CN106961968A - A kind of efficient implantation methods of Gannan fern fiber crops - Google Patents
A kind of efficient implantation methods of Gannan fern fiber crops Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficient implantation methods of Gannan fern fiber crops, including：Selection of land；Site preparation and fertilization；Implantation methods key technology includes：Planting season and seed selection, planting patterns, planting density and application rate, irrigation method and irrigation volume, 5 aspects of foliage application；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Excavation in good time；A kind of Efficient cultivation technique of the severe regional fern fiber crops of the natural conditions such as high and cold, High aititude of the present invention; it may be implemented in the regional scale of Gannan Plateau, the plantation fern fiber crops of standardization and develop its industry, develop the economy, accurate poverty alleviation, precisely shake off poverty and peasants and herdsmen increase income offer service guarantee for the extremely frigid zones that promote natural environmental condition severe.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fiber crops plantation of the fern in Chinese medicine planting technology field, more particularly to a kind of efficient plantation side of Gannan fern fiber crops
Method.
Background technology
Fern fiber crops are potentilla anserina (Potentilla anserine L.) mutation, belong to rose family Potentilla, are sweet
A kind of southern distinctive industrial crops in plateau, also known as panax ginseng fruit, life-prolonging time grass, Peng Lai fruit, lotus flower dish etc..Its species has fern fiber crops are former to become
The numb mutation of kind, bastard indigo fern, the numb mutation of hairless fern and small fern fiber crops.It is the cuisines of Tibet noble in the past, is paid tribute using it as " tribute "
Lama in the emperor and temple enjoys.Nowadays at wedding dinner, celebrating happy festival time and rice is steaming mixed, then butter is added, as receiving guests
Eating, because having effects that to promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, invigorating spleen and reinforcing stomach, blood-enrich, astringing to arrest bleeding, cough-relieving, sharp phlegm, medicine can be used as again
Thing salubrity, the good merchantable brand nourished the body with presenting friends.Due to the numb root tuber of fern contain abundant vitamin, protein, mineral element,
The materials such as grey extension set polysaccharide, and the trace element such as the calcium containing needed by human body, iron, potassium, magnesium.Successfully developed at present it is outstanding,
Fragrant, taste gathers full distinguishing products, and such as ginseng fruit tea, ginseng jam, the famous-brand and high-quality green product of ginseng fruit gruel can enjoy great prestige the country
Outside.
With the further exploitation in market, small-scale plantation can not meet domestic and international client with wild excavation within this several years
Growing demand.But at present to the research in terms of the numb cultivation technique of fern seldom, making the artificial cultivation of fern fiber crops can not promote
With form scale, supply market can only be using wild excavation as main resource, but due to excessively excavation, wild resource is progressively
Exhaustion, ecological environment is increasingly destroyed, and in order to protect wild resource, maintains the ecological balance, while meeting the market demand, is carried out
The research of fern fiber crops Efficient cultivation technique is extremely urgent.
Because fern fiber crops have special geographical habit, it is grown in patana, grassy marshland, dark and damp place, height above sea level 2600
~3700 meters of area can expand, so the external research for being only limited to clone potentilla anserina habit, domestic to fern fiber crops
The research of cultivation technique is limited only to carry out superficial research in terms of clonal propagation, planting density, soil moisture, fertilizer, no
But lack systematicness, and main research material is using Qinghai fern to be in the majority.The research trends of fern fiber crops are made a general survey of, on Gannan fern fiber crops
Research in terms of plantation has no report at present, and to the numb research of fern also in preliminary, surface and simple exploratory stage, under
More, deeper aspect is just studied both at home and abroad and is described below in face：
Fern hemp plant ecological characteristics research
Potentilla anserina is distributed in all over the world, but only in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, its root tuber can just expand development, warmly
Area, root system development is bad, usually fibrosis, and aerial part is flourishing, more as feed.It is this special to have just because of fern fiber crops
Habit, thus, foreign countries are only limitted to the discriminating to its species and the research of clonal propagation growth characteristics, such as Stuefer and
" quality and quantity of light are entrusted to two kinds, and things --- the mobility of potentilla anserina biology key element and space are captured " that Hube is delivered；
" Stoloniferous herb --- the mobility of potentilla anserina biology key element and space capture " that Erikssono is delivered；Eriksson
" regeneration of potentilla anserina and clonal growth that year delivers：The relation of growth type and Dry Matter "；Kroon and
Schieving in deliver " a kind of resource allocator model clone is that a kind of conventional method of function of form is applied to feed clone
Plant "；It is " a kind of to form the herbaceous plant of stolon and root tuber that Dong and Kroon are delivered on ecological related magazine
Morphological plasticity and Bomass allocation "；Eriksson paper " Iris japonica plant --- potentilla anserina ramificatiom
Behavior and the growth of population "；Cook and Buss paper " Population Biology of clone's organism and evolution " and other related grind
Study carefully paper etc. all to be studied from the phytoecology characteristic of potentilla anserina.
Research in terms of fern fiber crops clonal propagation
Except Qinghai Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and Sichuan outside the province, in China other areas, such as Shaanxi Province, Beijing
Deng fern fiber crops root tuber depauperation, normal fibrosis, aerial part prosperity, more as feed and lawn.Research to fern fiber crops is reported not
Many, common reporter primarily focuses on grinding for fern numb (root tuber) and the analysis of herb composition and its growth characteristics and food processing
Study carefully.Liao etc. deliver " intensity of illumination and matrix nutrient are to stolon draft Jin Daidai clonal growths and the shadow of colony morphology
Ring ", " potentilla anserina growth characteristics " and " comparison of potentilla anserina clonal form under two kinds of habitats " that Zhou Huakun is delivered,
And " influence of the Different grazing strength to potentilla anserina clonal growth characteristic " and " Alpine meadow degradation that Zhou Huakun etc. is delivered
Influence to potentilla anserina Characteristics of clonal growth of Ligularia ", is all inquired into terms of the clonal propagation of its stolon.
Fern fiber crops chemical composition and medical value research
Merchant keeps " experimental study of fern fiber crops oxygen lack resistant function " that peace Yang Hui delivers, Lin Na etc. deliver " fern fiber crops are to immune
The influence of hypofunction immune function of mice ", Yang Hua and Jia Xu delivered on Chinese herbal medicine " in Potentilla anserina polysaccharide containing measure
Fixed research ", Wang Jin and Zhang Jian article " research of the numb nutritional ingredient of Qinghai production fern ", this happy and auspicious Wang Xi virtues " crude drug of fern fiber crops of Hu
Identification ", quick research of Wang Baoqi and river " content that germanium in fluorescence spectrometry fern fiber crops is complexed with ternary " etc..Hong Xia etc. is numb from Qinghai fern
In isolated 3 kinds of pentacyclic triterpenoids.Chu Liang etc. is isolated and purified with a variety of chromatographic processes, is separated from Tibet fern fiber crops
Obtain 7 compounds, respectively daucosterol, malol, 19 α~hydroxylursolic acid, wild Chinese toon acid, tormentic acid, Rosamultin,
Euscaphicoside.Liu Chunlan etc. is combined using hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, the de- starch of a~starch enzyme process etc. obtains Gansu Gannan fern fiber crops
Polysaccharide, through paper chromatography and efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis, the polysaccharide is main by arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, galactolipin, half
Lactobionic acid is constituted.Shang De waits research quietly and finds that amino acid classes are complete (17 kinds) in Tibet fern fiber crops, wherein arginine, asparagus fern ammonia
The ratio highest of acid and content of glutamic acid.Li Dongyuan etc. determines the numb root tuber Analysis of Nutritive Composition of fern, shows that protein contains in fern fiber crops
Amount is higher.Wang Feng etc. determines 7 kinds of trace elements in fern fiber crops respectively, it is found that potassium, calcium, iron content are of a relatively high in fern fiber crops.Wang border into
The numb chemical composition of Qinghai-Tibet fern is have studied with paper disk method Deng being reacted on the basis of the research such as horse spring flower and Sun Jie using test tube,
The chemical composition composition that may contain in medicinal plant fern fiber crops is primarily determined that.All never ipsilateral have studied the battalion of fern fiber crops above
Support value and medical value.
Many research shows that fern fiber crops have anti anoxia, cold resistance, chemical damage protection, strengthen immunity, fern fiber crops tool
The effects such as having anti-oxidant, senile-resistant efficacy and suppress hepatitis B.For example, returning the numb powder feeding mouse of the research Tibet fern such as crystalline substance, hair
Existing fern fiber crops have obvious anti-anoxia ability.Zhao is red to wait research to find that the water-soluble position of fern fiber crops and petroleum ether part can significantly extend often
Press the time-to-live of mouse under anoxia condition, moreover it is possible to reduce the overall oxygen demand of mouse.Li Jianyu etc. has found that fern fiber crops effectively suppress to lack
The cardiac muscle cell apoptosis damage of oxygen induction.Merchant keeps peaceful wait and studies discovery fern fiber crops reduction mouse cold mortality.New congruence report is opened to find
Silverweed cinquefoil essence has the effect for promoting liver glycogen synthesis and improving serum albumin content.Min Guang rather waits research fern amylose to mouse
CCl4 hepatic injuries have good protective effect.Old Gui so waits research explanation fern amylose can be by adjusting Free Radical Level in body
And the transmission of redox signal, influence the function of body immune system.Hu Tingjun etc. has found that Yushu district, Qinghai fern amylose can be short of money
The immunosupress of anti-endoxan, improves the immunologic function of body.Open rosy clouds etc. influences immune thin by observing Gansu fern amylose
Born of the same parents' respiratory burst function.The research such as Xie Xueyuan shows that fern fiber crops can effectively delay the appearance of model mouse aging aging sign, has bright
Aobvious anti-aging effects.Cai Guangming etc. obtains the active component of fern fiber crops using purification with macroreticular resin.It was found that fern fiber crops active component
There is obvious inhibiting effect to hepatitis type B virus.The report silverweed cinquefoil essence effect experiment research such as Chen Fang, it is found that silverweed cinquefoil essence has suppression
Hepatitis B virus duplication processed, protecting liver, lowering enzymes, raising immunity, the enhancing effect such as liver detoxification and metabolism.
Research in terms of fern fiber crops germ plasm resource and cultivation
Tall " Gannan fern fiber crops the Study on Resources preliminary study " Primary Study just waited by force distribution situations and fern of the fern fiber crops in Gansu Province
The species of fiber crops；Stone determines " Wild groundcover plant --- potentilla anserina First Report of Studies " that flint etc. delivers in Practaculture Science then to goose
The cultivation technique of suede potentilla chinensis has carried out Primary Study.Yu Qinglan etc. have studied the numb biomass variety of fern and climatic factor relation.
Tall and erect loud, high-pitched sound et al. carries out the cultivation techniques such as date of seeding, density and quality to field acquisition fern fiber crops and tested.King is superfine artificial to Tibet fern fiber crops
Cultivation technique is described.
Ma Guoliang, the research paper difference plantation that in the August, 2008 such as Shen Ningdong is published on Qinghai University's journal periodical is close
Spend in the influence to the numb aerial growth of fern and point out that the numb stolon time of origin of the lower fern of high density processing is more early, the strain of its base is answered
The number of sheets, restitution length, stolon quantity, length etc. are noticeably greater than low-density processing.The result does not point out density to production
The influence of amount and quality, involved planting technology lacks systematicness.Then they in May, 2010 on northern gardening periodical
Deliver the research paper of influence of the different planting densities to the numb root tuber of fern, draw the numb root tuber quantity of the lower fern of high density processing, weight,
Diameter is noticeably greater than low-density processing.
Tall and erect loud, high-pitched sound, side bar et al. has delivered Tibet Special plant " panax ginseng fruit " artificial cultivation technique in 2006 in the science and technology of Tibet
The paper of early grind, paper simply from planting patterns, (transplanted, fresh fruit is transplanted, entirely by whole strain transplanting, panax ginseng fruit seedling (not stem tuber)
Portion uses drilling.) and plantation (cultivation) control measures and method in terms of be described, the yield of the technology is very low by only 155
Pound/acre.
Li Jun bridges in August, 2005 is studied the annidation and cultivation technique of potentilla anserina, institute in research
The cultivation technique being related to has：Preceding preparation is broadcast, wild natural plant, sowing, 5 aspects of field management and harvesting are gathered, but do not have
There is the technology of breaking the normal procedure property.
In the September, 2007 such as Shen Ningdong, Wei Meiting has done influence of the organic fertilizer to fern Taro Aso length and beet yield, research knot
Fruit points out that the sheep manure organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed can significantly improve the yield of the numb root tuber of fern.But organic fertilizer used is single, technology letter
It is single.
However, the above method has the disadvantage that：Involved technology is simple, original, no innovation, lacks systematicness.More
The research of Efficient cultivation technique without Gannan Plateau fern fiber crops, therefore, the system research about Gannan fern fiber crops still belong to empty in the world
In vain, therefore carrying out Efficient cultivation technique research to it has extensive market.The present invention establishes the numb cultivation system of perfect fern, fills out
The blank of the numb artificial cultivation of Bu Liao China fern, the main plantation floristics adjusted as Gannan Plateau Regional Industrial Structure.This
Invention is for the reasonable utilization of natural resources, and becoming resources advantage has good facilitation into advantages for development.
In summary, fern fiber crops are concentrated mainly in terms of phytoecology characteristic, clonal propagation, edible medicinal value in recent years
Research, the research mentioned in terms of the numb Efficient cultivation technique of fern is had not yet to see, not seen in being research with Gannan fern fiber crops
The report of object.Therefore, the proposition of the research is the requirement in epoch, is that industrialization, the large-scale production of Southern Gansu Area fern fiber crops are carried
For theoretical foundation and technical backstopping.
Based on this there is provided a kind of efficient, system, the numb artificial method for planting of fern of strong operability is just particularly important.
The content of the invention
To solve the problem of above-mentioned prior art is present, the purpose of the present invention is a kind of efficient plantation side of Gannan fern fiber crops of offer
Method, this method is a kind of Efficient cultivation technique of the severe regional fern fiber crops of the natural conditions such as high and cold, High aititude, may be implemented in Gannan high
Original area's scale, the plantation fern fiber crops of standardization simultaneously develop its industry, to promote the extremely frigid zones hair that natural environmental condition is severe
Economic, the accurate poverty alleviation of exhibition, precisely shake off poverty and peasants and herdsmen increase income offer service guarantee.
A kind of numb Efficient cultivation technique of Gannan fern：It is made up of following steps：
Step 1: selection of land：
Wet environment is selected, sandy loam sticks loam, loam；
Step 2: site preparation and fertilization：
1st, soil disinfection：Soil is first comprehensively sterilized with lime, lime consumption is 200kg/ mus~300kg/ mus,
Pour once it is permeable after, dry 2-5 days, then spread the plant ash of one layer of 1 cm thick and the middle sand of one layer of 5 cm thick, 0.5% chlorine of sprinkling
Cyano chrysanthemate and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution desinsection；
2nd, basal dressing and maturation process：Organic fertilizer, the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed and palygorskite are as base manure, and palygorskite can be reduced
Agricultural chemicals and heavy-metal residual, the effect with water saving, improved soil and slow release fertilizer can effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer and fern fiber crops
Yield；Biological organic fertilizer nutrient is complete, can improved soil, enhancing soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, do not burn root,
Beneficial bacterium in not rotten seedling, biological organic fertilizer, which enters after soil, directly or indirectly to provide a variety of nutrition and excitant thing for fern fiber crops
Matter, promotes and regulates and controls its growth, improve the numb quality of fern, and can strengthen the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of fern fiber crops, reduces environmental pollution, right
It is people, animal, Environmental security, nontoxic；The usage amount of biological organic fertilizer is 1000~1500kg/ mus, and the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed is used for curing
Soil, its amount of application is 1500~2000kg/ mus；It is whole carefully to rake, site preparation is turned over, plantation is waited；
Step 3: implantation methods：
1st, planting season and seed selection
In spring by the end of March~4 month at the beginning of, ground temperature is stable to be planted at 3~5 DEG C；The present invention is by edible health type and medicine
With plantation is distinguished, edible medicinal health fern fiber crops all select spherical root tuber, a diameter of 0.4~1.0cm of root tuber, and hundred root tuber weights are 30
~50g；Medicinal fern fiber crops all select bar-shaped root tuber, a diameter of 0.3~0.5cm of root tuber, and hundred root tuber weights are 60~70g；
2nd, planting patterns
From fully bio-degradable liquid ground film full-film covering ridging bunch planting way, row spacing 1.2m~1.5m, ridge is high by 15~
30cm, ridge spacing 30cm, 4~8cm of depth of planting；Fully bio-degradable liquid ground film can not only eradicate " white pollution " problem, together
When can realize the numb increasing both production and income of Gannan Plateau plantation fern, the purpose of comprehensive utilization of resources, can preferably play suction than plastic film
The effect that heat is heated, preserved soil moisture, keeping a full stand of seedings, and the permeability of energy improved soil, when crop emerges, film can degrade automatically, become rotten
Phytic acid fertilizer, can emerge naturally, and without artificial seedling setting, saving of work and time improves efficiency, saves labour.This is this hair
One of bright core technology.
3rd, planting density and application rate
Planting density seeding row spacing be 15cm × 30cm, 20cm × 30cm, 25cm × 30cm, 30cm × 30cm, 35cm ×
30cm, 40cm × 30cm, single cave application rate are 2~4 root tubers；
4th, irrigation method and irrigation volume
Timely and appropriate discovery irrigation is carried out according to local rainfall in different growth stages after root tuber cultivation：April~May
The first tenday period of a month, root tuber germination period carries out 2~3 furrow irrigation+sprinkling irrigations, and irrigation volume is 2750~4500m3/hm2, keep the maximum water holding in field
Measure as 35%~55%, the first tenday period of a month in May~late May, in fern fiber crops base strain growth period, carry out 2~4 furrow irrigation+micro- spray, holding field is most
Big water-holding capacity is 40%~60%, and irrigation volume is 3500~5250m3/hm2, early June~mid-July, fern fiber crops crawl Stem nematode
Phase, 1~2 sprinkling irrigation is carried out, irrigation volume is 2000~3250m3/hm2, it is 30%~50%, July to keep maxmun field capacity
The last ten-days period~mid-September, flowering fruit bearing stage carries out 2~3 sprinkling irrigations, and irrigation volume is 2000~3250m3/hm2, keep the maximum water holding in field
Measure as 30%~50%, late September~late October, root tuber expanding stage, carry out 1~3 furrow irrigation+micro- spray, irrigation volume is 4250
~6000m3/hm2, it is 55%~75% to keep maxmun field capacity；Grown according to the numb difference of fern the water requirement choosing in period
Different irrigation methods and irrigation volume are selected, the purpose of water-saving irrigation had both been realized, and had realized again.Gannan Plateau fern fiber crops are in each phenology
Effective utilization and the purpose of volume increase of the phase to moisture, this is the two of the core technology of the present invention.
5th, foliage application
Liquid level spray plant growth regulator root tuber stem tuber swelling agent, root tuber block are carried out in the different growth and development stages of fern fiber crops
Stem swelling agent meets fern Taro Aso reason, and the stem block relation that biological characteristics and the nutritional need that grows are accumulated with materialization contains root
The various trace elements such as Chelating state zinc, boron, manganese, iron necessary to stem class high-yield plant and various plants growth activity material, promote
Enter cellular plasm flowing, accelerate well developed root system, enhancing absorbs transporting function, coordinates the balanced use of organic growth material, subtracts
The consumption of few organic nutrient, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, and enhancing drought resisting, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, resistance against diseases, anti-aging promote fertilizer
Greatly, and can the numb Endogenous hormone balance of Effective Regulation fern, slow down breathing and rising, more effectively absorb luminous energy and carbon dioxide, increase
Plus nutrient and luminous energy accumulation, promote nutriment to be accumulated to the numb root tuber conveying of fern, accelerate the cell division of root tuber, expand, reach
The numb quality of improvement fern, the effect efficiently increased production, this is the three of the core technology of the present invention；
Step 4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carried out with bow and arrow method and cramp frame method and eliminate zokor in time, using physics trapping and medicine
Agent preventing and treating and integrated control carry out preventing and kill off for the numb bioassay first larva of fern, Agriotes subrittatus Motschulsky and hook wireworm subterranean pest-insect；
Step 5: excavation in good time：Medicinal fern fiber crops, when late October~11 the first tenday period of a month rhizome radical leaves jaundice are withered, can enter
The component content such as tannin, general flavone is higher in row excavation, this phase fern fiber crops root tuber；Edible health type fern fiber crops are in Second Year March in spring
The last ten-days period~late April soil is excavated after thawing, and soluble sugar, moisture are higher in the numb root tuber of fern of this phase, but tannin
Content is low, in good taste；Picking methods are excavated with general dig for main growth selection situation is good, meet the root tuber of commercial standards, are stayed
Under the numb root tuber of less fern, the root tuber that ground grading covering is left, Second Year spring sprouts naturally, due to the numb special breeding of fern
Mode, therefore can realize that plantation in 1 year is excavated for continuous 3~4 years, but yield and quality will not be a greater impact, and germplasm also will not
Degenerate, economic benefit is considerable；
Further, the selection of land, selection wet environment root tuber expansion rate is high, and yield is high, easily harvesting, the sand being not easily broken
Loam.
Further, in the step 2, chemical fertilizer is not applied in fertilising.
Further, in the step 3, root tuber stem tuber swelling agent is the special swelling agent of medicinal material.
Further, it is annual afterwards to need to cover liquid ground film by the end of March after First Year excavation, other field management such as pour water,
Spray fertilizer side's prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and the same First Year of harvesting, while noting weeding.
Further, the Gannan fern fiber crops refer to the former mutation of fern fiber crops, the numb mutation of hairless fern, the fiber crops mutation of bastard indigo fern, small fern fiber crops.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Gannan Plateau is due to the restriction of environmental condition, and crop species are single, and agriculture-stock production level is relatively low, rural labor effect
Rate is low, and the project of high benefit agricultural development is lacked always, and the exploitation of fern fiber crops industrialization once bears fruit undoubtedly for this shape
Facilitation is played in the change of condition.Fern fiber crops fresh goods 40~80 yuan/kg of market price, 120~180 yuan/kg of dry product, per mu yield 200~
At 300kg/ mus, 8000~24000 yuan/mu are taken in, economic benefit is considerable in Gannan Plateau monocrop area；This
Change and agricultural restructuring tool of the invention to Gannan fern fiber crops are of great significance, and the plantation of industrialization can also solve society
The problem of employment of idle labour, thus with certain social benefit.
The present invention makes resources advantage be converted into economic advantages, accelerates plateau agricultural especially Tibetan medicine material specialty industries agricultural
Development.Effectively drive peasants and herdsmen to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, promote the economic quick and stable development in highlands, moreover it is possible to drive the whole of relevant industries
Body develops.
The present invention will set up the numb cultivation system of Gannan fern, and fill up the blank of the numb artificial cultivation of Gannan fern, to cultivate high yield
Fern numb artificial cultivation mechanism technical support is provided.Wild resource is protected by artificial cultivation, the foundation of fern fiber crops industrialization system,
The barbarous excavation to its wild Distribution Area fern fiber crops will be contained, while being played a protective role to the highlands ecological balance.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further details with reference to embodiment
Embodiment
Enforcement place：Gansu Province Hezuo City Gansu nationality's college of education's Tibetan medicine material introduction and acclimatization cultivation base and Lintan County are sweet
The south centre numb domesticating and cultivating Demonstration Base domestication planting base of the numb Co., Ltd fern of goldenback, soil is respectively paramo soil and Huang
Loam carries out planting technology research.
Study base overview：Gansu college of education of nationality Tibetan medicine material introduction and acclimatization cultivation base, experimental field positioned at eastern footpath
102 ° 54 ', 39 ° 59 ' of north latitude, more than height above sea level 3000m, average annual 1.7 DEG C of temperature, without absolute frost-free period.Weather belongs to plateau climate,
Day and night temperature is big, precipitation 547mm.It is consistent with the wild growing environment condition of fern fiber crops in SOUTH OF GANSU cold and damp area.Should
Experimental field preceding crop is polygonaceae medicinal material Rheum tanguticum Maxim, and soil is paramo soil, because the high and cold low temperature of uplift plateau is rainy
The reason for, organic matter decomposition is slow, content more a height of 13.68%, is that fern Taro Aso's length grows directly from seeds ground；The Gannan centre numb science and technology of goldenback has
Limit the numb introduction and acclimatization planting base of responsible company fern, be located in Lintan County area just outside a city gate town Shen Zang roads, height above sea level in 2500m, it is cold, dark and damp,
Four seasons fuzzy, drought and waterlogging hail freezes frequent, is connected with long summer in winter, spring and autumn, the long winter in winter cold gets warm again after a cold spell slow, autumn without cold, spring
Cooling is fast, the winter does autumn wet plateau climate characteristic.Average annual 3.2 DEG C of temperature, annual precipitation in 450~550mm, evaporation capacity 120~
223mm, sunshine time 2314h, frost-free period in year 84d, soil is yellow soil, be fern fiber crops plantation grow directly from seeds ground.
Study and carried out on November 20,15 days~2016 April in 2014.
Specific implementation process is as follows：
Step 1: selection of land：
The national college of education's Tibetan medicine material in selection Gansu reflects the black loam in many domestication bases respectively and Gannan entreats goldenback fiber crops limited
The numb domesticating and cultivating Demonstration Base of company fern is tested.
Step 2: site preparation and fertilization：
1st, soil disinfection：Soil is first comprehensively sterilized with lime, lime consumption is 200kg/ mus, is poured once saturating
Water, after drying 3 days, then spreads the plant ash of one layer of 1 cm thick and the middle sand of one layer of 5 cm thick, 0.5% cypermethrin of sprinkling and
50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution desinsection.
2nd, basal dressing and maturation process：2 each processing, processing 1 are set altogether：Experiment organic fertilizer, the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed and slope thread
Masonry is base manure, and the usage amount of biological organic fertilizer is 1500kg/ mus, and the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed is used for vegetable soil, and its amount of application is
1500kg/ mus, palygorskite consumption is 2250kg/ mus.Processing 2：:The 2000kg/ mus of cattle and sheep become thoroughly decomposed are applied, progress fertilizer, which is matched somebody with somebody, applies contrast
Experiment, result of the test shows that 1 pole of processing considerably improves the yield and quality of fern fiber crops.The yield of processing 1 reaches
236.88kg/ mus, the yield of processing 2 is 124.31kg/ mus, and amino acid, protein, the polysaccharide equal size of processing are also extremely notable
Higher than processing 1.
Step 3: implantation methods：
1st, planting season and seed selection
In spring by the end of March~4 month at the beginning of, ground temperature is stable to be planted at 3~5 DEG C；Fern fiber crops root tuber entreats gold from Gannan
The no disease and pests harm of the numb domesticating and cultivating Demonstration Base domestication plantation of Jue Ma Science and Technology Ltd.s ferns, it is in the same size, high-quality root tuber.This
Edible health type and medicinal differentiation are planted in invention, and edible medicinal health fern fiber crops all select spherical root tuber, root tuber a diameter of 0.4
~1.0cm, hundred root tuber weights are 30~50g；The whole bar-shaped root tubers of selection of medicinal fern fiber crops, root tuber a diameter of 0.3~0.5cm, hundred
Root tuber weight is 60~70g.
2nd, planting patterns
From fully bio-degradable liquid ground film full-film covering ridging bunch planting way, plot area, 3 × 4m2, row spacing 1.2m,
High 15~the 30cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm, sow line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 210cm, depth of planting 4cm.Research sets 4 processing altogether, locates
Reason 1：Not overlay film；Common unregistered land film is covered in processing 2；Processing 3：Cover common white mulch film；Processing 4：Cover liquid ground film.Each processing is repeated
3 times, 10 rows are planted per ridge, 16 caves of often row plantation.Result of the test is as shown in table 1, table 2.Result of study shows, covers liquid ground film
Yield is up to 314.45kg/ mus, is significantly higher than normal film, indicates the battalion such as total amino acid content, the general flavone of the numb root tuber quality of fern
Foster component content also highest, but hydrolysis tanning and content of ashes are minimum, thus cover liquid ground film can significantly improve its yield and
Quality.
The different films of table 1 plant the influence of the numb form of fern and yield to Gannan Plateau
3rd, planting density and application rate
Experimental plot 3 × 4m of area2, row spacing 1.2m, the high 15~30cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm sow line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing
210cm, depth of planting 4cm, application rate are per 2, cave root tuber.
4th, irrigation method and irrigation volume
Research sets 5 processing, processing 1 altogether：Flood irrigation；Processing 2：Furrow irrigation；Processing 3：Sprinkling irrigation；Processing 4：Furrow irrigation+micro- spray, processing
5：Do not pour water, each processing is repeated 3 times, plot area, 3 × 4m2, row spacing 1.2m, the high 15~30cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm are broadcast
Plant line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 210cm, depth of planting 4cm.Key technology：April 8, April 23, root tuber germination period is poured water 2 times,
Irrigation volume is 4500m3/hm2, it is 55% to keep maxmun field capacity；May 10, May 15, May 25, fern fiber crops base strain is raw
For a long time, pour water for 3 times, irrigation volume is 3500m3/hm2It is 40% to keep maxmun field capacity；June 20, July 15, fern
In numb stolon growth period, pour water for 2 times, irrigation volume is 2000m3/hm2, it is 40% to keep maxmun field capacity；July 25
Day, September 15 days, flowering fruit bearing stage pour water for 2 times, and irrigation volume is followed successively by 2500m3/hm2And 3250m3/hm2, keep field maximum
Water-holding capacity is 50%；September 25 days, October 20, root tuber expanding stage pour water for 2 times, and irrigation volume is for 4250m3/hm2, protect
It is 55% to hold maxmun field capacity.Result of the test table 2 and table 4 show, yield furrow irrigation+micro- spray highest of the ferns fiber crops of 5 processing,
Quality is also optimal, is sequentially followed successively by：Do not pour water<Flood irrigation<Furrow irrigation<Sprinkling irrigation<Furrow irrigation+micro- spray.On the basis of this result of study, this hair
It is bright irrigation method and irrigating has been carried out deeper into research, entered according to fern fiber crops in the different water requirements of different growth and development stages
The different irrigation method of row.Key technology is as follows, April 8, April 23, root tuber germination period, using furrow irrigation+microspray irrigation water 2 times,
Irrigation volume is 4500m3/hm2, it is 55% to keep maxmun field capacity；May 10, May 15, May 25, fern fiber crops base strain is raw
For a long time, poured water using furrow irrigation+micro- spirt row 3 times, irrigation volume is 3500m3/hm2, it is 40% to keep maxmun field capacity；June
20, July 15, in fern fiber crops stolon growth period, using sprinkling irrigation pour water for 2 times, irrigation volume is 2000m3/hm2, keep field
Maximum water-holding capacity is 40%；July 25, September 15 days, flowering fruit bearing stage using sprinkling irrigation pour water for 2 times, irrigation volume is followed successively by
2500m3/hm2And 3250m3/hm2, it is 50% to keep maxmun field capacity；September 25 days, October 20, root tuber expanding stage is adopted
Poured water with furrow irrigation+micro- spirt row 2 times, irrigation volume is for 4250m3/hm2, it is 55% to keep maxmun field capacity.Research knot
Fruit show the fern different growth and development stage of fiber crops using different irrigation method ratios using single irrigation method can pole significantly carry
The yield and quality of high fern fiber crops.
The Different Irrigation Methods of table 3 plant the influence of the numb form of fern and yield to Gannan Plateau
The influence of the numb index of quality of the Different Irrigation Methods Gannan Plateau of table 4 plantation fern
5th, foliage application
Carrying out liquid level spray plant growth regulator root tuber stem tuber swelling agent in the different growth and development stages of fern fiber crops, (medicinal material is special
With), experimental plot 3 × 4m of area2, row spacing 1.2m, the high 15~30cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm sow line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing
210cm, depth of planting 4cm, application rate are per 2, cave root tuber.Different foliage applications grind and set 5 processing altogether, processing 1：Do not spray
Fertilizer；Processing 2：0.5ml/kg gibberellin：Processing 3：Spray the 0.5ml/kg basic elements of cell division；Processing 4：Spray 0.5ml/kg root tuber stem tubers swollen
Big agent.Each processing is repeated 3 times, plot area, 3 × 4m2, row spacing 1.2m, the high 15~30cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm, sowing row
Away from 30cm, hill spacing 210cm, depth of planting 4cm.Therefore, base strain May 25 initial stage in growth period for growing in fern fiber crops and crawl
Spray fertilizer is carried out respectively 1 time initial 15 days July phase, carry out first time spray fertilizer within 15th in September in root tuber expanding stage, enter later every 7d
Row liquid level spray fertilizer 1 time, spray fertilizer 3 times, sprays the afternoon 4 for being preferably selected fine day every time altogether:00~5:30.Result of study, which is shown, to be sprayed
Yield of the plant hormone than not spray fertilizer is high, and quality is excellent (table 5, table 6).And fern fiber crops when spraying 0.5ml/kg root tuber stem tuber swelling agents
Yield it is maximum, be 303.42kg/ mu, the items such as spherical root tuber 100-grain weight, spherical root tuber diameter morphological index most preferably, amino acid
Total amount, the nutrient composition content such as polysaccharide also highest.
The different foliar fertilizers of table 5 plant the influence of the numb form of fern and yield to Gannan Plateau
The different foliar fertilizers of table 6 plant the influence of the numb index of quality of fern to Gannan Plateau
Step 4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carried out with bow and arrow method and cramp frame method and eliminate zokor in time, trapped and killed, given birth to using physics
Thing preventing and treating preventing and treating, chemical control and integrated control are with carrying out the numb bioassay first larva of fern, Agriotes subrittatus Motschulsky and hook wireworm
Lower insect is prevented and kill off, it is to avoid use the hypertoxic chemicals of high residue.
Step 5: excavation in good time：Medicinal fern fiber crops, when late October~11 the first tenday period of a month rhizome radical leaves jaundice are withered, can enter
The component content such as tannin, general flavone is higher in row excavation, this phase fern fiber crops root tuber；Edible health type fern fiber crops Lintan, Jone, Xiahe etc.
Height above sea level less than 2900m in the excavation of Second Year spring late March, the height above sea level such as two cooperations, Luqu, Maqu be higher than 2900m in April
Last ten-days period soil is excavated after thawing, and picking methods are entered with general dig for main growth selection situation is good, meet the root tuber of commercial standards
Row excavation, leaves the numb root tuber of less fern, and the root tuber that ground grading covering is left, Second Year spring sprouts naturally, due to fern fiber crops
Special modes of reproduction, therefore can realize that plantation in 1 year is excavated for continuous 3~4 years, but yield and quality will not be a greater impact,
Germplasm will not also degenerate, and economic benefit is considerable.
The Gannan fern fiber crops refer to the former mutation of fern fiber crops, the numb mutation of hairless fern, fern fiber crops mutation, small fern fiber crops.
The quality discrepancy of table 7, different excavation times and different root types
As can be seen from Table 7, bar-shaped and selection excavate October-November in fern fiber crops the component content such as tannin, general flavone compared with
It is high；And spherical and selection excavate then total reducing sugar and protein content is higher the Second Year 3-4 months.
Especially emphasize hereafter every year also to need to cover liquid ground film by the end of March, other field management are such as poured water, spray fertilizer side's pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating and harvesting are all the work of First Year, also to carry out weeding work.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement expected without creative work, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
Protection domain should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of efficient implantation methods of Gannan fern fiber crops, it is characterised in that be made up of following steps：
Step 1: selection of land：
Wet environment is selected, sandy loam sticks loam, loam；
Step 2: site preparation and fertilization：
(1), soil disinfection：Soil is first comprehensively sterilized with lime, lime consumption is 200kg/ mus~300kg/ mus, is poured
After once permeable, dry 2-5 days, then spread the plant ash of one layer of 1 cm thick and the middle sand of one layer of 5 cm thick, 0.5% chlorine cyanogen of sprinkling
Chrysanthemum ester and 50% phoxim mixed aqueous solution desinsection；
(2), basal dressing and maturation process：Organic fertilizer, the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed and palygorskite are as base manure, and palygorskite can reduce agriculture
Medicine and heavy-metal residual, the effect with water saving, improved soil and slow release fertilizer can effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer and fern fiber crops production
Amount；Biological organic fertilizer nutrient is complete, can improved soil, enhancing soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, do not burn root, no
Beneficial bacterium in rotten seedling, biological organic fertilizer, which enters after soil, directly or indirectly to provide a variety of nutrition and excitant thing for fern fiber crops
Matter, promotes and regulates and controls its growth, improve the numb quality of fern, and can strengthen the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of fern fiber crops, reduces environmental pollution, right
It is people, animal, Environmental security, nontoxic；The usage amount of biological organic fertilizer is 1000~1500kg/ mus, and the cattle and sheep excrement become thoroughly decomposed is used for curing
Soil, its amount of application is 1500~2000kg/ mus；It is whole carefully to rake, site preparation is turned over, plantation is waited；
Step 3: implantation methods：
(1), planting season and seed selection
In spring by the end of March~4 month at the beginning of, ground temperature is stable to be planted at 3~5 DEG C；The present invention is by edible health type and medicinal area
Point plantation, the whole spherical root tubers of selection of edible medicinal health fern fiber crops, a diameter of 0.4~1.0cm of root tuber, hundred root tuber weights are 30~
50g；Medicinal fern fiber crops all select bar-shaped root tuber, a diameter of 0.3~0.5cm of root tuber, and hundred root tuber weights are 60~70g；
(2), planting patterns
From fully bio-degradable liquid ground film full-film covering ridging bunch planting way, row spacing 1.2m~1.5m, the high 15~30cm in ridge, ridge
Spacing 30cm, 4~8cm of depth of planting；
(3), planting density and application rate
Planting density seeding row spacing be 15cm × 30cm, 20cm × 30cm, 25cm × 30cm, 30cm × 30cm, 35cm × 30cm,
40cm × 30cm, single cave application rate is 2~4 root tubers；
(4), irrigation method and irrigation volume
Timely and appropriate discovery irrigation is carried out according to local rainfall in different growth stages after root tuber cultivation：On April~May
Ten days, root tuber germination period carries out 2~3 furrow irrigation+sprinkling irrigations, and irrigation volume is 2750~4500m3/hm2, keep maxmun field capacity
For 35%~55%, the first tenday period of a month in May~late May, fern numb base strain growth period, 2~4 furrow irrigation of progress+micro- spray, holding field maximum
Water-holding capacity is 40%~60%, and irrigation volume is 3500~5250m3/hm2, early June~mid-July, fern fiber crops stolon growth period,
1~2 sprinkling irrigation is carried out, irrigation volume is 2000~3250m3/hm2, it is 30%~50%, late July to keep maxmun field capacity
~mid-September, flowering fruit bearing stage carries out 2~3 sprinkling irrigations, and irrigation volume is 2000~3250m3/hm2, keep maxmun field capacity be
30%~50%, late September~late October, root tuber expanding stage carries out 1~3 furrow irrigation+micro- spray, irrigation volume for 4250~
6000m3/hm2, it is 55%~75% to keep maxmun field capacity；
(5), foliage application
Liquid level spray plant growth regulator root tuber stem tuber swelling agent is carried out in the different growth and development stages of fern fiber crops, root tuber stem tuber is swollen
Big agent meets fern Taro Aso reason, and the stem block relation that biological characteristics and the nutritional need that grows are accumulated with materialization contains tubers
The various trace elements such as Chelating state zinc, boron, manganese, iron necessary to high-yield plant and various plants growth activity material, promote thin
Born of the same parents' plasm flows, and accelerates well developed root system, and enhancing absorbs transporting function, coordinates the balanced use of organic growth material, and reduction has
The consumption of machine nutrient, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, enhancing drought resisting, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, resistance against diseases, and anti-aging promotes hypertrophy, and
Can the numb Endogenous hormone balance of Effective Regulation fern, slow down breathing and rising, more effectively absorb luminous energy and carbon dioxide, increase nutrient
With luminous energy accumulation, promote nutriment to be accumulated to the numb root tuber conveying of fern, accelerate the cell division of root tuber, expand, reach improvement fern
Numb quality, the effect efficiently increased production；
Step 4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carried out with bow and arrow method and cramp frame method and eliminate zokor in time, prevented using physics trapping and medicament
Control and integrated control carries out preventing and kill off for the numb bioassay first larva of fern, Agriotes subrittatus Motschulsky and hook wireworm subterranean pest-insect；
Step 5: excavation in good time：Medicinal fern fiber crops, when late October~11 the first tenday period of a month rhizome radical leaves jaundice are withered, can be adopted
Dig, the component content such as tannin, general flavone is higher in this phase fern fiber crops root tuber；Edible health type fern fiber crops are in Second Year spring late March
~late April soil is excavated after thawing, and soluble sugar, moisture are higher in the numb root tuber of fern of this phase, but content of tannin
It is low, it is in good taste；Picking methods are excavated for main growth selection situation is good, meet the root tuber of commercial standards with general dig, leave compared with
The numb root tuber of small fern, the root tuber that ground grading covering is left, Second Year spring sprouts naturally, due to the special breeding side of fern fiber crops
Formula, therefore can realize that plantation in 1 year is excavated for continuous 3~4 years, but yield and quality will not be a greater impact, and germplasm will not also be moved back
Change, economic benefit is considerable.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the selection of land, selection wet environment root tuber expansion rate is high, production
Amount is high, easily harvesting, the sandy loam being not easily broken.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 2, chemical fertilizer is not applied in fertilising.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 3, root tuber stem tuber swelling agent is that medicinal material is special
Use swelling agent.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that after First Year excavation, every year with needing covering liquid body by the end of March afterwards
Film, other field management are such as poured water, spray fertilizer side's prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and harvest same First Year, while noting weeding.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Gannan fern fiber crops refer to the former mutation of fern fiber crops, hairless fern fiber crops become
Kind, the fiber crops mutation of bastard indigo fern, small fern fiber crops.
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Effective date of registration: 20190422 Address after: 532200 No. 1 Lichuan Road, Chengnan District, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Applicant after: Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities Address before: 747000 Zhihema Road 233, Cooperative City, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province Applicant before: The national college of education in Gansu Applicant before: Gannan Industrial Technology Development Co. Ltd. Yangjin Juema |
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Application publication date: 20170721 |