CN112470830A - Seed propagation technology of atractylodes lancea of Compositae - Google Patents
Seed propagation technology of atractylodes lancea of Compositae Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed propagation technology of atractylodes lancea of Compositae, belonging to the technical field of propagation of atractylodes lancea, the seed propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae simultaneously treats the selected ground as base fertilizer, adopts three times of topdressing in the subsequent process, the three times are respectively the 5 months of the seedling stage, the application of clear liquid dung per mu, the second time of topdressing from the middle ten days of June to the full growth stage of the early July, the third time of topdressing before 8 months of blooming, and proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate are applied in cooperation with the third additional fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate and Balinda Bika bacterial manure are applied in cooperation with the second additional fertilizer, so that sufficient nutrient support can be maintained in the process from the seedling formation to the flowering of the rhizoma atractylodis, under the maintenance of sufficient fertility, the buds are removed in a matching way, so that the nutrients are concentrated at the roots, the growth of the root system is promoted, proper amount of rhizome expander is sprayed in the middle ten days of 9 months, so that the yield is greatly improved when the rhizome expander is kept in later picking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rhizoma atractylodis propagation, and particularly relates to a seed propagation technology of rhizoma atractylodis of Compositae.
Background
Rhizoma atractylodis is a common traditional Chinese medicinal material, and has a long application history. It is listed as the superior product in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen nong's herbal). The product has the efficacies of eliminating dampness, strengthening spleen, dispelling wind, removing cold and improving eyesight, is flat or obliquely lifted in rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis, grows thick or generally into a keloid shape, grows a plurality of adventitious roots with equal or nearly equal thickness, has upright stems, grows single or a few stems in clusters, is normally purple red below the lower part or the middle part, and has sparse spider-shaped hair or no hair on all stem branches. The rhizoma atractylodis has strong cold resistance, is cool and loved, has sufficient illumination, and is loved in the climate condition with larger temperature difference between day and night; atractylodes lancea likes cool, mild and humid climate, has strong cold resistance, and is afraid of strong light and high temperature. China has a plurality of districts, grow in the area of the elevation 50 meters to 1900 meters, rhizoma atractylodis is one of the bulk medicinal materials of China now, its medicinal value is high, the market demand is very big, all there is the cultivation in each place of China, generally use seed reproduction to give first place to when planting, it is very critical to grow seedlings when planting, relation to output and quality, there is not a systematic cultivation and planting system in the most planting process of present rhizoma atractylodis from the seedling stage, it prevents that the non-individual peasant household from planting by experience and vigor mostly to plant, make it when planting, there is certain not enough in promotion of output and prevention etc. of plant diseases and insect pests, make its planting suffer certain loss easily.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a seed propagation technology of an atractylodes lancea belonging to the Compositae family, which solves the problems that no systematic cultivation and planting system exists in the self-seedling stage in most of the existing planting processes of the atractylodes lancea, most of the atractylodes lancea are planted to prevent the atractylodes from being planted by individual farmers through experience and growth vigor, so that the yield is improved, certain defects exist in the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests and the like during planting, and the planting is easy to suffer certain loss.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a seed propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae comprises the following steps:
a. screening: the rhizoma atractylodis is firstly cultivated by adopting seeds, and the seeds without plant diseases and insect pests, which have full grains, fresh color and consistent maturity, are selected for planting.
b. Selecting land: in the early 4 months, a land block which is fertile, loose, sufficient in illumination and good in drainage is selected as a seedling raising land, preferably humus soil or sandy loam.
c. Fertilizing: and (3) applying chemical fertilizer or farmyard manure as base fertilizer in soil preparation, selecting and matching diammonium phosphate for the chemical fertilizer, uniformly applying 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate to each mu, then finely leveling the planted soil, and then spraying some insecticide on the leveled soil surface.
d. Breeding preparation: the land is turned into a seedbed with the width of 110-130 cm and the height of 20-30 cm.
e. Seed treatment: then soaking the seeds in warm water with the initial temperature of 25 ℃ before sowing, fully absorbing the moisture of the seeds, strictly controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, and immediately sowing when the seeds germinate and the radicles are whitened; f. when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg of seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a closed pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is the same, the watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in a low-temperature environment for about half a month.
g. In the seedling stage management, after seedlings break the ground, pine needles or straws on the surface layer can be removed, peripheral weeds are removed, in addition, insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings are removed, the seedlings are arranged, strong seedlings are mainly left for cultivation, when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, seedlings are thinned and supplemented in time, the row spacing is controlled to be about 3cm, in addition, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, watering is carried out once in the morning and evening every day, the water quantity is not too much and too little, sufficient water supply is kept, meanwhile, fertilizers cannot be short of water, once diseased seedlings are removed in time, in addition, the change of temperature is also noticed, shading preparation is carried out when the temperature is too high, and the seedlings are prevented from being withered due to water shortage caused by strong light exposure.
h. Transplanting after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, transplanting in a prepared field, preparing the field with a seedbed width of 1.5-2 m, ditching at a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a ditch depth of 3-4 cm, uniformly scattering tubers into the ditches at a plant spacing of 4-5 cm, covering soil with soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and spraying a sealing pesticide pendimethalin after the ground is slightly dry after the completion of planting, so that weeds are not easy to come out.
i. Plant management: fertilizing for 3 times each year, applying 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water to each mu in 5 months in the first topdressing period, applying artificial fertilizers to the second topdressing period from the middle ten days of June to the full growth period of June, applying 1000 kilograms of soil plus 1200 kilograms to each mu of land, applying 1000-1500 kilograms of artificial fertilizers to each mu of land before 8 months of blooming, applying a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate, watering after fertilizing, dredging drainage channels in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, spraying a special post-seedling herbicide for the Chinese medicinal herb of the rhizoma atractylodis when the height of the rhizoma atractylodis seedling is 10 centimeters, removing most weeds, removing flower buds in 8-10 months of the Gregorian and in 9-11 months of the fruiting period, concentrating nutrients at the root to promote the growth of the root system, and spraying a proper amount of rhizome expander in the middle ten days of 9 months.
j. Harvesting: harvesting is carried out after 2-3 years in autumn generally, rootstocks are harvested after sowing for 3 years, harvesting and digging are carried out after autumn and before seedling emergence in spring, fine days are selected during harvesting and digging, after leaves of rhizoma atractylodis wither, stem leaves on the ground are removed, ploughing is carried out to harvest roots, stem leaves and soil are removed, the stems and leaves are removed, the stems and soil are dried to be in a basket when the leaves are dried to be in the four or five seasons, partial fibrous roots are knocked off, the epidermis is black brown, the roots are dried to be in the six or seven seasons, the roots are placed in the basket for knocking for two times to remove all old skins, the roots are dried to be in the basket for the last time, and the roots are kept swayed to.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the process of applying the artificial fertilizer by the second additional fertilizer in the full growth period of the rhizoma atractylodis, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate and 5 kg of Bandada Bika bacterial fertilizer can be applied.
As a further scheme of the invention: during the three-time topdressing period after the leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis are extracted, when aphid pests on the leaf surfaces appear, 1000 times of 50 percent fenitrothion emulsion or 3000 times of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder can be sprayed for preventing and controlling the aphids.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the process of applying the plant ash and the potassium phosphate, the traditional Chinese medicine seeder can be used for fertilizing, and the fertilizer is directly covered by soil after fertilization.
As a further scheme of the invention: after the leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis wither, stems and leaves can be cut off by a seedling cutting machine in the process of removing overground parts, and then the processes of ploughing and root picking are carried out, and traditional tractors and shallow ploughing equipment are adopted for turning soil and picking roots.
As a further scheme of the invention: besides removing flowers manually, the flowering period of the rhizoma atractylodis can be inhibited from blooming by spraying a bud inhibitor, and the flowers do not need to be removed when the rhizoma atractylodis is planted.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the seed propagation technology of the Atractylodes lancea of Compositae comprises selecting certain plants in the planting place and seed before seedling, meanwhile, the selected ground is treated by base fertilizer, and the mode of three times of topdressing is adopted in the subsequent process, the three times are respectively the 5 months of the seedling stage, the application of clear liquid dung per mu, the second time of topdressing from the middle ten days of June to the full growth stage of the early July, the third time of topdressing before 8 months of blooming, and proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate are applied in cooperation with the third additional fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate and Balinda Bika bacterial manure are applied in cooperation with the second additional fertilizer, so that sufficient nutrient support can be maintained in the process from the seedling formation to the flowering of the rhizoma atractylodis, under the maintenance of sufficient fertility, the buds are removed in a matching way, so that the nutrients are concentrated at the roots, the growth of the root system is promoted, proper amount of rhizome expander is sprayed in the middle ten days of 9 months, so that the yield is greatly improved when the rhizome expander is kept in later picking.
2. The seed propagation technology of the atractylodes lancea of the compositae comprises the steps of removing some insect seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings after the seeds are sown and spraying the pendimethalin as a sealing medicine and breaking the soil with the subsequent seedlings, screening the insect seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, spraying the pendimethalin as the sealing medicine and the herbicide special for the atractylodes lancea for the second spring in the subsequent year in advance, keeping the effect of preventing the growth of annual gramineous weeds, part of broadleaf weeds and the like effectively, predating nutrients, preventing the invasion of some diseases and insect pests to a greater extent, matching with the subsequent 1000 times of liquid of 50 percent dimethirsute wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of 50 percent thiophanate to prevent the decay of the roots of the atractylodes lancea, and preventing the damage of aphids to leaves by 1000 times of liquid of 50 percent fenitrothion emulsion or 3000 times of liquid of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder to greatly reduce the influence of the diseases and insect pests on the yield in the planting process, meanwhile, the quality of the rhizoma atractylodis is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a seed propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae comprises the following steps:
a. screening: the rhizoma atractylodis is firstly cultivated by adopting seeds, and the seeds without plant diseases and insect pests, which have full grains, fresh color and consistent maturity, are selected for planting.
b. Selecting land: in the early 4 months, a land block which is fertile, loose, sufficient in illumination and good in drainage is selected as a seedling raising land, preferably humus soil or sandy loam.
c. Fertilizing: and (3) applying chemical fertilizer or farmyard manure as base fertilizer in soil preparation, selecting and matching diammonium phosphate for the chemical fertilizer, uniformly applying 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate to each mu, then finely leveling the planted soil, and then spraying some insecticide on the leveled soil surface.
d. Breeding preparation: the land is turned into a seedbed with the width of 110-130 cm and the height of 20-30 cm.
e. Seed treatment: then soaking the seeds in warm water with the initial temperature of 25 ℃ before sowing, fully absorbing the moisture of the seeds, strictly controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, and immediately sowing when the seeds germinate and the radicles are whitened;
f. when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg of seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a closed pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is the same, the watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in a low-temperature environment for about half a month.
g. In the seedling stage management, after seedlings break the ground, pine needles or straws on the surface layer can be removed, peripheral weeds are removed, in addition, insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings are removed, the seedlings are arranged, strong seedlings are mainly left for cultivation, when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, seedlings are thinned and supplemented in time, the row spacing is controlled to be about 3cm, in addition, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, watering is carried out once in the morning and evening every day, the water quantity is not too much and too little, sufficient water supply is kept, meanwhile, fertilizers cannot be short of water, once diseased seedlings are removed in time, in addition, the change of temperature is also noticed, shading preparation is carried out when the temperature is too high, and the seedlings are prevented from being withered due to water shortage caused by strong light exposure.
h. Transplanting after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, transplanting in a prepared field, preparing the field with a seedbed width of 1.5-2 m, ditching at a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a ditch depth of 3-4 cm, uniformly scattering tubers into the ditches at a plant spacing of 4-5 cm, covering soil with soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and spraying a sealing pesticide pendimethalin after the ground is slightly dry after the completion of planting, so that weeds are not easy to come out.
i. Plant management: fertilizing for 3 times each year, applying 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water to each mu in 5 months in the first topdressing period, applying artificial fertilizers to the second topdressing period from the middle ten days of June to the full growth period of June, applying 1000 kilograms of soil plus 1200 kilograms to each mu of land, applying 1000-1500 kilograms of artificial fertilizers to each mu of land before 8 months of blooming, applying a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate, watering after fertilizing, dredging drainage channels in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, spraying a special post-seedling herbicide for the Chinese medicinal herb of the rhizoma atractylodis when the height of the rhizoma atractylodis seedling is 10 centimeters, removing most weeds, removing flower buds in 8-10 months of the Gregorian and in 9-11 months of the fruiting period, concentrating nutrients at the root to promote the growth of the root system, and spraying a proper amount of rhizome expander in the middle ten days of 9 months.
j. Harvesting: harvesting is carried out after 2-3 years in autumn generally, rootstocks are harvested after sowing for 3 years, harvesting and digging are carried out after autumn and before seedling emergence in spring, fine days are selected during harvesting and digging, after leaves of rhizoma atractylodis wither, stem leaves on the ground are removed, ploughing is carried out to harvest roots, stem leaves and soil are removed, the stems and leaves are removed, the stems and soil are dried to be in a basket when the leaves are dried to be in the four or five seasons, partial fibrous roots are knocked off, the epidermis is black brown, the roots are dried to be in the six or seven seasons, the roots are placed in the basket for knocking for two times to remove all old skins, the roots are dried to be in the basket for the last time, and the roots are kept swayed to.
Example 2:
when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg of seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a closed pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is the same, the watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in a low-temperature environment for about half a month.
In the seedling stage management, after seedlings break the ground, pine needles or straws on the surface layer can be removed, peripheral weeds are removed, in addition, insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings are removed, the seedlings are arranged, strong seedlings are mainly left for cultivation, when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, seedlings are thinned and supplemented in time, the row spacing is controlled to be about 3cm, in addition, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, watering is carried out once in the morning and evening every day, the water quantity is not too much and too little, sufficient water supply is kept, meanwhile, fertilizers cannot be short of water, once diseased seedlings are removed in time, in addition, the change of temperature is also noticed, shading preparation is carried out when the temperature is too high, and the seedlings are prevented from being withered due to water shortage caused by strong light exposure.
Transplanting after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, transplanting in a prepared field, preparing the field with a seedbed width of 1.5-2 m, ditching at a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a ditch depth of 3-4 cm, uniformly scattering tubers into the ditches at a plant spacing of 4-5 cm, covering soil with soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and spraying a sealing pesticide pendimethalin after the ground is slightly dry after the completion of planting, so that weeds are not easy to come out.
Plant management: fertilizing for 3 times every year, wherein 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water is applied to each mu in 5 months in the first topdressing period, 1000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to the second topdressing period from middle ten days of June to the full growth period of the first July, 1200 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, the third topdressing period is performed before 8 months of blooming, 1000-1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate are applied, watering is carried out after fertilization, a drainage channel is dredged in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, when the height of each atractylodes seedling is 10 centimeters, a special post-seedling herbicide for the atractylodes traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be sprayed to remove most weeds, the atractylodes flowering period is 8 months-10 months in the gregoric calendar, and a proper amount of rhizome swelling element is sprayed in middle 9 months.
Example 3:
when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg of seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a closed pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is the same, the watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in a low-temperature environment for about half a month.
In the seedling stage management, after seedlings break the ground, pine needles or straws on the surface layer can be removed, peripheral weeds are removed, in addition, insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings are removed, the seedlings are arranged, strong seedlings are mainly left for cultivation, when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, seedlings are thinned and supplemented in time, the row spacing is controlled to be about 3cm, in addition, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, watering is carried out once in the morning and evening every day, the water quantity is not too much and too little, sufficient water supply is kept, meanwhile, fertilizers cannot be short of water, once diseased seedlings are removed in time, in addition, the change of temperature is also noticed, shading preparation is carried out when the temperature is too high, and the seedlings are prevented from being withered due to water shortage caused by strong light exposure.
Transplanting after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, transplanting in a prepared field, preparing the field with a seedbed width of 1.5-2 m, ditching at a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a ditch depth of 3-4 cm, uniformly scattering tubers into the ditches at a plant spacing of 4-5 cm, covering soil with soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and spraying a sealing pesticide pendimethalin after the ground is slightly dry after the completion of planting, so that weeds are not easy to come out.
Plant management: fertilizing for 3 times each year, wherein 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water is applied to each mu in 5 months in the first time of fertilizing, 1000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to the second time of fertilizing from middle ten days of June to full growth period of July, 1200 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, the third time of fertilizing is performed before 8 months of blooming, 1000-1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate are applied, watering is carried out after fertilizing, a drainage channel is dredged in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, when the height of each atractylodes seedling is 10 centimeters, a special post-seedling herbicide for the atractylodes traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be sprayed to remove most weeds, and when the atractylodes is 8-10 months in the gregoric calendar and when the atractylodes is 9-11 months in the fruiting period, flower buds need to be removed to concentrate nutrients on the roots to promote the growth of the roots.
Example 4:
when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, a layer of pine needles or straws is also covered after sowing in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, the thickness of the covering is also uniform, watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in about half a month in a low-temperature environment.
In the seedling stage management, after seedlings break the ground, pine needles or straws on the surface layer can be removed, peripheral weeds are removed, in addition, insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings are removed, the seedlings are arranged, strong seedlings are mainly left for cultivation, when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, seedlings are thinned and supplemented in time, the row spacing is controlled to be about 3cm, in addition, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, watering is carried out once in the morning and evening every day, the water quantity is not too much and too little, sufficient water supply is kept, meanwhile, fertilizers cannot be short of water, once diseased seedlings are removed in time, in addition, the change of temperature is also noticed, shading preparation is carried out when the temperature is too high, and the seedlings are prevented from being withered due to water shortage caused by strong light exposure.
Transplanting after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging roots and stems integrally in spring in the second year, then transplanting in a prepared field, wherein the field is prepared by properly arranging the seedling bed with the width of 1.5-2 m, ditching according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm and the ditch depth of 3-4 cm, uniformly scattering tubers into the ditches with the plant spacing of 4-5 cm, and covering soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, the watering can be omitted.
Plant management: fertilizing for 3 times each year, applying 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water to each mu in 5 months in the first topdressing period, applying artificial fertilizers to the second topdressing period from the middle ten days of June to the full growth period of June, applying 1000 kilograms of soil plus 1200 kilograms to each mu of land, applying 1000-1500 kilograms of artificial fertilizers to each mu of land before 8 months of blooming, applying a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate, watering after fertilizing, dredging drainage channels in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, spraying a special post-seedling herbicide for the Chinese medicinal herb of the rhizoma atractylodis when the height of the rhizoma atractylodis seedling is 10 centimeters, removing most weeds, removing flower buds in 8-10 months of the Gregorian and in 9-11 months of the fruiting period, concentrating nutrients at the root to promote the growth of the root system, and spraying a proper amount of rhizome expander in the middle ten days of 9 months.
The following table is obtained according to examples 1 to 4:
| Bud | rhizome expander | Pendimethalin | Yield of the product | |
| Example 1 | Extirpation of | Spraying of | Spraying of | 340-420 kg |
| Example 2 | Not removed | Spraying of | Spraying of | 270 to 350 kg |
| Example 3 | Extirpation of | Is not sprayed | Spraying of | 300-380 kg |
| Example 4 | Extirpation of | Spraying of | Is not sprayed | 230 to 280 kg |
From the comparison in the table above, it can be seen that: the yield of the rhizoma atractylodis can be improved to a certain extent between the removal of buds and the spraying of the rhizome expander, the nutrients of the rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis are sufficient, the individual rhizome of the rhizoma atractylodis grows larger, meanwhile, pendimethalin prevents annual gramineous weeds, partial broadleaf weeds and other plants in a planting area, the weeds are not treated properly, the nutrients are subjected to a great deal of predation, and the yield is greatly reduced.
A seed propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae comprises the following steps:
s1, screening: the rhizoma atractylodis is firstly cultivated by adopting seeds, and the seeds without plant diseases and insect pests, which have full grains, fresh color and consistent maturity, are selected for planting.
S2, selecting land: in the early 4 months, a land block which is fertile, loose, sufficient in illumination and good in drainage is selected as a seedling raising land, preferably humus soil or sandy loam.
S3, fertilizing: and (3) applying chemical fertilizer or farmyard manure as base fertilizer in soil preparation, selecting and matching diammonium phosphate for the chemical fertilizer, uniformly applying 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate to each mu, then finely leveling the planted soil, and then spraying some insecticide on the leveled soil surface.
S4, breeding preparation: the land is turned into a seedbed with the width of 110-130 cm and the height of 20-30 cm.
S5, seed treatment: then soaking the seeds in warm water with the initial temperature of 25 ℃ before sowing, fully absorbing moisture of the seeds, strictly controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, and immediately sowing when the seeds germinate and the radicles are white.
S6, during seedling raising and planting, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kilograms of seeds are planted per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a sealing pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is also uniform, watering is carried out frequently, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in about half a month in a low-temperature environment.
S7, managing in seedling stage, after the seedlings break the ground, removing pine needles or straws on the surface layer, removing weeds around the seedlings by certain cleaning, removing some insect seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings, arranging the seedlings, mainly leaving strong seedlings for cultivation, thinning and supplementing the seedlings in time when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, controlling the row spacing of the seedlings, controlling the row spacing to be about 3cm, enhancing fertilizer and water management, watering once in the morning and evening every day, keeping sufficient water supply, preventing the fertilizer from being lack of water, removing the diseased seedlings in time, paying attention to temperature change, and preparing shading preparation when the temperature is too high so as to avoid water shortage and withering of the seedlings caused by strong light exposure.
S8, when the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, then transplanting in a prepared field, wherein the whole field is preferably wide at a seedbed of 1.5-2 m, ditching is carried out according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm, the ditch depth is 3-4 cm, tubers are uniformly scattered into the ditches, the plant spacing is 4-5 cm, soil is covered and pressed slightly, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and after the planting is finished, the ground is slightly dry, a sealing agent pendimethalin can be sprayed, so that weeds are not easy to come out.
S9, plant management: fertilizing for 3 times each year, applying 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water to each mu in 5 months in the first topdressing period, applying artificial fertilizers to the second topdressing period from the middle ten days of June to the full growth period of June, applying 1000 kilograms of soil plus 1200 kilograms to each mu of land, applying 1000-1500 kilograms of artificial fertilizers to each mu of land before 8 months of blooming, applying a proper amount of plant ash and potassium perphosphate, watering after fertilizing, dredging drainage channels in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, spraying a special post-seedling herbicide for the Chinese medicinal herb of the rhizoma atractylodis when the height of the rhizoma atractylodis seedling is 10 centimeters, removing most weeds, removing flower buds in 8-10 months of the Gregorian and in 9-11 months of the fruiting period, concentrating nutrients at the root to promote the growth of the root system, and spraying a proper amount of rhizome expander in the middle ten days of 9 months.
S10, harvesting: harvesting is carried out after 2-3 years in autumn generally, rootstocks are harvested after sowing for 3 years, harvesting and digging are carried out after autumn and before seedling emergence in spring, fine days are selected during harvesting and digging, after leaves of rhizoma atractylodis wither, stem leaves on the ground are removed, ploughing is carried out to harvest roots, stem leaves and soil are removed, the stems and leaves are removed, the stems and soil are dried to be in a basket when the leaves are dried to be in the four or five seasons, partial fibrous roots are knocked off, the epidermis is black brown, the roots are dried to be in the six or seven seasons, the roots are placed in the basket for knocking for two times to remove all old skins, the roots are dried to be in the basket for the last time, and the roots are kept swayed to.
The points to be finally explained are: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A seed propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae comprises the following steps:
a. screening: firstly, cultivating seedlings of the rhizoma atractylodis by adopting seeds, and selecting the seeds which are full in particles, fresh in color and consistent in maturity and have no plant diseases and insect pests as seeds;
b. selecting land: selecting a land block which is fertile, loose, sufficient in illumination and good in drainage as a seedling raising land and is suitable for humus soil or sandy loam in the early stage of 4 months;
c. fertilizing: applying chemical fertilizer or farmyard manure as base fertilizer in soil preparation, selecting diammonium phosphate for chemical fertilizer, uniformly applying 20 kg of diammonium phosphate in each mu, finely leveling the planted soil, and spraying some insecticide on the leveled soil surface;
d. breeding preparation: turning the land into a seedbed with the width of 110-130 cm and the height of 20-30 cm;
e. seed treatment: then soaking the seeds in warm water with the initial temperature of 25 ℃ before sowing, fully absorbing the moisture of the seeds, strictly controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, and immediately sowing when the seeds germinate and the radicles are whitened;
f. when seedling is grown, the row spacing is kept at 15-25 cm, the seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sandy soil according to the proportion of 1:6 before sowing until the seeds are uniformly sown on a seedbed, generally 4-6 kg of seeds are used per mu, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing, after sowing and watering, when the surface layer of ground soil is dry, a closed pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed, after sowing, in order to improve the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the soil and avoid the scouring capability in rainy seasons, a layer of pine needles or straws needs to be covered, the thickness of the covering is also uniform, frequent watering is needed, the water content of the soil is improved, and the seeds can emerge in a low-temperature environment for about half a month;
g. managing in a seedling stage, removing pine needles or straws on the surface layer after seedlings break the ground, removing weeds around the seedlings by certain cleaning, removing worm seedlings, weak seedlings and sick seedlings, arranging the damaged seedlings and the sick seedlings, mainly leaving strong seedlings for cultivation, thinning and supplementing the seedlings in time when the seedlings grow to certain 2-3cm, controlling the row spacing of the seedlings, controlling the row spacing to be about 3cm, strengthening fertilizer and water management, watering once in the morning and evening every day, keeping insufficient water, keeping sufficient water supply, preventing the fertilizer from being short of water, removing the diseased seedlings in time once the diseased seedlings occur, paying attention to temperature change, and preparing shading when the temperature is too high to avoid water shortage and withering of the seedlings caused by strong light exposure;
h. transplanting, after the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings grow for one year, digging rootstocks in spring in the second year, transplanting in a prepared field, wherein the field is prepared by properly arranging the seedling beds 1.5-2 m wide, ditching at the row spacing of 20-25 cm, and the depth of the ditches is 3-4 cm, tubers are uniformly scattered in the ditches at the plant spacing of 4-5 cm, covering soil and slightly pressing, if the soil is wet, watering can be omitted, and after the transplanting is finished, the sealing pesticide pendimethalin can be sprayed when the ground is slightly dry, so that weeds are not easy to come out;
i. plant management: fertilizing 3 times each year, applying 1000 kilograms of clear excrement water to each mu in 5 months in the first time of topdressing, applying artificial fertilizers to the second time of topdressing from middle ten days of June to the full growth period of June, applying 1000 kilograms of soil plus 1200 kilograms to each mu of land, applying 1000-1500 kilograms of artificial fertilizers to each mu of land before 8 months of blooming, applying proper amounts of plant ash and potassium perphosphate, watering after fertilizing, dredging drainage channels in rainy seasons to prevent lodging and root rot, spraying a special post-seedling herbicide for the Chinese herbal medicine of the rhizoma atractylodis when the height of the rhizoma atractylodis seedling is 10 centimeters, removing most weeds, removing flower buds in 8-10 months of the Gregorian and in 9-11 months of the fruiting period, concentrating nutrients at the root, promoting the root growth, and spraying proper amounts of rhizome expander in 9 months;
j. harvesting: harvesting is carried out after 2-3 years in autumn generally, rootstocks are harvested after sowing for 3 years, harvesting and digging are carried out after autumn and before seedling emergence in spring, fine days are selected during harvesting and digging, after leaves of rhizoma atractylodis wither, stem leaves on the ground are removed, ploughing is carried out to harvest roots, stem leaves and soil are removed, the stems and leaves are removed, the stems and soil are dried to be in a basket when the leaves are dried to be in the four or five seasons, partial fibrous roots are knocked off, the epidermis is black brown, the roots are dried to be in the six or seven seasons, the roots are placed in the basket for knocking for two times to remove all old skins, the roots are dried to be in the basket for the last time, and the roots are kept swayed to.
2. The technique of claim 1, wherein the seed of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae is selected from the group consisting of: in the process of applying the artificial fertilizer by the second additional fertilizer in the full growth period of the rhizoma atractylodis, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate and 5 kg of Bandada Bika bacterial fertilizer can be applied.
3. The technique of claim 1, wherein the seed of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae is selected from the group consisting of: during the three-time topdressing period after the leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis are extracted, when aphid pests on the leaf surfaces appear, 1000 times of 50 percent fenitrothion emulsion or 3000 times of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder can be sprayed for preventing and controlling the aphids.
4. The technique of claim 1, wherein the seed of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae is selected from the group consisting of: in the process of applying the plant ash and the potassium phosphate, the traditional Chinese medicine seeder can be used for fertilizing, and the fertilizer is directly covered by soil after fertilization.
5. The technique of claim 1, wherein the seed of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae is selected from the group consisting of: after the leaves of the rhizoma atractylodis wither, stems and leaves can be cut off by a seedling cutting machine in the process of removing overground parts, and then the processes of ploughing and root picking are carried out, and traditional tractors and shallow ploughing equipment are adopted for turning soil and picking roots.
6. The technique of claim 1, wherein the seed of Atractylodes lancea of Compositae is selected from the group consisting of: besides removing flowers manually, the flowering period of the rhizoma atractylodis can be inhibited from blooming by spraying a bud inhibitor, and the flowers do not need to be removed when the rhizoma atractylodis is planted.
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| CN113243272A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-13 | 忻州师范学院 | High-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method |
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