CN110839472A - Seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert area - Google Patents
Seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert area Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas belongs to the technical field of raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and mainly comprises the following steps: soil improvement, grass grid sand barrier arrangement, seedling raising and forestation and later-period management. By adopting the method, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 85 percent, and the survival rate of the artificial planting of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus is effectively improved. The soil conditioner of the invention can improve the obstacle soil, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, promote the root system to be developed, and the biomass material has obvious effect in the prevention and treatment of soil disease microorganisms. The grass grid fixing method disclosed by the invention has a good sand prevention effect, can promote the growth of ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and effectively improves the speed of sand removal and soil return. The biological fertilizer of the invention uses organic substances as raw materials, has rich nutrition and is a raw material with lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling raising and afforestation, and particularly relates to an ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedling raising and afforestation method in a desert area.
Background
The soil desertification is a great threat to the development of the world agriculture, so that the land breeding capability is degraded, the farming and grazing production capability and the biological yield are reduced, and the cultivated land and the pasture area can be reduced. Water and soil loss and land impoverishment caused by desertification cause continuous famine in many countries. The land affected by desertification worldwide is increasing year by year. If the desertification continues and cannot be effectively inhibited, the irreparable loss is caused. China is also a country with serious land desertification, and desertification land also grows at the speed of 60 square kilometers each year. Therefore, the land is well protected and utilized, sand is sealed, grass is raised, a wind-proof sand forest is built, forestry treatment is realized, and vegetation group effects can be fully exerted to achieve the purposes of sand removal and soil return.
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, also called Mongolia Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and the like, shrubs and evergreen seasons are mainly distributed in low mountain areas such as Ningxia and inner Mongolia. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seeds have extremely strong water absorption capacity, are suitable for growing in gravel soil, can sprout quickly, are high in drought resistance and heat resistance, can grow under extremely severe weather conditions, are typical drought plants, can resist wind and sand, and are widely planted in sandy areas of China. Branches and leaves of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus can be used as medicines, and the ammopiptanthus mongolicus is a relatively good germplasm resource in plants in sandy areas at present. But the survival rate of the artificial forest seedling is low. Therefore, it is very important to research the high-efficiency cultivation technology of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus, improve the survival rate of artificial planting of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus, accelerate the growth speed of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus and promote the rapid forestation of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling raising and afforestation method of ammopiptanthus mongolicus in a desert area, which can effectively improve the survival rate of artificial planting of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus and accelerate the growth speed of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 100kg of dried walnut shells, peanut shells, bagasse, buckwheat shells, corn husks and straws, crushing and mixing, then adding 30kg of microbial strain decomposing agent, mixing uniformly while spraying clear water until the water content is 60%, transferring into a fermentation room plane for stacking and fermentation, turning over piles after 24h, fermenting for 24h, crushing and sieving for 20mm to obtain a soil conditioner, and scattering 400kg of the soil conditioner into a desert area according to 300 per mu;
step two: cutting straws of crops or pasture as a grass square material into 50cm in length, fixing the grass square in a desert area with a gentle terrain by using 2 x 2 meters, fixing the grass square in a desert area with an undulating terrain by using 1.5 x 1.5 meters, fixing the grass square on dry sand by using a flat-end square spade, pricking 20cm into sand, exposing 30cm on the ground, and burying 20cm on wet sand by ditching and exposing 30cm on the ground;
step three: sowing and seedling raising, namely, drilling, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 25 kg, the sowing width is 10-20cm, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the furrow depth is 1.0-l.5cm, 30-40 seeds are sown in each furrow, sawdust is used for covering after sowing, soil is covered, the soil covering thickness is 1.5cm, the soil is pressed and leveled after covering, and the seedlings can be transplanted after 7-10 days;
step four: planting the grass in grass squares by adopting strip-shaped afforestation, wherein the bandwidth is 5m, the strip spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
step five: watering 6-8 times every year, watering thoroughly every time without water accumulation, loosening soil, weeding 3-6 times every year, fertilizing 1 time every year, fertilizing amount of 1000 plus materials per mu for 2000kg, topdressing 2-3 times, topdressing amount of 17-20 kg per mu, and spraying nontoxic insecticide 1 time every year.
Preferably, the planar stacking height of the fermentation room in the first step is 50 cm.
Preferably, the microbial strain decomposing inoculant in the first step comprises 15% of a microbial inoculant by mass, and the microbial inoculant is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the straw in the second step is one or more of corn stalk, sorghum stalk and wheat straw.
Preferably, the pasture in the second step is one or more of reed, reed grass and bamboo.
Preferably, the grass square grid in the second step is square or diamond.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-55 parts of straw; 25-55 parts of corn husks; 20-40 parts of beer grains; 20-37 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 16-28 parts of plant ash; 5-20 parts of wood vinegar; 5-9 parts of a leavening agent; 5-10 parts of biological bacteria.
Preferably, the nontoxic insecticide in the step five is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-1.5% of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 0.3-0.5% of pyrethrin, 0.1-0.3% of deltamethrin, 0.02-0.04% of permethrin and the balance of water.
Further preferably, the bacillus subtilis liquid is prepared by the following method: inoculating the strain on an agar culture medium plate, performing activation culture at 38 ℃ for 24h, selecting a single colony, inoculating the single colony into a liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, performing shake culture at 38 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, and filtering to obtain a bacterial liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) by adopting the method, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 85 percent, the survival rate of the artificial planting of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus is effectively improved, the growth speed of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus is accelerated, and the rapid forestation of the ammopiptanthus mongolicus is promoted.
2) The soil conditioner of the invention can improve the obstacle soil, so that the soil quality achieves the effects of softness, ventilation, water retention and fertilizer retention, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the development of root systems is promoted, and the biomass material has obvious effect in the prevention and treatment of soil disease microorganisms.
3) The grass grid fixing method disclosed by the invention has a good sand prevention effect, can promote the growth of ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and effectively improves the speed of sand removal and soil return.
4) The planting method for sowing and seedling raising and strip afforestation enables the survival rate of ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings after planting to reach more than 85 percent.
5) The biological fertilizer of the invention uses organic substances as raw materials, has rich nutrition and is a raw material with lower cost.
6) The bacillus subtilis liquid is added into the pesticide disclosed by the invention, so that the effects of bacteriostasis, antibiosis and disease and insect pest prevention can be effectively improved, and the biological control can control the occurrence of diseases, is non-toxic and is environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the following examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 100kg of dried walnut shells, peanut shells, bagasse, buckwheat shells, corn husks and straws, crushing, mixing, adding 30kg of microbial strain decomposing agent, mixing uniformly, spraying clear water until the water content is 60% while mixing, transferring to a fermentation room plane for stacking and fermenting, wherein the stacking height is 50cm, turning over and fermenting for 24h after 24h, crushing and sieving for 20mm to obtain a soil conditioner, and scattering the soil conditioner into a desert area according to 300kg per mu;
step two: the method comprises the following steps of cutting corn straws of crops into grass square grids with the length of 50cm, fixing the grass square grids by using 2 x 2 meters in a desert area with a smooth terrain, fixing the grass square grids by using 1.5 x 1.5 meters in a desert area with an undulating terrain, wherein the grass square grids are square, fixing the grass square grids on dry sand by adopting a flat-end square spade to be pricked into sand by 20cm, exposing the ground by 30cm, and embedding the grass square grids on wet sand by adopting ditching for 20cm and exposing the ground by 30 cm;
step three: sowing and seedling raising, namely, drilling, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 25 kg, the sowing width is 10cm, the row spacing is 25cm, the furrow depth is 1.0cm, 30 seeds are sowed in each meter of furrow, sawdust is used for covering after sowing, soil is covered, the soil covering thickness is 1.5cm, the soil is pressed and leveled after covering, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after 7 days;
step four: planting the grass in grass squares by adopting strip-shaped afforestation, wherein the bandwidth is 5m, the strip spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
step five: watering 6 times a year, watering thoroughly the root system layer each time without water accumulation, loosening the soil, weeding 3 times a year, applying fertilizer 1 time each year, applying fertilizer 1000kg per mu, applying additional fertilizer 2 times, applying additional fertilizer 17 kg per mu, and spraying nontoxic insecticide 1 time each year.
The microbial strain decomposing inoculant in the first step comprises 15% of a microbial inoculant in percentage by mass, and the microbial inoculant is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The fertilizer in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of straw; 25 parts of corn husks; 20 parts of brewer's grain; 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 16 parts of plant ash; 5 parts of wood vinegar; 5 parts of a leavening agent; 5 parts of biological bacteria.
The nontoxic insecticide in the step five is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1% of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 0.3% of pyrethrin, 0.1% of deltamethrin, 0.02% of permethrin and the balance of water. The bacillus subtilis liquid is prepared by the following method: inoculating the strain on an agar culture medium plate, performing activation culture at 38 ℃ for 24h, selecting a single colony, inoculating the single colony into a liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, performing shake culture at 38 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, and filtering to obtain a bacterial liquid.
Example 2
A seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 100kg of dried walnut shells, peanut shells, bagasse, buckwheat shells, corn husks and straws, crushing, mixing, adding 30kg of microbial strain decomposing agent, mixing uniformly, spraying clear water until the water content is 60% while mixing, transferring to a fermentation room plane for stacking and fermenting, wherein the stacking height is 50cm, turning over and fermenting for 24h after 24h, crushing and sieving for 20mm to obtain a soil conditioner, and scattering the soil conditioner into a desert area according to 400kg per mu;
step two: the method comprises the following steps of taking corn stalks, sorghum stalks and wheat straws of crops as grass square grid materials, cutting the materials into 50cm long, fixing the materials by using 2 x 2 meters of grass square grids in a desert area with a smooth terrain, fixing the materials by using 1.5 x 1.5 meters of grass square grids in a desert area with an undulating terrain, wherein the grass square grids are rhombic, fixing the grass square grids on dry sand ground by adopting a flat-head square shovel to be pricked into the sand for 20cm, exposing the ground for 30cm, and burying the grass square grids on wet sand ground for 20cm and exposing the ground for 30cm by adopting ditching;
step three: sowing and seedling raising, namely, drilling, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 25 kg, the sowing width is 20cm, the row spacing is 30cm, the furrow depth is l.5cm, 40 seeds are sowed in each meter of furrow, sawdust is used for covering after sowing, soil is covered, the soil covering thickness is 1.5cm, the soil is pressed and leveled after covering, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after 10 days;
step four: planting the grass in grass squares by adopting strip-shaped afforestation, wherein the bandwidth is 5m, the strip spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
step five: watering 8 times every year, watering thoroughly the root system layer every time without water accumulation, loosening the soil, weeding 6 times every year, applying fertilizer 1 time every year, applying fertilizer 2000kg per mu, applying additional fertilizer 3 times, applying additional fertilizer 20 kg per mu, and spraying nontoxic insecticide 1 time every year.
The microbial strain decomposing inoculant in the first step comprises 15% of a microbial inoculant in percentage by mass, and the microbial inoculant is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The fertilizer in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of straw; 55 parts of corn husks; 40 parts of brewer's grain; 37 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 28 parts of plant ash; 20 parts of wood vinegar; 9 parts of a leavening agent; 10 parts of biological bacteria.
The nontoxic insecticide in the step five is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1.5 percent of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 0.5 percent of pyrethrin, 0.3 percent of deltamethrin, 0.04 percent of permethrin and the balance of water. The bacillus subtilis liquid is prepared by the following method: inoculating the strain on an agar culture medium plate, performing activation culture at 38 ℃ for 24h, selecting a single colony, inoculating the single colony into a liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, performing shake culture at 38 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, and filtering to obtain a bacterial liquid.
Example 3
A seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 100kg of dried walnut shells, peanut shells, bagasse, buckwheat shells, corn husks and straws, crushing, mixing, adding 30kg of microbial strain decomposing agent, mixing uniformly, spraying clear water until the water content is 60% while mixing, transferring to a fermentation room plane for stacking and fermenting, wherein the stacking height is 50cm, turning over and fermenting for 24h after 24h, crushing and sieving for 20mm to obtain a soil conditioner, and scattering 350kg of the soil conditioner into a desert area per mu;
step two: cutting reed, reed grass and sand bamboo into 50cm long, fixing the reed square in a desert area with a gentle topography by using 2 multiplied by 2 meters of grass square, fixing the reed square in a desert area with an undulating topography by using 1.5 multiplied by 1.5 meters of grass square, pricking dry sand grass square in sand by using a flat-end square spade for 20cm, exposing the ground for 30cm, burying wet sand in the sand by ditching for 20cm, and exposing the ground for 30 cm;
step three: sowing and seedling raising, namely, drilling, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 25 kg, the sowing width is 15cm, the row spacing is 28cm, the furrow depth is 1.3cm, 35 seeds are sowed in each meter of furrow, sawdust is used for covering after sowing, soil is covered, the soil covering thickness is 1.5cm, the soil is pressed and leveled after covering, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after 8 days;
step four: planting the grass in grass squares by adopting strip-shaped afforestation, wherein the bandwidth is 5m, the strip spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
step five: watering 7 times a year, watering thoroughly the root system layer each time without water accumulation, loosening the soil, weeding 5 times a year, fertilizing 1 time each year, fertilizing 1500kg per mu, topdressing 3 times, fertilizing 18 kg per mu, and spraying 1 time of nontoxic insecticide each year.
The microbial strain decomposing inoculant in the first step comprises 15% of a microbial inoculant in percentage by mass, and the microbial inoculant is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The fertilizer in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of straw; 40 parts of corn husks; 30 parts of brewer's grain; 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 20 parts of plant ash; 15 parts of wood vinegar; 8 parts of a leavening agent; 8 parts of biological bacteria.
The nontoxic insecticide in the step five is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1.2 percent of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 0.4 percent of pyrethrin, 0.2 percent of deltamethrin, 0.03 percent of permethrin and the balance of water. The bacillus subtilis liquid is prepared by the following method: inoculating the strain on an agar culture medium plate, performing activation culture at 38 ℃ for 24h, selecting a single colony, inoculating the single colony into a liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, performing shake culture at 38 ℃ for 12h, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, and filtering to obtain a bacterial liquid.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A seedling raising and afforestation method of ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 100kg of dried walnut shells, peanut shells, bagasse, buckwheat shells, corn husks and straws, crushing and mixing, then adding 30kg of microbial strain decomposing agent, mixing uniformly while spraying clear water until the water content is 60%, transferring into a fermentation room plane for stacking and fermentation, turning over piles after 24h, fermenting for 24h, crushing and sieving for 20mm to obtain a soil conditioner, and scattering 400kg of the soil conditioner into a desert area according to 300 per mu;
step two: cutting straws of crops or pasture as a grass square material into 50cm in length, fixing the grass square in a desert area with a gentle terrain by using 2 x 2 meters, fixing the grass square in a desert area with an undulating terrain by using 1.5 x 1.5 meters, fixing the grass square on dry sand by using a flat-end square spade, pricking 20cm into sand, exposing 30cm on the ground, and burying 20cm on wet sand by ditching and exposing 30cm on the ground;
step three: sowing and seedling raising, namely, drilling, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 25 kg, the sowing width is 10-20cm, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the furrow depth is 1.0-l.5cm, 30-40 seeds are sown in each furrow, sawdust is used for covering after sowing, soil is covered, the soil covering thickness is 1.5cm, the soil is pressed and leveled after covering, and the seedlings can be transplanted after 7-10 days;
step four: planting the grass in grass squares by adopting strip-shaped afforestation, wherein the bandwidth is 5m, the strip spacing is 4m, the plant spacing is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
step five: watering 6-8 times every year, watering thoroughly every time without water accumulation, loosening soil, weeding 3-6 times every year, fertilizing 1 time every year, fertilizing amount of 1000 plus materials per mu for 2000kg, topdressing 2-3 times, topdressing amount of 17-20 kg per mu, and spraying nontoxic insecticide 1 time every year.
2. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planar stacking height of the fermentation room in the step one is 50 cm.
3. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial strain decomposing inoculant in the first step comprises 15% of a microbial inoculant in percentage by mass, and the microbial inoculant is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
4. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straws in the second step are one or more of corn stalks, sorghum stalks and wheat straws.
5. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pasture in the second step is one or more of reed, reed grass and bamboo.
6. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grass square grid in the second step is square or diamond.
7. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-55 parts of straw; 25-55 parts of corn husks; 20-40 parts of beer grains; 20-37 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 16-28 parts of plant ash; 5-20 parts of wood vinegar; 5-9 parts of a leavening agent; 5-10 parts of biological bacteria.
8. The method for raising seedlings and afforesting ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert areas according to claim 1, wherein the nontoxic insecticide in the fifth step is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-1.5% of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 0.3-0.5% of pyrethrin, 0.1-0.3% of deltamethrin, 0.02-0.04% of permethrin and the balance of water.
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