CN110506465A - A kind of method that desertification land is modified to rice field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that desertification land is modified to rice field, belong to desertification land improving technology field.The method that desertification land of the present invention is modified to rice field, plot construction, establish reservoir at soil improvement；Wherein, plot construction are as follows: be bulldozed and remove gravel, excavate Ikeda, Chi Shen 0.8m builds Ikeda Si Bi with cement, and the bottom and surrounding are laid with antiseepage film, and bottom is successively laid with water and follows device, after draining bed course, backfills sandy soil.The rice planted on the rice field that the present invention program is modified to can obtain preferable yield, can not be self-sufficient for the cereal crops of desert area country the problems such as can provide solution.

Description

A kind of method that desertification land is modified to rice field

Technical field

The invention belongs to desertification land improving technology fields, and in particular to a kind of desertification land is modified to the side in rice field Method.

Background technique

Desert is primarily referred to as ground completely by sand covers, plant is very rare, rainwater is rare, air dried uncultivated Area.Drought and water shortage, the area of plant rareness.Desert region is sandy beach or sand dune mostly, and the lower rock of sand also often occurs.Some Desert is salt flat, absolutely not draft.

Dubai generally within Middle East center, positioned at the ground in the desert of the flat piece towards the Persian Gulf.Dubai city The west and south in street are desert regions, and western end is mountainous country.Dubai is subtropical climate, is divided into two season of summer in winter.Summer is most High temperature reaches 50 DEG C sometimes, although not raining completely, often observes 100% humidity, unusual high temperature is more It is wet, it is to allow people's uncomfortable summer.On the contrary, annual November to the winter during March can allow people to feel cold again.In addition, sand and dust It is the common natural calamity in Dubai cruelly.

Rice is important one of cereal crops, in the world nearly half population, is all food with rice.Rice is except edible Outside, it can also make wine, refine sugar, as the raw material of industry, rice husk, rice straw can be used as feed.

In desert area rice cultivation, there are the huge challenges of many aspects, high including extreme day and night temperature, underground Salinity water level, low humidity lack fresh water, sandstorm, lack soil aggregate structure, lacking many aspects such as germplasm resource, such as Dubai is in 6-7 month surface temperature up to 54 degrees Celsius or more, and day and night temperature maximum is up to 30 degree or more, 7-8 meters of desert underground As salinity is up to 1.6% salt water, and soil surface layer is fine sand, and underground 50-80cm is decayed rock structure.

The success of the experimental cultivation of rice self-sufficient can not provide for the cereal crops of the Middle East and North African Area country Solution eliminates starvation for these countries for lacking grain, brings peace and prosperity.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of desertification lands to be modified to The method in rice field.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A kind of method that desertification land is modified to rice field, including plot construction, soil improvement, establish reservoir；Wherein, The plot construction are as follows: be bulldozed and remove gravel, excavate Ikeda, Chi Shen 0.8m builds Ikeda Si Bi, the bottom and surrounding with cement It is laid with antiseepage film, bottom is successively laid with water and follows device, after draining bed course, backfills sandy soil.

On the basis of above scheme, the antiseepage film is the HDPE geomembrane of black, by thermoplastic resin material and is gathered Vinyl is made.

On the basis of above scheme, the soil improvement are as follows: application organic matter improvement soil, 0.8-1 tons per acre, wherein Organic matter is mixed with sandy soil by 1:2 mass ratio, 20 centimeters deep.

On the basis of above scheme, in the soil improvement organic matter by following components parts by weights array at:

20-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of rice straw, 150-200 parts of horsehit, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of sawdust, corruption It grows 30-40 parts sour.

On the basis of above scheme, reservoir reservoir storage >=2000 sides of foundation.

On the basis of above scheme, the method that the desertification land is modified to rice field, steps are as follows:

1. plot is built: be bulldozed and remove gravel, excavate Ikeda, Chi Shen 0.8m builds Ikeda Si Bi with cement, the bottom and Surrounding is laid with the HDPE geomembrane of black, and bottom is successively laid with water and follows device, after draining bed course, backfills sandy soil；

2. soil improvement: application organic matter improves soil, and 0.8-1 tons per acre, wherein organic matter and sandy soil press 1:2 mass ratio Mixing, it is 20 centimeters deep；The organic matter are as follows: 20-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of rice straw, 150-200 parts of horsehit, rice bran 10- 20 parts, 15-25 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of humic acid；

3. establishing reservoir: the reservoir reservoir storage of foundation >=2000 sides.

The method of rice cultivation on the rice field that the above method is modified to, comprising the following steps:

(1) seed selection seedling and management: strong seedling is cultivated in selection high-temperature resistant water rice varieties, vernalization sowing；

(2) rice transplantation by hand: soaked field, seedling leaf reach four leaves it is wholeheartedly above when, carry out rice transplantation by hand；

(3) it Honda management after rice transplanting: fertilizer management: requires according to organic standard, is added with respectively in period of seedling establishment and heading stage Machine fertilizer；Pencil reason: pest control；Water management: rice different stages of growth are directed to, are irrigated in due course；Artificial weeding；

(4) it surveys and produces, harvests.

The advantages of technical solution of the present invention

Desert lacks soil aggregate structure, and under the double action of water shortage arid and high temperature evaporation, soil can not be retained Fertilizer, the through the invention consolidation of technical solution can be realized liquid manure circulation, reaches fresh-water-saving resource, avoids secondary salt Alkalize and establish the purpose of soil aggregate structure；The utilization of water circulation system efficiently solves the problems, such as the waste of water resource, this It is most important in the desert area of high temperature and drought.The rice planted on the rice field that the present invention program is modified to can obtain preferably Yield, can not be self-sufficient for the cereal crops of desert area country the problems such as can provide solution.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that sectional view is built in Ikeda.

Specific embodiment

Term as used in the present invention generally has those of ordinary skill in the art usual unless otherwise specified The meaning of understanding.

Combined with specific embodiments below, and referring to the data further detailed description present invention.Following embodiment only be It illustrates the present invention, rather than limits the scope of the invention in any way.

Embodiment 1

1 consolidation

Start project construction in Dubai on January 8th, 2018, starts to carry out consolidation.

Step:

1) plot is built: bull-dozer is bulldozed and (removes gravel)-excavator and excavates Ikeda (pond depth 0.8m)-cement block Ikeda Four walls-are most beneath and surrounding is laid with the black HDPE geomembrane of 1.2mm thickness (by thermoplastic resin material-polyvinyl resin system Form)-bottom laying water circle device-laying draining bed course (rubble)-backfill sandy soil.Guarantee plant experimentally basin irrigation, draining can Control and liquid manure circulation, backfill sandy soil really restore desert state.

2) soil improvement

Sandy soil in desert lack soil aggregate structure, and organic matter and content of microorganisms are extremely low, are changed by applying organic matter Good soil, 0.8-1 tons per acre, wherein organic matter is mixed with sandy soil by 1:2 mass ratio, 20 centimeters deep, and the water conservation for improving soil is protected Fertile ability.

In the soil improvement organic matter by following components parts by weights array at:

20-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of rice straw, 150-200 parts of horsehit, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of sawdust, corruption It grows 30-40 parts sour.

3) reservoir

Reservoir is established, ensures that water storage function, reservoir at least meet 2000 side of water storage.

2 seed selection seedling and management

Due to the desert climate of Dubai, plantation must select high temperature resistant kind, to adapt to local climate feature.

Step:

1) seed treatment:

On January 10th, 2018 starts to soak seed.First with normal-temperature water immersion 24 hours, timing is stirred up and down, together within first day When fall not plump paddy clearly with bamboo strainer；It is stirred up and down with water seed soaking, timing within second day, daytime soaks night and receives；Night vernalization in second day, next day are broadcast Kind.Notice that kind storeroom prevents from mixing.Total to have 40 kinds, each kind varies in weight, and kind inventory is shown in Table 1.

1 seed inventory of table

2) seedling disk is sowed

On January 12nd, 2018 starts to sow, and carries out in the greenhouse for planting vegetable that place selects local translucency good, seedling is adopted With seedling-cultivation plate mode, to facilitate the transport of later period rice shoot.Using organic matter seedling dry rice seedling, sandy soil are admixed in substrate soil, Make the mixing mass ratio 1:3 of sandy soil and matrix, can effectively fix rice shoot, while retain water and nutrients good permeability, is conducive to seedling Seed plate root puts seedling bed in order, lays out seedling disk, seedling bedside 120cm；0.25-0.3 jins of each seedling disk seed quantitative (wet kind), seed It is uniformly spread on seedling disk, is then covered with and states matrix 2cm thickness.Based on being irrigated with water drenching, seedling raising ground substance water logging is soaked, is prevented in the process Only seed is exposed, and the entire seedling phase will keep certain humidity, ensures requirement of the seedling to temperature and humidity, improves germination percentage and cultivation Strong seedling.

3) seedling Tian Guanli

Since when ground temperature height, after planting 3-5 days both start to emerge, the management of seedling field is mainly to maintain wet, seedling raising ground substance Fertility is limited, and in two leaf of rice shoot, wholeheartedly leaf color falls after Huang 5-10 kilograms of Nitrogen Top Dressing, is segmented into 2-3 times and spreads fertilizer over the fields.

It is after planting sprayed water daily using the good sprayer of atomizing effect, prevents from coming out seed shower in the process.

After rice shoot reaches four leaves, timely rice transplanting.Before rice transplanting, rice shoot is moved away from into greenhouse, is put under outdoor natural environment and refines Seedling 3-5 days.Both play the role of hardening, be also prevented from rice shoot since illumination is insufficient and the phenomenon that yellow occur.

3 rice transplantation by hands

Total plantation mu number of Dubai project is 30 mu.According to transplanting time, soaked field is successively carried out.

Soaked field: organic matter is uniformly mixed with backfill sandy soil when consolidation, is raked, after pour water soaked field, 3-5 centimeters of holding Water layer.Locality is artificial to carry out water leveling without paddy field equipment.Because organic matter application amount is larger, 500 milli of microbial inoculum is applied per acre It rises, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, no longer apply other chemical fertilizer.

The microbial inoculum is formulated by complex microorganism and water according to 1:300 volume ratio；

The complex microorganism is by bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, rape Pseudomonas alba, solution starch gemma Bacillus and bacillus megaterium are formed by viable bacteria amount 2:1:1:2:1；Living bacteria count >=100,000,000,000/g in complex microorganism.

On 2 13rd, 2018, seedling leaf reach four leaves wholeheartedly more than, the length of time rice seedlings grow 30 days or so, start carry out rice transplantation by hand. Rice transplanting specification: line-spacing 30cm, 15~20cm of spacing in the rows, two, every cave Basic Seedling.

Honda management after 4 rice transplantings

Both be transferred to Honda management after rice transplanting, Honda management divide period of seedling establishment, tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, the heading poplar bloassom phase, at Ripe phase etc., respectively in face of many aspects such as extreme day and night temperature, dry hot weather, shortage fresh water, sandstorms.

Fertilizer management: Cultivate administration is required in strict accordance with organic standard, and chemical fertilizer is also only limitted to biological organic fertilizer, in period of seedling establishment and Heading stage increases separately 100 kgs/acre and 200 kgs/acre of import organic fertilizer.Honda is without using the chemistry fertilizer such as urea, compound fertilizer Material.

Pencil reason: the prevention and treatment of insect pest is carried out using only 4000-6000 times of 1.8% avermectin, is had without using other high poisons Evil pesticide.

Water management:

1) period of seedling establishment: due to the weather of dry high temperature, paddy field keeps certain water layer, with 3-5 centimeters.

2) tillering stage: tiller Feng Tianhou dry field, dry field will also keep wet, take multiple dry field mode, avoid rice height Temperature dehydration.It plays the effect of water circulation system: irrigating the water in reservoir in rice field ground surface shallow water by controlling water pump, to protect Dressing Moist Rice Field is held, reservoir is not flowed back to by the collecting pipe of water circle device by the moisture that rice absorbing utilizes；

3) jointing-booting stage: water depth 3cm-5cm, field of drying in the air in due course；

4) ear the poplar bloassom phase: shallow irrigation, moisten based on.

5) maturity period: intermittent irrigation.

Grass management: artificial weeding is not suitable for herbicide.

To reduce windburn, increases air humidity, improve Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice, imperial wind barrier is built around Ikeda and sunshade adds Wet equipment.Spray irrigation system is established, influence of the high temperature to paddy growth during dry field is lowered.

It irrigates water problems and needs to exhaust the waste for more renewing water first is that Submergence time is too long；Second is that sustaining temperature is excessively high When, need fill new water, the waste that night exhausts daytime；Solution is recycled using water circulation system, and reservoir stores Water.

5 survey production and result

May 26, the internation combination of five expert's compositions such as International Rice institute, India, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and China, which is surveyed, to be produced Expert group to the kind of first batch of maturation carried out survey produce, from International Rice expert Mr. Ye Guoyou appoint group leader.

1) selection kind: according to field growing way, kind number be YCLJ59, YCYJ48, YCRN4H, YCSTU9712 and Five kinds of YCLJ58 have opposite high yield potential, determine above-mentioned five kinds to survey product kind.

2) it samples: because cultivated area is smaller, being not suitable for large area sampling, therefore randomly select 50 plants of every kind single plant, remember Every kind panicle number per plant is recorded, according to planting density and then calculates number of productive ear per acre；It is uniform to randomly select upgrowth situation 3 plants of consistent single plant records its every total grain panicle number, Defined daily doses, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, is used for Production rate.

3) yield Production rate: is calculated using the theoretical method produced of surveying

The effective fringe of theoretical yield (kilogram)=mu (fringe) × grain number per spike (grain) × setting percentage (%) × mass of 1000 kernel (gram) × 10- 6 × 85%

It is produced by surveying, five kinds of number YCLJ59, YCYJ48, YCRN4H, YCSTU9712 and YCLJ58, which are surveyed, to be produced Amount is respectively as follows: 7.8041 tons/hectare, 7.4106 tons/hectare, 7.3076 tons/hectare, 5.952 tons/hectare and 4.8266 tons/public affairs Hectare, these kinds all have exceeded the per mu yield of 4.539 ton/hectare of whole world rice (from FAO statistical data in 2014).

Number is that YCLJ59 highest per mu yield has reached 520 kilograms, this indicates the rice test kind in Dubai desert area Plant achieves interim success.

6 harvesting harvests

Into after July, rice is all mature, carries out mechanical harvesting.Anti- bird is paid attention to before harvesting, protection animal is focused in locality, Therefore it takes and drives and cover two ways.

7 sunnings

It shines on road, manually spreads harvested grain on a threshing floor, ted, stockyard can be packed when paddy water content is lower than 14%.

The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc. Imitate embodiment.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to above embodiments institute Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method that desertification land is modified to rice field, which is characterized in that including plot construction, soil improvement, establish storage Pond；Wherein, the plot construction are as follows: be bulldozed and remove gravel, excavate Ikeda, Chi Shen 0.8m builds Ikeda Si Bi with cement, most Bottom and surrounding are laid with antiseepage film, and bottom is successively laid with water and follows device, after draining bed course, backfill sandy soil.

2. the method that desertification land is modified to rice field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the antiseepage film is black HDPE geomembrane, be made by thermoplastic resin material and polyvinyl resin.

3. the method that desertification land is modified to rice field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil improvement are as follows: It applies organic matter and improves soil, 0.8-1 tons per acre, wherein organic matter is mixed with sandy soil by 1:2 mass ratio, 20 centimeters deep.

4. the method that desertification land is modified to rice field according to claim 3, which is characterized in that have in the soil improvement Machine matter by following components parts by weights array at:

20-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of rice straw, 150-200 parts of horsehit, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of sawdust, humic acid 30-40 parts.

5. the method that desertification land is modified to rice field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reservoir water storage of foundation Measure >=2000 sides.

6. the method that any one desertification land is modified to rice field according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that step is such as Under:

1. plot is built: being bulldozed and remove gravel, excavate Ikeda, Chi Shen 0.8m builds Ikeda Si Bi, the bottom and surrounding with cement It is laid with the HDPE geomembrane of black, bottom is successively laid with water and follows device, after draining bed course, backfills sandy soil；

2. soil improvement: application organic matter improves soil, and 0.8-1 tons per acre, wherein organic matter and sandy soil are mixed by 1:2 mass ratio It closes, it is 20 centimeters deep；The organic matter are as follows: 20-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of rice straw, 150-200 parts of horsehit, rice bran 10-20 Part, 15-25 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of humic acid；

3. establishing reservoir: the reservoir reservoir storage of foundation >=2000 sides.

7. the method for rice cultivation on the rice field that claim 6 the method is modified to, which is characterized in that including following step It is rapid:

(1) seed selection seedling and management: strong seedling is cultivated in selection high-temperature resistant water rice varieties, vernalization sowing；

(2) rice transplantation by hand: soaked field, seedling leaf reach four leaves it is wholeheartedly above when, carry out rice transplantation by hand；

(3) Honda management after rice transplanting: fertilizer management: requiring according to organic standard, adds organic fertilizer respectively in period of seedling establishment and heading stage； Pencil reason: pest control；Water management: rice different stages of growth are directed to, are irrigated in due course；Artificial weeding；

(4) it surveys and produces, harvests.