CN108967019B - Efficient cutting propagation method for plum and apricot stocks - Google Patents
Efficient cutting propagation method for plum and apricot stocks Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001631271 Prunus fasciculata Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010022971 Iron Deficiencies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency cutting propagation method of plum and apricot stocks, which comprises the following steps: s1, management of the branch and the mother tree; s2, cutting period; s3, collecting and trimming cutting slips; s4, processing the cutting slips; s5, cutting the seedbed; s6, managing after insertion; s7, hardening and transplanting seedlings. The invention has the beneficial effects that: short seedling culture period, stable hereditary character, simple technical equipment, high propagation coefficient and low required cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency cutting propagation method of plum and apricot stocks.
Background
The economic life of the plum trees and the apricot trees is generally 15-20 years, and the economic life is relatively short compared with other fruit trees. Since the innovation and the promotion, the production of plum and apricot in China has undergone stable and rapid development for many years, and in many areas, the plum and apricot industry has become a main economic support for rural industrial structure adjustment and farmer income increase. The plum and apricot stocks in China always adopt the seedling wild peaches, wild peaches and the like, and the stocks have poor resistance. In order to keep the superiority of the industry under the condition of limited land, the current trend of old orchard reconstruction and old variety updating is frequent, and the problems of replanting obstacle and the like in production are increasingly highlighted. Meanwhile, in many alkaline soils in the south, the phenomenon of iron deficiency and yellowing of plum and apricot trees taking wild peaches as rootstocks is very common, and the growth, yield and quality of tree bodies are seriously influenced. A standardized stock breeding system is established, a large number of resistant stocks are cultivated, and the problem which needs to be solved urgently in production is solved.
The GF677 rootstock is prepared by hybridization and breeding of French INRA (institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) in the 60 th generation of 20 th century, has developed root system, strong growth vigor, high and large crown, strong grafting affinity with plum and apricot varieties, and has excellent characteristics of calcium-alkaline soil iron deficiency yellowing resistance, continuous cropping resistance, drought resistance and the like. GF677 retains its resistance only by vegetative propagation, which includes tissue and cutting cultures. France, Italy, Spain, Turkish and other countries use a large amount of GF677 for production by tissue culture rapid propagation, and according to the introduction of Dr. Giuliano Dradi in Italy, VivaiBattistini is only in 2004-2007, and more than 200 thousands of GF677 peach stocks are cultured and rapidly propagated every year. Although the tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of GF677 is mature abroad, the culture medium formula for propagation and rooting and the operation procedure for transplantation are rarely reported in words due to commercial reasons. At present, no relatively mature tissue culture rapid propagation technology is used for the large-scale production of the rootstock in China.
Cutting is a propagation method for cutting organs such as leaves, branches or roots of plants, commonly called leaf cutting, branch cutting and root cutting, and inserting the organs into a matrix to promote the plants to take roots, attach buds, shoot and grow into complete plants. In the cutting process, various influence factors need to be comprehensively considered, and internal and external factors which possibly influence cutting rooting are analyzed. The internal factors influencing the cutting rooting include tree species and varieties, the nutrition condition of cutting slips, endogenous hormone level, enzyme activity and the like, and the external factors include the species and concentration of a rooting agent, a cutting substrate, a cutting period, temperature, humidity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the efficient cutting propagation method of the plum and apricot rootstocks, which has the advantages of short seedling culture period, stable genetic character, simple technical equipment, high propagation coefficient and low required cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency cutting propagation method for plum and apricot stocks comprises the following steps:
s1, management of the branch-taking mother tree, which comprises the following steps:
s11, applying 48-50 g of boron fertilizer with pure boron content of 19-20% to each root 10 days after the flowers are withered from the current year on the branches;
s12, applying 190-200 g of potassium sulfate with the concentration of 48-50% to each plant root when the fruit sclerotization period begins;
s13, after spring shoots stop growing, spraying 0.18-0.2% of borax and 0.28-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate on the leaves for three times, and spraying at intervals of 15 days;
s2, cutting period: the method is carried out in 9-10 months in autumn and at the average daily temperature of 18-22 ℃;
s3, collecting and trimming cutting slips, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, collecting annual semi-lignified branches with plump buds at the periphery of the middle upper part of a crown from robust growing seedling trees without diseases and insect pests, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.0 cm;
s32, cutting off the tops and the bases of the branches, reserving the middle upper parts of the branches as cutting slips, then cutting the cutting slips into short branches with the length of 16-20 cm, reserving 3-5 plump buds on each cutting slip, removing the leaves with the lower parts of 5-8 cm, reserving the leaves with the upper parts of 3-5 cm, carrying out flat cutting at the position 1-1.2 cm away from the buds at the upper ends, and cutting the lower ends of the leaves into inclined planes;
s33, soaking the base part of the cutting in water, covering the upper part of the cutting with a sunshade net, and placing the cutting in a shade place for later use;
s4, the processing of the cutting slips specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, soaking 3cm of the base part of the cutting into 500 mg/L ABT-3 rooting powder for 50-60S;
s42, taking out, standing for 9-10 min, and then soaking in a mixed solution of 0.035-0.04 mg/L GGR-6 and 0.1% potassium oxide for 3-4 h;
s5, cutting the seedbed, which comprises the following steps:
s51, manufacturing the slotting machine with the specification of 1.3 m long by 8 m wide, wherein the thickness of the slotting machine matrix is 25cm, and river sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottom of the slotting machine;
s52, paving a geothermal wire with the power of 1200 kW and the voltage of 220 v on the river sand, and paving a cuttage matrix formed by mixing 50% of perlite, 10% of peat soil and 40% of sand on the geothermal wire to ensure that the thickness of the cuttage matrix is 15 cm; paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the cuttage substrate;
s53, loosening the cutting matrix, and disinfecting the cutting bed by using 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% carbendazim 600-fold liquid;
s54, after treatment, punching a hole on the cutting bed by using a wood stick, inserting a cutting matrix into the base part of the cutting stick by 3cm, then compacting the base part and the cutting matrix, and watering the cutting bed thoroughly after cutting;
s6, management after insertion, specifically comprising the following steps:
s61, building a plastic arched shed with the height of 1.3-1.5 m on the cutting bed, and keeping the surface temperature of the cutting bed at 22-25 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of a geotherm line;
s62, spraying according to weather conditions to enable the relative humidity of air to be not lower than 75% and ensure that the humidity of the substrate is not higher than 60%;
s63, spraying a bactericide once every 7-10 days, wherein the bactericide adopts 80% of mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and 70% of thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid, and the mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and the thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid are alternately used;
s7, hardening and transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s71, gradually uncovering the shade and partial shed film when the cutting rooting and the next year open field soil temperature reaches above 5 ℃;
and S72, ensuring that the illumination time is prolonged by 1-1.1 h every day until the illumination time is equivalent to the outside daytime, reducing the number of times of fog dispersal every 3 days, spraying 0.3% of urea every 10-15 days after rooting, irrigating 50 mg/L IBA solution once every 20 days at the root part, hardening seedlings for 7-10 days, and transplanting in a field to finally realize the cutting propagation of the plum and apricot stocks.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the operation is simple, and the cost is saved.
The instrument and equipment used in the invention are very simple, the main equipment is an electric heating seedbed, the used related reagents are chemical reagents, pesticides, chemical fertilizers and the like which are commonly used in production, basically, the method can be implemented by farmers, the cost is low, the required labor force is low, and the operability is strong.
2. Strong rooting power and high survival rate.
The whole technical system from the management of the picked mother trees to the hardening-off and transplanting comprises the whole technical system, the branch source and the environment after the cuttage are strictly controlled, the internal factors (including variety, nutrition condition of the cutting, endogenous hormone level, enzyme activity and the like) and the external factors (including the variety and concentration of a rooting agent, a cuttage substrate, a cuttage period, temperature, humidity and the like) which influence the cuttage rooting are comprehensively considered, the experimental investigation shows that the 90-scale average rooting rate after the cuttage reaches 70.5%, the average rooting number is 8.0, and the average root length reaches 3.02 cm. Therefore, the technical obstacles that the asexual propagation of GF677 is difficult due to the limitation of variety characteristics, the tissue culture is not easy to succeed, and the root is not easy to grow in the cutting propagation or the root is easy to rot after the root grows are overcome.
3. The seedlings are strong and have obvious effect.
After one year observation, the seedlings survived by cuttage have excellent growth vigor, the height, thickness and aging degree of the seedlings reach the standard of high-quality strong seedlings, and the effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following:
a high-efficiency cutting propagation method for plum and apricot stocks comprises the following steps:
s1, management of the branch-taking mother tree, which comprises the following steps:
s11, applying 48-50 g of boron fertilizer with pure boron content of 19-20% to each root 10 days after the flowers are withered from the current year on the branches;
s12, applying 190-200 g of potassium sulfate with the concentration of 48-50% to each plant root when the fruit sclerotization period begins;
s13, after spring shoots stop growing, spraying 0.18-0.2% of borax and 0.28-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate on the leaves for three times, and spraying at intervals of 15 days;
s2, cutting period: the method is carried out in 9-10 months in autumn and at the average daily temperature of 18-22 ℃;
s3, collecting and trimming cutting slips, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, collecting annual semi-lignified branches with plump buds at the periphery of the middle upper part of a crown from robust growing seedling trees without diseases and insect pests, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.0 cm;
s32, cutting off the tops and the bases of the branches, reserving the middle upper parts of the branches as cutting slips, then cutting the cutting slips into short branches with the length of 16-20 cm, reserving 3-5 plump buds on each cutting slip, removing the leaves with the lower parts of 5-8 cm, reserving the leaves with the upper parts of 3-5 cm, carrying out flat cutting at the position 1-1.2 cm away from the buds at the upper ends, and cutting the lower ends of the leaves into inclined planes;
s33, soaking the base part of the cutting in water, covering the upper part of the cutting with a sunshade net, and placing the cutting in a shade place for later use;
s4, the processing of the cutting slips specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, soaking 3cm of the base part of the cutting into 500 mg/L ABT-3 rooting powder for 50-60S;
s42, taking out, standing for 9-10 min, and then soaking in a mixed solution of 0.035-0.04 mg/L GGR-6 and 0.1% potassium oxide for 3-4 h;
s5, cutting the seedbed, which comprises the following steps:
s51, manufacturing the slotting machine with the specification of 1.3 m long by 8 m wide, wherein the thickness of the slotting machine matrix is 25cm, and river sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottom of the slotting machine;
s52, paving a geothermal wire with the power of 1200 kW and the voltage of 220 v on the river sand, and paving a cuttage matrix formed by mixing 50% of perlite, 10% of peat soil and 40% of sand on the geothermal wire to ensure that the thickness of the cuttage matrix is 15 cm; paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the cuttage substrate;
s53, loosening the cutting matrix, and disinfecting the cutting bed by using 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% carbendazim 600-fold liquid;
s54, after treatment, punching a hole on the cutting bed by using a wood stick, inserting a cutting matrix into the base part of the cutting stick by 3cm, then compacting the base part and the cutting matrix, and watering the cutting bed thoroughly after cutting;
s6, management after insertion, specifically comprising the following steps:
s61, building a plastic arched shed with the height of 1.3-1.5 m on the cutting bed, and keeping the surface temperature of the cutting bed at 22-25 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of a geotherm line;
s62, spraying according to weather conditions to enable the relative humidity of air to be not lower than 75% and ensure that the humidity of the substrate is not higher than 60%;
s63, spraying a bactericide once every 7-10 days, wherein the bactericide adopts 80% of mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and 70% of thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid, and the mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and the thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid are alternately used;
s7, hardening and transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s71, gradually uncovering the shade and partial shed film when the cutting rooting and the next year open field soil temperature reaches above 5 ℃;
and S72, ensuring that the illumination time is prolonged by 1-1.1 h every day until the illumination time is equivalent to the outside daytime, reducing the number of times of fog dispersal every 3 days, spraying 0.3% of urea every 10-15 days after rooting, irrigating 50 mg/L IBA solution once every 20 days at the root part, hardening seedlings for 7-10 days, and transplanting in a field to finally realize the cutting propagation of the plum and apricot stocks.
The first implementation example is as follows:
50g of boric fertilizer with 20 percent of pure boron content is applied to GF677 roots in late 3 months in the Chengdu region of 2016, 200g of potassium sulfate with 50 percent is applied to roots in late 5 months, 0.2 percent of borax and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed to leaves in late 6 months three times at intervals of 15 days.
Collecting current-year semi-lignified branches with full peripheral buds at the middle upper part of a crown from a robust growing seedling tree without diseases and insect pests in late 9 months, wherein the semi-lignified branches have the thickness of 1.0cm, the tops and the bases of the branches are cut off, the middle upper part is kept as cutting ears, the cutting ears are cut into short branches with the length of 16cm, 3-5 full buds are kept on each cutting ear, 5-8 cm blades at the lower part are removed, 3-5 cm blades at the upper part are kept, the cutting ears are horizontally cut at the position 1-1.2 cm away from an upper end bud, and the lower ends of the cutting ears are cut into inclined planes. The base of the cutting is soaked in water, the upper part is covered by a sunshade net, and the cutting is placed in a shade for standby. Before cuttage, soaking 3cm of the base of a cutting in 500 mg/L ABT-3 rooting powder for 50s, taking out and standing for 10 minutes, and then soaking in a mixed solution of 0.035-0.04 mg/L GGR-6 and 0.1% potassium oxide for 3 h.
The cutting bed is 1.3 m long by 8 m wide, the thickness of the cutting bed substrate is 25cm, river sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottom of the bed, a geothermic line with the power of 1200 kW and the voltage of 220 v is paved on the ground heat line, the cutting substrate formed by mixing 50% of perlite, 10% of peat soil and 40% of sand is paved on the geothermic line, the thickness of the cutting bed substrate is ensured to be 15cm, and a layer of perlite with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is paved on the cutting substrate. Before cutting, the matrix is planed to be loose, and the cutting bed is disinfected by 0.4 percent of potassium permanganate and 50 percent of carbendazim 600 times liquid. Punching a hole on a cutting bed by using a wood stick before cutting, inserting a matrix into the base part of the cutting strip by 3cm, compacting the base part and the matrix, and watering the cutting bed thoroughly after cutting.
A plastic arched shed with the height of 1.5 m is built on the cutting bed, the surface temperature of the cutting bed is kept at 25 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of a geotherm line, and spraying is carried out according to the weather condition, so that the relative humidity of air is not lower than 75%, and the humidity of a matrix is not higher than 60%. Spraying the bactericide once every 8 days, and alternately using 80% of mancozeb 1000 times liquid and 70% of thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid. In spring of the next year, the illumination time is prolonged by 1h every day until the illumination time is equivalent to the outside daytime, the fog-lost times are reduced every 3 days, the air humidity is reduced to be equivalent to the outside, 0.3 percent urea is sprayed every 15 days after rooting, 50 mg/L IBA solution is filled into the roots every 20 days, the film can be lifted when the soil temperature reaches more than 7 ℃, and the seedlings are acclimated for 10 days and then transplanted.
Investigation is carried out 15 days after transplanting, the rooting rate is up to 75.2%, the average number of roots is 9.0, and the average root length is up to 3.82 cm.
Example two was performed:
50g of boric fertilizer with pure boron content of 20 percent is applied to each GF677 root in late 3 months in the Meishan area of 2017, 200g of potassium sulfate with pure boron content of 50 percent is applied to each root in early 5 months, 0.2 percent of borax and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed to leaves in the early 6 months three times at intervals of 15 days.
Collecting current-year semi-lignified branches with full peripheral buds at the middle upper part of a crown from a robust growing seedling tree without diseases and insect pests in late ten days, wherein the thickness of the branches is 1.0cm, cutting off the tops and bases of the branches, leaving the middle upper part as cutting ears, cutting into short branches with the length of 16cm, leaving 3-5 full buds on each cutting ear, removing leaves with the lower part of 5-8 cm, leaving leaves with the upper part of 3-5 cm, flat cutting at the position 1-1.2 cm away from an upper end bud, and cutting the lower end into an inclined plane. The base of the cutting is soaked in water, the upper part is covered by a sunshade net, and the cutting is placed in a shade for standby. Before cuttage, soaking 3cm of the base of a cutting in 500 mg/L ABT-3 rooting powder for 50s, taking out and standing for 10 minutes, and then soaking in a mixed solution of 0.035-0.04 mg/L GGR-6 and 0.1% potassium oxide for 3 h.
The cutting bed is 1.3 m long by 8 m wide, the thickness of a cutting bed substrate is ensured to be 25cm, river sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottom of the bed, a geothermal wire with the power of 1200 kW and the voltage of 220 v is paved on the river sand, a cutting substrate formed by mixing 50% of perlite, 10% of peat soil and 40% of sand is paved on the geothermal wire, the thickness of the cutting substrate is ensured to be 15cm, and a layer of perlite with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is paved on the cutting substrate. Before cutting, the matrix is planed to be loose, and the cutting bed is disinfected by 0.4 percent of potassium permanganate and 50 percent of carbendazim 600 times liquid. Punching a hole on a cutting bed by using a wood stick before cutting, inserting a matrix into the base part of the cutting strip by 3cm, compacting the base part and the matrix, and watering the cutting bed thoroughly after cutting.
A plastic arched shed with the height of 1.5 m is built on the cutting bed, the surface temperature of the cutting bed is kept at 25 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of a geotherm line, and spraying is carried out according to the weather condition, so that the relative humidity of air is not lower than 75%, and the humidity of a matrix is not higher than 60%. Spraying the bactericide once every 8 days, and alternately using 80% of mancozeb 1000 times liquid and 70% of thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid.
In spring of the next year, the illumination time is prolonged by 1h every day until the illumination time is equivalent to the outside daytime, the fog-lost times are reduced every 3 days, the air humidity is reduced to be equivalent to the outside, 0.3 percent urea is sprayed every 15 days after rooting, 50 mg/L IBA solution is filled into the roots every 20 days, the film can be lifted when the soil temperature reaches more than 7 ℃, and the seedlings are acclimated for 10 days and then transplanted.
And investigating in 10 months, wherein the cuttage survival rate is 75%, the average thickness of the cuttage seedlings is 2.5-3 cm, the average height of the cuttage seedlings is 100-120 cm, and the cuttage seedlings grow robustly.
Claims (1)
1. A high-efficiency cutting propagation method of plum and apricot stocks is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, management of the branch-taking mother tree, which comprises the following steps:
s11, applying 48-50 g of boron fertilizer with pure boron content of 19-20% to each root 10 days after the flowers are withered from the current year on the branches;
s12, applying 190-200 g of potassium sulfate with the concentration of 48-50% to each plant root when the fruit sclerotization period begins;
s13, after spring shoots stop growing, spraying 0.18-0.2% of borax and 0.28-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate on the leaves for three times, and spraying at intervals of 15 days;
s2, cutting period: the method is carried out in 9-10 months in autumn and at the average daily temperature of 18-22 ℃;
s3, collecting and trimming cutting slips, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, collecting annual semi-lignified branches with plump buds at the periphery of the middle upper part of a crown from robust growing seedling trees without diseases and insect pests, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.0 cm;
s32, cutting off the tops and the bases of the branches, reserving the middle upper parts of the branches as cutting slips, then cutting the cutting slips into short branches with the length of 16-20 cm, reserving 3-5 plump buds on each cutting slip, removing the leaves with the lower parts of 5-8 cm, reserving the leaves with the upper parts of 3-5 cm, carrying out flat cutting at the position 1-1.2 cm away from the buds at the upper ends, and cutting the lower ends of the leaves into inclined planes;
s33, soaking the base part of the cutting in water, covering the upper part of the cutting with a sunshade net, and placing the cutting in a shade place for later use;
s4, the processing of the cutting slips specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, soaking 3cm of the base part of the cutting into 500 mg/L ABT-3 rooting powder for 50-60S;
s42, taking out, standing for 9-10 min, and then soaking in a mixed solution of 0.035-0.04 mg/L GGR-6 and 0.1% potassium oxide for 3-4 h;
s5, cutting the seedbed, which comprises the following steps:
s51, manufacturing the slotting machine with the specification of 1.3 m long by 8 m wide, wherein the thickness of the slotting machine matrix is 25cm, and river sand with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved at the bottom of the slotting machine;
s52, paving a geothermal wire with the power of 1200 kW and the voltage of 220 v on the river sand, and paving a cuttage matrix formed by mixing 50% of perlite, 10% of peat soil and 40% of sand on the geothermal wire to ensure that the thickness of the cuttage matrix is 15 cm; paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the cuttage substrate;
s53, loosening the cutting matrix, and disinfecting the cutting bed by using 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% carbendazim 600-fold liquid;
s54, after treatment, punching a hole on the cutting bed by using a wood stick, inserting a cutting matrix into the base part of the cutting stick by 3cm, then compacting the base part and the cutting matrix, and watering the cutting bed thoroughly after cutting;
s6, management after insertion, specifically comprising the following steps:
s61, building a plastic arched shed with the height of 1.3-1.5 m on the cutting bed, and keeping the surface temperature of the cutting bed at 22-25 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of a geotherm line;
s62, spraying according to weather conditions to enable the relative humidity of air to be not lower than 75% and ensure that the humidity of the substrate is not higher than 60%;
s63, spraying a bactericide once every 7-10 days, wherein the bactericide adopts 80% of mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and 70% of thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid, and the mancozeb 1000-fold liquid and the thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid are alternately used;
s7, hardening and transplanting seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s71, gradually uncovering the shade and partial shed film when the cutting rooting and the next year open field soil temperature reaches above 5 ℃;
and S72, ensuring that the illumination time is prolonged by 1-1.1 h every day until the illumination time is equivalent to the outside daytime, reducing the number of times of fog dispersal every 3 days, spraying 0.3% of urea every 10-15 days after rooting, irrigating 50 mg/L IBA solution once every 20 days at the root part, hardening seedlings for 7-10 days, and transplanting in a field to finally realize the cutting propagation of the plum and apricot stocks.
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