CN110383992B - Method for plant division propagation of nelumbo nucifera - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a division propagation method of Adiantum didatus, belonging to the technical field of forest breeding. By adopting the method for cultivating the neostigotis lotus leaf division propagation technology provided by the invention, the transplanting survival rate is high, the seedling forming speed is high, the production cost can be reduced, and the method has important significance for protecting rare or endangered species in China.

Description

Method for plant division propagation of nelumbo nucifera

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forest breeding, in particular to a method for separate propagation of Adiantum didatus.

Background

Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo biflora, is a unique species of China under the genus Adenophora of the family Adenophoraceae. Is only distributed in the three gorges of the Yangtze river in China, and has the altitude of 80-430 m. The rhizome of the nelumbo nucifera is short and upright, the single leaf is clustered, the leaf is kidney-shaped, the leaf stalk is bright black, and the lotus leaf is small and unique and can be viewed; also has important medicinal value and has better curative effect on diseases such as icterohepatitis, urinary system infection, tympanitis and the like. However, the natural reproductive capacity of the nelumbo nucifera is weak, the number of the nelumbo nucifera is rare, the origin place below the elevation of 175m after the construction of the three gorges project is submerged, the survival environment of the nelumbo nucifera is seriously threatened due to the influence of people such as immigration activities and the like. Now, the method is used for protecting wild plants at the first grade of the country and rare or endangered plants at the second grade of the country.

At present, the domestic Adiantum didatus is mainly bred by two breeding methods of tissue culture and spore sowing, and technical data about the division breeding of the Adiantum didatus is not available. Populus aizoon inoculates spores to an induction culture medium in a test (patent name, establishment method application number CN201510087219.4 of an isolated regeneration system of Adiantum Nelumbricus), 80-100 days are needed for the spores to germinate into prothallium, and the first enrichment culture is carried out for about 60 days for the second enrichment culture; xuhui plant et al (spore propagation of the rare specialty plant Adiantum Nelumbricus in the three gorges reservoir region, Yangtze river basin resources and environment, vol.7, vol.8, 1998, page 237-; huang Fang et al (tissue culture and rapid propagation of Adiantum Nelumbo, plant physiology report, No. 44, second phase 2008, second phase 307-.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for the division propagation of the adiantum lotus leaves, which can culture the potted adiantum lotus leaves with ornamental value only in 60 days, overcomes the difficulty of long seedling emergence time in the prior art, effectively improves the transplanting survival rate of a propagule to 96 percent, shortens the culture time by nearly 50 days compared with the seeding of human spores such as slow and favorable plants and the like, and has great guiding significance for the propagation expansion and yield improvement of the adiantum lotus leaves.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for the division propagation of Adiantum didatus comprises the following steps:

s1: plant division: dividing the lotus leaf Adiantum at the initial stage of new bud germination;

s2: sterilizing the substrate and the basin;

s3: building an arched shed in the greenhouse:

s4: and (3) processing propagules:

s5: managing after transplanting;

completing the division propagation of the nelumbo nucifera gaertn.

Preferably, the matrix used in step S2 is divided into a mixed matrix i and a mixed matrix ii, and each of the mixed matrix i and the mixed matrix ii comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250 portions of river sand and 350 portions of sawdust and 90 to 110 portions of sawdust; and (3) mixing a matrix II: 350 parts of peat 250-plus, 90-110 parts of coal ball slag, 45-55 parts of river sand and 90-110 parts of cake fertilizer slag.

Preferably, the substrate sterilization processing method of step S2 is: spraying 800 times of diluted solution of potassium permanganate and 500 times of diluted solution of cypermethrin to the substrate for uniformly stirring in sunny days, sealing the substrate by using a film, placing the substrate in the sun for insolation for 2 days, and turning the substrate in time after the medicine flavor is dispersed completely in the open state for use; the method for disinfecting the basin comprises the following steps: soaking a plastic basin with the specification of 90cm and 130cm in a solution of 800-1000 times potassium permanganate for 22-26h, cleaning, and airing for later use.

Preferably, the method for constructing the arch shed in step S3 includes: an arched shed with the height of 1m is built on a greenhouse seedbed, a layer of black mulching film is laid below the arched shed, a layer of white film is laid above the arched shed, a sunshade net with the shading rate of 45% -75% is further laid on the arched shed, two pots of clean water are placed at two ends of the arched shed, and the arched shed is replaced periodically.

Preferably, the processing method of the propagule in the step S4 is as follows: dividing the selected plants into at least 3-5 single seedlings with original soil in each cluster.

Preferably, the step S4 mixed solution is: the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 0.05-1.15g/L of chlorothalonil respectively, or the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5mg/L of ABT double-gill rooting powder and 0.05-1.15g/L of chlorothalonil respectively.

Preferably, the method for planting the medium in the step S4 includes planting the medium in a small pot filled with the sterilized mixed medium i, planting the medium in a large pot filled with the sterilized mixed medium ii when new roots of the propagules grow out and are not scattered, taking out the small seedlings full of roots, transplanting the small seedlings into the middle of the pot, filling the mixed medium ii around the small seedlings, compacting the small seedlings, enabling the small seedlings to be parallel to the base of the seedlings, and placing the small seedlings in a built arched shed.

Further preferably, the aperture of the small basin is 85-95cm, and the aperture of the large basin is 125-135 cm.

Still further preferably, the caliber of the small pot is 90cm, and the caliber of the large pot is 120 cm.

Preferably, the step S5 is a post-transplant management method: spraying ground water in time in the first two weeks after transplanting, increasing humidity, keeping the interior of the pot moist, keeping the indoor humidity above 65%, watering the roots with 0.5-1.5mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5-1.5mg/LABT mixed solution once every week at the temperature of 18-25 ℃, unfolding the sunshade net in the daytime in sunny days, folding at night, watering the roots with 8-12mg/L water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-25:5-15:15-25 in the later period, gradually removing the sunshade net, and reducing watering times.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. after the substrate and the basin are disinfected by medicament, high-temperature exposure and the propagules are disinfected, the growth failure and the death rate caused by mixed bacteria are greatly reduced.

2. By building a small arched shed in the greenhouse, the culture environment is improved, the seedling rate is effectively improved from 74 percent to 92 percent.

3. By changing the original matrix and planting the seedlings into the mixed matrix I, new roots grow out only in 30-40 days, and the new roots are about 10 days earlier than the new roots directly planted into the mixed matrix II. The river sand in the mixed matrix I is a matrix suitable for plant rooting, leaf surface water needs to be sprayed frequently in the early stage, the river sand is good in water permeability and not easy to harden, saw dust is good in loose air permeability, a certain warming effect is achieved, the mixed matrix I and the mixed matrix II are good for root formation, but nutrition in the later stage is insufficient, peat and cake fertilizer residues in the mixed matrix II are rich in nutrition and contain high organic matters, humic acid and nutritional ingredients, the mixed matrix I is planted firstly and then transplanted into the mixed matrix II, rooting time can be shortened to a certain extent, and nutrition can be provided timely to enable the mixed matrix I to grow normally.

4. The invention effectively improves the survival rate by processing the propagules before transplantation and managing the propagules after transplantation, the survival rate is improved to 96 percent from 82 percent without processing, the culture time is also slowly Hui strain and the like, the time from the spore sowing to the occurrence of the first sporophyte seedling is shortened by about 50 days from 110 days, and the invention has great guiding significance for the propagation expansion and the yield improvement of the adiantum lotus leaf.

5. The seedlings cultivated by the method can be propagated by plants again in a greenhouse in autumn of the year, and a propagation mode is added for propagation of the Adiantum Nees.

6. The peat is light in weight, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, beneficial to microbial activity, enhanced in biological performance, rich in nutrition, and contains high organic matters, humic acid and nutrient components. The coal ball slag has good air permeability and is very loose, the river sand can adjust the permeability, no water is accumulated, the cake fertilizer slag can reduce the pH value of the soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, promote the conversion and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and improve the soil environment.

7. The potassium permanganate has the functions of sterilization, disinfection and corrosion prevention, and the potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the substrate and sealed by a film for a period of time for use. Can effectively prevent various diseases of plants caused by bacteria or fungi in soil and pots, and the cypermethrin pesticide is used for preventing insect pests caused by cake manure residues.

8. The purpose of building the arched shed in the greenhouse is to increase the temperature and humidity, the temperature of a general plant rooting ground (namely the temperature of a substrate) is most suitable about 25 ℃, a layer of ground is paved at the bottom for better temperature increase, the average temperature of the substrate with the ground is 23 ℃, the average temperature of the substrate without the ground is 21.5 ℃ after measurement, meanwhile, the humidity requirement of the adiantum fern is higher, the humidity in the greenhouse needs to be increased by spraying ground water, if the ground is paved on the ground, the ground can be in a wet state for a long time, and the substrate can absorb the moisture of the ground to cause seedling rot or other germs to grow until death.

9. The Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn plant is dense-hemp, if the Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is divided into single plants during division, new roots which just grow out are easily damaged, and each cluster of at least 3-5 single seedlings have original soil, so that the damage to the roots in the operation can be reduced, and the survival rate can be improved.

10. The ABT double-Gele rooting powder is a novel, non-toxic, efficient and broad-spectrum plant rooting promoter, can supplement exogenous auxin required by plant rooting and promote the synthesis of endogenous auxin, and can differentiate meristematic cells of adventitious roots to form cluster-shaped explosive rooting. In the seedling transplanting process, the recovery of injured root systems is promoted, chlorothalonil is a broad-spectrum bactericide and can prevent multiple diseases, two medicaments are respectively mixed with chlorothalonil for use, the two medicaments are fully absorbed by plants, if naphthylacetic acid, ABT and chlorothalonil are separately soaked, no matter which one is soaked firstly, the medicament soaked firstly can be absorbed and saturated, and the latter cannot be completely absorbed, so that the effect of the bactericide is exerted.

11. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote the root system and the branch to be sturdy and improve the resistance of plants. The ABT can supplement exogenous growth hormone required by plant rooting and promote the synthesis of endogenous growth hormone, a small amount of water is irrigated in the early stage to promote rooting, and water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 15-25:5-15:15-25 is applied in the later stage, so that the nutrient content is more comprehensive, and the poor growth of plants caused by lack of nutrient elements is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a plant planted with a mixed matrix II 40 days after planting a mixed matrix I;

FIG. 2 shows the plants directly planted with the mixed matrix II 40 d;

FIG. 3 shows a plant planted with a mixed substrate II 60 days after planting a mixed substrate I;

FIG. 4 shows the plants directly planted with the mixed substrate II 60 d;

FIG. 5 shows a plant planted with a mixed substrate II 90 days after planting the mixed substrate I;

FIG. 6 shows the plants directly planted with the mixed substrate II 90 d.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention as claimed is not limited to the scope of the examples.

Example 1

A division propagation method of Adiantum didatus comprises the following steps:

1.1 Experimental materials: plants which grow robustly in the greenhouse and grow full of roots in the pot are selected as plant division materials.

1.2 plant division time: in the early stage of sprouting, the method is combined with pot change for division.

1.3 matrix, basin selection and treatment: the matrix adopted in the step S2 is divided into a mixed matrix I and a mixed matrix II, and the mixed matrix I and the mixed matrix II respectively comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of river sand and 100 parts of sawdust; and (3) mixing a matrix II: 300 parts of peat, 100 parts of coal ball residues, 50 parts of river sand and 100 parts of cake fertilizer residues. Spraying a matrix with a mixed solution of potassium permanganate and cypermethrin, which are respectively 500-fold and 800-fold, in sunny days, uniformly stirring, sealing by using a film, placing in the sun for sterilization for 2 days, and opening for one week for use; a basin tool: soaking a plastic basin with the specification of 90cm and 130cm in 800-fold 1000-time potassium permanganate solution for 24 hours, cleaning, and airing for later use.

1.4, building an arched shed: the lotus leaf Adiantum capillus-veneris prefers to humid environment, the humidity is required to be relatively high, the temperature of a rooting ground is 20-25 ℃, an arched shed with the height of 1m is built on a greenhouse seedling bed, a layer of black mulching film is laid below the arched shed, a layer of shading net with shading rate of 45% -75% is laid above the black mulching film, two pots of clean water are placed at two ends of the shading net, and the shading net is replaced periodically.

1.5 propagule treatment:

dividing the selected plant into at least 3-5 single seedlings per cluster, cutting off buds with original soil, cutting old root, rotten root, and P₁100 clusters without any treatment, P₂100 clumps are soaked for 2 hours by using a mixed solution of naphthylacetic acid and chlorothalonil with the mass ratio of 1mg/L₃Soaking 100 clusters in mixed solution of 1mg/LABT and 1g/L chlorothalonil in a mass ratio of 1mg/LABT for 2h, taking 50 clusters of mixed matrix II with a diameter of 130cm, planting the rest 150 clusters in the mixed matrix I with a diameter of 90cm, planting the mixed matrix II with a diameter of 130cm when a propagule grows to grow new roots and is taken out, compacting the matrix around the propagule when the propagule is not scattered, placing the propagule in a built arched shed, and directly placing the propagule in a seedbed by the same three treatment methods 300 for comparison.

1.6 post-transplant management

Spraying ground water in time in the first two weeks after transplanting, increasing humidity, keeping the interior of the pot moist, keeping the indoor humidity above 65%, keeping the temperature at 18-25 ℃, irrigating the roots once a week by using a mixed solution of 1mg/L monopotassium phosphate and 1mg/L ABT, irrigating the roots by using a solution of 10mg/L water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-25:5-15:15-25 in the later period, unfolding the sunshade net in the early period of sunny days in the arched shed, folding at night, gradually retreating the sunshade net in the later period, reducing the watering times, moving the seedlings in the arched shed out of the shed after 60 days, and reducing the indoor humidity to 50% at the moment and keeping the temperature not higher than 30 ℃.

After 60 days, statistics is carried out, and the result of placing in an arched shed shows that: p directly planted in mixed matrix II₁No treatment, root length 0.5-0.9cm, mortality rate 32%, P₂Naphthylacetic acid treatment, length 0.8-1.1cm, mortality rate 16%, P₃ABT treated, length 0.8-1.3cm, mortality rate 12%, no new leaf growth, no obvious difference between the two (see Table 1), as shown in figures 2, 4 and 6. Planting P in mixed matrix II after new root of propagule grows out₁The new root is about 2-3cm long, the death rate is 18 percent, and P is₂Root length 4.0-5.0cm, mortality 4%, P₃The root length is 4.2-5.3cm, and the mortality rate is 4% (see table 2), as shown in figures 1, 3 and 5.

The results placed on the greenhouse seedbed showed: p directly planted in mixed matrix II₁Untreated roots 0.3-0.5cm long, mortality rate 40%, P₂The length of the root treated by the naphthylacetic acid is 0.4-0.6cm, the death rate is 34 percent, and P₃ABT treated roots were 0.5-0.8cm long with 28% mortality (see Table 3). P planted in mixed matrix I and then mixed matrix II₁Root length 1.7-2.2cm, mortality rate 30%, P₂Root length 2.2-2.8cm, mortality rate 20%, P₃The roots were 2.4-2.9cm long and the mortality rate was 18% (see Table 4).

Wherein the root lengths in tables 1-4 are given as the length of the longest root seen at the edge of the substrate after debarking; the number of seedlings is the standard of good growth and more new leaves.

TABLE 1 direct planting of mixed ground substance II in greenhouse shed

TABLE 2 cultivation of first planting I in the arched greenhouse and then planting the mixed substrate II

TABLE 3 direct planting of Mixed substrate II on greenhouse seedbed

TABLE 4 planting the first mixed substrate on the seedbed in the greenhouse II

Comparative example 2

The mixed substrate II without peat was treated in the same manner as in example 1 in the case of group P3 in the dome, and the results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative example 3

The mixed base II had no river sand, and the same treatment as in example 1 with P3 in the arch shed was carried out, and the results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative example 4

The mixed base II had no cake pomace and was otherwise identical to the P3 group in the arch shed of example 1, with the results shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Effect of Mixed matrix Components on the division propagation of Adiantum Nelumbricus

As can be seen from Table 5: river sand is not added into the mixed matrix II, the seedling number is the highest, but the death rate and the length potential difference reach 30 percent; no cake fertilizer residue is added, and the number of seedlings is only half; the influence on the seedling number of the lotus leaf and the death rate of the lotus leaf and the Chinese caterpillar fungus are as high as 60 percent without adding peat, which shows that the three matrixes play an important role in the division propagation of the nelumbo nucifera gaertn.

Example 2

1.5 propagule treatment step: when the peanut is transplanted to a 130-pot, the ground and fermented peanut shells with the thickness of 2-3cm are placed at the bottom, and the mass ratio of the fermented peanut shells to the peat is 1: 1, adding 20-30 granules of Aolang fertilizer with total weight of 3-5g, and other P placed in greenhouse shed in the same way as example 1₃The group treatment was the same and the results are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 influence of base fertilizer on division propagation of Adiantum Nelumbo

As can be seen from Table 6: when the seedlings are transplanted to 130 pots, the number of seedlings is obviously increased and the leaves are bright and large after the peanut shells and the American Aolang fertilizer are added. The peanut shells are placed under the pot soil after being fermented and can serve as a water filtering layer, so that the peanut shells cannot die of rotten roots due to water accumulated in the pot in later-period maintenance, substances released by the peanut shells can enable the soil to be rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other nutritional ingredients, and can be used as organic fertilizer to supplement nutrients, the American Aolu fertilizer is a novel slow-release fertilizer, the release time is 3-6 months, the Adiantum Nelumbricus can absorb rich nutrition for a long time, and plants are full and bright.

Claims (7)

1. A method for the division propagation of Adiantum didatus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: plant division: dividing the lotus leaf Adiantum at the initial stage of new bud germination;

s2: the matrix and the basin are disinfected, the adopted matrix is divided into a mixed matrix I and a mixed matrix II, and the mixed matrix I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250 portions of river sand and 350 portions of sawdust and 90 to 110 portions of sawdust; and (3) mixing a matrix II: 350 parts of peat 250-sand, 90-110 parts of coal ball slag, 45-55 parts of river sand and 90-110 parts of cake fertilizer slag;

s3: building an arched shed in the greenhouse:

s4: and (3) processing propagules: dividing the plants divided in the step S1 into clusters, soaking the plants in the mixed solution for 1.5-2.5h and then planting the plants into a matrix, wherein the method for planting the matrix comprises the steps of planting the plants into a small pot filled with a sterilized mixed matrix I, planting the plants into a large pot filled with a sterilized mixed matrix II when new roots of propagules grow out and are taken out of the large pot, taking out the small seedlings full of roots and transplanting the small seedlings into the middle of the pot, filling the mixed matrix II around the small seedlings and compacting the small seedlings, enabling the small seedlings to be parallel to the base parts of the seedlings and placing the small seedlings into a built arched shed, wherein the caliber of the small pot is 85-95cm, and the caliber of the large pot is 125-135 cm;

s5: managing after transplanting;

completing the division propagation of the nelumbo nucifera gaertn.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate sterilizing process of step S2 is: spraying 800 times of diluted solution of potassium permanganate and 500 times of diluted solution of cypermethrin to the substrate, stirring uniformly, sealing with a film, placing in the sun for insolation for 1.5-2.5 days, and turning over in time to be used after the medicinal taste is dispersed completely; the method for disinfecting the basin comprises the following steps: soaking the basin in a solution of 800-1000 times potassium permanganate for 22-26h, cleaning, and drying for later use.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 is a method for constructing an arch shed in a greenhouse, comprising the steps of: an arched shed with the height of 0.5-1.51m is built on a greenhouse seedling bed, a layer of black mulching film is laid below the arched shed, a layer of shading net with shading rate of 45% -75% is laid after a layer of white film is laid above the arched shed, two pots of clean water are placed at two ends of the arched shed, and the arched shed is replaced periodically.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said step S4 is carried out by dividing the plants into at least 3-5 plantlets per cluster.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is to mix the solution: the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 0.05-1.15g/L of chlorothalonil respectively, or the mass concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5mg/L of ABT and 0.05-1.15g/L of chlorothalonil respectively.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the small pot has a caliber of 90cm and the large pot has a caliber of 120 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 is a post-transplant management method: spraying ground water every day in two weeks before transplanting, keeping the humidity in the shed to be more than 65%, keeping the temperature to be 18-25 ℃, irrigating the roots once every week by using a mixed solution of 0.5-1.5mg/L monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1.5mg/LABT, unfolding the sunshade net in the daytime in sunny days, folding at night, irrigating the roots by using 8-12mg/L water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-25:5-15:15-25 in the later period, gradually removing the sunshade net, and reducing the watering times.

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