CN103283499B - Red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks - Google Patents
Red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283499B CN103283499B CN201310213264.0A CN201310213264A CN103283499B CN 103283499 B CN103283499 B CN 103283499B CN 201310213264 A CN201310213264 A CN 201310213264A CN 103283499 B CN103283499 B CN 103283499B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks. The red plum graft propagation method includes: selecting the green plums which are low in price, abundant in output and usually taken as waste by farmers as the rootstocks, subjecting the green plum rootstocks to pretreatment, scion treatment and grafting, and managing nutrient and water in later stages. By the aid of the red plum graft propagation method, perfect combination between the rootstocks and scions during graft propagation operation is guaranteed, survival rate of trees is increased while life time of the trees is prolonged by the aid of the pretreatment of the rootstocks and the scions, fertilizer efficiency of red plums is guaranteed to be sufficient rather than excessive by the aid of nutrient and water management in different periods in the later stages, growth cycle of red plum trees is shortened, growing quality and blooming quality of the trees are guaranteed, and disease resistance of plants is strengthened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of trees, especially relate to a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock.
Background technology
Red plum, defoliation small arbor, the rose family, Prunus, plant height is about 10m, dry in brown purple, flower takes on a red color or pale pink, fragrance, 5 pieces, petal, there is very high ornamental value, add that its growth cycle is longer, therefore the price of red Japanese apricot is also higher, utilize wild peach at present, Japanese plum, the seeds such as apricot carry out the method for propagation by grafiting as stock, but exist or resistance weak, life-span is short, the problems such as growth is slow or survival rate is not high or grafting cost is higher, and the growth cycle of green plum half shorter in red plum, and price is lower, stock belongs to plum anvil, a lot of area a large amount of green plum tree all because of without value by peasant household cut down burn, waste good red plum graft stock resource.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to solve in prior art short, survival rate of existing red plum propagation by grafiting life-span low problem, the present invention proposes a kind of reproductive effect good, with low cost, what rootstock resource enriched utilizes green plum to make the red plum propagation by grafiting method of stock.
Technical scheme: to achieve these objectives, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock, comprises the steps:
(1) pretreatment of green plum stock: top cuts off apart from 4-6cm place, ground in green plum to be grafted tree by 10-15d before grafting, before grafting, 2-4d waters water treatment to stock and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, and is coated with consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion Acquire and process: the red plum gathering suitable local cultivation becomes annual without the healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect on elite stand in age, cut off blade, get branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the large inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2-3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1-2cm, scion length is 4-6cm, by the wet cloth wrapping of scion branch two sections processed, carries out grafting operation after leaving standstill 10-15min;
(3) grafting operation: choose position, angular distribution uniform 3-5 place on stock, anyhow " ten " notched cut is cut into, deeply reach xylem, the large inclined-plane of scion after step (2) being processed inserts in stock otch, anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely with film tape and seal the little inclined-plane of scion, after germinateing, releasing portion divides wrapping to expose bud head; The unnecessary skirt branch grown stock bottom after grafting completes 20-25d is removed;
(4) rich water quality management: apply fertilizer twice every year, every tree uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-8kg before flowering for the first time, and second time is every tree applied nitrogen 5-8kg before entering the winter; In cultivation, management of watering is to keep ground moistening to be as the criterion without ponding; Diligent weeding, prevents damage by disease and insect.
In order to trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, grafting season is September-November.
More preferred, the green plum described in step (1) is set as the green plum of diameter 20-40cm is set.
For the healing of stock cross section and scion after promotion grafting grows, the consolidant described in step (1) is with the addition of the methyl α-naphthyl acetate that 10-20% concentration is 250ppm in common plant consolidant.
Further, the branch described in step (2) picks up from tree crown on red plum elite stand peripheral top, the herein comparatively full stalwartness of branch.
Be beneficial to the growth of trees after grafting, described in step (3), the temperature of grafting operation is 15-25 DEG C.
Beneficial effect: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock provided by the invention, have chosen cheap, abundance and be usually used as the green plum of discarded object as stock by peasant, propose the pretreatment from green plum stock, the process of scion is to a whole set of red plum grafting method of grafting operation and later stage rich water quality management, ensure that the perfect adaptation between stock and scion in propagation by grafiting operating process, the pretreatment of stock and scion adds survival rate and the life-span of trees, the rich water quality management of later stage different times also ensure that fertilizer efficiency foot in red plum process of growth and only, shorten the growth cycle of red Japanese apricot wood, ensure that arboreal growth and flowering quality, strengthen the resistance against diseases of plant.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Utilize green plum to make a red plum propagation by grafiting method for stock, comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, select season at the beginning of 9 months, selection diameter is the green plum tree of 20cm, before grafting, top cuts off apart from 4cm place, ground in green plum to be grafted tree by 10d, before grafting, 2d waters water treatment to stock and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, for promoting that the healing of stock cross section and scion after grafting grows, being that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared by adding 10% concentration in common plant consolidant, making stand-by stock;
(2) scion Acquire and process: the red plum gathering suitable local cultivation becomes annual without the healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect on elite stand in age, branch picks up from the peripheral top place of tree crown, cut off blade, get branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the large inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1cm, scion length is 4cm, by the wet cloth wrapping of scion branch two sections processed, grafting operation is carried out after leaving standstill 10min, sufficient to ensure the moisture of scion in grafting operation process;
(3) grafting operation: carry out grafting operation under temperature is 15 DEG C of environment, more be conducive to the survival of engration, stock is chosen uniform 3 positions, place of angular distribution, anyhow " ten " notched cut is cut into, deeply reach xylem, the large inclined-plane of scion after step (2) being processed inserts in stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely with film tape and seal the little inclined-plane of scion, after germinateing, releasing portion divides wrapping to expose bud head; The unnecessary skirt branch grown stock bottom after grafting completes 20d is removed, and effectively can improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: apply fertilizer every year twice, every tree uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5kg before flowering for the first time, improve flowering quality, promotion trees are in the growth in spring, second time is every tree applied nitrogen 5kg before entering the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in cultivation, management of watering is to keep ground moistening to be as the criterion without ponding; Also to water in time in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, affect it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding, regularly weeds out the rank grass and nutrient and water can be avoided to be fought for by weeds, prevent damage by disease and insect, to ensure the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize green plum to make a red plum propagation by grafiting method for stock, comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, select season at the beginning of 10 months, selection diameter is the green plum tree of 40cm, before grafting, top cuts off apart from 6cm place, ground in green plum to be grafted tree by 15d, before grafting, 4d waters water treatment to stock and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, for promoting that the healing of stock cross section and scion after grafting grows, being that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared by adding 20% concentration in common plant consolidant, making stand-by stock;
(2) scion Acquire and process: the red plum gathering suitable local cultivation becomes annual without the healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect on elite stand in age, branch picks up from the peripheral top place of tree crown, cut off blade, get branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the large inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, scion length is 6cm, by the wet cloth wrapping of scion branch two sections processed, grafting operation is carried out after leaving standstill 15min, sufficient to ensure the moisture of scion in grafting operation process;
(3) grafting operation: carry out grafting operation under temperature is 25 DEG C of environment, more be conducive to the survival of engration, stock is chosen uniform 5 positions, place of angular distribution, anyhow " ten " notched cut is cut into, deeply reach xylem, the large inclined-plane of scion after step (2) being processed inserts in stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely with film tape and seal the little inclined-plane of scion, after germinateing, releasing portion divides wrapping to expose bud head; The unnecessary skirt branch grown stock bottom after grafting completes 25d is removed, and effectively can improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: apply fertilizer every year twice, every tree uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8kg before flowering for the first time, improve flowering quality, promotion trees are in the growth in spring, second time is every tree applied nitrogen 8kg before entering the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in cultivation, management of watering is to keep ground moistening to be as the criterion without ponding; Also to water in time in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, affect it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding, regularly weeds out the rank grass and nutrient and water can be avoided to be fought for by weeds, prevent damage by disease and insect, to ensure the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 3:
Utilize green plum to make a red plum propagation by grafiting method for stock, comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, select season at the beginning of 11 months, selection diameter is the green plum tree of 30cm, before grafting, top cuts off apart from 5cm place, ground in green plum to be grafted tree by 12d, before grafting, 3d waters water treatment to stock and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, for promoting that the healing of stock cross section and scion after grafting grows, being that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared by adding 15% concentration in common plant consolidant, making stand-by stock;
(2) scion Acquire and process: the red plum gathering suitable local cultivation becomes annual without the healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect on elite stand in age, branch picks up from the peripheral top place of tree crown, cut off blade, get branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the large inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2.5cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1.5cm, scion length is 5cm, by the wet cloth wrapping of scion branch two sections processed, grafting operation is carried out after leaving standstill 13min, sufficient to ensure the moisture of scion in grafting operation process;
(3) grafting operation: carry out grafting operation under temperature is 20 DEG C of environment, more be conducive to the survival of engration, stock is chosen uniform 4 positions, place of angular distribution, anyhow " ten " notched cut is cut into, deeply reach xylem, the large inclined-plane of scion after step (2) being processed inserts in stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely with film tape and seal the little inclined-plane of scion, after germinateing, releasing portion divides wrapping to expose bud head; The unnecessary skirt branch grown stock bottom after grafting completes 20d is removed, and effectively can improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: apply fertilizer every year twice, every tree uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 6kg before flowering for the first time, improve flowering quality, promotion trees are in the growth in spring, second time is every tree applied nitrogen 6kg before entering the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in cultivation, management of watering is to keep ground moistening to be as the criterion without ponding; Also to water in time in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, affect it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding, regularly weeds out the rank grass and nutrient and water can be avoided to be fought for by weeds, prevent damage by disease and insect, to ensure the healthy growth of trees.
Use a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock of the present invention, comparatively common grafting method, trees surviving rate improves 7.5-12.3%, growth cycle also shortens 8.5-10.5%, and the red plum grow prolifically after grafting, flower is fertile, also improves the value of the cheap green plum of inherent value, for peasant brings wealth, practical.
It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvement, these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. utilize green plum to make a red plum propagation by grafiting method for stock, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) pretreatment of green plum stock: top cuts off apart from 4-6cm place, ground in green plum to be grafted tree by 10-15d before grafting, before grafting, 2-4d waters water treatment to stock and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, and is coated with consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion Acquire and process: the red plum gathering suitable local cultivation becomes annual without the healthy and strong branch of damage by disease and insect on elite stand in age, cut off blade, get branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the large inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2-3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1-2cm, scion length is 4-6cm, by the wet cloth wrapping of scion branch two sections processed, carries out grafting operation after leaving standstill 10-15min;
(3) grafting operation: choose position, angular distribution uniform 3-5 place on stock, anyhow " ten " notched cut is cut into, deeply reach xylem, the large inclined-plane of scion after step (2) being processed inserts in stock otch, anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely with film tape and seal the little inclined-plane of scion, after germinateing, releasing portion divides wrapping to expose bud head; The unnecessary skirt branch grown stock bottom after grafting completes 20-25d is removed;
(4) rich water quality management: apply fertilizer twice every year, every tree uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-8kg before flowering for the first time, and second time is every tree applied nitrogen 5-8kg before entering the winter; In cultivation, management of watering is to keep ground moistening to be as the criterion without ponding; Diligent weeding, prevents damage by disease and insect.
2. the red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: grafting season is September-November.
3. the red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the green plum described in step (1) is set as the green plum of diameter 20-40cm is set.
4. the red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the consolidant described in step (1) is with the addition of the methyl α-naphthyl acetate that 10-20% concentration is 250ppm in common plant consolidant.
5. the red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the branch described in step (2) picks up from the peripheral top of tree crown on red plum elite stand.
6. the red plum propagation by grafiting method utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (3), the temperature of grafting operation is 15-25 DEG C.
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| CN104663256A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 王庆忠 | Asexual artificial propagation method for heterogeneous plants |
| CN106258502A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-04 | 蒋寿春 | A kind of hickory grafting method |
| CN105265189A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-27 | 湖南省茶叶研究所 | Method for rapidly propagating cleft-graft plants |
| CN105815122B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-08-31 | 旌德县隐龙梅园生态农场 | A kind of red plum grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107041241A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-15 | 和县赭洛山茶叶种植专业合作社 | A kind of weeping branch plum bud connects cultural method |
| CN107223520A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of red plum potted landscape by stub of pear tree |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 晏晓兰等.梅花嫁接.《中国梅花栽培与鉴赏》.金盾出版社,2002, * |
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