A kind of engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling propagation fields, are related to the engrafting method of plant, more particularly to a kind of grafting of Magnolia wufengensis
Method.
Background technology
Magnolia wufengensis (Magnolia wufengensis) it is Beijing Forestry University Ma Lvyi professors et al. 2004 in lake
Northern five peaks carry out the Magnoliacea plant novel species found when Plant Resource of Magnoliaceae investigation.In formal record before this, yulan is only
There are white, purple and the pink kind of single side, it is found that inside and outside complete red yulan still belongs to the first time at home, only five peaks are exclusive.
There is Magnolia wufengensis extremely abundant flower morphology variation property, floral color type to have dark red, red and pale red difference
Performance;The number of tapel is differed from 9 valves to 46 valves;The shape of tapel has the wealthy cochlear of falling ovate, cochlear and bar shaped;Flower pattern has
The different manifestations such as chrysanthemum type, Chinese rose type, lotus type and tree peony type, ornamental value is very high, is splendid Landscape Trees.
Magnolia wufengensis wild resource is only distributed in Wufeng County, and rare numbers, naturally solid seldom, seed hair
Bud rate is low, therefore conventional seed planting mode of reproduction is difficult to implement.As one of Magnoliaceae type, cutting propagation is also extremely difficult.
According to the flower portion variation type that Magnolia wufengensis is abundant, by selection and use cultivated tender red No. 1, it is red No. 2 tender,
5 Magnolia wufengensis new varieties, the grafting and breeding such as tender appearance, tender chrysanthemum, delicate and charming can keep the stability of improved seeds inhereditary feature.
Inventor passes through breeding and cultivation experiments for many years, sums up the feasible side that grafting is Magnolia wufengensis fast-propagation
Method.But in realizing process of the present invention, inventor has found that at least there are the following problems in the prior art:
Traditional fruit tree, green plants graft technology grafting Magnolia wufengensis survival rate generally there was only 20%, it is even lower.
Since Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is relatively thin, when being grafted using side grafting method, if on stock slightly tiltedly
It cuts, is easy to be switched to medulla, forming layer interface is few, it is difficult to heal, survival rate is low.
Invention content
In consideration of it, present invention aims at provide a kind of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method that survival rate is high, this method operation letter
Single practical, the nursery stock resistance of acquisition is strong, can Blooming, graft survival rate is up to 95%.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the invention is to provide a kind of engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis,
Using yulan category nursery stock as stock, using Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch as scion, enters branch after autumn and lignifying tendency occur, you can open
Begin to graft, which includes the following steps:
Cut stock:First it is close to the angular cut that bast inside cutting one reaches xylem, it is then longitudinal right over angular cut to hang down
Straight sliding cutting downwards is cut into the long section of flat smooth to angular cut, and ensures long section exsertion part based on forming layer;
Cut scion:The long horse ear shape section of flat smooth is whittled into downslide in scion axillary bud offside, section is inclined cross entire branch
Diameter, medulla is seen in lower section in long horse ear shape section, the cutting the 0.8-1cm of axillary bud top at;
Scion is bound:The long horse ear shape section of scion is docked with the long section of stock, is bound from bottom to top with plastic film tape,
Axillary bud is exposed.
In axillary bud side if axillary bud offside is in bending, because offside can not then be whittled into longer section in bending.
Since Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is relatively thin, cuts stock and breaks traditional slightly beveling, but
Be slit longitudinally into long section, scion cunning is whittled into long horse ear shape section, and forming layer exposed parts are just more, it is ensured that scion forming layer and
Stock forming layer docks completely, expands interface, just more in the callus that wound generates, and can very have with healing acceleration
Conducive to the survival rate of raising Magnolia wufengensis grafting.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the scion selection acquisition rugosity is less than stock
The Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of axillary bud of rugosity, cuts off blade, stays the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm long, branch acquisition
Afterwards, moisturizing processing is carried out to branch bottom notch.If directly removing petiole, wound is formed below bud, scion vitality subtracts
It is weak.Branch bottom notch is protected, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, will not be drained, the life for keeping branch vigorous
Power.
According to a preferred embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the concrete mode of the moisturizing processing
It is:Entire bundle branch will be sprayed into a small amount of water after one circle of clip package with wet cotton towel is dipped in, then with preservative film by entire bundle branch
Item is wrapped up.Ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, will not be drained, the vitality for keeping branch vigorous.As do not needed if at once
The branch bandaged is positioned at shady and cool ventilation, can be used in 2 days;It is then placed within 3-5 days in 4 DEG C of refrigerators if you need to place,
A no longer than week.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the stock is 2-3 raw healthy and strong disease-free
Yulan category nursery stock be stock, stock was trimmed in 20 days before grafting, and sterilization treatment is carried out to nursery stock and soil.Grafting
When need not carry out this work again, grafting speed can be greatly improved.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the angular cut length is 0.5-0.8cm;Institute
State a length of 3.5-4.5cm of long section, width 0.5-1cm;A length of 3.5-4.5cm of the long horse ear shape section;The beveling
Mouth 10-20cm from the ground.Grafting part is relatively low, can be directly embedding by grafting part during Nursery stock transplanting close to ground
In soil, ensure that nursery stock late growth is dry-shaped straight.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the engrafting method is selected sunny or cloudy
Weather carries out.Bacterium can be grown by raining, and cause the interface not tied up water inlet infection, therefore sunny or cloudy weather is selected to be transferred
It connects, according to weather forecast situation, rainwater arriving before noon stops grafting.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the engrafting method selection is in 18-25 DEG C of temperature
It is carried out under the conditions of degree.Temperature callus growth at 18-25 DEG C is very fast when grafting, to graft optimal temperature.Period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m temperature
Stop grafting more than 30 DEG C, afternoon, temperature can continue to graft after reducing.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the plastic film tape is long 25-30cm, width
2.5-3.5cm 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic.The plastic film tape of making is convenient for wrapping.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention, the engrafting method enters rest period in nursery stock
Stop grafting within first 20 days.Enter branch after autumn and lignifying tendency occur, you can starts to graft, grafting time sustainable 2 months or so.
Further include connecing rear management process according to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method of the present invention:
After grafting, the next spring fringe bud cuts stock above the grafting part after sprouting at 5-10cm, wait for that fringe bud is grown
After young sprout 3-4 piece cotyledons, removal binding plastic film cuts anvil at the interface healing when young sprout 10-15cm long above side again
Wood;It such as finds that young sprout is grown obliquely, then uses bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, young sprout is bundled on column, periodically remove grafting
The branch germinated on stock below position.
Compared with prior art, a technical solution in above-mentioned technical proposal has the following advantages that:
1, stock notch is whittled into long section, and scion notch is whittled into long horse ear shape section, and forming layer exposed parts are more, interface
Expand, it is just more in the callus that wound generates, it can solve Magnolia wufengensis with healing acceleration by the means and quickly breeds
Technological difficulties, overcome the low technical deficiency of Magnolia wufengensis routine engrafting method survival rate.
2, scion branch is wrapped up after a small amount of water with preservative film with dipping in wet cotton towel and will spray after one circle of clip package, is protected
Card scion has sufficient moisture, vitality vigorous.
3, using this method, Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock can be fast and efficiently bred, survival rate is up to 95%.
4, this method is vegetative propagation, being capable of the new quality product kind of fast-propagation Magnolia wufengensis.
Specific implementation mode
It is illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.The present embodiment is that principles and features of the present invention are described, institute
It gives an actual example and is served only for explaining the present invention, be not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Inventor combines the means such as used expansion forming layer interface, scion fresh-keeping of Magnolia wufengensis breeding experience for many years
Improve Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate:On the one hand since Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is relatively thin, cuts stock
Break traditional slightly beveling, but is slit longitudinally into long section;Clip is wrapped up one by another aspect branch with wet cotton towel is dipped in
It is wrapped up with preservative film after spraying a small amount of water after circle, ensures that scion has sufficient moisture, vitality vigorous.Scion cunning is whittled into long horse ear
Shape section, forming layer exposed parts are just more, it is ensured that and scion forming layer docks completely with stock forming layer, expands interface,
It is just more in the callus that wound generates, survival rate can be improved with healing acceleration.
The present embodiment Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method is as follows:
(1)Grafting time:There is lignifying tendency in branch after generally entering after autumn, you can starts to graft, grafting time can be held
It is 2 months or so continuous, stop grafting within 20 days before nursery stock enters rest period;Sunny or cloudy weather is selected to be grafted, according to day
Gas predicting condition, rainwater arriving before noon stop grafting;Temperature is advisable with 18-25 DEG C when grafting, and period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m temperature is more than 30 DEG C and stops
It only grafts, afternoon, temperature continued to graft after reducing.
(2)The selection and processing of stock:It is stock to select the raw healthy and strong disease-free yulan category nursery stocks of 2-3, is usually selected
Flos micheliae Albae or Y biondii(Pamp)D.L.Fu make stock, are trimmed to stock within 20 days before grafting, and sterilization treatment is carried out to nursery stock and soil.It transfers
This work need not be carried out when connecing again, grafting speed can be improved.
(3)The selection and processing of scion:Since the raw stock rugosity of 2-3 is in 1cm or so, rugosity is selected to be less than stock thick
The Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of degree, the full stalwartness of axillary bud.Be specifically chosen rugosity be 0.4-0.8cm internode is uniform, axillary bud is full
Full raw substantial development branch of healthy and strong Magnolia wufengensis current year, cuts off blade, stays the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm length, every 50 branches
Wrap up into a bundle, often tie put at branch bottom notch it is neat, with dip in wet cotton towel by after one circle of clip package by entire bundle
Branch sprays a small amount of water, is then wrapped up entire bundle branch with preservative film, preferably accomplishes with adopting with connecing.Ensure that scion has sufficient water
Point, it will not be drained, vitality is vigorous.As not being positioned at shady and cool ventilation if at once, can be used in 2 days;If you need to put
It sets and is then placed within 3-5 days in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, no longer than a week.
(4)The making of plastic film tape:It weighs and is divided into long 25- with paper knife after 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic folds
The plastic film tape of 30cm, width 2.5-3.5cm, convenient for wrapping.
(5)Cut stock:Its soil sundries first is cleaned with dry cotton before the stock from the ground grafting of the positions 10-20cm, with transferring
The angular cut that knife is close to one 0.5-0.8cm long of bast inside cutting is connect, reaches xylem, then the 3.5- right over angular cut
At 4.5cm, against the longitudinally perpendicular downward sliding cutting of lower section angular cut to angular cut, to form long section, long section width is bigger
In scion rugosity, generally 0.5-1cm.Grafting part is relatively low, can be directly by grafting during Nursery stock transplanting close to ground
Position is embedded in soil, ensures that nursery stock late growth is dry-shaped straight.
(6)Cut scion:The long horse ear shape section of about 25 ° of angular length 3.5-4.5cm is whittled into downslide in scion axillary bud offside, is cut
Face is inclined cross entire branch diameter, and medulla is seen in lower section in horse ear shape section, is cut at the 0.8-1cm of bud top.As axillary bud offside is in
Bending is then in axillary bud side, because offside can not then be whittled into longer section in bending.
(7)Scion is bound:Notch is inserted into scion, the long horse ear shape section of scion is docked with the long section forming layer of stock, is used
Plastic film tape is bound from bottom to top, remaining position is both needed to swathe tight in addition to axillary bud leaks out.
(8)It is managed after connecing:The next spring fringe bud cuts stock above the grafting part after sprouting at 5-10cm, wait for fringe bud
After growing young sprout 3-4 piece cotyledons, removal binding plastic film is cut at the interface healing above side again when young sprout 10-15cm long
Disconnected stock.It such as finds that young sprout is grown obliquely, then uses bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, young sprout is bundled on column, periodically remove
The branch germinated on stock below grafting part.
Graft stock and all notch of scion must flat smooths.
It is verified by above method grafting and breeding Magnolia wufengensis:Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate is up to 95%, carries significantly
The high efficiency of Magnolia wufengensis grafting, solves the problems, such as Magnolia wufengensis fast breeding difficulty.
Contrast experiment:
By engrafting method of the present invention(Experimental group)With traditional side grafting(Control group 1)And cut-grafting(Control group 2)Engrafting method
Carry out Experimental comparison.Each experimental group selects 200 scion to graft 2 years raw Y biondii(Pamp)D.L.Fu nursery stocks of same type of the same area at random, selects
It selects the consistent grafting worker of three skills involved in the labour to graft, compares survival rate and the labor intensive time of three kinds of methods.
Survival rate and grafting consuming time are shown in Table 1.
1 Magnolia wufengensis different grafting methods survival rate of table
The experimental results showed that:Technical solution through the invention, one side stock are slit longitudinally into long section, and scion cunning is whittled into length
Horse ear shape section, forming layer exposed parts are just more, and interface expands, just more in the callus that wound generates, and can accelerate
Healing;Another aspect branch is wrapped up after a small amount of water with preservative film with dipping in wet cotton towel and will spray after one circle of clip package, is protected
Card scion has sufficient moisture, vitality vigorous.It is 95% with the technology graft survival rate, is far above the 20.5% of control group 1
With the 63.5% of control group 2, the grafting of engrafting method of the present invention takes in addition is also significantly lower than control group 2 for 2.25h.Therefore originally
Invention substantially increases the graft survival rate of Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, improves grafting efficiency, has saved labour cost.
It the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
The limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Protection scope of the present invention is also should be regarded as into retouching.