CN101982058B - Mature mango breed rapid updating dwarfing culture method - Google Patents
Mature mango breed rapid updating dwarfing culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101982058B CN101982058B CN2010102756797A CN201010275679A CN101982058B CN 101982058 B CN101982058 B CN 101982058B CN 2010102756797 A CN2010102756797 A CN 2010102756797A CN 201010275679 A CN201010275679 A CN 201010275679A CN 101982058 B CN101982058 B CN 101982058B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mature mango breed rapid updating dwarfing culture method. Cutting trunk time has no season restriction, grafting is immediately carried out after cutting trunk, cut grafting method is adopted, plastic film is adopted to cover grafting sprout, and tearing film is used for banding, and management of plant diseases and insect pests and intertillage fertilization are cared after grafting. The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the method is used for rapidly replacing breed, dwarfing and especially improvement of breed of mature mango garden and inferior mango garden, on one hand grafting survival rate is improved, breed improvement period is shortened, on the other hand, the improved fruit garden goes into operation early, economic benefit is increased, the aim of dwarfing the crown of mango tree can be realized by adopting the method, fruit picking and plant diseases and insect pests operation are easier, labour and time are saved, and management cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method, belong to the tropical crop cultivation field.
Background technology
Mango belongs to perennial plant; Go into operation 3 years of need at least from growing seedlings to; Because the plantation time limit is longer, the tree height is big, pluck fruit, extermination of disease and insect pest difficulty, a series of problems such as deterioration of variety, quality, output reduction; Adopt low level to cut the dried kind of changing, can reach aged mango garden or mango inferior garden breed improvement and the quick purpose that improves mango grower economic benefit.Producing the method for changing of going up employing at present has: the one, adopt high branch grafting method replacements kind, and this method can not make plant downgrade; The 2nd, elder generation cuts veteran and does, and treats that section dried young sprout that sends grafts in scion on the young sprout after aging, and this method has reached dwarfing and upgraded and change the purpose of planting, but the cycle is longer, and the orchard of transformation is longer to production time.Therefore, low level grafting, dwarfing renewal are changed to plant in the garden breed improvement of aged mango and downgrade aspects such as control height, harvesting fruit, the extermination of disease and insect pest and are had important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method, and overcome the mango kind and upgraded deficiency slow, that operation period is long, be the method that a kind of kind of mango is fast and efficiently upgraded, downgraded.
The present invention realizes its goal of the invention through following steps:
(1) cut and do: cutting the time of doing does not have season limit, and the one-tenth mango in age that needs are improved the breed cuts as stock and does, and cutting and doing the back is about 50cm apart from ground level, cut dried after grafting immediately.
(2) grafting: cut to do grafting on the stock timber of back, adopt the cut-grafting method, apart from 5～10cm place, stock surface, but grafting simple bud or two bud; Cutting dried noodle 5～10cm place apart from stock; Respectively open the grafting otch about long a 5～10cm, wide 5cm along thing or North and South direction; 1～2 scion is gone into otch as the grafting bud cutting; Cover the grafting bud with plastic film and also tie up, with freshness protection package or plastic sack cross section and scion are encased and tie up tightly again with the company's of tearing film.
(3) normal bud stays bud: the grafting bud grows to about 30cm, and wound heals fully, wipes out grafting bud terminal bud, lets it send grafting bud lateral bud, makes the branch that grows distribute rationally, and it is tree-like to form high yield, and is beneficial to the dwarfing in later stage.
(4) stay bud: 2 of the dried assurances of each section are buddered into alive, and a bud is done permanent, and bud work prepares branch.
(5) shortening trimming: give birth to fixed the doing in the aging back of the tip for the second time buddering to take out; 30～50cm place the cutting back of buddering of heading height for sending in the bud pruning of sending on cut doing and the scion; Stay 2～4 buds (being generally 3 buds) as skeleton branch simultaneously, stay 2～3 side shoots on every skeleton branch.When growing into more than 6～8 months, wound heals fully, and the skeleton branch growth is normal, and collateral development is good, then will prepare secateurs and remove, and only stays permanent branch.Permanent branch is wanted robust growth, and branch distributes rationally, and is tree-like better.
(6) managing after grafting: will note the management and the intertillage fertilising of damage by disease and insect after the grafting.Locating dark intertillage about 60cm once and form the ring-type dressing furrow from cut doing after the grafting, purpose is to cut off root system, promotes the generation of new root, the absorbing capacity of enhance root system and absorb the degree of depth.The intertillage back applies fertilizer in the ring-type dressing furrow, cut the nutrition of doing to strengthen, and promotes scion to sprout.Because mango is the globular model tree crown, thereby will control the apical dominance of young sprout behind the grafting survival, adopt the cutting back retraction, thorax branch, overstocked branch, upright growth etc. are wiped out for descending branch is nonvoluntary in wiping out, and give over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year.
The dried noodle that cuts in the above-mentioned steps (1) requires smoothly, cuts and avoids causing when doing and tear skin and hinder the skin phenomenon; On section dried noodle, lay a coat of paint, avoid following section solid carbon dioxide of high temperature to divide evaporation too fast.
The grafting otch formation degree of depth is the groove of the notch of 2～4cm in the above-mentioned steps (2), and the groove of the notch is whittled into 45, about the long 5cm of scion.Directly over the grafting otch, reach both sides and respectively open a skewed slot apart from the place of the about 2cm of grafting otch, the about 1～2mm of the degree of depth lets rainwater flow along skewed slot, in order to avoid rainwater drenches the grafting mouth.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows to be used for changing fast kind, dwarfing, especially to be suitable for improvement, improve graft survival rate on the one hand, shorten cycle of breed improvement, on the other hand mango garden and mango inferior garden kind of experienced age; Early gone into operation in the orchard of improvement, increase economic benefit, adopt this method; Can make simultaneously the mango hat reach the purpose of dwarfing; For pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier, the time and labour saving reduces management cost.Compare with the common grafting method, following advantage is arranged: (1) production time is improved the breed the shortening cycle more than 1 year than conventional method; (2) graft survival rate is quite high, reaches 100%; (3) went into operation 1 year than common grafting method is early, grafting can be born fruit in 1 year, and individual plant is born fruit and reached more than the 15kg; (4) this invention reaches and downgrades the high purpose of control, for pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier than commonsense method, the time and labour saving reduces management cost, increases economic benefit.
Reflect characteristics of the present invention more intuitively through following tabulation:
Embodiment
(1) cut and do: cut the time of doing: no season limit, cut that to do highly be about 50cm, section dried grafting immediately.
(2) grafting: cut to do grafting on the stock timber of back, adopt a branch cut-grafting method, apart from 5～10cm place, stock surface, but grafting simple bud or two bud: scion of each grafting of thing or north and south both direction or two scion.Earlier stub is respectively opened the grafting otch about long a 5～10cm, wide 5cm along thing or north and south both direction; With 1～2 scion as the insertion interface of buddering; Cover with plastic film and to budder, tie up with the company's of tearing film, and cross section and scion are encased and tie up tightly with freshness protection package or plastic sack.
(3) normal bud stays bud: the grafting bud grows to about 30cm, and wound heals fully, wipes out grafting bud terminal bud, lets it send lateral bud, makes the branch that grows distribute rationally, and it is tree-like to form high yield, and is beneficial to the dwarfing in later stage.
(4) stay bud: 2 of the dried assurances of each section are buddered into alive, and a bud is done permanent, and bud work prepares branch.
(5) shortening trimming: give birth to fixed the doing in the aging back of the tip for the second time buddering to take out; Heading height is 30～50cm place cutting back of bud pruning (cutting the bud that sends on doing) and budder (bud that sends in the scion); Stay 2～4 buds (being generally 3 buds) as skeleton branch simultaneously, stay 2～3 side shoots on every skeleton branch.When growing into more than 6～8 months, wound heals fully, and the skeleton branch growth is normal, and collateral development is good, then will prepare secateurs and remove, and only stays permanent branch.Permanent branch is wanted robust growth, and branch distributes rationally, and is tree-like better.
(6) managing after grafting: will note the management and the intertillage fertilising of damage by disease and insect after the grafting.Will note the control of young sprout behind the grafting survival, control apical dominance, adopt the cutting back retraction, thorax branch, overstocked branch, upright growth etc. are wiped out for descending branch is nonvoluntary in wiping out, and give over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year.
Claims (9)
1. one kind becomes mango kind fast updating dwarfing culture in age method, it is characterized in that step is following:
(1) cut and do: the one-tenth mango in age that needs are improved the breed cuts as stock and does, and cutting and doing the back is about 50cm apart from ground level, cut dried after grafting immediately;
(2) grafting: cutting grafting on the stock timber of dried back; Adopt the cut-grafting method; Cutting dried noodle 5～10cm place apart from stock; Respectively open the grafting otch about long a 5～10cm, wide 5cm along thing or North and South direction; 1～2 scion is gone into otch as the grafting bud cutting; Cover the grafting bud with plastic sheeting and also tie up, with polybag cross section and scion are encased and tie up tightly again with the company's of tearing film;
(3) normal bud stays bud: the grafting bud grows to about 30cm, after wound heals fully, wipes out grafting bud terminal bud, stays grafting bud lateral bud, and each cuts to do and guarantees that 2 grafting buds become to live, and a bud is made permanent branch, and a bud is made the preparation branch;
(4) shortening trimming: take out at the grafting bud and to give birth to fixed the doing in the aging back of the tip for the second time, heading height is done the 30～50cm place cutting back of buddering that sends in the bud pruning of sending and the scion for cutting, and stays 2～4 buds as skeleton branch simultaneously, stays 2～3 side shoots on every skeleton branch; When growing into 6～8 months, wound heals fully, and the skeleton branch growth is normal, and collateral development is good, then will prepare secateurs and remove, and only stays permanent branch;
(5) managing after grafting: note the management and the intertillage fertilising of damage by disease and insect after the grafting.
2. one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cut to do no season limit, cut dried after grafting immediately.
3. one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is smooth to cut dried noodle, cuts to avoid causing when doing and tear skin and hinder the skin phenomenon; On section dried noodle, lay a coat of paint, avoid following section solid carbon dioxide of high temperature to divide evaporation too fast.
4. mango according to claim 1 becomes mango kind fast updating dwarfing culture in age method, it is characterized in that: it is the groove of the notch of 2～4cm that the grafting otch forms the degree of depth, and the groove of the notch is whittled into 45, about the long 5cm of scion.
5. one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the stock stake of cross section 5～10cm, adopting cut-grafting method simple bud or two bud grafting; Directly over the grafting otch, reach both sides and respectively open a skewed slot apart from the place of the about 2cm of grafting otch; The degree of depth 1～2mm lets rainwater flow along skewed slot, in order to avoid rainwater drenches the grafting mouth.
6. the quick kind of one-tenth mango in age according to claim 1 is upgraded the dwarfing culture method; It is characterized in that: with film with grafting mouth and scion colligation tight after; Again whole scion and whole section dried noodle are all wrapped up tightly, do not allow rainwater to get into the grafting mouth, avoid cutting the dried noodle water evaporates simultaneously.
7. the quick kind of one-tenth mango in age according to claim 1 is upgraded the dwarfing culture method, it is characterized in that: when step (4) shortening trimming, stay 3 buds as skeleton branch.
8. one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: locating the dark ring-type dressing furrow of intertilling once and form about 60cm, cut off root system after the grafting, promote the generation of new root from cutting to do; The absorbing capacity of enhance root system and the absorption degree of depth; The intertillage back applies fertilizer in the ring-type dressing furrow, cut the nutrition of doing to strengthen, and promotes scion to sprout.
9. one-tenth mango in age kind fast updating dwarfing culture method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: will control the apical dominance of young sprout behind the grafting survival, adopt the cutting back retraction, thorax branch, overstocked branch, upright growth etc. in wiping out; Wipe out for descending branch is nonvoluntary, give over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year.
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Families Citing this family (19)
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| CN102415287A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-18 | 云南省红河热带农业科学研究所 | Mango grafting bud method |
| CN102696408A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Grafting method for enhancing survival rate of grafted fruit trees |
| CN103843637A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-11 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Low-position trunk cutting and variety renovation technology of grown longans |
| CN103202189B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-01-07 | 唐宗福 | Full crown regenerating method of defected apple tree form |
| CN103262755B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-09-24 | 北京林业大学 | Old tree optimization method |
| CN103299874A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 何寒 | Efficient production management method of Taiwan green dates during cultivation |
| CN103299872A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 何寒 | Method for production management by using bright reflection film after citrus fruit set |
| CN103798097A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-05-21 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | Mangifera indica cultivation method through double-layer frame-constructing dwarfing and rain sheltering |
| CN104855203A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 李廷夫 | Top grafting canopy replacement method of red mangoes |
| CN104823792A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 黄旭胜 | Efficient cultivation and management method for carambola |
| CN104996250A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽新荣久农业科技有限公司 | Quick cultivation method for oil tea bud stock |
| CN105613172B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-05-29 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of selenium-rich mango |
| CN106171763B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-03-19 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of method that old orchard quickly updates |
| CN109197348A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-15 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of shaping methods that the mango saplings stage is tree-like |
| CN110050626A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | A kind of mango tree crown update cultural method |
| CN110419380B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-08-31 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for obtaining short and small mango trees |
| CN111149530A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 王鑫 | Grafting method for high-yield Korean pine |
| CN111670705A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-18 | 新疆林业科学院 | Low-position grafting method for rejuvenation of mature apricot trees |
| CN114391407B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-04 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Method for improving internal quality of bagged mangoes |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101433170B (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-09-28 | 华坪县华农科技开发有限责任公司 | Aged mango high-pile grafting method |
| CN101699970B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-04-13 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | Method for shortening the production period of mango |
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Effective date of registration: 20160303 Address after: 678000 Longyang District of Baoshan city in Yunnan Province, City Road No. 518 Patentee after: Yunnan Jin Keng Guo Ye Science and Technology Ltd. Address before: 678025 Yunnan city of Baoshan Province town in Lujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the heat Patentee before: Inst. of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Grop, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture |