CN114868614B - Method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in field - Google Patents
Method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114868614B CN114868614B CN202210627535.6A CN202210627535A CN114868614B CN 114868614 B CN114868614 B CN 114868614B CN 202210627535 A CN202210627535 A CN 202210627535A CN 114868614 B CN114868614 B CN 114868614B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A01G13/0275—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of field planting, and particularly discloses a method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in a field, which comprises the following steps: s1, soil preparation; s2, sampling; s3, setting a resource cell and an isolation belt; s4, resource planting; s5, paving a diaphragm; s6, pruning and managing. The method has the advantages that the planting of different germplasm resources in the same farmland is independently grown, and the phenomenon of mixing of the germplasm resources of the potentilla anserina is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of field planting, in particular to a method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in a field.
Background
The potentilla is of Rosaceae, the potentilla, the perennial herb, the wild plant stolons are finer, the purple red color is lighter than the cultivated species. The root system of the low altitude area is not expanded, and is often used as feed and ground cover plants, and edible tuberous roots are only expanded on the root system of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and are commonly called as ginseng fruits and life-prolonging fruits. The radix potentillae anserinae tubers are rich in various nutritional and active ingredients such as starch, protein, amino acid, mineral elements, saponin, total flavone, polysaccharide and the like, sweet in taste, glutinous in texture, capable of being used as medicines for whole herb and tubers of radix potentillae anserinae, and has the effects of astringing, stopping bleeding, replenishing blood, replenishing qi, treating tumors and protecting liver, is a main raw material of Tibetan medicines, and the radix potentillae anserinae is used for thousands of years as a special food and Tibetan medicine, and the market demand is increased year by year.
The germplasm resource is the guarantee of life continuation and race reproduction, and lays a rich material foundation for researching the origin and evolution of crops and cultivating new varieties of crops. According to morphological, cell biology and molecular biology characteristics, and combining with growth characteristics and purposes, the existing potentilla anserina germplasm resources are primarily divided into three categories: edible, medicinal and ecological core germplasm groups. Edible selection pays attention to the characters affecting the yield and the quality; the medicinal selection is focused on the character of high content of medicinal components; the ecology type determines the outstanding ecology character.
The potentilla anserina has the advantages that the potentilla anserina has a non-concentrated flowering period, flowers and fruits, and falls off, biological seeds are difficult to collect, the germination rate of the seeds is extremely low, and the potentilla anserina is difficult to use as a seed for production and a breeding material. The growing root tuber is mainly used as a production seed for planting in agriculture. The picked fresh radix potentillae anserinae tubers are difficult to preserve and easy to spoil, mould or dry, and the germination capacity is lost when the water loss reaches 20%, so that the plant can only be planted in the field to preserve germplasm resources, which is called a germplasm resource nursery.
According to the measurement, the area covered by the creeping stems of a potentilla anserina in the initial stage of expansion can reach 3-5 m 2 . In summer, when the water and fertilizer conditions are rich, the stolons can grow 3-5 cm long every day, so that different germplasm resources are planted in the same farmland, the different germplasm resources are easily grown together, the silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources are mixed, and the preservation significance is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable the planting of different germplasm resources in the same farm field to grow independently and reduce the phenomenon of mixing of the germplasm resources of the potentilla anserina, the application provides a method for preserving the germplasm resources of the potentilla anserina in the farm field.
The method for preserving the potentilla anserina germplasm resources in the field provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in a field, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam farmlands without grubs, without highland zokors, without malignant weeds, without rootstock crops, without shading, watering, insolating for 2-3 days, spreading insect-proof bactericidal powder on the soil surface, applying 350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing for 50cm thick, ploughing, harrowing and leveling;
s2, sampling: digging wild potentilla anserina germplasm resources in 4-7 months each year, digging 30cm soil blocks with abundant potentilla anserina seedlings and good growth vigor, filling the soil blocks into a large plastic bag, watering thoroughly, fastening the bag opening, reserving ventilation holes, and transplanting within 15 days;
s3, setting a resource cell and an isolation zone: taking the shorter side of the farmland as a base line, making a center line which is perpendicular to the base line and divides the farmland into two parts, inserting marks at intervals at the center line as midpoints, pulling wires along two sides of each midpoint parallel to the base line, making ridges with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, repairing the ridges to be neat and smooth, forming resource cells or isolation belts between two adjacent ridges, and arranging the resource cells and the isolation belts in a staggered way;
s4, resource planting: digging pits with the area of 40 x 40cm and the depth of 50cm between 2.5-3.0 m of each resource cell as planting points, transplanting the dug silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in the step S2 into the pits, filling the pits, exposing the silverweed cinquefoil root seedlings on the soil, compacting the soil and watering thoroughly; planting a perennial plant which is low, is not a rosaceous plant, does not have stolon and is not easy to fall off seeds in the isolation zone;
s5, membrane paving: covering thick plastic with the thickness of 2-4 mm and the width of 2m on the ridge, folding the thick plastic into two layers, and covering and compacting the two sides with soil;
s6, pruning and managing: and (3) checking once a week when the potentilla anserina grows to the vigorous stage in summer in the second year, the third year and the fourth year, and if the stolon of the potentilla anserina grows to be more than 1m, then shoveling or cutting off the stolon spacer positions, gathering the cut stolon together, decomposing and fermenting, and applying the potentilla anserina as fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, most bacteria on the soil surface can be killed by insolating for 2-3 days after watering during soil preparation, insect-proof bactericidal powder and organic fertilizer are spread, and then the soil is ploughed, so that the insect pests in the soil can be killed, and meanwhile, the soil is fertilized, so that the soil preparation method is time-saving and labor-saving. The soil blocks around the wild potentilla anserina seedlings are picked up together during sampling, and the seedlings are watered in plastic bags for protecting the seedlings, so that the transplanting survival rate of germplasm resources is higher than 95%, the original place of the resources is not damaged, and the transportation load of vehicles is not increased.
Uniformly digging a row of ridge banks in the field, forming resource cells or isolation belts between adjacent ridge banks, wherein the isolation belts are arranged between the adjacent resource cells at intervals, planting potentilla anserina in the resource cells, and additionally planting perennial plants of different types from potentilla anserina in the isolation belts, so that the potentilla anserina in the adjacent resource cells is isolated by perennial plants in the isolation belts, and the potentilla anserina in the adjacent resource cells is not easy to mix;
in addition, in the same resource cell, the transplanting distance between two adjacent potentilla anserina is 2.5-3.0 m, so that the transplanting of more than 50% of potentilla anserina germplasm resources can be ensured not to be mixed rapidly within 4 years; and, each resource cell is isolated by a ridge with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, so that the mixing of the germplasm resources of the potentilla anserina with excessively high individual growth speed can be prevented. The silverweed is covered by the two-layer thick plastic, so that the silverweed cinquefoil can be maintained to be unbroken for one year, and once the creeping stems of the silverweed cinquefoil extend to the silverweed cinquefoil, the silverweed cinquefoil cannot be rooted due to the obstruction of the thick plastic and can be easily scalded by the high temperature of the plastic, so that the silverweed cinquefoil can not be mixed with the germplasm resources of the silverweed cinquefoil with high individual growth speed. The four aspects are fully isolated, so that the silverweed cinquefoil root seedling is not mixed with the silverweed cinquefoil root in the same resource cell, and is not mixed with the silverweed cinquefoil root continuous plant in the adjacent resource cell, each silverweed cinquefoil root seedling can grow independently, sufficient sunlight and nutrition are obtained, the growth space of the silverweed cinquefoil root seedling is increased, the rapid growth of the silverweed cinquefoil root part is promoted, and the high quality of the silverweed cinquefoil root resource is ensured.
The potentilla anserina germplasm resources are transplanted for the first year, so that the potentilla anserina grows slowly due to the adaptation to new environments, no creeping stems can be generated in the current year or the creeping stems can grow by no more than 1 meter, and the creeping stems do not need to be cut off; in the summer vigorous growth stage of the second year, the third year and the fourth year, once the creeping stems of the potentilla anserina are found to grow within 1 meter range, the creeping stem spacers are sheared by gardening scissors, namely the creeping stems are picked up cleanly and concentrated together, and the potentilla anserina can be used as fertilizer for a plug germination test, so that the spreading of the creeping stems of the potentilla anserina is effectively blocked, the potentilla anserina can be utilized by waste, resources are saved, and the green environmental protection is realized.
Preferably, in the step S3, the ridge of 50cm, the resource cell of 2m, the ridge of 50cm, the isolation belt of 1m and the ridge of 50cm are circularly distributed from one side to the opposite side of the farmland in sequence.
By adopting the technical scheme, the width of the resource cell and the width of the isolation zone are adjusted by combining the growth characteristics of the potentilla anserina and the perennial plants planted in the resource cell and the isolation zone respectively, the width of the ridge is moderate, the land resources are not easy to collapse and waste, the rapid growth of the potentilla anserina germplasm resources is ensured by the division, the mixing is not easy, the farmland is reasonably divided, the planting is scientific, and the land resources are effectively utilized.
Preferably, the insect-preventing and sterilizing powder in the step S1 comprises a mixture of quicklime, sawdust and sulfur, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the sawdust to the sulfur is 2:1:1.
by adopting the technical scheme, as the mixture of the quicklime, the sawdust and the sulfur is paved in the soil, the quicklime and the sulfur powder not only can kill the viruses in the soil, but also can adjust the pH value of the soil and improve the property of the soil, and can also adjust the absorption of plants to mineral elements such as iron and the like, thereby improving the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, strengthening the decomposition and digestion effects of the beneficial microorganisms, further improving the nutrition components of the soil and increasing the yield of crops. And the calcium ions in the soil can be improved by spreading the quicklime, and the calcium ions are good soil cement, and can loosen soil aggregates together with saw dust, so that hardening of the soil is reduced.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in step S1 includes fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed loose scales, coal cinder, plant ash and eggshells, and the weight ratio of the animal manure, the loose scales, the coal cinder, the plant ash and the eggshells is 4:1:1:2:1.
by adopting the technical scheme, the heat is released in the fermentation process by the animal manure and the thoroughly decomposed pine needles which are fermented in advance, and the heat cannot be fermented again after being applied to farmlands, so that the root systems of the potentilla anserina cannot be burnt out, the pine needles contain phosphorus and potassium components and microelements, and various needed nutrients are provided for the growth, flowering and color of the potentilla anserina. In addition, various organic elements and inorganic elements in coal cinder, plant ash and egg shells not only provide nutrition for the growth of germplasm resources, but also can not pollute the soil environment, so that the soil is fatter and rich, and post-dressing is not needed.
Preferably, in the step S4, transplanting is performed when the temperature is 15-25 ℃ and the day-night temperature difference is 5-15 ℃ when the germplasm resources of the potentilla anserina with soil are transplanted.
By adopting the technical scheme, according to the proper survival temperature of the potentilla anserina, the transplanting is carried out at the air temperature, so that the survival rate of the potentilla anserina can be effectively improved, the yield is improved, and the potentilla anserina is transplanted in the day and night temperature difference range by combining the day and night temperature difference of the plateau.
Preferably, the perennial plant in step S4 is alfalfa.
By adopting the technical scheme, the alfalfa belongs to perennial flowering plants, is widely used as forage grass, has a stubborn vitality besides livestock, can be used for water and soil conservation, sand prevention, sand fixation, slope protection and greening mountain areas, and can also improve soil. In addition, due to slow growth in seedling stage, the sowing time of alfalfa can be carried out all the year round, and the cultivation can be carried out simultaneously with the potentilla anserina or with the potentilla anserina at a time without affecting the yield.
Preferably, in the step S6, rooting and expanding agent is sprayed around the potentilla anserina germplasm resources.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the medicinal value and the edible value of the potentilla anserina are in the root, proper rooting and expanding agent is sprayed in the vigorous growth stage of the potentilla anserina, the potentilla anserina root which has grown to a certain degree can be expanded, the soil cannot be polluted, and the potentilla anserina root is harmless to human bodies.
Preferably, the germplasm resource nursery is replaced every 4 years, and the choice and planting method are unchanged.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rhizosphere microorganism group of the potentilla anserina planted continuously can be changed greatly, the potentilla anserina is easy to produce continuous disease, the potentilla anserina is unfavorable for growth and quality degradation, so that the germplasm resource nursery is required to be replaced every 4 years, the potentilla anserina germplasm resource field is ensured not to be mixed, and good germplasm is maintained.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the resource cells or the isolation belts are formed between the adjacent silvergrass, the isolation belts are arranged between the adjacent resource cells at intervals, the potentilla anserina is planted in the resource cells, and perennial plants of different types from the potentilla anserina are planted in the isolation belts, the potentilla anserina in the adjacent resource cells is isolated by perennial plants in the isolation belts, so that the potentilla anserina in the adjacent resource cells is not easy to mix; in the same resource cell, the transplanting distance between two adjacent potentilla anserina is 2.5-3.0 m, so that the transplanting of more than 50% of potentilla anserina germplasm resources can be ensured not to be mixed rapidly within 4 years; the silvered isolation is used between each resource cell, so that the mixing of the silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources with excessively high individual growth speed can be prevented; the silvergrass seedlings are covered by the two-layer thick plastic, so that the creeping stems of the silvergrass extending to the silvergrass can not be rooted, each silvergrass seedling can independently grow, sufficient sunlight and nutrition are obtained, the growth space of the silvergrass seedlings is increased, and the quality of the silvergrass resources is ensured.
2. The organic fertilizer in the application preferably adopts fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed pine scales, coal cinder, plant ash and egg shells, and can not burn out root systems of potentilla anserina because the organic fertilizer is not fermented after being applied to farmlands, and various organic elements and inorganic elements in the coal cinder, the plant ash and the egg shells not only provide nutrition for growth of germplasm resources, but also can not pollute soil environment, so that the soil is more rich and does not need later trimming.
3. The alfalfa is preferably planted in the isolation belt, and has a stubborn vitality besides livestock raising, so that the alfalfa can be used for water and soil conservation, sand prevention, sand fixation, slope protection and greening mountain areas and can also improve soil. In addition, due to slow growth in seedling stage, the sowing time of alfalfa can be carried out all the year round, and the cultivation can be carried out simultaneously with the potentilla anserina or with the potentilla anserina at a time without affecting the yield.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Examples
Example 1
A method for preserving radix Potentillae Anserinae germplasm resource in field comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam farmlands without grubs, without highland zokors, without malignant weeds, without rootstock, without shading, watering, insolating for 2 days, spreading insect-proof bactericidal powder on the soil surface, applying 350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing for 50cm thick, ploughing, harrowing and leveling.
In the application, the insect-proof sterilizing powder comprises a mixture of quicklime, sawdust and sulfur, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the sawdust to the sulfur is 2:1:1, 90 kg of insect-preventing and sterilizing powder is applied to each mu. The organic fertilizer comprises fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed loose scales, coal cinder, plant ash and eggshells, wherein the weight ratio of the animal manure to the loose scales to the coal cinder is 4:1:1:2:1.
s2, sampling: and (3) harvesting and digging wild potentilla anserina germplasm resources in 4 months each year, harvesting and digging soil blocks with the size of 30cm and the growth vigor, which are rich in potentilla anserina seedlings, putting the soil blocks into a large plastic bag, watering thoroughly, fastening the bag mouth, reserving ventilation holes, and transplanting after one week.
S3, setting a resource cell and an isolation zone: taking the shorter side of the farmland as a base line, making a center line which is perpendicular to the base line and divides the farmland into two parts, inserting marks at intervals at the center line as midpoints, pulling wires along two sides of each midpoint parallel to the base line, making ridges with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, repairing the ridges to be neat and smooth, forming resource cells or isolation belts between two adjacent ridges, and arranging the resource cells and the isolation belts in a staggered way; namely, one side of the farmland is circularly distributed with 50cm ridges, 2m resource cells, 50cm ridges, 1m isolation belts and 50cm ridges from one side to the opposite side.
S4, resource planting: digging pits with the area of 40 x 40cm and the depth of 50cm at intervals of 2.5m between each resource cell, transplanting the dug silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in the step S2 into the pits, filling the pits, exposing the silverweed cinquefoil root seedlings on the soil, compacting the soil, and watering thoroughly; planting a perennial plant which is low, is not a rosaceous plant, does not have stolon and is not easy to fall off seeds in the isolation zone; when transplanting the germplasm resource of the potentilla anserina with soil, the temperature is selected to be 15 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is about 5 ℃ for transplanting. In this application, the perennial plant is wild alfalfa.
S5, membrane paving: the ridge is covered with thick plastic with the thickness of 2mm and the width of 2m, the thick plastic is folded into two layers, and the two sides are covered and compacted by soil, so that the ridge can be maintained for one year without damage and is replaced in the next year.
S6, pruning and managing: and (3) checking once a week when the potentilla anserina grows to the vigorous stage in summer in the second year, the third year and the fourth year, and if the stolon of the potentilla anserina grows to be more than 1m, then shoveling or cutting off the stolon spacer positions, gathering the cut stolon together, decomposing and fermenting, and applying the potentilla anserina as fertilizer. The rooting and expanding agent is sprayed around the potentilla anserina germplasm resource at the stage, so that the potentilla anserina root growing to a certain extent can be expanded. In order to prevent soil pollution and ensure green and environment-friendly silverweed cinquefoil root, the rooting and expanding agent in the application preferably adopts 35 g/mu of chloridized naphthylacetic acid wettable powder, is mixed with 16 kg of water, is uniformly sprayed, and is sprayed once every 15 days for 1 time.
In order to reduce the problem that the microorganism group is greatly changed when the potentilla anserina is continuously planted, the continuous disease is reduced, and the germplasm resource nursery is replaced every 4 years, so that the quality of the potentilla anserina is not degraded, and the land selection and the planting method are not changed.
Example 2
A method for preserving radix Potentillae Anserinae germplasm resource in field comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam farmlands without grubs, without highland zokors, without malignant weeds, without rootstock, without shading, watering, insolating for 2 days, spreading insect-proof bactericidal powder on the soil surface, applying 350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing for 50cm thick, ploughing, harrowing and leveling.
In the application, the insect-proof sterilizing powder comprises a mixture of quicklime, sawdust and sulfur, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the sawdust to the sulfur is 2:1:1, 100 kg of insect-preventing and sterilizing powder is applied to each mu. The organic fertilizer comprises fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed loose scales, coal cinder, plant ash and eggshells, wherein the weight ratio of the animal manure to the loose scales to the coal cinder is 4:1:1:2:1.
s2, sampling: digging wild radix Potentillae Anserinae germplasm resource in the middle 5 months every year, digging 30cm soil blocks with abundant seedling and good growth vigor, placing into large plastic bag, watering thoroughly, fastening the bag mouth, leaving air holes, and transplanting after 10 days.
S3, setting a resource cell and an isolation zone: taking the shorter side of the farmland as a base line, making a center line which is perpendicular to the base line and divides the farmland into two parts, inserting marks at intervals at the center line as midpoints, pulling wires along two sides of each midpoint parallel to the base line, making ridges with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, repairing the ridges to be neat and smooth, forming resource cells or isolation belts between two adjacent ridges, and arranging the resource cells and the isolation belts in a staggered way; namely, one side of the farmland is circularly distributed with 50cm ridges, 2m resource cells, 50cm ridges, 1m isolation belts and 50cm ridges from one side to the opposite side.
S4, resource planting: digging pits with the area of 40 x 40cm and the depth of 50cm at intervals of 2.8m between each resource cell, transplanting the dug silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in the step S2 into the pits, filling the pits, exposing the silverweed cinquefoil root seedlings on the soil, compacting the soil, and watering thoroughly; planting a perennial plant which is low, is not a rosaceous plant, does not have stolon and is not easy to fall off seeds in the isolation zone; when transplanting the germplasm resource of the potentilla anserina with soil, the temperature is selected to be 20 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is about 10 ℃ for transplanting. In this application, the perennial plant is wild alfalfa.
S5, membrane paving: the ridge is covered with thick plastic with the thickness of 3mm and the width of 2m, the thick plastic is folded into two layers, and the two sides are covered and compacted by soil, so that the ridge can be maintained for one year without damage and is replaced in the next year.
S6, pruning and managing: and (3) checking once a week when the potentilla anserina grows to the vigorous stage in summer in the second year, the third year and the fourth year, and if the stolon of the potentilla anserina grows to be more than 1m, then shoveling or cutting off the stolon spacer positions, gathering the cut stolon together, decomposing and fermenting, and applying the potentilla anserina as fertilizer. The rooting and expanding agent is sprayed around the potentilla anserina germplasm resource at the stage, so that the potentilla anserina root growing to a certain extent can be expanded. In order to prevent soil pollution and ensure green and environment-friendly silverweed cinquefoil root, the rooting and expanding agent in the application preferably adopts chloridized naphthalene acetic acid wettable powder of 40 g/mu, is mixed with 16 kg of water, is sprayed uniformly, and is sprayed once every 15 days for 2 times.
In order to reduce the problem that the microorganism group is greatly changed when the potentilla anserina is continuously planted, the continuous disease is reduced, and the germplasm resource nursery is replaced every 4 years, so that the quality of the potentilla anserina is not degraded, and the land selection and the planting method are not changed.
Example 3
A method for preserving radix Potentillae Anserinae germplasm resource in field comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam farmlands without grubs, without highland zokors, without malignant weeds, without rootstock, without shading, watering, insolating for 3 days, spreading insect-proof bactericidal powder on the soil surface, applying 350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing for 50cm thick, ploughing, harrowing and leveling.
In the application, the insect-proof sterilizing powder comprises a mixture of quicklime, sawdust and sulfur, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the sawdust to the sulfur is 2:1:1, 110 kg of insect-preventing and sterilizing powder is applied to each mu. The organic fertilizer comprises fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed loose scales, coal cinder, plant ash and eggshells, wherein the weight ratio of the animal manure to the loose scales to the coal cinder is 4:1:1:2:1.
s2, sampling: and (3) harvesting and digging wild potentilla anserina germplasm resources in 7 months each year, harvesting and digging soil blocks with the size of 30cm and the growth vigor, which are rich in potentilla anserina seedlings, putting the soil blocks into a large plastic bag, watering thoroughly, fastening the bag mouth, reserving ventilation holes, and transplanting on the 15 th day.
S3, setting a resource cell and an isolation zone: taking the shorter side of the farmland as a base line, making a center line which is perpendicular to the base line and divides the farmland into two parts, inserting marks at intervals at the center line as midpoints, pulling wires along two sides of each midpoint parallel to the base line, making ridges with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, repairing the ridges to be neat and smooth, forming resource cells or isolation belts between two adjacent ridges, and arranging the resource cells and the isolation belts in a staggered way; namely, one side of the farmland is circularly distributed with 50cm ridges, 2m resource cells, 50cm ridges, 1m isolation belts and 50cm ridges from one side to the opposite side.
S4, resource planting: digging pits with the area of 40 x 40cm and the depth of 50cm at intervals of 3.0m between each resource cell, transplanting the dug silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in the step S2 into the pits, filling the pits, exposing the silverweed cinquefoil root seedlings on the soil, compacting the soil, and watering thoroughly; planting a perennial plant which is low, is not a rosaceous plant, does not have stolon and is not easy to fall off seeds in the isolation zone; when transplanting the germplasm resource of the potentilla anserina with soil, the temperature is selected to be 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is about 15 ℃ for transplanting. In this application, the perennial plant is wild alfalfa.
S5, membrane paving: the ridge is covered with thick plastic with the thickness of 4mm and the width of 2m, the thick plastic is folded into two layers, and the two sides are covered and compacted by soil, so that the ridge can be maintained for one year without damage and is replaced in the next year.
S6, pruning and managing: and (3) checking once a week when the potentilla anserina grows to the vigorous stage in summer in the second year, the third year and the fourth year, and if the stolon of the potentilla anserina grows to be more than 1m, then shoveling or cutting off the stolon spacer positions, gathering the cut stolon together, decomposing and fermenting, and applying the potentilla anserina as fertilizer. The rooting and expanding agent is sprayed around the potentilla anserina germplasm resource at the stage, so that the potentilla anserina root growing to a certain extent can be expanded. In order to prevent soil pollution and ensure green and environment-friendly silverweed cinquefoil root, the rooting and expanding agent in the application preferably adopts 45 g/mu of chloridized naphthylacetic acid wettable powder, is mixed with 16 kg of water, is sprayed uniformly, and is sprayed for 3 times every 15 days.
In order to reduce the problem that the microorganism group is greatly changed when the potentilla anserina is continuously planted, the continuous disease is reduced, and the germplasm resource nursery is replaced every 4 years, so that the quality of the potentilla anserina is not degraded, and the land selection and the planting method are not changed.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is that: the ridge is not beaten in the farmland, and the isolation belt is arranged between two adjacent resource cells, and the resource cells and the isolation belt are arranged in a staggered manner. Namely, one side of the farmland is circularly distributed with 2m resource cells, 1m isolation belts, 2m resource cells and 1m isolation belts from the opposite side.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that: no isolation belt is arranged in the farmland, and resource cells are formed between two adjacent ridges, namely, 50cm ridges, 2m resource cells and 50cm ridges are distributed circularly from one side of the farmland to the opposite side of the farmland in sequence.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that: the farmland is not ridged, isolation belts are not arranged, and a row of resource cells are arranged every 2m in the farmland.
Performance test
Test method
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, six farmlands with the same size and the same geology are correspondingly selected in the same area, planting is correspondingly carried out in the same period, and watering is carried out properly, wherein the silverweed cinquefoil root in the six farmlands has no great difference in growth condition due to slow growth of the silverweed cinquefoil root in the first year, and the mixing degree of the creeping stems and the root hairs of the silverweed cinquefoil root between the same resource cell and two adjacent resource cells is observed after the second year, the third year and the fourth year of the harvest season of the silverweed cinquefoil root.
Extension condition table of surface potentilla anserina
By combining the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 1 and combining the table, it can be seen that, when the ridge is not driven in the farmland and the isolation belts are arranged between two adjacent resource cells, and the resource cells and the isolation belts are arranged in a staggered manner, the extending speed of the potentilla anserina stolons to the isolation belts is very high, the extending speed of potentilla anserina roots to the isolation belts is also accelerated, and finally the mixing period of potentilla anserina in the two adjacent resource cells is accelerated. This means that the silvergrass can block the extension of the stolon of the silvergrass to a certain extent, and shorten the mixed years of the silvergrass in two adjacent resource cells.
As can be seen from the combination of example 2 and comparative example 2 and the above table, when no isolation belt is provided in the farmland and a resource cell is formed between two adjacent silverlands, the silverweed cinquefoil root of the potentilla anserina can not root on the silverlands, but the silverfoil root of the two adjacent resource cells has a fast extending speed and is mixed quickly. This shows that while the isolation belt widens the interval between two adjacent resource cells, perennial plants planted in the isolation belt have a certain inhibition effect on the extension of the stolons and root hairs of the potentilla anserina.
As can be seen by combining example 2 and comparative example 3 and combining the above table, neither ridge nor isolation belt is provided in the farmland, the potentilla anserina stolons and root hairs are extended wantonly, and the potentilla anserina stolons and root hairs in two adjacent resource cells are mixed quickly, so that the ridge and isolation belt can be provided in the farmland to effectively prevent the potentilla anserina from being mixed.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in a field, comprising the steps of:
s1, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam farmlands without grubs, without highland zokors, without malignant weeds, without rootstock crops, without shading, watering, insolating for 2-3 days, spreading insect-proof bactericidal powder on the soil surface, applying 350 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing for 50cm thick, ploughing, harrowing and leveling;
s2, sampling: digging wild potentilla anserina germplasm resources in 4-7 months each year, digging 30cm soil blocks with abundant potentilla anserina seedlings and good growth vigor, filling the soil blocks into a large plastic bag, watering thoroughly, fastening the bag opening, reserving ventilation holes, and transplanting within 15 days;
s3, setting a resource cell and an isolation zone: taking the shorter side of the farmland as a base line, making a center line which is perpendicular to the base line and divides the farmland into two parts, inserting marks at intervals at the center line as midpoints, pulling wires along two sides of each midpoint parallel to the base line, making ridges with the width of 50cm and the height of 30cm, repairing the ridges to be neat and smooth, forming resource cells or isolation belts between two adjacent ridges, and arranging the resource cells and the isolation belts in a staggered way;
s4, resource planting: digging pits with the area of 40 x 40cm and the depth of 50cm between 2.5-3.0 m of each resource cell as planting points, transplanting the dug silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in the step S2 into the pits, filling the pits, exposing the silverweed cinquefoil root seedlings on the soil, compacting the soil and watering thoroughly; planting a perennial plant which is low, is not a rosaceous plant, does not have stolon and is not easy to fall off seeds in the isolation zone;
s5, membrane paving: covering thick plastic with the thickness of 2-4 mm and the width of 2m on the ridge, folding the thick plastic into two layers, and covering and compacting the two sides with soil;
s6, pruning and managing: and (3) checking once a week when the potentilla anserina grows to the vigorous stage in summer in the second year, the third year and the fourth year, and if the stolon of the potentilla anserina grows to be more than 1m, then shoveling or cutting off the stolon spacer positions, gathering the cut stolon together, decomposing and fermenting, and applying the potentilla anserina as fertilizer.
2. The method for preserving p-silverweed cinquefoil root germplasm resources in a field according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the p-silvergrass is circularly distributed from one side to the opposite side of the field in turn with 50cm ridges, 2m resource cells, 50cm ridges, 1m isolation zones, and 50cm ridges.
3. The method for preserving a potentilla anserina germplasm resource in a field according to claim 1, wherein the insect-proof sterilizing powder in step S1 comprises a mixture of quicklime, sawdust and sulfur, and the weight ratio of the quicklime, the sawdust and the sulfur is 2:1:1.
4. a method for preserving a potentilla anserina germplasm resource in a field according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in step S1 comprises fermented animal manure, thoroughly decomposed pine scales, coal cinder, plant ash and eggshells, and the weight ratio of the animal manure, the pine scales, the coal cinder, the plant ash and the eggshells is 4:1:1:2:1.
5. the method for preserving a potentilla anserina germplasm resource in a field according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, transplanting is performed when the air temperature is 15-25 ℃ and the day-night temperature difference is 5-15 ℃.
6. A method of conserving a potentilla anserina germplasm resource in a field according to claim 1, wherein said perennial plant of step S4 is alfalfa.
7. A method for preserving a potentilla anserina germplasm resource in a field according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S6 a rooting and expanding agent is sprayed around the potentilla anserina germplasm resource.
8. A method of conserving potentilla anserina germplasm resources in a field according to claim 1, wherein the germplasm resource nursery is replaced every 4 years, optionally without change in planting method.
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