CN105009946B - A kind of engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method of safflower magnolia. The seedlings of the genus Magnolia are used as rootstocks, and the current-year branches of safflower magnolia are used as scions. After autumn, the branches show a lignification tendency, and the grafting can be started. The grafting method includes the following steps: Cut an oblique incision close to the inner side of the phloem up to the xylem, and then vertically slide down from directly above the oblique incision to the oblique incision to cut into a flat and smooth long section, and ensure that the exposed part of the long section is dominated by the cambium; in the axillary buds of the scion The opposite side is slid down into a flat and smooth long horse-ear-shaped cut surface, the cut surface obliquely spans the entire branch diameter, the middle and lower part of the long horse-ear-shaped cut surface sees the pith, cut at 0.8-1cm above the axillary bud; the scion is tied. The method of the present invention enlarges the grafting butt joint surface, and there are more calluses produced at the wound, which can accelerate healing. By this means, the technical difficulty of the rapid propagation of Magnolia safflower is solved, and the low survival rate of the conventional grafting method of Magnolia safflower is overcome. Insufficient technology.

Description

A kind of grafting method of safflower magnolia

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of nursery stock propagation, and relates to a plant grafting method, in particular to a safflower magnolia grafting method.

Background technique

Magnolia wufengensis is a new species of Magnoliaceae found in Wufeng, Hubei in 2004 by Professor Ma Lvyi of Beijing Forestry University and others. In the previous official records, there were only white, purple and single-sided light red varieties of magnolia. It was the first time in China to find a magnolia that was completely red inside and outside, and it was unique to Wufeng.

Magnolia safflower has extremely rich flower morphological variation characteristics, and the flower color types have different expressions of deep red, red and light red; the number of perianth segments ranges from 9 to 46 petals; the shape of perianth segments is broad and obovate Spoon-shaped, spoon-shaped and bar-shaped; flower types include chrysanthemum, rose, lotus and peony, etc. It has high ornamental value and is an excellent landscaping tree species.

The wild resources of safflower magnolia are only distributed in Wufeng County, Hubei Province, and the number is rare, with few natural fruits and low seed germination rate, so it is difficult to implement conventional sowing and breeding methods. As one of the magnolia species, its cutting propagation is also very difficult.

According to the rich flower variation types of Magnolia safflower, 5 new varieties of Magnolia safflower have been bred through selective breeding, including Jiaohong 1, Jiaohong 2, Jiaozi, Jiaoju, and Jiaoyan. Grafting and breeding can maintain excellent varieties Stability of genetic traits.

The inventor has summed up grafting as a feasible method for the rapid propagation of Magnolia safflower through many years of breeding and cultivation experiments. But in the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor finds that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

The survival rate of safflower magnolia grafted with traditional fruit trees and green plant grafting techniques is generally only 20%, or even lower. Because the pith of safflower magnolia seedlings accounts for a large proportion and the xylem is relatively thin, if the rootstock is slightly obliquely cut, it is easy to cut to the pith center when grafting by abdominal grafting, and there are few butt joints of cambium, which makes it difficult to heal and the survival rate is low.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for grafting safflower magnolia with a high survival rate. The method is simple and practical to operate, and the obtained seedlings have strong stress resistance and can bloom in advance, and the grafting survival rate is as high as 95%.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a kind of grafting method of Magnolia safflower, using Magnolia seedlings as rootstock, and the branch of Magnolia safflower in the same year as the scion, and the branch appears lignification tendency after autumn, Can start grafting, this grafting method comprises the following steps:

Cutting the rootstock: First cut an oblique incision close to the inner side of the phloem to the xylem, then vertically slide down from directly above the oblique incision to the oblique incision to cut into a flat and smooth long section, and ensure that the exposed part of the long section is dominated by cambium ;

Scion cutting: slide down on the side opposite to the axillary buds of the scion to form a flat and smooth long horse-ear-shaped cut surface, the cut surface obliquely spans the entire branch diameter, the pith center can be seen in the middle and lower part of the long horse-ear-shaped cut surface, and cut at 0.8-1cm above the axillary bud;

Scion binding: connect the long horse-eared section of the scion to the long section of the rootstock, and use plastic film to tie it from bottom to top, with the axillary buds exposed.

If the opposite side of the axillary bud is curved, it is next to the axillary bud. Because the opposite side is curved, it cannot be cut into a longer section.

Because the pith of safflower magnolia seedlings accounts for a relatively large proportion and the xylem is relatively thin, cutting the rootstock breaks the traditional slightly oblique cutting, but cuts the long section longitudinally, and the scion slides and cuts the long horse-eared section, and the exposed part of the cambium is more, which can ensure The cambium of the scion is completely docked with the cambium of the rootstock, and if the docking surface is enlarged, more callus tissue will be produced at the wound, which can accelerate healing and is very beneficial to improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings of Magnolia safflower.

According to one embodiment of the Magnolia safflower grafting method of the present invention, the scion selects and gathers plump and strong branches of the Magnolia safflower whose axillary buds whose thickness is smaller than the thickness of the stock, cuts off the leaves, leaves 0.3-0.5cm long petioles, and branches After collection, moisturize the cuts at the bottom of the branches. If the petiole is removed directly, a wound will be formed below the bud, and the vitality of the scion will be weakened. The cuts at the bottom of the branches are protected to ensure that the scion has sufficient water and will not be drained, so as to maintain the vigorous vitality of the branches.

According to a preferred embodiment of the safflower magnolia grafting method of the present invention, the specific method of the moisturizing treatment is: use a cotton cloth towel soaked in a circle to wrap the cut in a circle, spray a small amount of water on the whole bundle of branches, and then wrap the whole bundle of branches with a plastic wrap. Bundle the branches. Ensure that the scion has sufficient water and will not be drained, so as to maintain the vigorous vitality of the branches. If you don't use it immediately, you need to place the wrapped branches in a cool and ventilated place, and you can use it within 2 days; if you need to store it for 3-5 days, put it in a refrigerator at 4°C, and the longest is not more than a week.

According to one embodiment of the safflower Magnolia grafting method of the present invention, described rootstock is 2-3 year-old strong and disease-free Magnolia seedlings as rootstock, and rootstock is pruned 20 days before grafting, and seedlings and soil are sterilized . This work does not need to be done during grafting, which can greatly increase the grafting speed.

According to one embodiment of the safflower magnolia grafting method of the present invention, the length of the oblique incision is 0.5-0.8cm; the length of the long section is 3.5-4.5cm, and the width is 0.5-1cm; The length is 3.5-4.5cm; the oblique incision is 10-20cm above the ground. The grafting part is low and close to the ground. During the seedling transplanting process, the grafting part can be directly buried in the soil to ensure that the seedlings grow dry and straight in the later stage.

According to one embodiment of the method for grafting safflower magnolia of the present invention, the grafting method is carried out in sunny or cloudy weather. Rain will breed bacteria and cause water infection in the untied joints, so choose sunny or cloudy weather for grafting. According to the weather forecast, stop grafting half a day before the rain.

According to one embodiment of the grafting method of Magnolia safflower in the present invention, the grafting method is selected to be carried out at a temperature of 18-25°C. The callus grows faster when the temperature is 18-25°C during grafting, which is the most suitable temperature for grafting. Stop grafting when the temperature exceeds 30°C at noon, and continue grafting after the temperature drops in the afternoon.

According to one embodiment of the method for grafting safflower magnolia of the present invention, the plastic film belt is a 0.04 polyethylene plastic film with a length of 25-30 cm and a width of 2.5-3.5 cm. The plastic film band made is convenient for bandaging.

According to one embodiment of the method for grafting safflower magnolia of the present invention, the grafting method stops grafting 20 days before the seedlings enter the dormancy period. After autumn, when the branches show a lignification tendency, grafting can begin, and the grafting time can last for about 2 months.

According to an embodiment of the safflower magnolia grafting method of the present invention, also comprise the post-connection management step:

After grafting, cut the rootstock at 5-10 cm above the grafting site after the ear buds germinate in the second spring. After the ear buds grow 3-4 cotyledons from new shoots, remove the bundled plastic film. When the new shoots are 10-15 cm long, place them again Cut off the rootstock above the side where the interface heals; if new shoots are found to grow obliquely upwards, use bamboo poles or wooden sticks to support the uprights, tie the new shoots to the uprights, and regularly remove the sprouted branches on the rootstock below the grafting site.

Compared with the prior art, one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages:

1. The cut of the rootstock is cut into a long cut surface, and the cut of the scion is cut into a long ear-shaped cut surface. The exposed part of the cambium is more, the butt joint surface is enlarged, and there will be more callus tissue at the wound, which can accelerate the healing. The technical difficulty of rapid propagation overcomes the technical deficiency of the low survival rate of the conventional grafting method of Magnolia safflower.

2. Wrap the scion branches with a cotton towel dipped in a circle, spray a small amount of water, and wrap them with plastic wrap to ensure that the scion has sufficient moisture and vigorous vitality.

3. By using this method, safflower magnolia seedlings can be propagated quickly and efficiently, and the survival rate can reach 95%.

4. This method is asexual reproduction, which can rapidly multiply new and excellent varieties of Magnolia safflower.

Detailed ways

The following will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments. This embodiment describes the principles and features of the present invention, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention.

The inventor has used means such as enlarging cambium docking surface, scion fresh-keeping in conjunction with many years of safflower magnolia to improve the grafting survival rate of safflower magnolia: on the one hand because the proportion of safflower magnolia seedling pith is relatively large, xylem is relatively thin, cutting rootstock Break the traditional slightly oblique cut, but cut it longitudinally into a long section; on the other hand, wrap the cut with a damp cotton towel, spray a small amount of water, and wrap it with plastic wrap to ensure that the scion has sufficient water and vitality. The scion is slid to grow into a horse-eared cut surface, and the cambium is more exposed, which can ensure the complete docking of the scion cambium and the rootstock cambium, expand the docking surface, and generate more callus at the wound, which can accelerate healing and improve survival rate .

The concrete steps of present embodiment safflower magnolia grafting method are as follows:

(1) Grafting time: Generally, when the branches appear lignified after autumn, grafting can start. The grafting time can last for about 2 months, and stop grafting 20 days before the seedlings enter the dormant period; choose sunny or cloudy weather for grafting, According to the weather forecast, grafting should be stopped half a day before the arrival of rain; when grafting, the temperature should be 18-25°C, stop grafting when the temperature exceeds 30°C at noon, and continue grafting after the temperature drops in the afternoon.

(2) Selection and treatment of rootstocks: Choose 2-3 years old, robust and disease-free Magnolia seedlings as rootstocks, usually white Magnolia or Magnolia wangchun as rootstocks, pruning the rootstocks 20 days before grafting, and treating the seedlings and soil. Sterilization. This work is not needed during grafting, which can increase the grafting speed.

(3) Selection and treatment of scions: Since the thickness of the 2-3 year-old rootstock is about 1cm, choose the current-year-old branches of Magnolia safflower with a thickness smaller than the rootstock thickness and full and strong axillary buds. Specifically, select safflower magnolia with uniform internodes and full and strong axillary buds with a thickness of 0.4-0.8cm. The branches are fully developed in the current year, the leaves are cut off, and the petioles with a length of 0.3-0.5cm are left. Every 50 branches are wrapped into a bundle. Arrange the cuts at the bottom of the branches neatly, wrap the cuts with a damp cotton towel, spray a small amount of water on the whole bundle of branches, and then wrap the whole bundle of branches with plastic wrap. Ensure that the scion has sufficient moisture, will not be drained, and has strong vitality. If not used immediately, store in a cool and ventilated place, and it can be used within 2 days; if it needs to be stored for 3-5 days, store it in a 4°C refrigerator, no longer than one week.

(4) Production of plastic film tape: Weigh 0.04 polyethylene plastic film and cut it into a plastic film tape with a length of 25-30 cm and a width of 2.5-3.5 cm with a paper knife after folding, which is convenient for wrapping.

(5) Cut the rootstock: Before grafting the rootstock 10-20cm above the ground, wipe off the dirt and debris with a dry cotton cloth, use a grafting knife to cut a 0.5-0.8cm oblique incision close to the inside of the phloem, reach the xylem, and then At 3.5-4.5 cm directly above the oblique incision, vertically slide down to the oblique incision at the lower oblique incision to form a long section. The width of the long section is slightly larger than the thickness of the scion, generally 0.5-1 cm. The grafting part is low and close to the ground. During the seedling transplanting process, the grafting part can be directly buried in the soil to ensure that the seedlings grow dry and straight in the later stage.

(6) Cutting the scion: slide down on the opposite side of the axillary bud of the scion to form a long horse-ear-shaped cut surface with an angle of about 25° and a length of 3.5-4.5cm. The cut surface obliquely spans the entire diameter of the branch. Cut off at the upper 0.8-1cm. If the opposite side of the axillary bud is curved, it is next to the axillary bud. Because the opposite side is curved, it cannot be cut into a longer section.

(7) Scion binding: insert the scion into the incision, connect the long horse-eared section of the scion with the cambium of the long section of the rootstock, and tie it with plastic film from bottom to top.

(8) Post-grafting management: Cut off the rootstock at 5-10 cm above the grafting site after the ear buds germinate in the second spring, and remove the bundled plastic film after the ear buds grow 3-4 cotyledons of new shoots, and the new shoots are 10-15 cm For a long time, cut the rootstock again above the side where the interface heals. If new shoots are found to grow obliquely, use bamboo poles or wooden sticks to support the uprights, tie the new shoots to the uprights, and regularly remove the sprouted branches on the rootstock below the grafting site.

All cuts on grafted rootstocks and scions must be level and smooth.

Through the above method of grafting and breeding safflower magnolia, it has been verified that the grafting survival rate of safflower magnolia is as high as 95%, which greatly improves the efficiency of safflower magnolia grafting and solves the difficult problem of safflower magnolia rapid breeding.

Comparative Experiment:

The grafting method of the present invention (experimental group) was compared with the traditional abdominal grafting (control group 1) and incision grafting (control group 2) grafting methods. Each experimental group randomly selected 200 scions to graft the same type of 2-year-old Magnolia magnolia seedlings in the same area, and selected three grafters with the same technical proficiency to graft, and compared the survival rate and labor time of the three methods. The survival rate and grafting time are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Survival rate of different grafting methods of Magnolia safflower

Experimental result shows: by the technical scheme of the present invention, on the one hand root stock is cut longitudinally long section, and scion slides and cuts long horse-eared section, and cambium exposed part is just many, and butt joint surface expands, and the callus tissue that produces at wound is just many, can Accelerate the healing; on the other hand, the branches are wrapped with a cotton towel dipped in a circle, sprayed with a small amount of water, and then wrapped with plastic wrap to ensure that the scion has sufficient moisture and vigorous vitality. The survival rate of grafting using this technique is 95%, which is much higher than 20.5% of control group 1 and 63.5% of control group 2. In addition, the grafting time of the grafting method of the present invention is 2.25h, which is also significantly lower than that of control group 2. Therefore, the present invention greatly improves the grafting survival rate of safflower magnolia seedlings, improves grafting efficiency, and saves labor costs.

The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred implementations should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis, which is characterized in that using yulan category nursery stock as stock, with Magnolia wufengensis annual shoot Item is scion, enters branch after autumn and lignifying tendency occurs, start to graft, which includes the following steps：

Cut stock：First be close to the angular cut that bast inside cutting one reaches xylem, then right over the angular cut it is longitudinally perpendicular to Downslide is switched to angular cut to be cut into the long section of flat smooth, and ensures long section exsertion part based on forming layer；

Cut scion：The long horse ear shape section of flat smooth is whittled into downslide in scion axillary bud offside, it is straight that section is inclined cross entire branch Diameter, medulla is seen in lower section in long horse ear shape section, the cutting the 0.8-1cm of axillary bud top at；

Scion is bound：The long horse ear shape section of scion is docked with the long section of stock, is bound from bottom to top with plastic film tape, axillary bud It is exposed.

2. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the scion selection acquisition rugosity is small In the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of the axillary bud of stock rugosity, blade is cut off, stays the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm long, branch After item acquisition, moisturizing processing is carried out to branch bottom notch.

3. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the concrete mode of the moisturizing processing It is：Entire bundle branch will be sprayed into a small amount of water after one circle of clip package with wet cotton towel is dipped in, then with preservative film by entire bundle branch Item is wrapped up.

4. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stock is 2-3 raw healthy and strong Disease-free yulan category nursery stock is trimmed stock in 20 days before grafting, and carries out sterilization treatment to nursery stock and soil.

5. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the angular cut length is 0.5- 0.8cm；A length of 3.5-4.5cm of the long section, width 0.5-1cm；A length of 3.5-4.5cm of the long horse ear shape section； Angular cut 10-20cm from the ground.

6. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that engrafting method selection it is sunny or Cloudy weather carries out.

7. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the engrafting method selection is in 18- It is carried out under 25 DEG C of temperature conditions.

8. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plastic film tape is long 25- 30cm, the sealed polyethylene plastic that width 2.5-3.5cm thickness is 0.04mm.

9. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the engrafting method enters in nursery stock Stop grafting within 20 days before rest period.

10. the engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include connecing rear management process：

After grafting, the next spring fringe bud cuts stock above the grafting part after sprouting at 5-10cm, wait for that fringe bud grows young sprout After 3-4 piece leaves, removal binding plastic film cuts stock at the interface healing when young sprout 10-15cm long above side again；Such as hair Existing young sprout is grown obliquely, then uses bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, young sprout is bundled on column, is periodically removed below grafting part The branch germinated on stock.