Background technology
Magnolia wufengensis (
magnolia wufengensis) be the Magnoliacea plant novel species that the people such as Beijing Forestry University professor Ma Lvyi find when Hubei Wu Feng carries out Plant Resource of Magnoliaceae investigation for 2004.In formal record before this, a yulan adularescent, purple and the pink kind of one side, yulan entirely red inside and outside discovery still belongs to the first time at home, and only five peaks are exclusive.
Magnolia wufengensis has extremely abundant flower morphology variation property, and floral color type has dark red, red with pale red different manifestations; The number of tepal is not from 9 lobes to 46 lobes etc.; The shape of tepal has the wealthy shape of falling ovum cochlear, cochlear and bar shaped; Flower pattern has the different manifestations such as chrysanthemum type, Chinese rose type, lotus type and tree peony type, and ornamental value is very high, is splendid Landscape Trees.
Current development nursery stock all values " newly ", " very ", " excellent " of kind, and Magnolia wufengensis meets this three key elements.Go out most " very ", other kind yulan petals be white or purplish red outward in not red, and its petal is red entirely, and particularly Landscape Market lacks out the megaphanerophyte of safflower, and Magnolia wufengensis is just in time mended this and lacked, and has good application prospect in afforestation.
Realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that current afforestation market does not have Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, the time that the large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock cultivating into 8-12cm needs for urban landscaping is longer, at least needs 6-8, and it is slow that greening seedling cultivates growth cycle.The method 3-4 that inventor adopts high position grafting to cultivate Magnolia wufengensis can form large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock and crown grace, can be introduced to the market by Magnolia wufengensis as early as possible, for afforestation provides new germ plasm.
Meanwhile, the survival rate of traditional fruit tree, green plants graft technology grafting Magnolia wufengensis generally only has 20%, even lower.
Summary of the invention
Given this, the object of the invention is to provide the Magnolia wufengensis high position grafting method that a kind of survival rate is high, form large gauge greening seedling in advance, the method practicality simple to operate, graft survival rate can reach 96%, the 3-4 year and can cultivate into large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock.
For solving above technical problem, technical scheme provided by the invention is, provides a kind of high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis, belongs to trees for stock with yulan, with Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch for scion, enters branch after autumn and occurs that lignification is inclined to, can start grafting; Comprise the following steps:
1) stock is cultivated: select the yulan of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-12cm to belong to trees in 2-3 month and carry out field planting after the position cutting strunk of 2.5m-3m, and May prunes field planting yulan magnolia germinating branch, the germinating branch that symmetrical residual root is more healthy and stronger at trunk top;
2) stock process: be first close to the angular cut that phloem inside cutting one reaches xylem on germinating branch, then from directly over angular cut longitudinally vertically downward sliding cutting be cut into the long tangent plane of flat smooth to angular cut, and it is more to guarantee that long tangent plane forms layer exsertion part;
3) cut scion: be whittled into the long horse ear shape tangent plane of flat smooth at scion axillalry bud offside to downslide, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch diameter, in long horse ear shape tangent plane, medulla is seen in below, and on axillalry bud top, 0.8-1cm place cuts off; As axillalry bud offside be bending then at axillalry bud side because offside is bending then cannot be whittled into longer tangent plane;
4) scion colligation: docked with the long tangent plane of stock by long for scion horse ear shape tangent plane, with plastic film tape colligation from bottom to top, except axillalry bud spills, all the other positions all need to swathe tight.
The general yulan magnolia cultivating into 8-12cm needs 6-8, carries out high position grafting 3-4 can grow into about 12-15cm branching-point and be suitable for and form good tree crown in the position cutting strunk of 2.5-3m.May prunes field planting yulan magnolia germinating branch, the germinating branch that symmetrical residual root is more healthy and stronger at trunk top, crownly after guaranteeing grafting grow into spherical, other branch is all removed, and ensures that trunk only has top to leave the more healthy and stronger germinating branch of 3-4 root all the time in final-period management.
Because Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is thinner, that cuts that stock breaks traditions slightly cuts sth. askew, but is longitudinally cut into long tangent plane, and scion is sliding is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, form layer exposed parts just many, can ensure that scion formation layer forms layer with stock and docks completely, expand interface, the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration, be very beneficial for the survival rate improving Magnolia wufengensis grafting.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described scion is selected to gather rugosity and is less than the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch that stock germinates the full stalwartness of axillalry bud of branch thick, cut off blade, stay the petiole that 0.3-0.5cm is long, branch carries out moisturizing process to branch bottom notch after gathering.
Scion branch is too thick, is greater than stock germinating branch thick, then forming layer cannot dock.Current-year branch semi-lignified, has certain toughness and hardness, can transmit moisture.
If directly remove petiole, then below bud, form wound, scion vitality weakens.Moisturizing is carried out to branch bottom notch, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, can not be drained, keep the vitality that branch is vigorous.
According to a preferred embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, the concrete mode of described moisturizing process is: by after clip parcel one circle, whole bundle branch being sprayed a small amount of water with dipping in wet cotton towel, then being wrapped up by whole bundle branch with preservative film.If at once do not used, needing the branch bandaged to be positioned over shady and cool ventilation place, all can use in 2 days; 4 DEG C of refrigerators within 3-5 days, are then placed in, no longer than a week as placed.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described angular cut length is 0.5-0.8cm; The length of described long tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm, and wide is 0.5-1cm; The length of described long horse ear shape tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm; Described angular cut sprouts vimineous germinating point 5-10cm from its place.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described grafting method is selected sunny or cloudy weather and is carried out.Raining can breed bacteria, causes the interface water inlet do not tied up to infect, therefore selects sunny or cloudy weather to carry out grafting, and according to weather forecast situation, rainwater arrives and stops grafting before noon.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described grafting method is selected to carry out under 18-25 DEG C of temperature condition.During grafting, temperature callus growth when 18-25 DEG C is very fast, is grafting optimal temperature.The period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, temperature stopped grafting more than 30 DEG C, and afternoon, temperature can continue grafting after reducing.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described grafting method enters the stopping grafting of first 20 days of resting stage nursery stock.Enter branch after autumn and occur that lignification is inclined to, can grafting be started, sustainable about 2 months of grafting time.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described germinating branch leaves and takes 3-4 root.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, described plastic film tape is 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic of long 25-30cm, wide 2.5-3.5cm.
According to an embodiment of the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention, also comprise managing after grafting step:
Second Year fringe in spring bud sprout after above grafting part 5-10cm place cut off stock, grow after young sprout 3-4 sheet cotyledon until fringe bud, remove binding plastic film, when young sprout 10-15cm is long, again above interface healing place side, cut off stock, the branch regularly below removing grafting part, stock germinated.
Compared with prior art, a technical scheme tool in technique scheme has the following advantages:
1, adopt large nursery stocks to make stock, after grafting 3-4, garden large nursery stocks can be gone out.
2, newly to germinate branch vitality vigorous for stock, growth potential is strong, cellular tissure division is fast, and the callus of formation is many, and stock newly germinates branch and scion is whittled into long tangent plane, form layer exposed parts just many, interface expands, and the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration, solve the technological difficulties that Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate is low, overcome the technical deficiency that large nursery stocks cultivation period is long.
3, by using this method, graft survival rate can reach 96%, the 3-4 year and can cultivate into large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, and crown grace, can be introduced to the market by Magnolia wufengensis as early as possible, for afforestation provides new germ plasm.
4, moisturizing is carried out to branch bottom notch, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, can not be drained, keep the vitality that branch is vigorous.Be conducive to improving graft survival rate.
Embodiment
Be described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.The present embodiment is described principle of the present invention and feature, and example, only for explaining the present invention, is not for limiting the scope of the invention.
Inventor combines Magnolia wufengensis breeding experience for many years, adopts large nursery stocks to make stock, adopts raw Magnolia wufengensis then as scion, to achieve significant achievement.On the one hand due to old branch lignification, only formation layer and phloem have the function of transmission moisture, select to carry out high position grafting on new germinating branch, new germinating branch has certain toughness and hardness, whole branch can transmit moisture, and vitality is vigorous, and growth potential is strong, cellular tissure division is fast, and the callus of formation is many.Another aspect stock newly germinates branch and is whittled into long tangent plane, and scion is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, forms layer exposed parts just many, and interface expands, and the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration.Can survival rate be improved by this invention technology, and cultivate into large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock within a short period of time.
Magnolia wufengensis high position grafting method described in the present embodiment, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) stock is cultivated: select the yulan magnolia of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-12cm to carry out field planting in 2-3 month after the position cutting strunk of 2.5-3m, May prunes germinating branch, at the germinating branch that trunk top symmetry stays 3-4 root more healthy and stronger, other branch is all removed, and ensures that trunk only has top to leave the more healthy and stronger germinating branch of 3-4 root all the time in final-period management.
(2) process of stock: from germinating point 5-10cm position grafting knife, the long angular cut of phloem inside cutting one 0.5-0.8cm is close to the every root germinating in stock top branch, reach xylem, then 3.5-4.5cm place directly over otch, facing to the longitudinal sliding cutting vertically downward of lower cut to otch, kerf width is slightly larger than scion rugosity, be generally 0.5-1cm, encountered lower cut by the stock bar cut and just naturally come off.
(3) scion is selected and process: select rugosity to be the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of axillalry bud of 0.4-0.8cm, cut off blade, stay the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm length, every 50 branches wrap up into a bundle, often tying branch bottom notch place puts neatly, by after clip parcel one circle, whole bundle branch being sprayed a small amount of water with dipping in wet cotton towel, then with preservative film, whole bundle branch being wrapped up.If at once do not used, being positioned over shady and cool ventilation place, all can using in 2 days.4 DEG C of refrigerators within 3-5 days, are then placed in, no longer than a week as placed.Be whittled into the long horse ear shape tangent plane of long 3.5-4.5cm to downslide at scion axillalry bud offside (if axillalry bud offside is that bending is then at axillalry bud side), tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch diameter, and in long horse ear shape tangent plane, medulla is seen in below, and on bud top, 0.8-1cm place cuts off.
(4) grafting: stock is cultivated to enter then and get final product grafting after autumn, long for scion horse ear shape tangent plane is formed layer with the long tangent plane of stock and docks, with plastic film tape colligation from bottom to top, except axillalry bud spills, all the other positions all need to swathe tight.Sustainable about 2 months of grafting time, selects sunny or cloudy weather to carry out grafting.According to weather forecast situation, rainwater arrives and stops grafting before noon.During grafting, temperature is advisable with 18-25 DEG C, and the period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, temperature stopped grafting more than 30 DEG C, and afternoon, temperature continued grafting after reducing.
(5) management after grafting: Second Year fringe in spring bud sprout after above grafting part 5-10cm place cut off stock, grow after young sprout 3-4 sheet cotyledon until fringe bud, remove binding plastic film, again above interface healing place side, stock is cut off, the branch regularly below removing grafting part, stock germinated when young sprout 10-15cm is long.
By said method high position grafting Magnolia wufengensis, empirical tests: graft survival rate is up to 96%, and cultivate into large gauge Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock within a short period of time, solve the technological difficulties that Magnolia wufengensis high position grafting survival rate is low, overcome the technical deficiency that large nursery stocks cultivation period is long.
Experiment:
Grafting method of the present invention (experimental group) is changed head (control group 2) grafting method with traditional cutting strunk cut-grafting (control group 1) and a high position and carries out Experimental comparison.Each experimental group selects the yulan magnolia of 100 strain 8-12cm at random, and the grafting workman selecting three skills involved in the labour consistent carries out high position grafting, compares survival rate and the labor intensive time of three kinds of methods.Survival rate and grafting expend time in table 1.
The different high position grafting method survival rate of table 1 Magnolia wufengensis
|
(control group 1) |
(control group 2) |
Experimental group |
Grafting quantity |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Survive quantity |
73 |
52 |
96 |
Survival rate |
73% |
52% |
96% |
Expend time in |
10h |
12h |
8h |
Experimental result shows: pass through technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand due to old branch lignification, only formation layer and phloem have the function of transmission moisture, new germinating branch carries out high position grafting, and new germinating branch has certain toughness and hardness, and whole branch can transmit moisture, vitality is vigorous, growth potential is strong, and cellular tissure division is fast, and the callus of formation is many; On the other hand stock newly germinates branch and is whittled into long tangent plane and scion is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, and form layer exposed parts just many, interface expands, and the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration.Use this technical graft survival rate to be 96%, far above 52% of 73% and the control group 2 of control group 1, the grafting of grafting method of the present invention is consuming time in addition is also starkly lower than control group 2 and control group 3 for 8h.Therefore the present invention substantially increases the high position grafting survival rate of Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, also saves labour cost simultaneously.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be considered as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.