CN111990151B - Grafting breeding method of Hetian roses - Google Patents
Grafting breeding method of Hetian roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990151B CN111990151B CN202010969120.8A CN202010969120A CN111990151B CN 111990151 B CN111990151 B CN 111990151B CN 202010969120 A CN202010969120 A CN 202010969120A CN 111990151 B CN111990151 B CN 111990151B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a grafting breeding method of rose in Hetian; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting rootstocks; secondly, seedling of the stocks; step three, preparing a seedbed; fourthly, cutting and raising seedlings; fifthly, grafting; sixthly, managing after grafting; and seventhly, transplanting after outplanting. The invention discloses that the purple branch rose is used as the stock for the first time, and the rose is grafted after cutting and seedling raising, and the contrast test proves that the drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and cold resistance of the rose are improved after grafting, the land utilization rate is improved, and the planting range is enlarged; meanwhile, the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the grafted and field rose flowers are improved to a great extent, the non-woven bag is adopted for cuttage, the management is convenient, the seedling lifting process can be omitted when the rose flowers are out of the nursery, the root system is protected, the production cost is greatly reduced, the transplanting is not limited by seasons, and the large-scale production can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a grafting breeding method of rose.
Background
The Hetian rose is a geographical marker product in Xinjiang Hotan area, is the only plateau rose growing in desert areas in China, and has the characteristics of drought resistance, strong disease resistance and the like. Influenced by the production place and the natural environment, the roses growing in the local area have good quality, large flowers and high oil yield, accord with the international fragrance type, and are remotely sown in the middle east Arabic area and even in European and American famous names; the tea has fragrant flower buds and long aftertaste; the edible petals are soft and glutinous, have strong fragrance, are rare excellent varieties for edible and oil, have large market gaps, and have high price in successive years.
The Hetian belongs to the extremely arid desert climate in the warm temperature zone. The rose wine has the advantages of abundant heat, large temperature difference between day and night, unique quality and flavor of the produced rose, greatly improved effective components, and unique Xinjiang variety. The Hetian rose is an original variety of Hetian region, and through thousands of years of evolution, the root system has long main roots and few fibrous roots, is influenced by rooting inhibition substances, is extremely difficult to root by cutting and layering in production, and is difficult to propagate in a large scale.
At present, the rose of the Hetian is mainly propagated by root division, when seedlings come out of the earth in spring, new seedlings are taken from roots to be planted, the quality and the size of the seedlings are uneven, the survival rate after planting is low, the labor and the time are wasted for digging the seedlings, the planting time is limited, the large-scale propagation and planting of the Hetian rose are seriously affected, and the healthy development of a processing industry chain is further restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a grafting breeding method of rose-of-yota, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems that the conventional rose-of-yota propagation is difficult in cuttage rooting, the survival rate of new seedlings taken from roots is low, time and labor are wasted, the planting time is limited, the large-scale propagation planting of rose-of-yota is seriously influenced, and the healthy development of a processing industrial chain is further restricted.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a grafting breeding method of Hetian roses is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a rootstock, namely selecting a semi-lignified branch of purple branch rose which is full and strong and has no diseases and insect pests in the middle 6 th of the month as a rootstock cutting;
secondly, stock seedling raising, namely cutting the stock cuttings into stock cutting seedlings with the length of 7cm to 9cm, cutting a lower cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a lower bud into a flat opening, cutting an upper cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a top full bud into an oblique opening, and reserving whole leaves of a leaf stalk at the top end;
thirdly, preparing a seedbed, leveling the soil in the greenhouse, paving the leveled soil into a sand bed with the width of 100cm to 120cm and the height of 4cm to 5cm by using water-washed sand, taking the turfy soil and the sand as matrixes, and filling the disinfected matrixes into non-woven fabric bags in order and tightly arranged on the sand bed, wherein the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the sand is 3:5 to 1: 1;
fourthly, cutting seedlings, namely punching holes with the depth of 7cm to 8cm in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven bag, putting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5g/L, dipping the roots to the depth of 2cm to 3cm, treating the roots for 8s to 10s, inserting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into the holes of the substrate after the root dipping treatment, compacting the lower parts, watering and culturing the seedlings;
fifthly, grafting, in 7 th of the month, selecting current-year and semi-lignified field rose branches as scions, cutting the field rose branches into scions with the length of 4cm to 5cm, wherein each scion section is provided with 1 to 2 full buds, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 2cm to 3cm at the lower part of the back of each scion bud, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm to 1.5cm at the upper part of the front of each scion bud, cutting off big spines on the cutting seedlings of the stocks, selecting the smooth side of the cutting seedlings of the stocks, clinging the stocks by a grafting knife, cutting the stocks in the vertical direction of the cross sections of the cutting seedlings, wherein the length of the cuts is 2cm to 3cm, then quickly inserting the lower parts of the scions into the cuts of the stocks, clinging the outer sides of the grafting scions by using cortex cut by the cutting seedlings, and binding the grafted parts and sealing the tops by using plastic films;
sixthly, managing after grafting, performing disinfection treatment after grafting, controlling water for 7 to 8 days, changing spray irrigation into a dropper after the nursery stock survives, and dripping water for 1 time in 7 to 10 days, 1 to 2 times in 9 to 10 months and 1 to 2 times per month;
seventhly, transplanting after outplanting in 11 middle-ten days, and planting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric cups and the matrix to a field during transplanting.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
in the first step, 20 to 30 rootstock cuttings are selected to form a bundle, and the roots of the rootstock cuttings are immersed in clear water before cutting seedling.
And in the third step, the substrate is disinfected by 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution, the disinfected substrate is placed for 2 to 3 days and then is put into a non-woven fabric bag, and the diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 9cm, and the height of the non-woven fabric bag is 11 cm.
And in the fourth step, after root dipping treatment, inserting the lower part of the stock cutting seedling into a hole of the matrix, compacting, watering, spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection, spraying disinfection once every 7 to 10 days, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 18 to 28 ℃ and the humidity at 80 to 85 percent during seedling raising, spraying water once every 15min in the daytime and 8 to 10s each time, spraying water once every 30min at night and 10 to 15s each time, and spraying water thoroughly for the stock cutting seedling 2 to 3 days before grafting.
And in the fifth step, watering the rose cutting garden 2-3 days before grafting, bundling 20-30 scions before grafting, and immersing the root of the scion in clear water.
In the sixth step, the rootstock after grafting needs to be erased in time when sprouting buds are germinated, and bud picking and tillering are carried out for 1 to 2 times; timely removing weeds in the seedbed and the non-woven cloth bag; after 30 to 40 days after grafting, removing the plastic film bandage bound at the grafting position after the joint is completely healed; cutting for 1 time in 9 months of the current grafting year, and cutting 1/4 at the tip of the branch.
The invention discloses that the purple branch rose is used as the stock for the first time, and the rose is grafted after cutting and seedling raising, and the contrast test proves that the drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and cold resistance of the rose are improved after grafting, the land utilization rate is improved, and the planting range is enlarged; meanwhile, the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the grafted and field rose flowers are improved to a great extent, the non-woven bag is adopted for cuttage, the management is convenient, the seedling lifting process can be omitted when the rose flowers are out of the nursery, the root system is protected, the production cost is greatly reduced, the transplanting is not limited by seasons, and the large-scale production can be realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. The various chemical reagents and chemical articles mentioned in the invention are all the chemical reagents and chemical articles which are well known and commonly used in the prior art, unless otherwise specified; the percentages in the present invention are volume percentages unless otherwise specified; the solution in the present invention is an aqueous solution of water as a solvent, for example, a hydrochloric acid solution is an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1, the grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a rootstock, namely selecting a semi-lignified branch of purple branch rose which is full and strong and has no diseases and insect pests in the middle 6 th of the month as a rootstock cutting;
secondly, stock seedling raising, namely cutting the stock cuttings into stock cutting seedlings with the length of 7cm to 9cm, cutting a lower cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a lower bud into a flat opening, cutting an upper cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a top full bud into an oblique opening, and reserving whole leaves of a leaf stalk at the top end;
thirdly, preparing a seedbed, leveling the soil in the greenhouse, paving the leveled soil into a sand bed with the width of 100cm to 120cm and the height of 4cm to 5cm by using water-washed sand, taking the turfy soil and the sand as matrixes, and filling the disinfected matrixes into non-woven fabric bags in order and tightly arranged on the sand bed, wherein the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the sand is 3:5 to 1: 1;
fourthly, cutting seedlings, namely punching holes with the depth of 7cm to 8cm in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven bag, putting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5g/L, dipping the roots to the depth of 2cm to 3cm, treating the roots for 8s to 10s, inserting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into the holes of the substrate after the root dipping treatment, compacting the lower parts, watering and culturing the seedlings;
fifthly, grafting, in 7 th of the month, selecting current-year and semi-lignified field rose branches as scions, cutting the field rose branches into scions with the length of 4cm to 5cm, wherein each scion section is provided with 1 to 2 full buds, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 2cm to 3cm at the lower part of the back of each scion bud, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm to 1.5cm at the upper part of the front of each scion bud, cutting off big spines on the cutting seedlings of the stocks, selecting the smooth side of the cutting seedlings of the stocks, clinging the stocks by a grafting knife, cutting the stocks in the vertical direction of the cross sections of the cutting seedlings, wherein the length of the cuts is 2cm to 3cm, then quickly inserting the lower parts of the scions into the cuts of the stocks, clinging the outer sides of the grafting scions by using cortex cut by the cutting seedlings, and binding the grafted parts and sealing the tops by using plastic films;
sixthly, managing after grafting, performing disinfection treatment after grafting, controlling water for 7 to 8 days, changing spray irrigation into a dropper after the nursery stock survives, and dripping water for 1 time in 7 to 10 days, 1 to 2 times in 9 to 10 months and 1 to 2 times per month;
seventhly, transplanting after outplanting in 11 middle-ten days, and planting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric cups and the matrix to a field during transplanting.
In example 1, before cuttage, a hole can be punched in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven fabric bag by using a small stick, so that the phenomenon that the phloem of the cutting seedling of the stock is separated from the xylem or damaged during cuttage and the lower end of the cutting seedling of the stock is rotten before rooting is avoided; when grafting, if the thickness difference between the stock cutting seedling and the scion is large, aligning cambium on one side; in order to prevent and treat aphid and insect pest, the pesticide liquid ratio of the spray-on spray-off is 1: 1000 times; the grafting survival rate can reach more than 98 percent, is 30 to 40 percent higher than that of the rootstocks made of the varieties such as plump flowers, thornless dog roses and the like, has stronger later-stage affinity than that of other varieties, and improves the survival rate, the yield and the quality to a greater extent; meanwhile, the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the grafted and field-mixed rose are greatly improved compared with the prior art, the survival rate is averagely improved by 27 percent, the soluble solid is averagely improved by 39.3 percent, the total sugar is averagely increased by 72.7 percent, the vitamin C is averagely increased by 57.9 percent, the ash content is averagely increased by 20.6 percent, and the yield is improved by 50 to 55 kilograms per mu. Compared with the prior art, the saline-alkali tolerance of the grafted seedling is obviously improved, and particularly in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the grafted seedling has excellent growth performance in places where the root tiller seedling grows badly and can not normally bloom and bear fruits.
Example 2, as an optimization of the above example, in the first step, 20 to 30 rootstock cuttings are selected as a bundle, and the roots of the rootstock cuttings are immersed in clear water before cutting and seedling raising.
Example 3, as an optimization of the above example, in the third step, the substrate was sterilized with 1000 times potassium permanganate solution, and the sterilized substrate was placed for 2 to 3 days and then put into a non-woven fabric bag having a diameter of 9cm and a height of 11 cm.
Example 4, as an optimization of the above example, in the fourth step, after dipping the roots, inserting the lower part of the rootstock cutting seedling into the hole of the matrix, compacting, watering, then spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection, spraying every 7 to 10 days for disinfection, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 18 to 28 ℃ and the humidity at 80 to 85% during seedling raising, spraying water every 15min in the daytime for 8 to 10s, spraying water every 30min at night for 10 to 15s, and spraying water for the rootstock cutting seedling 2 to 3 days before grafting.
Example 5, as an optimization of the above example, in the fifth step, 2 to 3 days before grafting and a field rose cutting garden were watered thoroughly, 20 to 30 scions were bundled before grafting, and the root of the scion was immersed in clear water.
Example 6, as an optimization of the above example, in the sixth step, the rootstock after grafting needs to be erased in time when sprouting buds, and the bud picking and tillering are performed 1 to 2 times; timely removing weeds in the seedbed and the non-woven cloth bag; after 30 to 40 days after grafting, removing the plastic film bandage bound at the grafting position after the joint is completely healed; cutting for 1 time in 9 months of the current grafting year, and cutting 1/4 at the tip of the branch.
Example 7, the grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a rootstock, wherein in 18 days after 6 months, a half-lignified branch of purple rose which is full and strong and has no diseases and insect pests in one year is selected as a rootstock cutting;
secondly, stock seedling raising, namely cutting the stock cuttings into stock cutting seedlings with the length of 9cm, cutting a lower cut 1cm away from lower buds into a plain end, cutting an upper cut 1cm away from top plump buds into an oblique end, and reserving and taking the whole leaf of the petiole at the top end;
thirdly, preparing a seedbed, leveling the soil in the greenhouse, paving the leveled soil into a sand bed with the width of 120cm and the height of 4cm by washing the sand with water, taking turfy soil and sand as matrixes, wherein the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the sand is 1:1, and the matrixes are sterilized, filled into non-woven fabric bags and arranged on the sand bed in order and tightly;
fourthly, cutting seedlings, namely punching holes with the depth of 8cm in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven bag, putting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5g/L, dipping the roots to the depth of 2cm, treating the root dipping for 8s, inserting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into the holes of the substrate after the root dipping treatment, compacting the lower parts, watering and carrying out seedling culture;
fifthly, grafting, wherein 7 months and 15 days, the current-year semi-lignified branch of the field rose is selected as a scion, the branch of the field rose is firstly cut into a scion with the length of 5cm, each section of the scion is provided with 1 full bud, a slope with the length of 2cm is cut at the lower part of the back of the scion bud, a slope with the length of 1cm is cut at the upper part of the front of the scion bud, the big thorn on the cutting seedling of the stock is cut off, one smooth side of the cutting seedling of the stock is selected, the cutting seedling is tightly attached to the stock by a grafting knife, the cutting is cut in the vertical direction of the cross section of the cutting seedling of the stock with the length of 2cm, then the lower part of the scion is quickly inserted into the cut of the stock, the cut cortex of the cutting seedling of the stock is used for covering the outside of the scion, and the grafted part is bound and sealed by a plastic film;
sixthly, managing after grafting, sterilizing after grafting, controlling water for 7 days, changing spray irrigation into a dropper after the nursery stock survives, and dripping water for 1 time in 10 days, 1 time in 9-10 months and 1 time in each month;
seventhly, transplanting after outplanting in 11 months and 13 days, and planting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric cups and the matrix to a field in a newly reclaimed desert area in the rural area of Torrax, Ohio, with the pH of the soil being 8.7.
According to the grafting breeding method of the field roses and the embodiment 7, the root system of the stock cutting seedlings is developed, the number of the roots is up to 10, the number of the roots is 8 more than that of the seedlings which are propagated by following in the prior art, the sizes are uniform, the survival rate after field planting can reach 95%, and the transplanting survival rate is improved by 25% compared with that of the conventional root tillering seedlings; meanwhile, through three years of observation, the yield of the rose-in-field after cuttage grafting is improved by 50 kg/mu compared with that of the conventional branch-root transplanting and field rose, the petal quality is also improved, the soluble solid is 17 percent, the total sugar is 76g/kg, the vitamin C is 73.4mg/kg, and the ash content is 15.8g/kg through detection, while the soluble solid is 12.2 percent, the total sugar is 44g/kg, the vitamin C is 46.5mg/kg, and the ash content is 13.1g/kg through detection of the conventional branch-root transplanting and field rose, and the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the rose-in-field after cuttage grafting are greatly improved compared with those of the rose-in-field after the conventional branch-root transplanting through data comparison.
Example 8, the grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose is carried out according to the following steps: firstly, selecting a rootstock, namely selecting a semi-lignified branch of purple rose which is full and strong and has no diseases and insect pests in one year as a rootstock cutting in 13 days in 6 months;
secondly, stock seedling raising, namely cutting the stock cuttings into stock cutting seedlings with the length of 8cm, cutting a lower cut opening into a flat opening at a position 0.5cm away from a lower bud, cutting an upper cut opening into an inclined opening at a position 1cm away from a top full bud, and reserving a leaf stalk whole leaf at the top end;
thirdly, preparing a seedbed, leveling the soil in the greenhouse, paving the leveled soil into a sand bed with the width of 120cm and the height of 5cm by washing the sand with water, taking turfy soil and sand as matrixes, wherein the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the sand is 3:5, and the matrixes are sterilized, filled into non-woven fabric bags and arranged on the sand bed in order and tightly;
fourthly, cutting seedlings, namely punching a hole with the depth of 7cm in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven bag, putting the lower part of the stock cutting seedling into an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5g/L, dipping the root for 10s, inserting the lower part of the stock cutting seedling into the hole of the substrate after the root dipping treatment, compacting, watering and raising the seedlings;
fifthly, grafting, wherein 7 months and 15 days, the current-year semi-lignified branch of the field rose is selected as a scion, the branch of the field rose is firstly cut into a scion with the length of 4cm, each section of the scion is provided with 2 full buds, the lower part of the back surface of each scion bud is cut into a slope with the length of 3cm, the upper part of the front surface of each scion bud is cut into a slope with the length of 1cm, big spines on the cutting seedling of the stock are cut off, one smooth side of the cutting seedling of the stock is selected, the cutting seedling is tightly attached to the stock by using a grafting knife, a cut is cut in the vertical direction of the cross section of the cutting seedling of the stock and is 3cm long, then the lower part of the scion is quickly inserted into the cut of the stock, the cut cortex of the cutting seedling of the stock is used for covering the outside of the scion, and the grafted part is bound and sealed by using a plastic film;
sixthly, managing after grafting, sterilizing after grafting, controlling water for 8 days, changing spray irrigation into a dropper after the nursery stock survives, and dripping water for 1 time in 7 days, 2 times in 9-10 months and 2 times in each month;
seventhly, transplanting after the seedlings leave the nursery in the day of 11 months and 16 days, and planting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric cups and the matrix to a Honda-Hua-Xiang field in the county, wherein the pH value of the soil is 8.0.
According to the grafting breeding method of the field roses and the embodiment 8, the root system of the stock cutting seedling is developed, the root number reaches 15, the root number is 12 more than that of the seedling bred by following in the prior art, the size is uniform, the survival rate after field planting can reach 98%, and the transplanting survival rate is improved by 30% compared with that of the conventional root tillering seedling; meanwhile, through three years of observation, the yield of the rose-in-field after cuttage grafting is improved by 55 kg/mu compared with that of the conventional branch-root transplanting and field rose, the petal quality is also improved, the soluble solid content is 19%, the total sugar is 78g/kg, the vitamin C is 74.4mg/kg, and the ash content is 16.8g/kg through detection, while the soluble solid content is 12.2%, the total sugar is 44g/kg, the vitamin C is 46.5mg/kg, and the ash content is 13.1g/kg through detection of the conventional branch-root transplanting and field rose, and the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the rose-in-field after cuttage grafting are greatly improved compared with those of the rose-in-field after the conventional branch-root transplanting through data comparison.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the invention discloses that purple branch rose is used as a stock for the first time, and the rose is grafted and cultivated after cutting and seedling, and the contrast test proves that the drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and cold resistance of the rose are improved after grafting, the rose can normally grow in the saline-alkali soil environment of the rose with the pH value of 8.0 to 8.7, the land utilization rate is improved, and the planting range is enlarged; meanwhile, the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the grafted and field-mixed rose are improved to a greater extent than those of the prior art, the survival rate is improved by 27 percent on average, the soluble solids are improved by 39.3 percent on average, the total sugar is increased by 72.7 percent on average, the vitamin C is increased by 57.9 percent on average, the ash content is increased by 20.6 percent on average, and the yield is improved by 50 kg/mu to 55 kg/mu; (2) the lower part of the cutting seedling of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and the cutting is carried out after the top end surface of the substrate is punched, so that the contact surface between the wound surface at the lower part of the cutting seedling of the stock and the substrate can be reduced, the pollution and decay speed of the cutting seedling of the stock is greatly reduced, the cutting survival rate is improved, meanwhile, the cutting is carried out by adopting a non-woven bag, the management is convenient, the seedling lifting process can be saved when the cutting seedling is out of a nursery, the root system is protected, the labor is saved, and the production cost is greatly reduced; (3) the method has the advantages that the rootstock is subjected to twig cuttage in a non-woven fabric nutrition pot in the greenhouse, after rooting, the scion of the rose is grafted to the purple-branch rose by adopting a wood bud grafting mode, the time for cultivating the rootstock is short, only 3 months to 4 months are needed, the cultivation period is shortened by 3 months compared with that of hard-branch cuttage grafting, and the cultivation period is shortened; the grafting survival rate is high and can reach more than 98 percent; the grafted seedlings have good quality and uniform size, the developed root systems are 10 to 12 more than the root systems of root division propagation, and the seedlings are transplanted to a field with a non-woven bag without bag removal, so that the time and labor are saved, the root system damage is reduced, the transplanting survival rate is improved, and the average survival rate is improved by 27 percent compared with the transplanting of the tillering seedlings; can be produced in large scale, and the transplanting is not limited by seasons.
In conclusion, the invention discloses that the purple branch rose is used as the stock for the first time, and the rose is grafted after cutting and seedling raising, and the contrast test proves that the drought resistance, saline alkali resistance and cold resistance of the rose are improved after grafting, the land utilization rate is improved, and the planting range is expanded; meanwhile, the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the grafted and field rose flowers are improved to a great extent, the non-woven bag is adopted for cuttage, the management is convenient, the seedling lifting process can be omitted when the rose flowers are out of the nursery, the root system is protected, the production cost is greatly reduced, the transplanting is not limited by seasons, and the large-scale production can be realized.
The technical characteristics form an embodiment of the invention, which has strong adaptability and implementation effect, and unnecessary technical characteristics can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. A grafting breeding method of Hetian roses is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, selecting a rootstock, namely selecting a semi-lignified branch of purple branch rose which is full and strong and has no diseases and insect pests in the middle 6 th of the month as a rootstock cutting;
secondly, stock seedling raising, namely cutting the stock cuttings into stock cutting seedlings with the length of 7cm to 9cm, cutting a lower cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a lower bud into a flat opening, cutting an upper cut opening at a position 0.5cm to 1cm away from a top full bud into an oblique opening, and reserving whole leaves of a leaf stalk at the top end;
thirdly, preparing a seedbed, leveling the soil in the greenhouse, paving the leveled soil into a sand bed with the width of 100cm to 120cm and the height of 4cm to 5cm by using water-washed sand, taking the turfy soil and the sand as matrixes, and filling the disinfected matrixes into non-woven fabric bags in order and tightly arranged on the sand bed, wherein the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the sand is 3:5 to 1: 1;
fourthly, cutting seedlings, namely punching holes with the depth of 7cm to 8cm in the middle of the top end face of the substrate of each non-woven bag, putting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5g/L, dipping the roots to the depth of 2cm to 3cm, treating the roots for 8s to 10s, inserting the lower parts of the stock cutting seedlings into the holes of the substrate after the root dipping treatment, compacting the lower parts, watering and culturing the seedlings;
fifthly, grafting, in 7 th of the month, selecting current-year and semi-lignified field rose branches as scions, cutting the field rose branches into scions with the length of 4cm to 5cm, wherein each scion section is provided with 1 to 2 full buds, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 2cm to 3cm at the lower part of the back of each scion bud, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm to 1.5cm at the upper part of the front of each scion bud, cutting off big spines on the cutting seedlings of the stocks, selecting the smooth side of the cutting seedlings of the stocks, clinging the stocks by using a grafting knife, cutting the stocks in the vertical direction of the cross sections of the cutting seedlings, wherein the cutting lengths are 2cm to 3cm, rapidly inserting the lower parts of the scions into the cuts of the stocks, clinging the outer sides of the stocks by using cortex cut by the cutting seedlings, binding the grafted parts and sealing the tops by using plastic films;
sixthly, managing after grafting, performing disinfection treatment after grafting, controlling water for 7 to 8 days, changing spray irrigation into drip irrigation after the nursery stock survives, wherein the drip irrigation time is 7 to 10 days for 1 time, 9 to 10 months, and 1 to 2 times per month;
seventhly, transplanting after outplanting in 11 middle-month ten days, and planting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric bag and the matrix to a field during transplanting.
2. The grafting propagation method of the Hetian rose according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, 20 to 30 rootstock cuttings are selected as a bundle, and the roots of the rootstock cuttings are immersed in clear water before cutting seedling.
3. The grafting propagation method of Hotan roses according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the third step, the substrate is sterilized by 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution, the sterilized substrate is placed for 2 days to 3 days and then is put into a non-woven fabric bag, and the diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 9cm, and the height of the non-woven fabric bag is 11 cm.
4. The grafting propagation method of the Hetian rose according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the fourth step, the lower part of the stock cutting seedling is inserted into the hole of the matrix after root dipping treatment, watering is carried out, then the disinfecting is carried out by spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution, then the disinfecting is carried out every 7 to 10 days, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 18 to 28 ℃ during seedling raising, the humidity is controlled to be 80 to 85 percent, the water is sprayed every 15min in the daytime for 8 to 10s every time, the water is sprayed every 30min at night for 10 to 15s every time, and the water is sprayed on the stock cutting seedling 2 to 3 days before grafting.
5. The grafting propagation method of the Hetian rose according to claim 3, characterized in that in the fourth step, the lower part of the stock cutting seedling is inserted into the hole of the matrix after the root dipping treatment, the matrix is compacted and watered, then the disinfecting is sprayed with 800 times of carbendazim solution, the disinfecting is sprayed every 7 to 10 days, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 18 to 28 ℃ during the seedling raising period, the humidity is controlled to be 80 to 85 percent, the water is sprayed every 15min in the daytime for 8 to 10s every time, the water is sprayed every 30min at night for 10 to 15s every time, and the stock cutting seedling is thoroughly watered 2 to 3 days before the grafting.
6. The grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the five steps, the Hetian rose cutting garden is watered thoroughly 2 to 3 days before grafting, 20 to 30 scions are bundled before grafting, and the root of the scion is immersed in clear water.
7. The grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose according to claim 3, wherein in the five steps, the Hetian rose cutting garden is watered 2 to 3 days before grafting, 20 to 30 scions are bundled before grafting, and the root of the scion is immersed in clear water.
8. The grafting breeding method of the Hetian rose according to claim 5, wherein in the five steps, the Hetian rose cutting garden is watered thoroughly 2 to 3 days before grafting, 20 to 30 scions are bundled before grafting, and the root of the scion is immersed in clear water.
9. The grafting propagation method of the Hetian rose according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the sixth step, the rootstock after grafting needs to be erased in time when sprouting buds of the rootstock, and the shoots are removed for 1 to 2 times; timely removing weeds in the seedbed and the non-woven cloth bag; after 30 to 40 days after grafting, removing the plastic film bandage bound at the grafting position after the joint is completely healed; cutting for 1 time in 9 months of the current grafting year, and cutting 1/4 at the tip of the branch.
10. The grafting propagation method of the Hetian rose according to claim 8, wherein in the sixth step, when the rootstock sprouts after grafting, the rootstock needs to be erased in time, and the bud picking and tillering are carried out for 1 to 2 times; timely removing weeds in the seedbed and the non-woven cloth bag; after 30 to 40 days after grafting, removing the plastic film bandage bound at the grafting position after the joint is completely healed; cutting for 1 time in 9 months of the current grafting year, and cutting 1/4 at the tip of the branch.
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