CN114793531A - Root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method - Google Patents
Root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793531A CN114793531A CN202210506347.8A CN202210506347A CN114793531A CN 114793531 A CN114793531 A CN 114793531A CN 202210506347 A CN202210506347 A CN 202210506347A CN 114793531 A CN114793531 A CN 114793531A
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- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps: 1) selecting seeds of the Crataegus japonicas avocado as stock seed materials, cleaning, peeling, and sterilizing before being loaded on a sand bed; 2) adopting a sand bed for accelerating germination, placing the treated healthy avocado seeds on the sand bed at intervals, enabling the tips of the seeds to face upwards, covering with sand, and watering with enough water; 3) filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into a seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition moisturizing layer, and the upper layer is a breathable anticorrosive layer; 4) when the height of the stem bud of the avocado on the sand bed is 6-12 cm and the seedling emergence is relatively regular, lifting and transplanting the seedling, transplanting the seedling to a seedling cup by adopting exposed seeds, placing the seeds in a breathable anticorrosive layer, placing the root in a nutrition moisture-preserving layer, and immediately spraying planting water after transplanting; 5) managing after transplanting: controlling water properly, spraying foliage fertilizer and sterilizing mixed liquid. The method for cultivating the avocado stock increases the air permeability of the avocado seedling substrate, cuts off the root rot source of the seedling, effectively plays the role of seed nucleus nutrient supply and basically solves the problem of the root rot of the avocado in the seedling stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seedling breeding and plant disease control, and particularly relates to a root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method.
Background
Avocado (Persea americana Mill), commonly known as avocado, is a plant of the genus avocado of the family Lauraceae, and has a large consumption space in our and international fruit markets because of its high energy and low sugar pulp, rich mineral elements, and strong nut flavor, which has been regarded as a high-end health fruit. The introduction and cultivation of the avocados in China has been carried out for more than 100 years, although the planting area and the yield in China are steadily increased by 4.56 percent and 3.03 percent in years during 2017 in 2007-reservoir, the total scale is still small, and the market demand depends on import. The bottleneck for restricting the development of the domestic avocado industry mainly comes from the fact that the avocado industry is easy to be infected with root rot, and the risk is high during seedling culture and even after planting. The huge seed kernels of the avocados are rich in nutrition and can provide a large amount of nutrients for the growth of seedlings, but the moisture, soluble sugar and crude fat content of the seed kernels are very high, and the seed kernels are easily damaged by insects and microorganisms if stored in a container seedling raising cup with poor air permeability for a long time, so that root rot is caused. But the prior art lacks a prevention and treatment technology and seriously influences the popularization and planting condition.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for cultivating avocado seedlings to prevent root rot, so as to improve the quality of the seedlings and reduce the risk of disease after planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for cultivating the root rot-proof avocado stock, which can effectively play the role of supplying seed nucleus nutrients, improve the quality of root systems and nursery stocks of avocado seedlings when the avocado seedlings are out of nursery gardens and reduce the occurrence of the root rot of the nursery stocks by increasing the air permeability of a seedling culture substrate and cutting off the root rot sources of the avocado seedlings.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps:
selecting and treating rootstock seed materials: cleaning the collected healthy avocado seeds, soaking in clear water, peeling, and sterilizing before being put on a sand bed;
(II) accelerating germination and sowing: adopting a sand bed for accelerating germination, using carbendazim to kill the sand bed 24 hours before sowing, placing the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (I) on the sand bed at intervals, enabling the tips of the seeds to face upwards, and watering enough water after covering sandy soil;
(III) cup filling of the substrate in layers: filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into a seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition moisturizing layer, and the upper layer is a breathable anticorrosive layer;
(IV) lifting and transplanting seedlings: when the height of the stem bud of the avocado on the sand bed is 6-12 cm and the seedling emergence is relatively regular, lifting and transplanting the seedlings, transferring the seedlings into a seedling cup in the step (III), adopting nucleus exposure transplanting, placing the seed nucleus in a breathable anticorrosive layer, placing the root system in a nutrition moisture-preserving layer, and immediately spraying field planting water after transplanting;
and (V) management after transplanting:
(1) controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dry, and preferably completely watering;
(2) and (3) top dressing on leaf surfaces: when young leaves grow to 5-7 leaves, preparing a foliar fertilizer and a sterilization mixed solution for spraying, and spraying once every 10 days;
(3) filling the matrix: when the nursery stock grows in the cup for 4-6 months, adding light matrix to the mouth of the nursery stock cup to completely cover the seed nucleus so as to prevent the nursery stock from falling off easily when being out of the nursery.
In the step (I), the avocado seeds are the seeds of the Critical Mura avocado.
In the step (I), the time for soaking in clear water is not less than 24 h; before the avocado seeds are put in a sand bed, the avocado seeds are soaked in a low-concentration potassium permanganate solution for 5 to 10 minutes.
In the step (II), the thickness of the sand coverage is not more than 2 cm.
In the step (III), the breathable anticorrosive layer is a seedling growing light matrix, the content of organic matters in the light matrix is more than or equal to 50%, and the pH value of the light matrix is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition moisturizing layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite.
In the step (IV), the transplanting is carried out by adopting the nucleus-exposing transplanting, namely, the upper section with the length of the seed nucleus of 1/5-1/4 is exposed out of the surface of the seedling substrate, and the substrate surface around the seed nucleus is slightly higher, so as to increase the air permeability and keep the seed nucleus dry and comfortable.
In the step (V), the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution comprises the following steps: 18ml of hymexazol, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the bactericide.
The method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the avocado seedling culture medium is designed in a layered manner, and the kernel exposure transplantation is combined, so that the nutrition requirement for the growth of the root system in the avocado seedling stage is met, the air permeability and the dryness of the medium layer where the seed kernel is located are greatly improved, the growth of anaerobic bacteria is inhibited, the source for rotting the seed kernel is cut off, and the purpose of continuously supplying nutrition for the growth of the root system by the seed kernel is achieved, so that the quality of the root system and the nursery stock when the avocado seedlings are out of the nursery is improved, and the occurrence of seedling root rot is reduced.
(2) The stock seedlings of the avocados cultivated by the method have the outplanting rate of over 96 percent, the average seedling height of half-year seedlings is 46.5cm, the average ground diameter is 7.3mm, the main roots are thick and strong, the lateral roots are rich, and the occurrence of root rot in the seedling stage is effectively avoided. The grafting survival rate of the small seedlings of the avocado stock seedlings cultivated by the method can reach more than 95.8 percent, and the nursery land fixed stock planting survival rate is more than 94.6 percent.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, and the method of the present invention is illustrated with reference to examples.
The invention discloses a root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps:
selecting and treating rootstock seed materials: cleaning collected Crataegus healthy avocado seeds, soaking in clear water for at least 24h, peeling, soaking in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 min before sand bed, and sterilizing.
(II) accelerating germination and sowing: and (2) adopting a sand bed for accelerating germination, using carbendazim to kill the sand bed 24 hours before sowing, placing the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (I) on the sand bed, enabling tips of the avocado seeds to face upwards, sequentially placing the avocado seeds at proper intervals, then covering sand soil, and then pouring enough water, wherein the thickness covered by the sand soil is not more than 2cm, so that stem buds are thicker.
(III) cup filling of the substrate in layers: preparing a black seedling raising cup, wherein the cup mouth width is 15cm, the cup height is 20cm, the seedling raising substrates are filled in two layers, the lower layer is a nutrition moisture preservation layer, the filling height is 10 cm-12 cm, the upper layer is a breathable anti-corrosion layer, and the filling height is 8 cm-10 cm.
(IV) lifting and transplanting seedlings: and (3) when the stem bud height of the avocado grows to 6-12 cm and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, lifting and transplanting the avocado, transferring the avocado into a seedling cup in the step (three), placing the root system of the avocado in a nutrition moisture preservation layer to facilitate rooting and moisture preservation, placing the seed core in a breathable anticorrosive layer to facilitate dry and corrosion prevention, exposing the upper section with the seed core length of 1/4-1/5 on the surface of the substrate, slightly raising the surface of the substrate around the seed core to increase air permeability, keeping the seed core dry and comfortable, and immediately spraying planting water after transplanting.
And (V) management after transplanting:
(1) controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dry, and preferably completely watering;
(2) and (3) top dressing on leaf surfaces: when 5-7 leaves grow, spraying the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution once every 10 days;
(3) filling the matrix: when the nursery stock grows for 4-6 months in the cup, the light matrix is added to the mouth of the nursery stock cup to completely cover the seed nucleus so as to prevent the nursery stock from easily falling off when the nursery stock is out of the nursery.
The seedling light substrate is a seedling light substrate in the prior art, wherein the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50%, and the pH value of the seedling light substrate is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition moisturizing layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution comprises the following steps: 18ml of hymexazol, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the bactericide.
The following are specific examples of the method of the present invention:
example 1, the procedure was as follows:
1. selecting and treating stock seed materials: cleaning collected Crataegus oil pear seeds (the fresh weight of seeds is 127.3 g-170.9 g), soaking in clear water for 24h, removing seed coats, soaking in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 min, and sowing.
2. And (3) sand bed germination acceleration: and (3) using a carbendazim sand-killing bed 24 hours before sowing, wherein the tips of the avocado seeds are upward, the avocado seeds are sequentially placed at proper intervals, and water is sufficiently poured after covering sandy soil.
3. Layering and cup filling of the matrix: the mouth width of a black seedling-raising bag is 15cm, the cup height is 20cm, seedling-raising substrates are filled in two layers, and a lower nutrition moisture-preserving layer (1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite) is filled in 12 cm; the upper layer of the breathable anticorrosive layer (all light substrates) is filled by 8 cm.
4. And (4) nucleus exposure transplanting: when the stem bud grows to 6-12 cm in height and the seedlings emerge relatively regularly, the seedlings are lifted and transplanted, the seeds are transplanted by adopting exposed seeds, the seeds are placed in the breathable anticorrosive layer, the root system is placed in the nutritional moisture-preserving layer, the upper section with the length of 1/4 of the seeds is exposed out of the surface of the matrix, the surface of the matrix around the seeds is slightly higher so as to increase the breathability, the seeds are kept dry and comfortable, and the planting water is immediately sprayed after the seeds are placed in a cup.
5. Managing after transplanting:
(1) controlling water: watering when the surface of the substrate is obviously dry until the substrate is completely watered;
(2) and (3) top dressing on leaf surfaces: when 5-7 leaves grow, 18ml of hymexazol, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare a foliar fertilizer and sterilization mixed solution to spray the nursery stock once every 10 days.
(3) Filling the matrix: when the seedling grows for about 5 months in the cup and the seed core is high in lignification, the light matrix is added to the mouth of the seedling cup to completely cover the seed core so as to prevent the seedling from easily falling out when the seedling leaves the nursery.
Example 2, the procedure was as follows:
1. selecting and treating stock seed materials: the collected seeds (the fresh weight of seeds is 41.6 g-55.0 g) of the Crataegus series avocado are cleaned, soaked in clear water for 26 hours, the seed coats are removed, and soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes for sowing.
2. And (3) sand bed germination acceleration: and (3) using a carbendazim sand-killing bed 24 hours before sowing, wherein the tips of the avocado seeds are upward, the avocado seeds are sequentially placed at proper intervals, and water is sufficiently poured after covering sandy soil.
3. Layering and cup filling of the matrix: the mouth width of a black seedling-raising bag is 15cm, the cup height is 20cm, seedling-raising substrates are filled in two layers, and a lower nutrition moisture-preserving layer (1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite) is filled in 10 cm; the upper layer of the breathable anticorrosive layer (all light substrates) is filled by 10 cm.
4. Lifting and transplanting seedlings: when the stem bud grows to 6-12 cm in height and the seedlings emerge relatively regularly, lifting and transplanting, placing the seed nucleus in a breathable anticorrosive layer, placing the root system in a nutrition moisture preservation layer, exposing the upper section with the seed nucleus length of 1/5 out of the surface of the substrate, slightly raising the surface of the substrate around the seed nucleus to increase breathability, keeping the seed nucleus dry and comfortable, and immediately spraying planting water after the seed nucleus is placed in a cup.
5. Managing after transplanting:
(1) controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dry until the matrix is completely watered;
(2) and (3) top dressing on leaf surfaces: when 5 to 7 young leaves grow, 18ml of hymexazol-methyl, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare a foliar fertilizer and sterilization mixed solution to spray the nursery stock once every 10 days.
(3) Filling the matrix: when the seedling grows for about 4 months in the cup and the seed core is highly lignified, the light matrix is added to the mouth of the seedling cup to completely cover the seed core so as to prevent the seedling from easily falling out when the seedling leaves the nursery.
Comparative example 1
When the comparative example is implemented, the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of peat soil, 4 parts of yellow core soil and 3 parts of light matrix, uniformly mixing, filling (not layering), and completely burying the seed core during transplanting. The remaining procedure was as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
When the comparative example is implemented, the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite, uniformly mixing, filling (without layering), and completely burying seeds during transplanting. The remaining procedure was as in example 1.
The test results of the seedling raising examples of the present invention and the comparative examples are as follows:
as can be seen from the data in the table, in the cultivation process of the avocado stock seedlings, the ventilation degree of the seedling substrate has important influence on the growth of the seedlings and the occurrence of root rot. The invention can meet the nutrition requirement of the growth of the root system of the avocado seedling stage by carrying out the layered design on the avocado seedling medium and combining the transplanting with the exposed nucleus, greatly improves the air permeability and the dryness of the medium layer where the seed nucleus is positioned, inhibits the growth of anaerobic bacteria, cuts off the source of the seed nucleus decay, achieves the purpose of continuously supplying nutrition for the growth of the root system by the seed nucleus, and further improves the quality of the root system and the nursery stock of the avocado seedling when the avocado seedling leaves the nursery.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A root rot preventing avocado stock cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
selecting and treating rootstock seed materials: cleaning the collected healthy avocado seeds, soaking in clear water, peeling, and sterilizing before being put on a sand bed;
(II) accelerating germination and sowing: adopting a sand bed for accelerating germination, using carbendazim to kill the sand bed 24 hours before sowing, placing the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (I) on the sand bed at intervals, enabling the tips of the seeds to face upwards, and watering enough water after covering sandy soil;
(III) cup filling of the substrate in layers: filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into a seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition moisturizing layer, and the upper layer is a breathable anticorrosive layer;
(IV) lifting and transplanting seedlings: when the height of the stem bud of the avocado on the sand bed is 6-12 cm and the seedling emergence is relatively regular, lifting and transplanting the seedlings, transferring the seedlings into a seedling cup in the step (III), adopting nucleus exposure transplanting, placing the seed nucleus in a breathable anticorrosive layer, placing the root system in a nutrition moisture-preserving layer, and immediately spraying field planting water after transplanting;
and (V) management after transplanting:
(1) controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dry, and preferably completely watering;
(2) and (3) top dressing on leaf surfaces: when 5-7 leaves grow, spraying the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution once every 10 days;
(3) filling the matrix: when the nursery stock grows in the cup for 4-6 months, adding light matrix to the mouth of the nursery stock cup to completely cover the seed nucleus so as to prevent the nursery stock from falling off easily when being out of the nursery.
2. The cultivation method of the root rot resistant avocado rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (one), the avocado seeds are guatemalan avocado seeds.
3. The method for cultivating root rot resistant avocado rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein in the step (one), the soaking time in clear water is not less than 24 hours; soaking the sand bed in low concentration potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 min.
4. The method for cultivating root rot resistant avocado rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the thickness covered by sandy soil is not more than 2 cm.
5. The method for cultivating root rot resistant avocado rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the breathable anticorrosive layer is a seedling light substrate, the content of organic matters in the light substrate is more than or equal to 50%, and the pH value of the light substrate is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition moisturizing layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite.
6. The cultivation method of the root rot resistant avocado rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the transplanting is performed by using exposed kernels, namely, the upper section with the length of the seed kernel of 1/5-1/4 is exposed out of the surface of the seedling substrate, and the surface of the substrate around the seed kernel is slightly higher, so that the air permeability is increased, and the seed kernel is kept dry and comfortable.
7. The root rot prevention avocado stock cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution is as follows: 18ml of hymexazol, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the bactericide.
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Application publication date: 20220729 Assignee: Guangxi Shengjin Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2023980045763 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Rootstock of Oil Pear to Prevent Root Rot Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |
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