CN110651683B - Light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings - Google Patents
Light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings, which comprises seedbed arrangement, seedling raising substrate laying, seeding, seedling stage management and temporary planting. The method can well improve the seeding budding rate and the survival rate of the temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane seedlings, and the seedlings have developed root systems and are healthy and strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings.
Background
Sugarcane sexual cross breeding is the most extensive and effective method for improving modern sugarcane varieties, and most of sugarcane varieties applied in the production of cane sugar are bred by adopting the sexual cross breeding method. On the basis of selection and combined matching of excellent hybrid parents, pollination and hybridization are carried out to obtain hybrid seeds, seedlings are sowed and cultivated, plants with excellent characters are selected from the hybrid seedlings, and finally, excellent new sugarcane varieties are bred through breeding procedures of a hybrid nursery, a seed selection nursery, an identification nursery, a preliminary product ratio nursery, a quality ratio nursery, a regional test, a production demonstration test and the like. The seedling raising method and the management quality of the sugarcane seedlings directly influence the breeding probability and the variety structure of sugarcane varieties, however, the seedbed is easy to harden, the air permeability, the heat preservation, the moisture preservation and other capabilities are poor, the emergence rate is low, the seedlings are weak and have undeveloped root systems, the field transplanting survival rate is low, the seedling situation is poor, and the plant selection work of a hybrid nursery is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, leveling soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of a compartment is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm;
(2) laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a layer of light and simple seedling raising matrix on the arranged seedling bed; the light and simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of humus soil, 8-10 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of loess core, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of decomposed wormcast, 5-8 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 5-8 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the fertilizer;
(3) sowing: spraying water on the seedbed 10-15h before sowing, uniformly scattering sugarcane seeds on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, covering the seedbed compartment with the light and simple seedling raising matrix by 1-2cm in thickness, and then uniformly scattering covering materials with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, wherein the covering materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of fine river sand, 1-3 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of straw bran and 1-3 parts of coconut husk, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the fertilizer; spraying water onto the seedbed by using a spray head after seeding, compacting, spraying and sterilizing by using 0.2-0.5% carbendazim solution after spraying water, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
(4) seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt;
(5) temporary planting: and (3) temporarily planting the seedlings by using a plug when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, paving the light and simple seedling culture substrate in holes of the plug, planting the seedlings into the holes, then spreading the covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Preferably, the light and simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of humus soil, 9 parts of diatomite, 7 parts of yellow core soil, 4 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of decomposed wormcast, 7 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 6 parts of decomposed pine nut shell.
Preferably, the covering material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of fine river sand, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of straw chaff and 2 parts of coconut chaff.
Preferably, the yellow core soil is yellow core soil with the surface area less than 30 cm.
Preferably, the straw bran is a decomposed main substrate obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane stalks of sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing stack retting fermentation.
Preferably, in the step (2), the laying thickness of the light and simple seedling raising substrate is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch membrane is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch membrane is covered and the two ends of the arch membrane are opened at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%.
Preferably, the plug is a square 32-hole (4 × 8) plug, the upper aperture of the hole of the plug is 58-60mm, the lower aperture is 35-37mm, and the volume is 110-. The space of the holes is proper, which is beneficial to the root growth of the seedling, can form a bulk structure better, and is convenient for the transplanting, transporting and planting of the seedling in the field.
The seedbed finishing specification of the invention is beneficial to management work such as seedbed drainage, fertilization and water spraying, small arch film covering, weed removal and the like.
The raw materials used in the invention can be purchased from the market.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the light and simple seedling raising substrate consists of humus soil, diatomite, loess, vermiculite, decomposed earthworm cast, decomposed mangosteen shell and decomposed pine nut shell. The humus soil is light and loose, has good water and air permeability, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and multiple pores, is not hardened after long-term application, is rich in organic matters, humic acid, a small amount of vitamins, auxin, trace elements and the like, and can promote the growth and development of seedlings; the diatomite mainly contains opal, is soft and porous in texture and is beneficial to the rooting of seeds and the growth of root systems; the yellow core soil has good structure, can better protect the root system of young and tender seedlings, reduces water loss, almost does not contain weeds, harmful bacteria and the like, is beneficial to the rooting and sprouting of seedlings and reduces the growth of weeds on a seedbed; the vermiculite can increase the porosity, air permeability and water absorption of the seedling culture substrate, and the temperature change is small, so that the germination of seeds is facilitated; the decomposed wormcast is granular, has good air permeability, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, organic matters, humic acid, amino acid and the like, and can promote seed germination and growth and development of seedlings; the mangosteen shells and the pine nut shells have rich nitrogen nutrients, trace elements, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrient substances, have good water permeability and ventilation performance after being decomposed, can increase the porosity and porosity of a seedling culture medium when being added into the seedling culture medium, can fully keep the root systems of seedlings to absorb more water and nutrients in the growth period, and promote the healthy development of the root systems of the seedlings. Therefore, the light and simple seedling culture medium contains rich nutrient substances and beneficial bioactive components, has good air permeability and good heat preservation and moisture preservation, is beneficial to the root development of sugarcane seedlings, promotes the development of the root system, has short seedling culture period, uniform and strong seedlings, and has high seeding and budding rate and seedling transplanting survival rate.
(2) According to the invention, after sowing, covering materials consisting of fine river sand, plant ash, straw chaff and coconut chaff are uniformly scattered, and the straw chaff and the coconut chaff are decomposed, so that the displacement of seeds during water spraying can be avoided; after being mixed, the fine river sand, the plant ash, the straw chaff and the coconut chaff have good air permeability and moisture retention, can prevent the surface from hardening, and is favorable for sprouting and breaking soil of the seedlings.
(3) The invention adopts an arch film covering mode, has good warming and moisturizing effects, is convenient for seedbed illumination and ventilation regulation and control, night dew absorption and the like.
(4) The germination rate of the seeds cultured by the method reaches more than 95 percent, the survival rate of the temporary planted seedlings reaches more than 99 percent, the temporary planted seedlings are healthy and strong, and the seedlings basically survive in field transplantation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing the seedbed soil, leveling the soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm.
(2) Laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a light and simple seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the arranged seedling bed; the simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of humus soil, 9 parts of diatomite, 7 parts of yellow core soil, 4 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of decomposed wormcast, 7 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 6 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and uniformly mixing the components; the used yellow core soil is the yellow core soil with the surface area below 30 cm.
(3) Sowing: the parent combination of the selected sugarcane hybrid seeds is CP94-1100 multiplied by cinnamic sugar 03-8, the seedbed is drenched with water 12h before sowing, the sugarcane seeds are uniformly sowed on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, a light and simple seedling raising substrate is firstly used for covering 1-2cm thick, then a covering material with the thickness of 0.5-1cm is uniformly sowed, and the composition and the weight parts of the used covering material are as follows: 6 parts of fine river sand, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of straw chaff and 2 parts of coconut chaff, and the components are uniformly mixed; spraying water onto the seedbed by using a spray head after seeding, compacting, spraying 0.3% carbendazim solution for sterilization after spraying water, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane roots of the sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation.
(4) Seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the day, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch film is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered and the two ends are opened at night, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned.
(5) Temporary planting: and (3) when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, performing temporary planting by using a plug tray, wherein the plug tray is a square 32-hole (4 multiplied by 8) plug tray, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 58-60mm, the lower caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 35-37mm, the volume of the hole is 110 plus 115mL, paving a light and simple seedling raising substrate in the hole of the plug tray, planting the seedlings in the hole, then spreading a covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Example 2
A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing the seedbed soil, leveling the soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm.
(2) Laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a light and simple seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the arranged seedling bed; the simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of humus soil, 9 parts of diatomite, 8 parts of yellow core soil, 3.5 parts of vermiculite, 11 parts of decomposed wormcast, 6 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 7 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and uniformly mixing the components; the used yellow core soil is the yellow core soil with the surface area below 30 cm.
(3) Sowing: the parent combination of the selected sugarcane hybrid seeds is HOP92-648 XDE sugarcane 07-36, the seedbed is drenched with water 13h before sowing, the sugarcane seeds are uniformly sowed on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, firstly, the light simple seedling raising substrate is used for covering 1-2cm thick, and then, covering materials with the thickness of 0.5-1cm are uniformly sowed, and the composition and the weight parts of the used covering materials are as follows: 7 parts of fine river sand, 2.5 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of straw chaff and 2.5 parts of coconut chaff, and the components are uniformly mixed; spraying water onto the seedbed by using a spray head after seeding, compacting, spraying 0.3% carbendazim solution for sterilization after spraying water, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane roots of the sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation.
(4) Seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the day, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch film is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered and the two ends are opened at night, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned.
(5) Temporary planting: and (3) when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, performing temporary planting by using a plug tray, wherein the plug tray is a square 32-hole (4 multiplied by 8) plug tray, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 58-60mm, the lower caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 35-37mm, the volume of the hole is 110 plus 115mL, paving a light and simple seedling raising substrate in the hole of the plug tray, planting the seedlings in the hole, then spreading a covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Example 3
A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing the seedbed soil, leveling the soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm.
(2) Laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a light and simple seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the arranged seedling bed; the simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of humus soil, 9 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of yellow core soil, 4.5 parts of vermiculite, 9 parts of decomposed wormcast, 7 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 7 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and uniformly mixing the components; the used yellow core soil is the yellow core soil with the surface area below 30 cm.
(3) Sowing: the parent combination of the selected sugarcane hybrid seeds is ROC25 XGuangdong sugar 91-976, the seedbed is drenched with water 14h before sowing, the sugarcane seeds are uniformly sowed on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, a light simple seedling raising substrate is firstly used for covering 1-2cm thick, then a covering material with the thickness of 0.5-1cm is uniformly sowed, and the composition and the weight parts of the used covering material are as follows: 6.5 parts of fine river sand, 1.5 parts of plant ash, 2.5 parts of straw bran and 1.5 parts of coconut husk, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the fertilizer; spraying water onto the seedbed by using a spray head after seeding, compacting, spraying 0.4% carbendazim solution for sterilization after spraying water, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane roots of the sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation.
(4) Seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the day, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch film is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered and the two ends are opened at night, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned.
(5) Temporary planting: and (3) when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, performing temporary planting by using a plug tray, wherein the plug tray is a square 32-hole (4 multiplied by 8) plug tray, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 58-60mm, the lower caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 35-37mm, the volume of the hole is 110 plus 115mL, paving a light and simple seedling raising substrate in the hole of the plug tray, planting the seedlings in the hole, then spreading a covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Example 4
A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing the seedbed soil, leveling the soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm.
(2) Laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a light and simple seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the arranged seedling bed; the simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: the soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing 10 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of yellow core soil, 5 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of decomposed wormcast, 8 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 5 parts of decomposed pine nut shell; the used yellow core soil is the yellow core soil with the surface area below 30 cm.
(3) Sowing: the parent combination of the selected sugarcane hybrid seeds is 89-7 of Liucheng 05-136 multiplied by sugarcane, the seedbed is drenched with water 15 hours before sowing, the sugarcane seeds are uniformly sowed on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, a light and simple seedling raising substrate is firstly used for covering 1-2cm thick, then a covering material with the thickness of 0.5-1cm is uniformly sowed, and the composition and the weight parts of the used covering material are as follows: 5 parts of fine river sand, 3 parts of plant ash, 1 part of straw bran and 3 parts of coconut husk, and uniformly mixing the components; spraying water onto the seedbed with a sprayer after seeding, spraying 0.2% carbendazim solution for sterilization, and covering the seedbed with an arch film for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane roots of the sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation.
(4) Seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the day, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch film is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered and the two ends are opened at night, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned.
(5) Temporary planting: and (3) when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, performing temporary planting by using a plug tray, wherein the plug tray is a square 32-hole (4 multiplied by 8) plug tray, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 58-60mm, the lower caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 35-37mm, the volume of the hole is 110 plus 115mL, paving a light and simple seedling raising substrate in the hole of the plug tray, planting the seedlings in the hole, then spreading a covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Example 5
A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing the seedbed soil, leveling the soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm.
(2) Laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a light and simple seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the arranged seedling bed; the simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of humus soil, 8 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of yellow core soil, 3 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of decomposed wormcast, 5 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 8 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and uniformly mixing the components; the used yellow core soil is the yellow core soil with the surface area below 30 cm.
(3) Sowing: the parent combination of the selected sugarcane hybrid seeds is Liucheng 07-536 XHOCP 03-716, the seedbed is drenched with water 10 hours before sowing, the sugarcane seeds are uniformly sowed on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, a light and simple seedling raising substrate is firstly used for covering 1-2cm thick, then a covering material with the thickness of 0.5-1cm is uniformly sowed, and the composition and the weight parts of the used covering material are as follows: 8 parts of fine river sand, 1 part of plant ash, 3 parts of straw bran and 1 part of coconut husk, and uniformly mixing the components; spraying water onto the seedbed with a sprayer after seeding, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution for sterilization, and covering the seedbed with an arch film for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing cane stems, cane leaves and cane roots of the sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation.
(4) Seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the day, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; in the early stage of seedling emergence, the arch film is completely opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered and the two ends are opened at night, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned.
(5) Temporary planting: and (3) when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, performing temporary planting by using a plug tray, wherein the plug tray is a square 32-hole (4 multiplied by 8) plug tray, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 58-60mm, the lower caliber of the hole of the plug tray is 35-37mm, the volume of the hole is 110 plus 115mL, paving a light and simple seedling raising substrate in the hole of the plug tray, planting the seedlings in the hole, then spreading a covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
Statistics of the germination and temporary plant survival of the sugarcane seeds of examples 1-5 of the present invention are given, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 germination and temporary survival of sugarcane seeds according to the invention
Remarking: the seed germination rate detection method comprises the steps of (1) providing seed germination rate determination data for a Hainan sugarcane breeding farm;
the cultivation germination rate is [% of cultivation germination/(germination rate for seed detection × 2) ] × 100%;
the survival rate of the temporary planting is (number of survival seedlings temporary planting/number of temporary planting) multiplied by 100%.
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate of the seeds cultured by the method reaches more than 95%, the survival rate of the temporary planted seedlings reaches more than 99%, the temporary planted seedlings are healthy and strong, and the seedlings basically survive in field transplantation.
Claims (7)
1. A light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) seedbed arrangement: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, leveling soil moisture and ridging, wherein the width of a compartment is 1.2-1.5m, and the height is 20-25 cm;
(2) laying a seedling culture substrate: laying a layer of light and simple seedling raising matrix on the arranged seedling bed; the light and simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of humus soil, 8-10 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of loess core, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of decomposed wormcast, 5-8 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 5-8 parts of decomposed pine nut shell, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the fertilizer;
(3) sowing: spraying water on the seedbed 10-15h before sowing, uniformly scattering sugarcane seeds on the surface of the seedbed compartment during sowing, covering the seedbed compartment with the light and simple seedling raising matrix by 1-2cm in thickness, and then uniformly scattering covering materials with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, wherein the covering materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of fine river sand, 1-3 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of straw bran and 1-3 parts of coconut husk, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the fertilizer; spraying water onto the seedbed by using a spray head after seeding, compacting, spraying and sterilizing by using 0.2-0.5% carbendazim solution after spraying water, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation; the straw bran is a decomposed main matrix obtained by crushing sugarcane stalks, sugarcane leaves and sugarcane stalks of sugarcane in a mature period, adding water, and performing composting fermentation;
(4) seedling stage management: during seed germination, the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-90%; when 3-4 leaves grow out, the arched film is completely uncovered, and when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt;
(5) temporary planting: and (3) temporarily planting the seedlings by using a plug when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, paving the light and simple seedling culture substrate in holes of the plug, planting the seedlings into the holes, then spreading the covering material, and spraying water thoroughly.
2. The light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the light simple seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of humus soil, 9 parts of diatomite, 7 parts of yellow core soil, 4 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of decomposed wormcast, 7 parts of decomposed mangosteen shell and 6 parts of decomposed pine nut shell.
3. The light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the covering material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of fine river sand, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of straw chaff and 2 parts of coconut chaff.
4. The light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the yellow core soil is yellow core soil with a surface area of 30cm or less.
5. The light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2), the light simple seedling raising matrix is laid to a thickness of 5-8 cm.
6. The light simple substrate seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), the arch film is completely opened at the early stage of seedling emergence when the temperature is high in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed, the arch film is covered at night, the two ends of the arch film are opened, the temperature in the arch film is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%.
7. The light simple matrix seedling raising method for sugarcane seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plug is a square 32-hole plug, the upper caliber of the hole of the plug is 58-60mm, the lower caliber is 35-37mm, and the volume is 110-115 mL.
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