CN109792918A - A kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology - Google Patents
A kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109792918A CN109792918A CN201910146635.5A CN201910146635A CN109792918A CN 109792918 A CN109792918 A CN 109792918A CN 201910146635 A CN201910146635 A CN 201910146635A CN 109792918 A CN109792918 A CN 109792918A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology, belong to agricultural plantation technology field, including the following contents: (1) nursery orchard establishment and management (2) rootstock seedling breeding (3) scion selection (4) engrafting method (5) managing after grafting.The present invention provides a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology, it is limited in detail from the harvesting of avocado seed, stock breeding, the selection of scion, engrafting method etc., comprehensively, the key parameter for controlling avocado graft seedling growth specifically, in detail makes avocado seedling-raising technique more standardize；Avocado seed passes through medicament immersion treatment, and bud ratio dramatically increases, and can shorten growing-seedling period；The growing way of avocado seedling is neat, and be out of the garden time consistency, and convenient for management, seedling cost is effectively reduced；Scion is after chemicals treatment, and avocado seedling growth is healthy and strong, high graft survival rate, is the rapidly and efficiently graft seedling growth technology being worthy of popularization in avocado production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, are related to a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology.
Background technique
Avocado also known as avocado, butter fruit etc., originate in Mexico and Central America, are the aiphyllium fruits of Lauraceae Persea
One of tree and woody oleiferous plants crop.Avocado is a kind of rare fruit with high nutritive value and high economic value, rich in not
Saturated fatty acid, protein, multivitamin and mineral element etc., it is deep by Europe with fruit, grain, the health-care effect of oil
The favor of Mei Deng developed country consumer, supply falls short of demand for international market.Avocado is in China as a kind of emerging tropical fruit tree, kind
It is few to plant early investment, fruiting period yield is high, and the service life is long, and good in economic efficiency, development avocado industry, which can effectively drive, to get agricultural profit
Synergy, peasant programme；Meanwhile avocado is that a kind of evergreen deciduous tree fruit tree may be used also because its four seasons is evergreen, tree performance is graceful
As a kind of excellent garden landscape green tree species；Compared to other fruit trees, annual fallen leaves amount is very big, can effectively increase having for soil
Machine matter, prevents erosion, and preserves the ecological environment.
Favor with more and more consumers to avocado, domestic avocado planting range and area also increase year by year, especially
On the ground such as Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, growth momentum is swift and violent, however, the breeding of good seed and for reply avocado produce
Industry sustainable development is most important.Therefore, growing-seedling period can be shortened by finding one kind, simplify mating system, improve seedling quality, be improved
Survival rate, the avocado seedling-raising technique for reducing economic cost is the task of top priority.
The present invention conducts a research according to needed for industry development for avocado graft seedling growth technology, invents a kind of avocado grafting
Seedling-raising technique, can effectively solve in avocado industry development that nursery stock growing-seedling period is long, seedling quality is not good enough, survival rate is low etc. actually asks
Topic.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology,
It is achieved particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) nursery orchard establishment and management:
(1) nursery lot selects: selecting flat topography, fertile soil, the soil of draining well, leeward on the sunny side as nursery
Ground, avoids low-lying and ponding location, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam；
(2) site preparation, fertilising and make bed: complete cultivation soil 25cm~30cm before planting picks up stone cleaning, sundries etc., then
It rakes；Base fertilizer is applied after site preparation, based on well-rotted farmyard manure；High 20cm~the 25cm in seedbed, wide 80cm~120cm, length according to
Depending on landform, the wide 30cm of pavement；
(2) rootstock seedling is bred:
(1) seed treatment: fresh, no disease and pests harm, mature and plump the avocado seed of selection, cleaned, sterilized after harvesting,
Impregnate, stripping kind of a skin, seed disinfection carried out after impregnating a stripping kind skin be since avocado kind skin is keratin, and it is more containing grease, peel off kind
Micromicro prevents from causing seed decay to promote seed to absorb water and ventilate；
(2) vernalization vernalization: is carried out using the method for sand bed vernalization；
(3) sow: by seed point upward when sowing, seed had just been covered with sandy soil to be advisable；Seed spacing is 2cm~3cm,
One layer of straw of lid again above Gai Shahou after abundant water drenching, is put at ventilation concealment, with sharp germination；
(4) transplant seedlings: avocado seed after planting 40d~50d, young root have a nutrient ability that absorbs, young shoot be unearthed high 5cm~
10cm, and when cotyledon is not yet unfolded, is transplanted, and moisture is first watered with before transplanting, to protect seedlings root；Use length for
15cm × 20cm × 25cm perforated plastic bag or non-woven bag are packed；
(5) it is managed after transplanting seedlings:
A. it waters: being watered with root water after transplanting in time, and pay attention to covering, the seedling growth later period controls irrigation amount；
B. it fills the gaps with seedlings: checking survival rate after 10d~15d, benefit cultivation is carried out to the seedling not survived；
C. weeding: monthly loosening the soil 1 time, timely weeding, by the way of artificial weeding, grasps and removes early, except original that is small, eliminating
Then；
D. apply fertilizer: growth of seedling thin nitrogen fertilizer application early period, later period can spray blade face potash fertilizer；
(3) scion selects:
(1) scion is picked: selection resistance, robust growth, and the excellent variety of no disease and pests harm is as mother plant for cutting, acquisition tree
Hat periphery is healthy and strong, internode is short, raw semi-lignified branch of the full stalwartness of bud current year；
(2) scion is handled: long branch being cut into segment, guarantees that 2~4 full bud points are stayed in every section of scion, in bud point
It holds and is cut at 0.5cm；
(4) engrafting method:
(1) cut anvil wood: when nursery stock stem thickness is i.e. graftable in 1.5cm~2.0cm, stock liftoff 15cm~20cm at section
Top, the lateral edge forming layer in section cut 2cm~4cm vertically downward；
(2) it cuts scion: first first cutting the long bevel of a long 2cm~3cm in the lower part of scion with grafting knife, guarantee that bevel is flat
Directly；The small bevel of a long 0.5cm~1.0cm is cut on the opposite of bevel, keeps lower end slightly sharp；
(3) graft: by the notch of scion inclined-plane insertion stock, long bevel is inside, and at least makes cambial side pair
Together；Using long 25cm~30cm, the plastic film tape of wide 1cm~1.5cm is tightened from bottom to top centered on graft union, is obturaged
Graft union leaks out bud eye, using the propagation method of grafting, is not only able to maintain the good characteristic of kind, the growth hair of promotion nursery stock
It educates, and overcomes the spare time for being difficult to breed with other methods difficult；
(5) managing after grafting:
(1) remove and sprout: timing removes the tiller bud grown on stock；
(2) check survival rate: grafting 25~35 days after, can check survival rate, if scion viridescent, bud eye it is fresh and tender be at
It is living；If do not survived, benefit can be carried out in time and is connect；
(3) it unbinds: when grafting part heals completely, after young sprout is aging, binding strip can be released, unbundlings are in due course to promote nursery stock
Fast-growth, carry out cut anvil reach reduce moisture, nutrition loss purpose, guarantee the quality of nursery stock；
(4) cut anvil: scion young sprout is long to 10cm~15cm, cuts extra stock, section at 0.5cm above the graft union
It in 45 degree, is tilted to budding panel other side, notch is smooth, and anti-accumulated water rots, and avoids and injure graft union；
(5) water, fertilizer management: should suitably cover after grafting, and dry weather will drench with rain moisturizing in time, in order to avoid cause scion water shortage
It is withered or even dead；It can apply fertilizer after unbundlings, the decomposed fertilizer of application early period, human and animal excreta or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, later period application nitrogen,
Potash fertilizer promotes nursery stock stalk healthy and strong；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control for paying attention to nursery simultaneously, weeds with a hoe in time, promotes the acceleration of nursery stock raw
It is long.
Preferably, in the step (1) in nursery orchard establishment and management, the seedbed choosing of sowing is rich in the soil of organic matter, whole
Fertilising is based on well-rotted farmyard manure behind ground, to improve the nutrient of soil, better nurturing staff.
Preferably, in the step (2) seed sterilization method, be using 0.5~1% liquor potassic permanganate soak seed
1h.Seed disinfection processing is the most simple and easy and cost-effective method of integrated control Crop Species Seedling Diseases, and potassium permanganate is molten
The effect of liquid seed soaking kills the germs and viruses in seed first is that carry out disinfection to seed；Second is that being protected to seed
The infringement of external germ；Third is that accelerating the conversion of reserve substance, the vigor of seed is improved.
Preferably, in the step (2), seed is cleaned as early as possible after fruit picking, is sterilized, is impregnated, shelling kind of a Pi Denggong
Make, if be unable to sowing in time, should first remove pulp, kind skin does not peel off, in order to avoid seed is withered, is stored in epidemic disaster after cleaning
In suitable river sand or semi-moist coco bran, pay attention to not making seed drying.
Preferably, the specific processing mode of sand bed vernalization is in the step (2): sand bed selection of land gesture is flat, draining is logical
Freely, ventilation illumination condition is good, and nearly nursery lot, with the thin river sand of partial size 0.5mm~3.0mm, surrounding is surrounded with brick or plank, sand bed
High 20cm, width 120cm, depending on length is because of demand.There is germination slowly, seedling growth is not whole at seedbed in avocado seed sowing
The problems such as neat, generally takes first vernalization to handle, and effectively shortens the seedling raise period of avocado, improves germination regularity, reaches unified shifting
The seedling time.
Preferably, the grafting in the step (4) is using whip grafting cut-grafting mode, and grafting time is in late March
To the first tenday period of a month in May, graft survival rate, while scion nutritional sufficiency can be effectively improved, growth is vigorous, and restore fast, there is high survival rate,
Grafting grows fast advantage.
Preferably, (3) grafting in the step (4), is first by scion inclined-plane in 50~200mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium
It is quickly dipped once, be inserted into the notch of stock；Indolebutyric acid sodium is a kind of indolebutyric acid salt, is easy to become solution in water, and property is stablized, more
Conveniently, safely, efficiently, to be mainly used for rooting of cuttings in production, it can induce the formation of root substance, promote cell differentiation and divide
It splits, promotes the growth of bud, promote the formation of cutting adventitious root, improve graft survival rate.
Preferably, timing in the step (5) removes the tiller bud grown on stock, be weekly except stock rudiment is primary,
Promote tachyauxesis of buddering to reach, improves the effect of seedling quality.
Compared with prior art, the technical effect of the invention is embodied in:
(1) it elaborates to be unable to sowing in time after avocado seed collection in this method for culturing seedlings, seed standing time too long kind
Subprocessing method solves sprout in the actual production of avocado seed time and quality.
(2) seed sterilization is carried out using potassium permanganate before sowing in this method for culturing seedlings, prevents seed from germ is taken in this way
Disease occurs during field or germination, improves enzymatic activity, enhances Seed Vitality, increases seed resistance.
(3) avocado kind skin is peeled off before sowing in this method for culturing seedlings, is to solve avocado kind skin fat content height, is prevented seed rotten
It is rotten；On the other hand promote seed water suction and ventilation, to solve to shorten germinating time and improve germination efficiency.
(4) handled in this method for culturing seedlings using vernalization, can make that germination is fast, emergence is early, goes out full stand, and in combination with into
Row seed disinfection prevents and treats sprout term disease, promotes seedling quality.
(5) using the artificial fecundation method of grafting in this method for culturing seedlings, there is the good characteristic for keeping kind, promote nursery stock
Growth and development the advantages of, and overcome the spare time for being difficult to breed with other methods difficult, there is high survival rate, fast excellent of grafting growth
Point.
(6) scion is handled with the quickly dipped method of indolebutyric acid sodium before grafting in this method for culturing seedlings, indolebutyric acid sodium has growth
Plain activity, promotes cell division and differentiation, promotes the growth of bud, effectively improve graft survival rate.
(7) it is described in detail in this method for culturing seedlings for avocado managing after grafting, specifically defines to remove after grafting and sprout
Bud, check survival rate, cut anvil, unbundlings time, elaborate the specific method of each management, to avocado grafting survive and
Growth potential is particularly important.
(8) present invention is a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology, and it is strong that excellent seedling-wood breeding is particularly important in avocado production
The material base of big industry, developing avocado must nurturing staff.Cultivating avocado nursery stock through the invention, not only operating method is simple,
It is at low cost, and seedling growth speed is fast, and quality is high, is a kind of avocado seedling-raising technique suitable for applying on producing.
Specific embodiment
It is limited below with reference to specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is further, but claimed
Range is not only limited to made description.
Embodiment 1
(1) nursery orchard establishment and management:
(1) nursery lot selects: selecting flat topography, fertile soil, the soil of draining well, leeward on the sunny side as nursery
Ground avoids low-lying and ponding location, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and the seedbed choosing of sowing is rich in the soil of organic matter, whole
It applies based on well-rotted farmyard manure on ground；
(2) site preparation, fertilising and make bed: complete cultivation soil 27cm before planting picks up stone cleaning, sundries etc., then rakes；It is whole
Base fertilizer is applied behind ground, based on well-rotted farmyard manure；The high 22cm in seedbed, wide 100cm, length is depending on landform, the wide 30cm of pavement；
(2) rootstock seedling is bred:
(1) seed treatment: 100 fresh, no disease and pests harm, mature and plump avocado seeds of selection, cleaned after harvesting,
Immersion, soaked seed 1h using 0.75% liquor potassic permanganate, a stripping kind skin, then naturally dry；
(2) vernalization: vernalization is carried out using the method for sand bed vernalization, sand bed selection of land gesture is flat, draining is unobstructed, ventilation illumination item
Part is good, nearly nursery lot, and with the thin river sand of partial size 0.5mm~3.0mm, surrounding is surrounded with brick, the high 20cm of sand bed, width 120cm, length
10m；
(3) sow: by seed point upward when sowing, seed had just been covered with sandy soil to be advisable；Seed spacing is 2.5cm, lid
One layer of straw of lid again above after sand after abundant water drenching, is put at ventilation concealment, with sharp germination；
(4) transplant seedlings: avocado seed after planting 40d~50d, young root have a nutrient ability that absorbs, young shoot be unearthed high 5cm~
10cm, and when cotyledon is not yet unfolded, is transplanted, and moisture is first watered with before transplanting, to protect seedlings root；Use length for
15cm × 20cm × 25cm perforated plastic bag is packed；
(5) it is managed after transplanting seedlings:
A. it waters: being watered with root water after transplanting in time, and pay attention to covering, the seedling growth later period controls irrigation amount；
B. it fills the gaps with seedlings: checking survival rate after 12d, benefit cultivation is carried out to the seedling not survived；
C. weeding: monthly loosening the soil 1 time, timely weeding, by the way of artificial weeding, grasps and removes early, except original that is small, eliminating
Then；
D. apply fertilizer: growth of seedling thin nitrogen fertilizer application early period, later period spray blade face potash fertilizer；
(3) scion selects:
(1) scion is picked: selection resistance, robust growth, and the excellent variety of no disease and pests harm is as mother plant for cutting, acquisition tree
Hat periphery is healthy and strong, internode is short, raw semi-lignified branch of the full stalwartness of bud current year；
(2) scion is handled: long branch being cut into segment, guarantees that 2~4 full bud points are stayed in every section of scion, in bud point
It holds and is cut at 0.5cm；
(4) engrafting method:
(1) cut anvil wood: when nursery stock stem thickness is grafted in 1.5cm~2.0cm, the truncation at the liftoff 17.5cm of stock is being cut
The one lateral edge forming layer in face cuts 3cm vertically downward；
(2) it cuts scion: first first cutting the long bevel of a long 2.5cm in the lower part of scion with grafting knife, guarantee that bevel is straight；
The small bevel of a long 0.75cm is cut on the opposite of bevel, keeps lower end slightly sharp；
(3) it grafts: using whip grafting cut-grafting mode, grafting time is in April, first by scion inclined-plane in 125mg/L indoles
Sodium butyrate is quickly dipped once, and then by the notch of scion inclined-plane insertion stock, long bevel is inside, and at least makes cambial side
Alignment；Using long 27.5cm, the plastic film tape of wide 1.25cm is tightened from bottom to top centered on graft union, obturages grafting
Mouthful, leak out bud eye；
(5) managing after grafting:
(1) it removes and sprouts: carrying out weekly once except rudiment, to remove the tiller bud grown on stock；
(2) it checks survival rate: after grafting 30 days, checking survival rate, such as scion viridescent, fresh and tender bud eye is to survive；Do not have such as
It survives, carries out benefit in time and connect；
(3) it unbinds: when grafting part heals completely, after young sprout is aging, releasing binding strip；
(4) cut anvil: scion young sprout is long to 10cm~15cm, cuts extra stock, section at 0.5cm above the graft union
It in 45 degree, is tilted to budding panel other side, notch is smooth, and anti-accumulated water rots, and avoids and injure graft union；
(5) water, fertilizer management: should suitably cover after grafting, and dry weather will drench with rain moisturizing in time, in order to avoid cause scion water shortage
It is withered or even dead；It applies fertilizer after unbundlings, the decomposed fertilizer of application early period, human and animal excreta or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, later period apply nitrogen, potassium
Fertilizer, ventilation wet with soil conservation are advisable, and fertilising promotes nursery stock stalk healthy and strong with thin fertile duty Shi Weizhu；Nursery is paid attention to simultaneously
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control weeds with a hoe in time, promotes the tachyauxesis of nursery stock.
Embodiment 2
(1) nursery orchard establishment and management:
(1) nursery lot selects: selecting flat topography, fertile soil, the soil of draining well, leeward on the sunny side as nursery
Ground avoids low-lying and ponding location, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and the seedbed choosing of sowing is rich in the soil of organic matter, whole
It applies based on well-rotted farmyard manure on ground；
(2) site preparation, fertilising and make bed: complete cultivation soil 25cm before planting picks up stone cleaning, sundries etc., then rakes；It is whole
Base fertilizer is applied behind ground, based on well-rotted farmyard manure；The high 20cm in seedbed, wide 80cm, length is depending on landform, the wide 30cm of pavement；
(2) rootstock seedling is bred:
(1) seed treatment: 100 fresh, no disease and pests harm, mature and plump avocado seeds of selection, cleaned after harvesting,
Immersion, soaked seed 1h using 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, a stripping kind skin, then naturally dry；
(2) vernalization: vernalization is carried out using the method for sand bed vernalization, sand bed selection of land gesture is flat, draining is unobstructed, ventilation illumination item
Part is good, nearly nursery lot, and with the thin river sand of partial size 0.5mm~3.0mm, surrounding is surrounded with brick or plank, the high 20cm of sand bed, width
120cm, length 10m；
(3) sow: by seed point upward when sowing, seed had just been covered with sandy soil to be advisable；Seed spacing is 2cm, Gai Sha
One layer of straw of lid again above afterwards after abundant water drenching, is put at ventilation concealment, with sharp germination；
(4) transplant seedlings: avocado seed after planting 40d~50d, young root have a nutrient ability that absorbs, young shoot be unearthed high 5cm~
10cm, and when cotyledon is not yet unfolded, is transplanted, and moisture is first watered with before transplanting, to protect seedlings root；Use length for
15cm × 20cm × 25cm perforated non-woven cloth bag is packed；
(5) it is managed after transplanting seedlings:
A. it waters: being watered with root water after transplanting in time, and pay attention to covering, the seedling growth later period controls irrigation amount；
B. it fills the gaps with seedlings: checking survival rate after 10d, benefit cultivation is carried out to the seedling not survived；
C. weeding: monthly loosening the soil 1 time, timely weeding, by the way of artificial weeding, grasps and removes early, except original that is small, eliminating
Then；
D. apply fertilizer: growth of seedling thin nitrogen fertilizer application early period, later period spray blade face potash fertilizer；
(3) scion selects:
(1) scion is picked: selection resistance, robust growth, and the excellent variety of no disease and pests harm is as mother plant for cutting, acquisition tree
Hat periphery is healthy and strong, internode is short, raw semi-lignified branch of the full stalwartness of bud current year；
(2) scion is handled: long branch being cut into segment, guarantees that 2~4 full bud points are stayed in every section of scion, in bud point
It holds and is cut at 0.5cm；
(4) engrafting method:
(1) cut anvil wood: when nursery stock stem thickness is in 1.5cm~2.0cm i.e. grafting, the truncation at the liftoff 15cm of stock, in section
A lateral edge forming layer cut 2cm vertically downward；
(2) it cuts scion: first first cutting the long bevel of a long 2cm in the lower part of scion with grafting knife, guarantee that bevel is straight；?
The small bevel of a long 0.5cm is cut on the opposite of bevel, keeps lower end slightly sharp；
(3) it grafts: using whip grafting cut-grafting mode, grafting time is in late March, first by scion inclined-plane in 50mg/L Yin
Diindyl sodium butyrate is quickly dipped once, and then by the notch of scion inclined-plane insertion stock, long bevel is inside, and at least makes cambial one
Side alignment；Using long 25cm, the plastic film tape of wide 1cm is tightened from bottom to top centered on graft union, obturages graft union, leakage
Bud eye out；
(5) managing after grafting:
(1) it removes and sprouts: carrying out weekly once except rudiment, to remove the tiller bud grown on stock；
(2) it checks survival rate: after grafting 25 days, checking survival rate, such as scion viridescent, fresh and tender bud eye is to survive；Do not have such as
It survives, carries out benefit in time and connect；
(3) it unbinds: when grafting part heals completely, after young sprout is aging, releasing binding strip；
(4) cut anvil: scion young sprout is long to 10cm~15cm, cuts extra stock, section at 0.5cm above the graft union
It in 45 degree, is tilted to budding panel other side, notch is smooth, and anti-accumulated water rots, and avoids and injure graft union；
(5) water, fertilizer management: should suitably cover after grafting, and dry weather will drench with rain moisturizing in time, in order to avoid cause scion water shortage
It is withered or even dead；It applies fertilizer after unbundlings, the decomposed fertilizer of application early period, human and animal excreta or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, later period apply nitrogen, potassium
Fertilizer, ventilation wet with soil conservation are advisable, and fertilising promotes nursery stock stalk healthy and strong with thin fertile duty Shi Weizhu；Nursery is paid attention to simultaneously
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control weeds with a hoe in time, promotes the tachyauxesis of nursery stock.
Embodiment 3
(1) nursery orchard establishment and management:
(1) nursery lot selects: selecting flat topography, fertile soil, the soil of draining well, leeward on the sunny side as nursery
Ground avoids low-lying and ponding location, and the soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and the seedbed choosing of sowing is rich in the soil of organic matter, whole
It applies based on well-rotted farmyard manure on ground；
(2) site preparation, fertilising and make bed: complete cultivation soil 30cm before planting picks up stone cleaning, sundries etc., then rakes；It is whole
Base fertilizer is applied behind ground, based on well-rotted farmyard manure；The high 25cm in seedbed, wide 120cm, length is depending on landform, the wide 30cm of pavement；
(2) rootstock seedling is bred:
(1) seed treatment: 100 fresh, no disease and pests harm, mature and plump avocado seeds of selection, cleaned after harvesting,
Immersion, soaked seed 1h using 1% liquor potassic permanganate, a stripping kind skin, then naturally dry；
(2) vernalization: vernalization is carried out using the method for sand bed vernalization, sand bed selection of land gesture is flat, draining is unobstructed, ventilation illumination item
Part is good, nearly nursery lot, and with the thin river sand of partial size 0.5mm~3.0mm, surrounding is surrounded with brick or plank, the high 20cm of sand bed, width
120cm, length 10m；
(3) sow: by seed point upward when sowing, seed had just been covered with sandy soil to be advisable；Seed spacing is 3cm, Gai Sha
One layer of straw of lid again above afterwards after abundant water drenching, is put at ventilation concealment, with sharp germination；
(4) transplant seedlings: avocado seed after planting 40d~50d, young root have a nutrient ability that absorbs, young shoot be unearthed high 5cm~
10cm, and when cotyledon is not yet unfolded, is transplanted, and moisture is first watered with before transplanting, to protect seedlings root；Use length for
15cm × 20cm × 25cm perforated plastic bag is packed；
(5) it is managed after transplanting seedlings:
A. it waters: being watered with root water after transplanting in time, and pay attention to covering, the seedling growth later period controls irrigation amount；
B. it fills the gaps with seedlings: checking survival rate after 15d, benefit cultivation is carried out to the seedling not survived；
C. weeding: monthly loosening the soil 1 time, timely weeding, by the way of artificial weeding, grasps and removes early, except original that is small, eliminating
Then；
D. apply fertilizer: growth of seedling thin nitrogen fertilizer application early period, later period spray blade face potash fertilizer；
(3) scion selects:
(1) scion is picked: selection resistance, robust growth, and the excellent variety of no disease and pests harm is as mother plant for cutting, acquisition tree
Hat periphery is healthy and strong, internode is short, raw semi-lignified branch of the full stalwartness of bud current year；
(2) scion is handled: long branch being cut into segment, guarantees that 2~4 full bud points are stayed in every section of scion, in bud point
It holds and is cut at 0.5cm；
(4) engrafting method:
(1) cut anvil wood: when nursery stock stem thickness is in 1.5cm~2.0cm i.e. grafting, the truncation at the liftoff 20cm of stock, in section
A lateral edge forming layer cut 4cm vertically downward；
(2) it cuts scion: first first cutting the long bevel of a long 3cm in the lower part of scion with grafting knife, guarantee that bevel is straight；?
The small bevel of a long 1.0cm is cut on the opposite of bevel, keeps lower end slightly sharp；
(3) it grafts: using whip grafting cut-grafting mode, grafting time is in the first tenday period of a month in May, first by scion inclined-plane in 200mg/L
Indolebutyric acid sodium is quickly dipped once, and then by the notch of scion inclined-plane insertion stock, long bevel is inside, and at least makes cambial
Side alignment；Using long 30cm, the plastic film tape of wide 1.5cm is tightened from bottom to top centered on graft union, obturages grafting
Mouthful, leak out bud eye；
(5) managing after grafting:
(1) it removes and sprouts: carrying out weekly once except rudiment, to remove the tiller bud grown on stock；
(2) it checks survival rate: after grafting 35 days, checking survival rate, such as scion viridescent, fresh and tender bud eye is to survive；Do not have such as
It survives, carries out benefit in time and connect；
(3) it unbinds: when grafting part heals completely, after young sprout is aging, releasing binding strip；
(4) cut anvil: scion young sprout is long to 10cm~15cm, cuts extra stock, section at 0.5cm above the graft union
It in 45 degree, is tilted to budding panel other side, notch is smooth, and anti-accumulated water rots, and avoids and injure graft union；
(5) water, fertilizer management: should suitably cover after grafting, and dry weather will drench with rain moisturizing in time, in order to avoid cause scion water shortage
It is withered or even dead；It applies fertilizer after unbundlings, the decomposed fertilizer of application early period, human and animal excreta or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, later period apply nitrogen, potassium
Fertilizer, ventilation wet with soil conservation are advisable, and fertilising promotes nursery stock stalk healthy and strong with thin fertile duty Shi Weizhu；Nursery is paid attention to simultaneously
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control weeds with a hoe in time, promotes the tachyauxesis of nursery stock.
Embodiment 4
Pulp is removed after harvesting, kind skin does not peel off, and is stored in the suitable river sand of epidemic disaster after cleaning, pays attention to not making to plant
Son is dry, cleaned, impregnated again after saving 20 days, shelling kind of a skin, sterilized and etc., remaining step is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
Pulp is removed after harvesting, kind skin does not peel off, is stored in semi-moist coco bran after cleaning, pays attention to not making seed drying,
Cleaned, impregnated again after saving 40 days, shelling kind of a skin, sterilized and etc., remaining step is same as Example 1.
Comparative test
Comparative example 1
In the breeding of step (2) rootstock seedling, avocado seed disinfection does not use any medicament, directly impregnates 3h with clear water, so
Naturally dry afterwards, remaining step are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
In step (4) engrafting method, scion is inserted directly into the notch of stock, not in indolebutyric acid sodium solution into
Scanning frequency dips in processing, remaining step is same as Example 1.
| Seed germinating time (day) | Percentage of seedgermination (%) | Graft survival rate (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 38 | 93% | 93.2% |
| Embodiment 2 | 44 | 90% | 90.5% |
| Embodiment 3 | 48 | 87% | 87.7% |
| Embodiment 4 | 58 | 83% | 78.4% |
| Embodiment 5 | 67 | 75% | 68.2% |
| Comparative example 1 | 50 | 71% | 82.3% |
| Comparative example 2 | 41 | 90% | 72.6% |
Influence of the different embodiments of table 1 to avocado graft seedling growth
It is compared from table 1 it is found that embodiment 1 is after potassium permanganate handles avocado seed compared with comparative example 1, hence it is evident that contracting
Short seed germinating time is advanced by 12 days, meanwhile, percentage of seedgermination is improved, 1 percentage of seedgermination of embodiment reaches 93%；
Compare from table 1 it is found that compared with comparative example 2, in 1 grafting procedures of embodiment scion in indolebutyric acid sodium solution into
Scanning frequency, which is dipped in, to be handled, and graft survival rate significantly improves, and graft survival rate is up to 93.2%；
Avocado graft seedling growth technology of the invention can sufficiently shorten growing-seedling period, simplify mating system, improve nursery stock matter
Amount increases graft survival rate, reduces a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology of economic cost.
Above embodiments are only the more representational examples of the present invention.Obviously, technical solution of the present invention is not limited to
Embodiment is stated, acceptable there are many deformations.Those skilled in the art can directly be exported from present disclosure or
All deformations associated, are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology, which comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery orchard establishment and management:
(1) nursery lot selects: selecting flat topography, fertile soil, the soil of draining well, leeward on the sunny side as nursery lot, keeps away
Exempt from low-lying and ponding location, the soil texture is loam or sandy loam；
(2) site preparation, fertilising and make bed: complete cultivation soil 25cm~30cm before planting picks up stone cleaning, sundries etc., then rakes；
Base fertilizer is applied after site preparation, based on well-rotted farmyard manure；High 20cm~the 25cm in seedbed, wide 80cm~120cm, length according to landform and
It is fixed, the wide 30cm of pavement；
(2) rootstock seedling is bred:
(1) seed treatment: selection fresh, no disease and pests harm, mature and plump avocado seed is cleaned after harvesting, is sterilized, is soaked
Bubble, stripping kind skin；
(2) vernalization vernalization: is carried out using the method for sand bed vernalization；
(3) sow: by seed point upward when sowing, seed had just been covered with sandy soil to be advisable；Seed spacing is 2cm~3cm, Gai Sha
One layer of straw of lid again above afterwards after abundant water drenching, is put at ventilation concealment, with sharp germination；
(4) transplant seedlings: avocado seed after planting 40d~50d, young root have a nutrient ability that absorbs, and young shoot is unearthed high 5cm~10cm,
And cotyledon is transplanted when being not yet unfolded, and moisture is first watered with before transplanting, to protect seedlings root；Use length for 15cm ×
The perforated plastic bag or non-woven bag of 20cm × 25cm is packed；
(5) it is managed after transplanting seedlings:
A. it waters: being watered with root water after transplanting in time, and pay attention to covering, the seedling growth later period controls irrigation amount；
B. it fills the gaps with seedlings: checking survival rate after 10d~15d, benefit cultivation is carried out to the seedling not survived；
C. weeding: monthly loosening the soil 1 time, timely weeding, by the way of artificial weeding, grasps and removes early, except principle that is small, eliminating；
D. apply fertilizer: growth of seedling thin nitrogen fertilizer application early period, later period can spray blade face potash fertilizer；
(3) scion selects:
(1) scion is picked: selection resistance, robust growth, and the excellent variety of no disease and pests harm acquires outside tree crown as mother plant for cutting
Enclose that healthy and strong, internode is short, full stalwartness of bud current year gives birth to semi-lignified branch；
(2) scion is handled: long branch being cut into segment, guarantees that 2~4 full bud points are stayed in every section of scion, in bud point upper end
It is cut at 0.5cm；
(4) engrafting method:
(1) cut anvil wood: when nursery stock stem thickness in 1.5cm~2.0cm i.e. graftable, the truncation at the liftoff 15cm~20cm of stock,
One lateral edge forming layer of section cuts 2cm~4cm vertically downward；
(2) it cuts scion: first first cutting the long bevel of a long 2cm~3cm in the lower part of scion with grafting knife, guarantee that bevel is straight；
The small bevel of a long 0.5cm~1.0cm is cut on the opposite of bevel, keeps lower end slightly sharp；
(3) graft: by the notch of scion inclined-plane insertion stock, long bevel is inside, and is at least aligned cambial side；It adopts
With long 25cm~30cm, the plastic film tape of wide 1cm~1.5cm is tightened from bottom to top centered on graft union, obturages grafting
Mouthful, leak out bud eye；
(5) managing after grafting:
(1) remove and sprout: timing removes the tiller bud grown on stock；
(2) it checks survival rate: after grafting 25~35 days, can check survival rate, such as scion viridescent, fresh and tender bud eye is to survive；
If do not survived, benefit can be carried out in time and is connect；
(3) it unbinds: when grafting part heals completely, after young sprout is aging, binding strip can be released；
(4) cut anvil: scion young sprout is long to 10cm~15cm, cuts extra stock at 0.5cm above the graft union, section is in 45
Degree is tilted to budding panel other side, and notch is smooth, and anti-accumulated water rots, and avoids and injure graft union；
(5) water, fertilizer management: should suitably cover after grafting, and dry weather will drench with rain moisturizing in time, in order to avoid cause scion water shortage dry
It is withered or even dead；It can apply fertilizer after unbundlings, the decomposed fertilizer of application early period, human and animal excreta or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, later period apply nitrogen, potassium
Fertilizer promotes nursery stock stalk healthy and strong；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control for paying attention to nursery simultaneously, weeds with a hoe in time, promotes the tachyauxesis of nursery stock.
2. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1) nursery orchard establishment with
In management, the seedbed choosing of sowing is rich in the soil of organic matter, and fertilising is based on well-rotted farmyard manure after site preparation.
3. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the disinfection of seed in the step (2)
Method is the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1h using 0.5~1%, shells kind of a skin, then naturally dry.
4. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), after fruit picking not
When energy sowing in time, pulp should be first removed, kind skin does not peel off, in order to avoid seed is withered, the suitable river of epidemic disaster is stored in after cleaning
In husky or semi-moist coco bran, pay attention to not making seed drying.
5. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sand bed vernalization in the step (2)
Specific processing mode is: sand bed selection of land gesture is flat, draining is unobstructed, ventilation illumination condition is good, nearly nursery lot, with partial size 0.5mm~
The thin river sand of 3.0mm, surrounding are surrounded with brick or plank, the high 20cm of sand bed, width 120cm, depending on length is because of demand.
6. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grafting in the step (4) is
Using whip grafting cut-grafting mode, grafting time is in late March to the first tenday period of a month in May.
7. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that (3) grafting in the step (4),
Be it is first that scion inclined-plane is quickly dipped once in 50~200mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium, be inserted into the notch of stock.
8. avocado graft seedling growth technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the timing in the step (5) removes
The tiller bud grown on stock is carried out weekly once except rudiment.
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| CN111543197A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-18 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Cultivation method of clone avocado seedlings |
| CN114175933A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-15 | 云南省林木种苗工作总站(云南省林木种苗花卉产品质量监督检验站) | Grafting method for shea oleifera |
| CN114766219A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-22 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Method for grafting Chinese gooseberry in dry and hot valley climate in Panxi region |
| CN114793531A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method |
| CN118489545A (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-08-16 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling raising method for improving quality of avocado grafted seedlings and application of seedling raising method |
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| CN114175933A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-15 | 云南省林木种苗工作总站(云南省林木种苗花卉产品质量监督检验站) | Grafting method for shea oleifera |
| CN114766219A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-22 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Method for grafting Chinese gooseberry in dry and hot valley climate in Panxi region |
| CN114793531A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method |
| CN118489545A (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-08-16 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling raising method for improving quality of avocado grafted seedlings and application of seedling raising method |
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