CN112438130A

CN112438130A - Hard branch grafting method for grapes

Info

Publication number: CN112438130A
Application number: CN201910800763.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何非; 王军; 邢婷婷
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-08-28
Filing date: 2019-08-28
Publication date: 2021-03-05

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a grape hard branch grafting method. The hard branch grafting method comprises the following steps: performing hard branch grafting between the bottom of 3 months and the beginning of 4 months, inserting the scion into the stock, and aligning at least one side of the scion with a cambium; inserting the grafted branches into wax juice at 76-80 ℃ to dip in wax, and then cooling; dipping the root of the stock into a rooting agent, placing the stock in a matrix, and storing the stock in a shading mode for 30-40 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 70% -80%; and (4) hardening and transplanting the grafted seedling when the root primordium and the radicle appear at the base part of the stock. According to the invention, the temperature of the wax dipping is adjusted to 76-80 ℃, so that the problems that the grafting opening is scalded to be dead due to overhigh temperature of the grafting opening and the survival rate is influenced are solved.

Description

Hard branch grafting method for grapes

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a grape hard branch grafting method.

Background

The seedling raising technology of the grapes is one of the key links for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the grapes, and the growth speed, growth vigor and yield per unit area of the trees are directly influenced. At present, the most main method for grape seedling culture is hardwood cutting seedling culture. The branches are cut at the moment, the survival rate is high, if the seedling raising quantity is large, the branches can be trimmed indoors in winter, and then the branches are buried well by using wet river sand or sandy loam soil, and the water loss is low. Taking out the cuttings stored in the last year in the last ten days of 4 months, cutting, stacking the cuttings on a hotbed in order, filling the pores among the cuttings with fine sand, and watering thoroughly. After the whole hotbed is fully stacked, the cutting slips are heated to promote rooting. After 10-15 days, white callus is formed at the base of the cutting shoot, and field cutting can be carried out.

The widely used grafting method mainly comprises two modes of green branch grafting and hard branch grafting, wherein the green branch grafting refers to grafting a variety or a stock with stronger resistance by using a semi-lignified scion in a growing season. Cutting off the scion above the scion bud, flattening the cut, leaving 3.0-4.0 cm of scion under the bud, cutting off the scion from a position 3.0-5.0 mm close to the bud base, finding an angle and successfully cutting, and cutting 1 knife on each side of the scion to form a wedge shape. Then, a cutter is arranged at the center of the cross section of the rootstock, and a cleavage port with the length of about 3.0cm is vertically cut downwards. The cut scion is immediately inserted into the notch, and the cambium of the scion and the cambium of the stock are closely connected during the insertion. When binding, the scion is bound tightly except the bud eye exposed outside.

The cutting seedling raising mode is simple to operate, high in propagation coefficient and low in cost, can keep the excellent characteristics of the original variety, but the grape cutting seedling raising mode can cause poor resistance of seedlings, cannot resist the damages of root-knot nematodes, phylloxera and the like, particularly large areas in China, different soil conditions in various areas, and the cutting seedling raising mode cannot be better suitable for different severe environments. The survival rate of the green branch grafting is higher, but the breeding period is long. At present, grape grafting still has many problems, often appears the interface healing poor, and stock ear quality is relatively poor, and environmental condition is unsuitable, the variety is chaotic, technical problem such as the transplantation process is unreasonable, leads to grafting seedling survival rate relatively poor, when not transplanting or the phenomenon of dying after transplanting.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a grape hard branch grafting method. The hard branch grafting method can greatly improve the survival rate of the grape grafted seedlings.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a hard branch grafting method of grapes, which comprises the following steps:

performing hard branch grafting between the bottom of 3 months and the beginning of 4 months, inserting the scion into the stock, and aligning at least one side of the scion with a cambium;

inserting the grafted branches into wax juice at 76-80 ℃ to dip in wax, and then cooling;

dipping the root of the stock into a rooting agent, placing the stock in a matrix, and storing the stock in a shading mode for 30-40 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 70% -80%;

and (4) hardening and transplanting the grafted seedling when the root primordium and the radicle appear at the base part of the stock.

The method mainly refines and confirms the selection of the stock and the scion before grafting, the mechanical grafting operation, the quality supervision during grafting, the environmental conditions in a greenhouse after grafting, the use of grafting materials and the like so as to ensure the final grafting survival and the good development of the later growth vigor, and the use of machinery in the grafting technology can better improve the grafting efficiency and the survival rate and save the cost.

In the invention, the wax is dipped quickly, and the cold water cooling is carried out quickly, so that the problems that the grafting opening is scalded and the survival rate is influenced because the grafting opening is dipped with the wax for a long time and is cooled untimely are solved.

Preferably, the rootstock is a branch collected in winter in the previous year, the diameter of the branch is 0.7-1.1 cm, the upper part of a terminal bud is horizontally cut and kept for more than 3cm, the lower part of the terminal bud is obliquely cut under the bud, the length of the terminal bud is 28-32 cm, the bud eyes of the branch are all cut off, and sand storage is carried out before grafting.

Preferably, the scion is a vegetative branch on a bearing branch collected in winter in the previous year, 1/3 branches with fully mature nodes and full eyes and marrow smaller than the diameter of the branch and an annual branch without diseases and pests are selected, sand storage is carried out before grafting, single-bud cutting is carried out one week before grafting, the bud height is 0.5-1 cm, and the bud height is 2-3 cm.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps before the hard branch grafting: and (3) soaking the rootstock or the scion after sand storage in water for 24-48 h, and then performing insecticidal treatment.

Preferably, the insecticidal treatment is to soak the rootstock or the scion in a 50% carbendazim solution with the volume of 800 times for 5 min.

Preferably, the grafting of the hard branches is carried out in an environment with the temperature of 16-20 ℃, the relative humidity of air of 65-75% and sterilization.

Preferably, the hard branch grafting adopts a mechanical grafting mode.

In the invention, mechanical grafting adopts a primary forming machine or a secondary forming machine for grafting.

Preferably, the matrix is a mixture of perlite and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the perlite to the sawdust is (1-2): (1-2).

Preferably, the mass ratio of the perlite to the sawdust in the matrix is 1: 1.

preferably, the seedling exercising temperature is 10-15 ℃, the illumination intensity is 800-1000 lx, and the seedling exercising time is 1-2 d.

Preferably, the transplanting comprises the steps of seedling raising of the grafted seedlings by using a nutrition pot and field transplanting of the grafted seedlings.

Preferably, the nutrient soil adopted by the grafted seedling nutrient bowl for seedling culture is composed of surface soil, sand and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3:2: 1.

The invention provides a hard branch grafting method for grapes. The hard branch grafting method comprises the following steps: performing hard branch grafting between the bottom of 3 months and the beginning of 4 months, inserting the scion into the stock, and aligning at least one side of the scion with a cambium; inserting the grafted branches into wax juice at 76-80 ℃ to dip in wax, and then cooling; dipping the root of the stock into a rooting agent, placing the stock in a matrix, and storing the stock in a shading mode for 30-40 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 70% -80%; and (4) hardening and transplanting the grafted seedling when the root primordium and the radicle appear at the base part of the stock. The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the temperature of the wax dipping is adjusted to 76-80 ℃, so that the problems that the grafting opening is scalded to be dead due to overhigh temperature of the grafting opening and the survival rate is influenced are solved.

2. The invention adopts the grafting machine to carry out the large-scale application of mechanical grafting seedling, realizes the semi-automation of the grape seedling process, improves the grafting efficiency, and greatly saves the time and labor force. Meanwhile, the grafting opening is firmer after mechanical grafting, and the problem that the later survival rate is low due to the fact that the grafting process is not standard is avoided.

3. Grape grafting cultivation has many advantages and becomes an important measure for modern cultivation of grapes. By adopting grafting cultivation, the advantages of the stock variety are fully exerted, the quality of the scion variety is improved, the mature period is adjusted, the yield is increased, the grape planting range can be expanded, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. The grape with high quality and high yield can be obtained by selecting proper and targeted grape stocks under the condition of unfavorable cultivation environment, and the grape stocks with strong stress resistance are developed for grafting, so that the method is the most effective way for solving the problems of freezing injury, salt damage, root diseases and insect pests of grape roots and the like. Compared with the existing grafting mode, the mechanical grafting production efficiency of the hard branches is high, the joints are not easy to break, the seedling culture period is short, the operation is convenient, the large-scale production is convenient, and the current-year grafting, current-year seedling culture and current-year strong seedling outplanting can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the process of grape hard branch grafting according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a grape hard branch grafting method, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by a person skilled in the art by referring to the content in the text. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Interpretation of terms:

hard branch grafting (grafted of hard branch): the rootstock and the annual branch are grafted together in a greenhouse in early spring, so that the breeding period can be obviously shortened, and the tree resistance is enhanced.

Rootstock (rootstock): refers to a plant bearing scions during grafting propagation. The rootstock can be the whole fruit tree, and also can be the root section or branch section of the tree body, and has the functions of fixing and supporting the scion, and forming the plant growth and fruiting after healing with the scion. The stock is the basis of the grafted seedling of the fruit tree, and has good grafting affinity, long seedling life and easy cultivation.

Scion (scion): in plant grafting operations, the shoot, branch, etc. meristematic tissue used to graft onto the rootstock is called a scion.

Rooting agent (rooting agent): in the production and application of vegetables, the vegetable growth promoter contains a plurality of components such as indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, imperial root, br rooting agent, compound sodium nitrophenolate and the like, and has the functions of maintaining the apical dominance of plants in the plants, inducing the transportation of assimilation products (fruits), promoting the rooting of the plants and the like.

Matrix (stroma): a substrate is a solid medium that is intended to provide mechanical support and a supply of material for the crop in place of the soil.

Callus (callus): is a tissue that is newly formed on the surface of a wound after a local part of a plant body is stimulated by the wound. It consists of living parenchymal cells, which can originate from the living cells of various tissues in any organ of the plant body.

Seedling exercising (plantlet hardening): the sterile tissue culture seedlings are moved from the culture room to the outdoor environment close to the natural environment for culture, and the lignification degree of the seedlings and the adaptability to the external environment (natural illumination and temperature and humidity change) are improved.

Field transplantation (transplanting): transplanting the seedlings in the seedbed to the field.

The process of the grape hard branch grafting is shown in figure 1.

The tools or materials used in the method for grafting the hard branches of the grapes are all available on the market.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

example 1

1 stock and scion preparation

Collecting and storing the rootstocks: the rootstocks are generally collected when the rootstocks are pruned in winter in the previous year (11-12 months), and the branches are required to be fresh, completely mature, full in bud eyes, free of diseases and insect hazards, free of mechanical damage and free of freezing and stuffy damage. The diameter of the rootstock is generally 0.7-1.1 cm. The upper part of the terminal bud is cut horizontally for more than 3cm, the lower part of the terminal bud is cut obliquely under the bud, the bud eyes of the branch are all cut off, so that the survival rate of grafting is prevented from being influenced by the germination of stock wood buds, the length is about 30cm, the cut stock branches are required to be upright, and 50 branches are bound one by one. And (3) carrying out sand storage on the cut rootstocks, wherein the sand storage requires to be buried in a ditch with the depth of about 50cm, firstly spreading wet sand or fine sandy soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the ditch, and burying a layer of sand every time a bundle of rootstock branches are placed, so as to ensure that each branch can be contacted with the wet sand. The rootstock branches are horizontally placed. The greenhouse for sand storage needs to be ventilated timely. And 3d before grafting, taking out the stock in sand, putting the stock in a clean water tank, soaking for 24-48 h, taking out, soaking in a 50% carbendazim solution 800 times for 5min for insecticidal treatment, and airing water.

Collecting and storing scions: and (3) harvesting the scion branches by combining winter pruning (11-12 months) after the scion branches are physiologically mature and fall leaves in the previous year, selecting vegetative branches on fruiting branches with pure varieties and robust plants, and selecting annual branches which are fully mature, have enlarged nodes, full bud eyes and marrow parts smaller than 1/3 of the diameter of the branches and have no diseases and insects. Binding every 50 branches, bundling up the branches orderly, marking different varieties, and performing sand preservation by the same method as the rootstocks. Taking out the sand-stored branches one week before grafting, cutting to obtain the scions, wherein the scions are cut by single buds, the upper buds are 0.5-1 cm, and the lower buds are 2-3 cm. The scions with plump bud eyes are selected to be soaked in clear water and in a 50% carbendazim solution of 800 times, and then used for grafting, and the scions with poor bud eyes are intensively placed in a heat preservation shed for germination acceleration.

2 grafting

The time for carrying out the mechanical grafting of the hard branches is preferably from 3 months to 4 months, and the duration is about half a month. Grafting is carried out in a temporary grafting greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 16-20 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70%, 84 disinfectant is used for comprehensively spraying, disinfecting and sterilizing in the grafting greenhouse, and a grafting machine, a seedling box and a turnover box are synchronously disinfected and sterilized.

3 grafting operation method

A primary forming machine: selecting stock ears with matched thicknesses, holding the stock ears by the left hand, pinching the upper parts of scion buds by the right hand, placing the scions in the grooves on the upper layer, and enabling the bud eyes to be aligned with the human body. The bud eye aligns with the outer edge of the right side of the base, the stock is placed on the lower layer, the top end of the stock aligns with the right side of the base groove, the pedal is stepped, and grafting is completed through one-step forming. After grafting, the scion and the stock are righted and aligned by hands, and the thickness is not the same, which is based on the alignment of cambiums on one side.

Secondary forming machine: selecting the stock ears with the matched thickness, the left stock and the right scion. Firstly, the scion is placed, the eyes of the scion are aligned with the outer edge of the right side of the base to the human body. And (4) stepping down a pedal at the position of 1cm of the scion, putting the stock after the foot is collected, and aligning the top end with the right side of the base groove. And (4) treading down a pedal, butting, and performing secondary forming to finish grafting. After grafting, the scion and the stock are righted and aligned by hands, and the thickness is not the same, which is based on the alignment of cambiums on one side.

Before operation, whether a blade and a base of the grafting machine are damaged or not and whether a screw is fastened or not are checked, and lubricating oil is added to each movable part for at least three times every day; checking whether the branches have silt during operation; the branches can not be connected in series on the grafting blade, the blade is easy to be extruded and damaged, if the blade is extruded, the blade can not be pulled hard by force, the blade is easy to be damaged, and maintenance personnel can find out and solve the problem in time; and after the operation is finished, whether a blade and a base of the grafting machine are damaged is checked, all movable parts are lubricated by engine oil, whether screws are fastened is checked, and finally, the head of the grafting machine is covered.

4 dipping wax

The grafting opening is sealed by ACTYGREF special wax for grafting produced by CFCL of France, the proper temperature of the healing wax is 76-80 ℃, and hot water of 90-100 ℃ is injected into the heat preservation layer at the bottom of the wax pot at the beginning. The electric heater controls the wax temperature. When not in use, the wax pot is covered tightly, the temperature of the wax is kept, and the power supply is checked. (or the 'quick heater' and the electric furnace keep the water temperature, the 'quick heater' is hung in the heat preservation water, two ends of the 'quick heater' are respectively arranged, the electric furnace is arranged outside the box body, and the electric furnace is heated at the middle position of the bottom part.) the melted wax is cooled to 82 ℃ and then poured into the wax pot. A sensor of a temperature controller is arranged in the wax pot to control the wax temperature, a thermometer is arranged in the wax pot, and the wax temperature is checked at random. In the process of dipping the wax, the liquid wax needs to be added frequently and less frequently.

And (3) placing the grafted branches into a turnover box, wherein the time interval between grafting and wax dipping is not more than 30 minutes. The wax juice is melted by an electric heater in advance, cooled to 85 ℃, poured into a wax melting pool and used at a temperature of 76-80 ℃. The nursery stock formed by mechanical grafting is manually placed in a wax dissolving pool to be dipped with wax, before the wax is dipped, whether the connector is aligned is seen, the branch is vertically inserted into wax juice to be quickly dipped with wax, and then the branch is quickly placed into clear water to be cooled. Generally, 4-6 seedlings are taken at one time when the wax is dipped manually, and a certain gap is reserved between the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from being stuck together when the wax is dipped.

5 promoting the healing of root and graft

After grafting, dipping 3-4 cm of the base of the stock in an ABT rooting agent, when boxing, firstly paving a layer of matrix of about 5cm at the bottom of a turnover box, wherein the formula ratio of the matrix is perlite to sawdust is 1:1, then vertically pushing branches into the matrix, enabling the nursery stocks to be 5cm away from the bottom and the top of the box respectively and 3cm away from the box, filling the box with the matrix, placing one layer of nursery stock each time, and covering the box with one layer of matrix. After the nursery stock is filled, a layer of gauze is covered on the nursery stock, and wet sawdust with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the gauze. After boxing is finished, all boxes are put on shelves and stored in a shading heat-preservation shed, the temperature in the heat-preservation shed is required to be 20-25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 70% -80%. And (4) generally, accelerating roots and storing for 30-40 days in a heat preservation shed, and transplanting in a field when the grafted nursery stocks grow callus and roots grow at the root parts of the stocks.

6 hardening off the seedlings

When the root primordium and the radicle appear at the base of the stock, the heating is stopped after most nursery stock interfaces are healed. And (4) cooling to about 10-15 ℃, carrying out weak light, and preparing for transplanting after exercising for 1-2 days.

7 transplanting

7.1 seedling raising of grafted seedling in nutritive pot

Preparing soil: the seedling raising in the nutrition pot requires loose soil, fine crushing, good permeability, no salt and alkali and rich organic matters. The nutrient soil is prepared by uniformly stirring surface soil, sand and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 3:2:1, and the mixed soil must be sieved before bagging.

Manufacturing a nutrition bag: the nutrition bag is made of a black plastic film, and is 18-20 cm in height and 10cm in diameter. A small hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the nutrition bag, and two corners of the bag are cut off, so that ventilation and water permeation are facilitated.

Ridging and cutting: the nutrition bag is filled with nutrition soil and is stacked, then the cuttings with the callus growing out are inserted into the bag, and the terminal buds are exposed out of the soil surface. The nutrient soil is about 2cm lower than the bag mouth so as to facilitate watering.

Management: the post-planting management of the grape nutrition pot seedling culture is divided into initial management and seedling management. The main tasks of the initial management are to promote the callus to root and sprout in time, keep the water content of the soil moderate, keep the relative humidity of the air more than 80 percent and keep the temperature of the greenhouse in the white weather of 25-30 ℃. The main task of seedling management is to promote and strengthen the growth of leaves and roots, water is sprayed for many times in the space outside a seedbed, the illumination is gradually enhanced, and higher air temperature (28-33 ℃) is maintained in the daytime; replenishing water into the bowl at proper time, spraying foliar fertilizer, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and eliminating weeds during the period, spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate into 0.1% urea for 1 time every 3 days when the height of seedlings is 5-10 cm, and continuously spraying foliar fertilizer for 3 times; the bactericide of Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb, Kebo, etc. is used alternately to prevent and control downy mildew, etc. Weeds are pulled out along with the grafted seedlings, after the grafted seedlings are cut and survived, a plurality of sprouts are easily generated on the rootstocks, and the sprouts are easy to consume nutrients and need to be removed in time.

And (4) outplanting: when the nutrition pot seedlings grow to the later stage, the main task at the later stage is to promote the seedlings to be strong so as to adapt to the external environment and reach the standard of seedling outplanting. And simultaneously, gradually reducing the temperature, the humidity and the water content of the nutrient soil in the greenhouse until the greenhouse film is completely removed. The standard of nursery stock is that the height of a young shoot is more than 10cm, the diameter is more than 0.2cm, 4-6 unfolded functional leaves exist, the root system is well developed, the leaves are dark green and thick, and no diseases or insect pests exist.

7.2 field transplantation of grafted seedlings

Selecting and treating grafted seedlings: before the grafted seedlings are planted in the field, the grafted seedlings after root promotion are selected, the seedling base parts are selected to have callus or have rooted roots and complete branches, the grafting openings have callus, and the callus is not mildewed or withered. The selected nursery stock is washed clean by clear water, especially the grafting opening, so that the cleanness of the nursery stock is ensured. Dipping the disinfected qualified nursery stock in CIRFLEX (melting point 85-90 deg.C, special wax for high temperature open field) special fixed wax (the wax dipping method is the same as the sealing wax method) and 150mg/L rooting powder.

Transplanting time of the field: the time for transplanting the grafted seedlings in the field is determined according to the local surface temperature, and the temperature of 20cm below the surface of the ground is required to reach 10-20 ℃. The selection is best in the middle and late days of 5 months, and the transplanting cannot be performed prematurely. The temperature on the day of transplanting cannot be too high, the temperature is generally about 20 ℃, and if the high temperature exceeds 30 ℃ in the noon, the transplanting is carried out before 10 am or 3 pm.

Digging holes and planting method: because the cutting branches are more, ridge cutting is adopted in production, the ridge distance is generally 65-70 cm, black mulching films cover the ridges, and the plant distance is about 6 cm. Digging a planting ditch in winter in the previous year, digging the planting ditch before freezing, wherein the depth of the ditch is 30cm, punching holes are punched on ridges by using a punching machine, and two holes are punched in each row, wherein the depth of each hole is 10-15 cm.

Cutting of grafted seedlings: opening drip irrigation 3h before cuttage to enable the seedling bed to be irrigated thoroughly, pinching the lower part (about 10 cm) of a grafting opening by hands during seedling cuttage to vertically insert the seedling into the hole to reach the depth of 10-12 cm of the soil layer, wherein the overground part of the grafted seedling is about 25cm, and then irrigating the seedling hole with fine soil. During cuttage, the cutting is inclined to the north and 75 degrees with the ground, and the terminal bud is south. After the ground surface is slightly dry, the inserted mulching film is tightly covered by fine soil.

And (3) water and fertilizer management: the seedling recovering period is 10 days after cuttage, and the important point of the seedling recovering period is moisture preservation. And (3) entering a germination period after cutting for 10d, dripping water in good time to the nursery stock at the time, irrigating water once every 10d or so, paying attention to a small amount of water for many times, and intertilling and loosening soil in time after irrigating water for each time. When the seedlings grow to more than 3 leaves on average, 2.5kg of urea or special flush fertilizer is used for every 667m2, and drip irrigation is carried out along with water, and then chasing is carried out once every 15d for 3-4 times. The whole growing season is 2-3 times, nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used in the early period, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are mainly used in the later period. The foliage dressing can be carried out by combining with pesticide spraying, wherein 0.3 percent of urea and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are added.

Branch tip management: when the seedlings grow to about 40cm, the shoots are wiped off, and 1 stout new shoot is reserved for each plant. Excess is wiped off. Timely pinching when the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm to promote the seedling to be thickened, and timely treating the secondary tips.

Seedling setting: the seedling-erecting materials are small bamboo rods, nylon ropes and cotton ropes, the height of each small bamboo rod is 1-2 m, each group of 3 and 2 high-erected seedlings is formed into a team in a crossed mode, each group of low-erected seedlings is formed into a group, the bamboo rods of each group are connected together through thin ropes, the low-erected seedlings are tied into an X shape or an H shape, the high-erected seedlings are tied into an inverted V shape, and the high-erected seedlings are firmly tied. The bamboo pole is exposed out of the ridge film by more than 80cm, and the soil inserting depth is 20-30 cm.

And (3) pest control: the disease is mainly used for preventing downy mildew, after the nursery stock is transplanted for 5-7 days, the nursery stock is sprayed with 78% Kebo wettable powder 600 times of liquid for 1 time after 15 days, and the disease is continuously carried out for 2-3 times, so that the downy mildew can be effectively prevented. The liquid is sprayed once every half month from the middle and the last ten days of 6 months at a ratio of 1:1:240 Bei Bordea, so that the occurrence of diseases can be prevented. And in 7-9 months, imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin are sprayed every 20 days to prevent and control the hazards of lygus lucorum. The 20% fast-killing emulsifiable solution 2000 times liquid is used for preventing and controlling the two-star leafhoppers.

Lifting seedlings out of the nursery and storing: the seedling taking and outplanting time is generally carried out before and after the leaves fall in late autumn (from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months). The seedling lifter is operated, sufficient water is poured before lifting seedlings, large roots are damaged as much as possible during lifting seedlings, more fibrous roots are reserved, the lifted seedlings are prevented from being exposed for a long time, dehydration and air drying are caused, and the lifted seedlings can be buried shallowly in time. And trimming the dug seedlings, reserving 3-5 buds on branches, reserving 20-25 cm of thick roots, and trimming the root wounds to facilitate healing. Removing the injured, diseased and weak seedlings of various kinds of seedlings out of the nursery, and bundling the seedlings in a grading manner, wherein the bundling is preferably 10-20 seedlings/bundle. And packaging the high-quality nursery stocks after the nursery is delivered out of the garden with double-layer bags (plastic bags and woven bags), tightening, and storing in a refrigeration house.

8 notes on items

The selection of proper grafting time is the first factor of success of hard branch grafting seedling culture, and the grafting is generally carried out in the beginning of 3 months at the bottom and 4 months in Shandong, Hebei and the like.

If manual sorting of the seed strips is not carried out, the thickness of the stock and the scion is not uniform easily, a certain gap exists between grafting ports during grafting, great influence is formed on healing, and the survival rate of grafting is directly influenced.

The quality of the stock and the scion and the grafting technology are the key points for successful seedling culture. Therefore, the stocks and the scions are required to be guaranteed not to mildew during storage and not to lose water and dry up, and the stocks and the scions are strictly selected and carefully grafted during grafting. If the maturity of the seed strip per se is poor, the formation and healing of callus can be influenced, and false phenomena are easy to appear after grafting.

Whether facility environmental conditions after grafting are proper or not directly influences the healing of a grafting opening, and the survival rate is seriously influenced if the callus of the grafting opening is formed slowly, which is mainly characterized by temperature and humidity control, easy mildew formation of the grafting opening and the like. If the temperature and the humidity can not be strictly controlled in the healing treatment of the grafting opening, the healing treatment has great influence on the wound after grafting, which is also the key point of the hard-branch grafting seedling and is also the main link influencing the survival rate of the hard-branch grafting seedling.

The humidity adjustment and shading facility in the greenhouse after grafting survival are important, the grafting opening with too low humidity is easy to be dried, the humidity is too high, root rot is easy to form at the root growing position of the stock, and finally the survival rate after grafting is influenced.

Comparative example 1

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the temperature of the dipping wax was changed. Compared with the article 'research on the healing performance and rooting rate of the combination of the stock and the scion in the grafting and seedling raising of the wine grapes', the wax dipping temperature of the comparative example is 90 ℃.

Comparative example 2

The procedure was as in example 1 except that the manner of grafting on the hard branches was different. Compared with the article of Betada, the influence on the growth, development and disease resistance of six fresh grape varieties, the hard branch grafting mode of the comparison example is cleft grafting.

Test example 1 effect verification of hard branch grafting

Grafting the grapes by adopting the grafting modes of the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, treating 200 plants each, and counting the grafting survival rate:

TABLE 1 grape hard branch grafting survival rate

Group of	Survival rate
		Example 1	85％
Comparative example 1	69％
		Comparative example 2	82％

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grape hard branch grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The hardwood grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock is a branch collected in winter of the previous year, the diameter of the branch is 0.7-1.1 cm, the upper part of a terminal bud is cut flatly for more than 3cm, the lower part of the terminal bud is cut obliquely under the bud, the length of the branch is 28-32 cm, the bud eye of the branch is completely cut off, and sand storage is carried out before grafting.

3. The hard branch grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the scion is a vegetative branch on a bearing branch collected in winter of the previous year, 1/3 branches with full maturity, enlarged nodes, full bud eyes and marrow smaller than the diameter of the branch and no disease or pest are selected, sand storage is performed before grafting, single-bud cutting is performed one week before grafting, the distance between buds is 0.5-1 cm, and the distance between buds is 2-3 cm.

4. The hardwood grafting method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the hardwood grafting, the steps of: and (3) soaking the rootstock or the scion after sand storage in water for 24-48 h, and then performing insecticidal treatment.

5. The hardwood grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the hardwood grafting is performed in an environment of 16-20 ℃ and 65% -75% of relative air humidity, and sterilization.

6. The hardwood grafting method of claim 1 wherein the hardwood grafting is by mechanical grafting.

7. The hardwood grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is a mixture of perlite and sawdust, and the mass ratio of perlite to sawdust is (1-2): (1-2).

8. The hard branch grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling exercising temperature is 10-15 ℃, the illumination intensity is 800-1000 lx, and the seedling exercising time is 1-2 days.

9. The hardwood grafting method of claim 1, wherein the transplanting comprises the steps of nursery raising of grafted seedlings and field transplanting of grafted seedlings.

10. The hardwood grafting method according to claim 9, wherein the nutrient soil adopted for seedling raising in the nutrition pot of the grafted seedling consists of surface soil, sand and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3:2: 1.