CN101103690B - Quick reproduction method of grape grafting seedlings - Google Patents
Quick reproduction method of grape grafting seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN101103690B CN101103690B CN200710052782A CN200710052782A CN101103690B CN 101103690 B CN101103690 B CN 101103690B CN 200710052782 A CN200710052782 A CN 200710052782A CN 200710052782 A CN200710052782 A CN 200710052782A CN 101103690 B CN101103690 B CN 101103690B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid propagation method of grape grafted seedlings. The winter grape hard branch is taken as a rootstock and a scion. Through an appropriate temperature, the graft union isfirstly in thermal synthesis. Afterwards the rootstock surface is heated for the callus of the graft union. A medicament with an proper formula is adopted for the dipping of the injured face to facilitate the healing of the graft union and the wound healing and rooting of the rootstock lower part, in which the step is that the first is the rootstock branch treatment, the second is the ear shoot treatment, the third is the inlaying grafting and connecting of the rootstock branch and ear shoot, as well as the ear opening bandaging, the fourth is the heat wound healing of the graft union, the fifth is the wound healing and rooting of the rootstock opening, the sixth is the transplanting and container transplanting seedling. The invention is simple and practical with convenient operation, short seedling cycle which only needs 1 to 8 months, high survival rate which can be more than 90%, low production cost, strong seedling growth, long growth period, fully aging branches and tendrils and good seedling quality, thereby the mechanical large-scale factory production is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fast seedling growing technical field of gardening plant, more specifically relate to a kind of method for quickly breeding of grape grafting.
Background technology
Grape is carried out grafting cultivation, be to improve the grape disease and insect resistance and resist effective measures arid, cold, saline and alkaline, the waterlogging disaster, adopt good stock can also improve the quality of fruit simultaneously, stablize vintage, increase economic efficiency (1, Yang Zhiyuan, " rattan is harvested grape and is suitable for stock research preliminary study ", China and foreign countries' grape and wine, 2002, (6): 28～30; 2, Xu Hong etc., " preliminary study is identified in grape rootstock and kind drought resisting ", Chinese fruit tree, 2004 (2): 30; 3, Jiang Aili etc., " different stocks are harvested the influence of grape growth and fruit quality to rattan ", Shanghai Agricultural journal 2005,21 (3): 73～75; 4, Kubo Tian Shanghao, Li Xianggen, peace well public affairs one. " stock is harvested the influence of sugar, organic acid, amino acid, Anthocyanin Content in the grape fruit to rattan ". hubei agricultural science, 1995 (4): 50～52.).Therefore, the grape grafting cultivation be China's grape industry novel culture technique of wideling popularize promotion (1, Li Wei, Zhang Fuqing etc. " grafting cultivation---realize China wine-growing modernization important channel ", China and foreign countries' grape and wine, 2001, (2): 13～14; 2, Yang Zhiyuan " the practical culture technique of Zhejiang grape " Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2002.7), yet the key of implementation grafting cultivation is to carry out using grafting to build the garden.
Grape grafting raising technology, common method is to gather the stock branch winter in the production, spring, cuttage was in the nursery, after the young sprout that bears suitable rugosity is taken out in the stock germination, after adopting the method breeding nursery stock of green branch grafting or growing 1 year, again the inferior spring connect firmly grafting (1, Yang Zhiyuan " Zhejiang grape practical culture technique " Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2002.7; 2, He Puchao chief editor " enology " Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1999).The conventional grafting seedlings-growing method cycle long (10 months～2 years), and require being skilled in technique of grafting worker.On the practical work, adopt green branch grafting, because the stock growing way is weak, very thin, and the scion growing way is prosperous, and rugosity is difficult for unanimity between the anvil fringe, and the grafting part healing is to amblent air temperature conditional request height such as temperature, humidity.Yang Zhiyuan grows seedlings at summary Zhejiang Province grape and thinks when putting into practice, in the production that employing grape green branch grafting is grown seedlings, the main problem that exists is that green branch grafting optimum period is short: cuttage then, grafting then, just can reach the suitableeest stock rugosity of grafting in the condition of Zhejiang sea salt down to early June, and generally be 1 month bai-u rainy period that reaches in area, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces the mid-June that arrives, the inconvenience grafting, therefore, the suitable green branch grafting phase is short.With rootstock seedling next year, not only increased growing-seedling period, the rootstock seedling of Yi Zhiing also can only be in the late May grafting simultaneously, and grafting time, is not long yet.Be deferred to the grafting in July after bai-u rainy period finishes, easily meet the phase in high temperature dry season, survival rate is low, the difficulty of sprouting is taken out the tip even budder to sprout, and its vegetative period is also short, the aging degree of branch is low, phase autumn and winter is met frost, the nursery stock stripping that dries up, and the phase seedling death phenomenon of surviving the winter is serious, planting percent is low and most nursery stock branches and tendrils are very thin, a little less than the growing way, seedling quality is poor, is difficult to out garden one-level seedling.For this reason, he has proposed the method for booth graft seedling growth, though can heat in early days and the grafting time effect of taking shelter from rain by booth, ahead of time and prolong grafting time, has improved planting percent, simultaneously since the booth facility build and also increased seedling cost.(1, Yang Zhiyuan " grape grafting cultivation ", Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2006,112～113); Another kind of seedling-cultivating method is and adopts stiff wood grafting in spring next year in the production, and again because the effect of grape bleeding, its grafting hypothermic phase is in the winter time carried out before bleeding occurs later, otherwise influence the survival rate of grafting, and growing-seedling period reaches 2 years, and the field workload is big, the management cost height.Therefore, for solving the problem that exists in the production of grape graft seedling growth, we begin to consider new technical thought 2003: according to vines easy product callus and the characteristics of taking root are arranged, can utilize winter aging branches and tendrils to carry out the hard branch of stiff wood grafting and grow seedlings, break to produce and go up the old anvil of stiff wood grafting that adopts usually, the green branch of hard scion grafting, the green branch of green branch grafting seedling-cultivating method.The key problem in technology of this method is how to make the healing earlier of grafting mouth, does not sprout and make to budder as far as possible, and stock is taken root.Through 2004～2007 years 4 years grope research with constantly perfect, adopt chemicals treatment interface and anvil mouth, the grafting of heat healing earlier mouth, the short anvil mouth of the heat seedling-cultivating method of taking root is successfully feasible again, and having passed through the pilot experiment of a large amount of seedling-wood breedings in 2 years, effect stability, planting percent height, to produce seedling quality good.Adopt directly than Liu Huizhen etc. the root heating transplanted a cutting in grafting, promptly impel the period of heating (20～40 days) of the seedling-cultivating method of taking root short earlier, few, planting percent (80%) height of power consumption, (1, Liu Huizhen, Cao Fengling, grape grafting nutritional bag technology, Ningxia agriculture and forestry science and technology, 2006,4:62); Transplant a cutting seedling than the healing grafting of heating of employing booths such as Sun Haisheng, make the interface healing stable, average planting percent (75%) height with the nursery effect that carries out method synchronously of taking root.(Sun Haisheng, Wang Zhongyue etc., the stripped grafting test of vine hard branch, orchard worker's friend, 2007,4:8), introduction methods such as while grandson Hai Sheng are because the premature eruption of buddering, after transplanting, easily go out the dead seedling of later stage of moisture and nutrient supply deficiency, simultaneously, transplant inconvenience because this method stock is taken root longly too early, and its practicality aborning, be still waiting further application verification.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the fast breeding method of a kind of grape grafting.It is simple, and is easy to operate.Adopt the growing-seedling period of this method short (only needing 1-8 month), planting percent (can reach more than 90%) height, and also production cost is low, and the nursery stock growing way is strong, and seedling quality is good, also can adopt grafting machine to carry out mechanization, batch production, large-scale production.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention solves is: the characteristics of utilizing vines easy product callus to be arranged and take root, adopt electric heating warming and growth regulator to handle grafting part earlier, make and produce callus between stock and scion fast, the stock base portion is heated in the interface healing again, impels it to take root, be transplanted to then in the land for growing field crops or the container of planting, cultivate 1-8 and can go out the garden in individual month.Since first heat seal grafting part, shortly again given birth to the stock base portion and taken root, make moisture and nutrient after the scion sprout sprouts can in time obtain supply, can improve planting percent and seedling quality effectively.It may further comprise the steps:
At first be that the anvil branch is handled: prepare the living then sturdy aging branches and tendrils of grape rootstock and scion variety during according to the required winter pruning of production cultivation, preceding 20～30 days of husky Tibetan next year open country rudiment begins indoor stiff wood grafting.Select anvil cladus rugosity at 0.5～1.0cm, and rugosity is close, the bright branches and tendrils that storage back eye is full adopt the method for simple bud branch cleft grafting to carry out the hard branch of stiff wood grafting.By the simple bud joint branch section that among Fig. 1 the anvil secateurs is become 8-12cm, the lower end stays 3～4cm long pruning to become angle, stays the 5cm straight snips on the bud of upper end, goes up the cross section central longitudinal to riving along branch, forms an interface; Next is that cladus is handled: by the simple bud branch section that shown in Fig. 2 cladus also is cut into 6～8cm, the bud upper end stays 2cm straight snips, bud lower end to stay 2～3cm to be whittled into the wedge shape of 2～3cm; The 3rd is that the anvil cladus is pegged graft: in the otch by the anvil branch of shown in Fig. 3 cladus being pegged graft, and make cambium alignment between branch; The 4th is that fringe/anvil scion grafting mouth is handled: use the wide film bundling grafting mouth of 1～2cm from bottom to top by method shown in Figure 4, and clip on the cladus is obturaged; The 5th is that the healing of interface heat is urged root with the heat of anvil mouth: make medium of seedling bed with rugosity at 0.1～3mm yellow sand, being paved into thickness is the husky bed of 10～15cm.As shown in Figure 5, to bandage anvil fringe grafting by 45～60 ° of angles, the proper alignment of embarking on journey is on the husky bed of 10～15cm at thickness, to be embedded in below the grafting mouth in the husky bed substrate, be exposed at more than the scion eye above the husky bed, in distance middle part grafting mouth and husky bed bottom surface each parallel bury underground one hot line, ground hot line and skewer bar be the husky bed substrate of 2cm at interval, skewer bar heating position is heated evenly, connects top heating wire, electric heating warming grafting oral area position earlier, with the temperature controller design temperature at 25～28 ℃, heat after 6 days, when interface begins to have callus to form, connect the bottom heating wire, and temperature is controlled at 23-26 ℃, electric heating is facilitated the anvil base portion and is taken root, and when the middle part interface heals after 4-6 days, stops the heating of top grafting mouth, only allow the bottom heating wire heat, 5-8 days, stock base portion callus formed, when new root has just grown, stop heating, naturally cool to indoor temperature, cold bed was handled after 2～3 days, prepared to transplant; The 6th is to transplant: press shown in Fig. 6 and 7, interface is healed and root is taken root or produced callus anvil fringe grafting preferably cutting seedling, transplant to container or the nursery or build the garden field planting of directly planting.
The invention solves in the production grape graft seedling growth method upward commonly used and exist long, problems such as planting percent is low, cost height of production cycle,, have the nursery stage weak point with existing grape seedling growing process ratio, effect stability, cost is low, and seedling quality is good, promotes the use of in being convenient to produce.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for the method for quickly breeding anvil secateurs of a kind of grape grafting cuts, the interface schematic diagram is rived on top;
Fig. 2 cut to reach the lower end and is whittled into the wedge shape schematic diagram for cutting for the method for quickly breeding cladus of a kind of grape grafting;
Fig. 3 is the method for quickly breeding fringe anvil grafting schematic diagram of a kind of grape grafting;
Fig. 4 is method for quickly breeding cladus/anvil scion grafting mouth wrapping schematic diagram of a kind of grape grafting;
Fig. 5 is that husky bed of the method for quickly breeding of a kind of grape grafting and heating wire are laid, grafting mouth and anvil mouth heating position schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the method for quickly breeding container of a kind of grape grafting is transplanted schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the method for quickly breeding container seedling schematic diagram of a kind of grape grafting;
Fig. 8 is grafting mouth healing and the anvil schematic diagram of taking root, and the grafting mouth heals among the figure, and the stock root of hair reaches the transplanting standard.
Fig. 9 transplants after the grafting at container nutritive cube finished product seedling schematic diagram, when nursery stock length is to 3～5 leaves among the figure, can be used for field planting fully and builds the garden, and whole nursery stages are 1.5 months times spent only.
Embodiment
The method for quickly breeding of a kind of grape grafting, it comprises the following steps:
A, anvil branch are handled: with husky storage back grape rootstock secateurs growth in winter 8 or 9 or 10 simple buds joint branch section, the lower end stays 3～4cm long pruning to become angle, dip in to be stained with root-growing agent and cut bevel, root-growing agent is 300ppm indolebutyric acid+400～500ppm methyl mixed liquor, stay the 5cm straight snips on the bud of upper end, to riving, form an interface, along branch face central longitudinal as Fig. 1.
B, cladus handle: cladus also is cut into long 8 or 9 or 10 or cm left and right sides simple bud branch section, stays the 2cm straight snips on the bud of upper end, the lower end is whittled into wedge shape, as Fig. 2, and dips in and is stained with bevel with 100ppm indolebutyric acid+200ppm methyl mixed liquor, promotes to heal.
C, anvil cladus are pegged graft: cladus is plugged in the otch of anvil branch, makes the anvil branch clamp cladus, and the cambium alignment is connected airtight between the anvil cladus, as Fig. 3.
D, cladus/anvil scion grafting mouth are handled: use film bundling grafting mouth from bottom to top, and clip on the cladus is obturaged, only reveal the cladus eye, as Fig. 4.
The laying of E, husky bed and heating wire: make medium of seedling bed with rugosity at 0.1～3mm yellow sand, be paved into thickness and be 10～15cm sand bed.The skewer bar seedling of handling well is embarked on journey proper alignment last by 45～60 ° of angles, will be embedded in below the grafting mouth in the husky bed substrate, be exposed at more than the scion eye above the husky bed.Each parallelly buries a farming land hot line underground in distance middle part grafting mouth and husky bed bottom surface, and the spacing of reaching the standard grade and rolling off the production line is 5～6cm, and staggered.Be " bow " shape with layer line and in husky bed, arrange, want parallel even laying between line, and will tighten line is stretching, can not intersect.The general electric thermal power 80～100W/M that presses
2Calculate the heating wire consumption, arrange heating wire, distance between centers of tracks is that 4-6cm is advisable.The husky bed substrate of 1～2cm is at interval wanted at the heating position of ground hot line and grape grafting anvil cladus bar, enables thermally equivalent, as Fig. 5.Complete the ground hot line and put side by side after the grape grafting transplants a cutting, water an amount of clear water in husky bed, it is agglomerating that husky expert is pinched, and decontrols the humidity of promptly loosing and be advisable.
The healing of F, grafting mouth heat: connect ground, top hot line, the heat seal grafting oral area position of heating earlier, and control temperature with temperature controller, make grafting oral area position remain on 25～28 ℃.
Root is urged in G, the heating of anvil mouth: after 4～6 days, connect ground, bottom hot line in the hot line heating of ground, top, electric heating is urged root, temperature is controlled at 23～26 ℃, when the middle part interface heals substantially after 6 days, stops the heating of top grafting mouth, only allow the bottom heating wire heat, about again 5-8 days, when stock base portion callus forms, and new root was when just having grown, stop heating, allow bed temperature drop to indoor natural temperature, after 2～3 days, transplant again.
H, transplanting: it is good that interface is healed, and the anvil base portion produces callus and takes root, and the cutting of buddering and sprouting or beginning to sprout is arrived the nursery with nutritive cube transplanting or direct transplanting, as shown in Figure 6.The transplanting phase when being lower than 5 ℃ as the environmental temperature in nursery, then needs to add a cover the little shed of plastics on the seedling furrow face and be incubated planting, and prevents freeze injury.Adopt container method (as Fig. 7) to grow seedlings, when nursery stock grows to 3～5 leaves, promptly can be used for building the garden field planting.
I, the management of transplanting back: vine hard branch heat seal cutting seedling, management is grown seedlings with the conventional method grape behind the transplant survival, mainly is the reinforcement extermination of disease and insect pest, pinching in time, draws and tie up branch.
Claims (1)
1. the method for quickly breeding of a grape grafting, it comprises the following steps:
A, anvil branch are handled: the grape rootstock secateurs is become simple bud joint branch section, and the lower end is cut into angle, dips in to be stained with root-growing agent and cuts bevel, root-growing agent is 300ppm indolebutyric acid+400～500ppm methyl mixed liquor, upper end bud straight snips to riving, forms an interface along branch face central longitudinal;
B, cladus are handled: cladus also is cut into simple bud branch section, and upper end bud straight snips, the lower end is whittled into wedge shape, and dips in and be stained with bevel with 100ppm indolebutyric acid+200ppm methyl mixed liquor, promotes healing;
C, anvil cladus are pegged graft: cladus is plugged in the otch of anvil branch, makes the anvil branch clamp cladus, the cambium alignment is connected airtight between the anvil cladus;
D, cladus/anvil scion grafting mouth are handled: use film bundling grafting mouth from bottom to top, and clip on the cladus is obturaged, only reveal the cladus eye;
E, the laying of husky bed and heating wire: make medium of seedling bed at 0.1～3mm yellow sand with rugosity, being paved into thickness is the husky bed of 10～15cm, the skewer bar seedling of handling well is embarked on journey proper alignment last by 45～60 ° of angles, to be embedded in below the grafting mouth in the husky bed substrate, be exposed at more than the scion eye above the husky bed, each parallelly buries a farming land hot line underground in distance middle part grafting mouth and husky bed bottom surface, the spacing of reaching the standard grade and rolling off the production line is 5～6cm, staggered, being arc with layer line arranges in husky bed, want parallel laid between line, tighten line is stretching, can not intersect, press electric thermal power 80～100W/M
2Calculate the heating wire consumption, arrange heating wire, distance between centers of tracks is 5-8cm, the husky bed substrate of the heating part bit interval 2cm of ground hot line and grape grafting anvil cladus bar is heated, after completing the ground hot line and putting grape grafting cutting side by side, water clear water in husky bed, it is agglomerating that husky expert is pinched, and decontrols the humidity of promptly loosing;
F, the healing of grafting mouth heat: connect ground, top hot line, the heat seal grafting oral area position of heating earlier, and use the temperature controller controlled humidity, grafting oral area position remains on 25～28 ℃;
G, anvil mouth heat are urged root: after ground, top hot line heats 4～6 days, connect ground, bottom hot line, electric heating is urged root, and temperature is controlled at 23～26 ℃, interface healing in middle part after 6 days, stop the heating of top grafting mouth, allow the bottom heating wire heat 5～8 days, when stock base portion callus forms, and new root allows bed temperature drop to indoor temperature naturally after 2～3 days when just having grown, and transplants again;
H, transplanting: interface is healed, the anvil base portion produces callus and takes root, the cutting of buddering and sprouting or beginning to sprout, arrive the nursery with nutritive cube transplanting or direct transplanting, the transplanting phase is when the environmental temperature in nursery is lower than 5 ℃, add a cover the little shed of plastics on the seedling furrow face and be incubated planting, adopt the container method to grow seedlings, when nursery stock grows to 3～5 leaves, be used to build the garden field planting.
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| TWI455681B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-10-11 | Zhan Wen Liao | Methods for rapidly growing a tree |
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| CN106993510A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-01 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | A kind of vinifera batch production stiff wood grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107135815A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-08 | 铜仁市万山区山地刺葡萄农业有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of grape |
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| CN112438130A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-05 | 中国农业大学 | Hard branch grafting method for grapes |
| CN110915449A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-27 | 樊江 | Grafting method for soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN113692866A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-26 | 禄劝普林生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for grafting drupe twigs |
| CN114616991A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-06-14 | 马宪伟 | Grafting method for rapidly updating variety in grape planting |
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