CN108651024A - A kind of rubber tree crop field cuttage and seedling culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation, in particular to a method for raising seedlings by cuttings in the field of rubber trees, including the establishment of seedling beds, the types and disinfection of seedling raising substrates, preparation and treatment of cuttings, cuttings, post-insertion management, and transplanting in bags; using the present invention The provided cutting seedling raising method of rubber tree in the field, the cutting rooting rate is significantly improved, reaching an average of 80%, the root system of the cutting seedlings is well developed, the lateral roots are many and developed, the texture is hard, and the transplanting survival rate reaches 98%. The rubber tree cutting seedling raising method provided by the present invention , no manual watering is required after cutting, and no need to assist other equipment to do heating, shading and supplementary light treatment, so that the production cost is greatly reduced. .

Description

A kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation, in particular to a method for cultivating rubber tree seedlings by field cutting.

Background technique

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a perennial tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, and it is the main source of natural rubber because of its high yield, good quality and easy access to latex. At present, in the production of natural rubber, old budding clones are widely used as rubber planting materials because they can maintain a relatively high yield of mother tree trunk rubber, but they grow slowly, have short economic life, poor stress resistance, and small adaptability. To a certain extent, it restricts the development of natural rubber industry. In addition, the growth, stress resistance and rubber production of budding clones are affected to varying degrees by the rootstock, so that the individual clones cannot maintain the excellent traits of the original clones. Cutting is one of the vegetative propagation methods of plants. Cutting clones can well maintain the excellent traits of the original plant for ear picking, but there is no report on the research on rubber tree cutting clones as planting materials. The author has done in-depth research on the technology of cutting seedlings of rubber trees, and found that it is difficult to make them take root using conventional cutting methods, the rooting rate is extremely low, and the root system is underdeveloped, so it is not easy to transplant and survive.

At present, the commonly used facilities for cutting seedlings include: greenhouses, plastic film sheds, electric hotbeds, etc. These devices are all relatively complex in structure, high in cost, consume electricity and water, and have relatively high management techniques and costs. What is more important is that the common disadvantages of these cutting seedbeds for rubber trees are that the internal temperature is too high, the air permeability is poor, the consumption of water resources is large, and the management cost is high. Rubber tree is a tropical tree species that requires high heat, water and humidity. When cutting on a slotting bed in an ordinary greenhouse, due to the high temperature in the slotting bed, the axillary buds of the cuttings germinate and grow quickly, and it is very easy to form sprouting branches, while The base of the cuttings did not produce adventitious roots, and after continuing to grow for a period of time, most of the plants withered and died, resulting in the phenomenon of "false living" and cutting failure.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating seedlings by cutting rubber tree cuttings in the field to solve the problems of low survival rate of rubber tree cuttings cuttings, high production costs, low land utilization rate and labor shortage, etc., so that the effect of cuttings is significantly improved. Rubber tree planters provide sufficient and high-quality seedlings to increase their production efficiency and promote the development of the natural rubber industry.

Technical problem to be solved by the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area;

Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil;

Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing;

Step four, cutting;

Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden;

Step 6, bagging and transplanting.

Further, the establishment process of the ear-picking area in the step 1 is to plant two rows of rubber trees with a row spacing of 2.5m×1m, and the planting time is from June to July. In September of the next year, the rubber trees are sawed to make them Take out branches, keep 4 to 5 branches, let them grow, the height of the saw bar is below the first leafy dense bud, and trim the branches in the middle of March of the third year to make them sprout. Keep 3 to 4 shoots, and the pruning position is below the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, and let it grow, wherein the sprouts that grow obliquely are used as the shading part of the seedbed, and the shoots that grow upright are used as ear picking bars;

The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas.

Further, in the first step, the water storage area is composed of two water storage ditches with a width of 20-25 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm. The two water storage ditches are respectively located inside two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditch are With drain and vent.

Further, in the first step, the cutting area is located between two water storage ditches, the width is 1.2-1.8m, the depth is 15-25cm, and the bottom is about 5cm higher than the bottom of the water storage ditch.

Further, the seedling-raising substrate in the step 2 is prepared by mixing river sand, peat soil and raw red soil at a volume ratio of 1:1-1.5:2-2.5; the seedling-raising substrate disinfection process is to expose the substrate to the sun for 2 to 3 days , use 0.5-1.0% potassium permanganate solution and 1000 times carbendazim solution for disinfection treatment according to the volume ratio of 1:1-1.5 mixture, and cover the surface of the substrate with a film, remove the film after 12 hours, and wait until the water in the substrate evaporates to When the water content is 45-50%.

Further, the specific process of cuttings preparation and cuttings processing in said step 3 is as follows:

Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut;

Cutting treatment: clean cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 0.5-1.0 hours, select cuttings with no discoloration in cut section, rinse with clean water and set aside .

Further, the cutting process in step 4 is from the beginning of June to the beginning of August. The base of the cuttings is soaked in the IBA rooting agent solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg/L for 0.5-1.0 hours, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 10 cm×10 cm Before cutting, the water storage area is filled with water, and it is advisable to stretch the oblique branches of the rubber tree to cover the cutting area, so that the temperature in the cutting area is 25-35°C, and the air humidity is 75-95%.

Further, the management in the middle and late stage of step five is to manage the temperature, humidity, shade and rain in the cutting area, control the temperature in the cutting area to 25-35°C, and the air humidity to 75-95%, and remove weeds from time to time, Manage the water volume in the water storage area and trim the ear nursery;

The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

Further, 60-80 days after transplanting the cuttings in the step 6, the rooted seedlings are cultivated in bags, and the culture medium of rubber tree rooted seedlings is peat soil and raw red soil mixed at a volume ratio of 1:2-3 to obtain the material , use a 40cm×10cm plastic nutrition bag as a cultivation container, and apply fertilizer once a month in the later stage, combined with pest control.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1. Using the seedling raising method of the present invention, the cuttings are easy to take root, and the rooting time is shorter, and the cutting rooting rate is significantly improved, reaching an average of 80%;

2. The cutting seedlings cultivated by the present invention have a well-developed root system, many and well-developed lateral roots, hard texture, and the transplanting survival rate is as high as 95%;

3. The present invention closely combines the ear-picking nursery with the cutting area, which greatly improves the land use efficiency;

4. The method for growing seedlings of rubber tree cuttings provided by the present invention does not require a large amount of artificial watering after cuttings, and does not need additional equipment for heating, shading and supplementary light treatment, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the nursery bed

1 rubber tree; 2 cutting area; 3 water storage area; 4 rubber tree ear picking area.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in detail by the following examples, it is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art according to the content of the above invention Some non-essential improvements and adjustments still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment one:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area;

Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil;

Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing;

Step four, cutting;

Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden;

Step 6, bagging and transplanting.

Further, the establishment process of the ear-picking area in the first step is to plant two rows of rubber trees with a row spacing of 2.5m×1m, and the planting time is June, and in September of the following year, saw the rubber trees to make them grow Branches, keep 4 to 5 branches and let them grow. The height of the saw bar is below the dense buds of the first fluffy leaves. Prune the branches in the middle of March of the third year to make them sprout. ~ 4 shoots, the pruning position is below the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, and let them grow, the sprouts growing obliquely are used as the shade part of the seedbed, and the sprouts growing upright are used as ear picking shoots;

The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas.

Further, in the first step, the water storage area is composed of two water storage ditches with a width of 20 cm and a depth of 20 cm. The two water storage ditches are respectively located inside the two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditch are provided with drains. and vents.

Further, in the first step, the cutting area is located between two water storage ditches, with a width of 1.2m and a depth of 15cm.

Further, the seedling raising substrate in the step 2 is prepared by mixing river sand, peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:1:2; Potassium acid solution and carbendazim 1000 times solution are disinfected according to the volume ratio of 1:1 mixture, and the film is covered on the surface of the substrate, and the film is removed after 12 hours, and the substrate is evaporated to a water content of 45-50%. .

Further, the specific process of cuttings preparation and cuttings processing in said step 3 is as follows:

Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut;

Cutting treatment: Clean the cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 0.5 hour, select the cuttings with no discoloration in the cut section, rinse them with clean water and set aside.

Further, the cutting process in step 4 is at the beginning of June, and the base of the cuttings is soaked in the IBA rooting agent solution with a concentration of 50mg/L for 0.5 hours, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 10cm×10cm; before the cuttings, store water The area is filled with water, and it is advisable to stretch the inclined branches of the rubber tree to cover the cutting area, so that the temperature in the cutting area is 25 ° C, and the air humidity is 75%.

Further, the management in the middle and late stage of step five is to manage the temperature, humidity, shade and rain in the cutting area, control the temperature in the cutting area to 25°C, and the air humidity to 75%, remove weeds from time to time, and manage the water storage area Water volume, pruning ear garden;

The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

Further, 60 days after transplanting the cuttings in the step 6, the rooted seedlings are cultivated in the bag, and the culture medium of rubber tree rooted seedlings is peat soil and raw red soil mixed in a volume ratio of 1:2, using 40cm× A 10cm plastic nutrition bag is used as a cultivation container, and fertilizer is applied once a month in the later period, combined with disease and insect pest control.

Embodiment two:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area;

Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil;

Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing;

Step four, cutting;

Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden;

Step 6, bagging and transplanting.

Further, the establishment process of the ear-picking area in the first step is to plant two rows of rubber trees with a row spacing of 2.5m×1m. The planting time is July, and in September of the next year, the rubber trees are sawed to make them grow. Branches, keep 4 to 5 branches and let them grow. The height of the saw bar is below the dense buds of the first fluffy leaves. Prune the branches in the middle of March of the third year to make them sprout. ~ 4 shoots, the pruning position is below the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, and let them grow, the sprouts growing obliquely are used as the shade part of the seedbed, and the sprouts growing upright are used as ear picking shoots;

The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas.

Further, in the step one, the water storage area is composed of two water storage ditches with a width of 20 cm and a depth of 30 cm. The two water storage ditches are respectively located inside the two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditch are provided with drains. and vents.

Further, in the first step, the cutting area is located between two water storage ditches, with a width of 1.5m and a depth of 25cm.

Further, the seedling-raising substrate in the step 2 is prepared by mixing river sand, peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.5:2; Potassium acid solution and carbendazim 1000 times solution are disinfected according to the volume ratio of 1:1.5 mixture, and the surface of the substrate is covered with a film. After 12 hours, the film is removed, and the water content of the substrate is evaporated to 45-50%. .

Further, the specific process of cuttings preparation and cuttings processing in said step 3 is as follows:

Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut;

Cutting treatment: Clean the cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 0.5 hour, select the cuttings with no discoloration in the cut section, rinse them with clean water and set aside.

Further, the cutting process in the step 4 is from the beginning of June to the beginning of August, the base of the cuttings is soaked in the IBA rooting agent solution with a concentration of 50mg/L for 1 hour, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 10cm×10cm; before the cuttings, The water storage area is filled with water, and it is advisable to stretch the oblique branches of the rubber tree to cover the cutting area, so that the temperature in the cutting area is 30°C and the air humidity is 85%.

Further, the management in the middle and late stage of step five is to manage the temperature, humidity, shade and rain in the cutting area, control the temperature in the cutting area to 25-35°C, and the air humidity to 75-95%, and remove weeds from time to time, Manage the water volume in the water storage area and trim the ear nursery;

The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

Further, 70 days after transplanting the cuttage in the step 6, the rooted seedlings are cultivated in the bag, and the culture medium of rubber tree rooted seedlings is the material obtained by mixing peat soil and raw red soil at a volume ratio of 1:2.5, using a 40cm× A 10cm plastic nutrition bag is used as a cultivation container, and fertilizer is applied once a month in the later period, combined with disease and insect pest control.

Embodiment three:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area;

Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil;

Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing;

Step four, cutting;

Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden;

Step 6, bagging and transplanting.

Further, the establishment process of the ear-picking area in the first step is to plant two rows of rubber trees with a row spacing of 2.5m×1m. The planting time is July, and in September of the next year, the rubber trees are sawed to make them grow. Branches, keep 4 to 5 branches and let them grow. The height of the saw bar is below the dense buds of the first fluffy leaves. Prune the branches in the middle of March of the third year to make them sprout. ~ 4 shoots, the pruning position is below the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, and let them grow, the sprouts growing obliquely are used as the shade part of the seedbed, and the sprouts growing upright are used as ear picking shoots;

The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas.

Further, in the step one, the water storage area is composed of two water storage ditches with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm. The two water storage ditches are respectively located inside the two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditch are provided with drains. and vents.

Further, in the first step, the cutting area is located between two water storage ditches, with a width of 1.8m and a depth of 25cm.

Further, the seedling-raising substrate in the step 2 is prepared by mixing river sand, peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:1:2; Potassium permanganate solution and 1000 times carbendazim solution are disinfected according to the volume ratio of 1:1 mixture, and the surface of the substrate is covered with a film, and the film is removed after 12 hours. When the moisture in the substrate evaporates to a water content of 45-50% That's it.

Further, the specific process of cuttings preparation and cuttings processing in said step 3 is as follows:

Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut;

Cutting treatment: Clean cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 1.0 hour, select cuttings with no discoloration in cut section, rinse with clean water and set aside.

Further, the cutting process in step 4 is in early August, and the base of the cuttings is soaked in the IBA rooting agent solution with a concentration of 100mg/L for 1.0 hour, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 10cm×10cm; before the cuttings, the water storage The area is filled with water, and it is advisable to stretch the inclined branches of the rubber tree to cover the cutting area, so that the temperature in the cutting area is 35 ° C, and the air humidity is 95%.

Further, the management in the middle and late stage of step five is to manage the temperature, humidity, shade and rain in the cutting area, control the temperature in the cutting area to 35°C, and the air humidity to 95%, remove weeds from time to time, and manage the water storage area Water volume, pruning ear garden;

The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

Further, 80 days after transplanting the cuttage in the step 6, the rooted seedlings are cultivated in the bag, and the culture medium of rubber tree rooted seedlings is peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:2. A 10cm plastic nutrition bag is used as a cultivation container, and fertilizer is applied once a month in the later period, combined with disease and insect pest control.

Embodiment four:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area;

Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil;

Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing;

Step four, cutting;

Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden;

Step six, bagging and transplanting.

Further, the establishment process of the ear-picking area in the first step is to plant two rows of rubber trees with a row spacing of 2.5m×1m, and the planting time is June, and in September of the following year, saw the rubber trees to make them grow Branches, keep 4 to 5 branches and let them grow. The height of the saw bar is below the dense buds of the first fluffy leaves. Prune the branches in the middle of March of the third year to make them sprout. ~ 4 shoots, the pruning position is below the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, and let them grow, the sprouts growing obliquely are used as the shade part of the seedbed, and the sprouts growing upright are used as ear picking shoots;

The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas.

Further, the water storage area in the step 1 is composed of two water storage ditches with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 25 cm. The two water storage ditches are respectively located inside the two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditch are provided with drains. and vents.

Further, in the first step, the cutting area is located between two water storage ditches, with a width of 1.5m and a depth of 20cm.

Further, the seedling-raising substrate in the step 2 is prepared by mixing river sand, peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.5:2.5; Potassium acid solution and carbendazim 1000 times solution are disinfected according to the volume ratio of 1:1.5 mixture, and the surface of the substrate is covered with a film. After 12 hours, the film is removed, and the water content of the substrate is evaporated to 45-50%. .

Further, the specific process of cuttings preparation and cuttings processing in said step 3 is as follows:

Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut;

Cutting treatment: Clean cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 1.0 hour, select cuttings with no discoloration in cut section, rinse with clean water and set aside.

Further, the cutting process in step 4 is at the beginning of July, and the base of the cuttings is soaked in the IBA rooting agent solution with a concentration of 100mg/L for 1.0 hour, and then the cuttings are carried out at a density of 10cm×10cm; before the cuttings, store water The area is filled with water, and it is advisable to stretch the inclined branches of the rubber tree to cover the cutting area, so that the temperature in the cutting area is 25 ° C, and the air humidity is 95%.

Further, the management in the middle and late stages of step five is to manage the temperature, humidity, shade and rain in the cutting area, control the temperature in the cutting area to 25°C, and the air humidity to 95%, remove weeds from time to time, and manage the water storage area Water volume, pruning ear garden;

The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

Further, 70 days after transplanting the cuttage in the step 6, the rooted seedlings are cultivated in the bag, and the culture medium of rubber tree rooted seedlings is peat soil and raw red soil in a volume ratio of 1:3. A 10cm plastic nutrition bag is used as a cultivation container, and fertilizer is applied once a month in the later period, combined with disease and insect pest control.

Take common rubber tree greenhouse greenhouse cuttage raising seedling method as control group, compare embodiment 1～4 and the rate of rooting of cuttings in the control group, as shown in table 1:

Table 1

Example Rooting rate of cuttings (%) Transplanting survival rate (%) Example 1 80.80 95.04 Example 2 82.10 98.00 Example 3 83.50 96.00 Example 4 82.70 97.00 control group 27.00 60.20

Claims (9)

1. a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field, is characterized in that, the method for raising seedlings by cuttings in the field of rubber trees comprises the following steps: Step 1, the establishment of the seedling bed, the seedling bed includes rubber tree ear picking area, water storage area and cutting area; Step 2, preparation and disinfection of the seedling-raising substrate, the seedling-raising substrate is a mixture of river sand, peat soil and raw red soil; Step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings processing; Step four, cutting; Step five, post-planting management, including temperature and humidity management in the cutting area, water storage area management and pruning in the ear garden; Step six, bagging and transplanting. 2. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the establishment process of ear-picking area in the described step 1 is to plant two rows of rubber tree by row spacing 2.5m * 1m, and the time for field planting is 6 From July to July, in September of the next year, the rubber tree is sawed to make it grow branches, and 4 to 5 branches are kept to allow it to grow. Prune the branches in the middle of the month to make them sprout, and keep 3 to 4 sprouts on each branch. The pruning part is under the dense buds of the first leaf canopy, let them grow, and the sprouts that grow obliquely are used as seedling beds In the shading part of the plant, the shoots that grow upright are used as picking bars; The rubber tree is used for cultivation of cuttings and shading of cutting areas. 3. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 1, water storage area is made of two water storage ditches that width is 20～25cm, depth is 20～30cm, two The water storage ditches are respectively located inside the two rows of rubber trees, and the two ends of the water storage ditches are provided with drains and vents. 4. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 1, cutting area is positioned between two water storage ditches, and width is 1.2～1.8m, and depth is 15～25cm and The bottom is about 5cm higher than the bottom of the water storage ditch. 5. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, seedling raising matrix is mixed by volume ratio 1:1～1.5:2～2.5 by river sand, peat soil and raw red soil Uniformly obtained; the seedling-raising substrate disinfection process is to expose the substrate to the sun for 2 to 3 days, then disinfect it with 0.5 to 1.0% potassium permanganate solution and 1000 times carbendazim solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1.5, Cover the surface of the substrate with a film, remove the film after 12 hours, and wait for the moisture in the substrate to evaporate to a water content of 45-50%. 6. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3, cuttings preparation and cuttings process concrete process as follows: Preparation of cuttings: Select the earing strips with 3 to 4 stable leaves, remove the dense buds and the part of the canopy leaves including the canopy distance, cut the cuttings to a length of 8 to 12 cm, and keep 2 to 3 axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the bud eye, and the lower end is cut into a horseshoe shape with a smooth cut; Cutting treatment: clean cuttings, bundle every 20-25 pieces, soak in clean water for half an hour, then soak in 500 times carbendazim solution for 0.5-1.0 hours, select cuttings with no discoloration in cut section, rinse with clean water and set aside . 7. The method for growing seedlings by cuttings of rubber trees in the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cutting process in the step 4 is from the beginning of June to the beginning of August, and the base of the cuttings is placed in the IBA with a concentration of 50-100 mg/L for rooting Soak in the solution for 0.5 to 1.0 hours, and then cut at a density of 10cm×10cm; before cutting, fill the water storage area with water, and stretch the inclined branches of the rubber tree until it can cover the cutting area. The temperature is 25-35°C, and the air humidity is 75-95%. 8. A kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the middle and late stage management of described step 5 is to carry out temperature and humidity, shading and sheltering rain management to cutting area, control cutting area temperature is 25～ 35°C, air humidity 75-95%, remove weeds from time to time, manage the water volume in the water storage area, and trim the ear picking nursery; The pruning of the ear-picking garden is to remove the inclined branches of the ear-picking garden after the cuttings take root, so that the sunlight is more sufficient, which is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings. 9. a kind of rubber tree field cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 6, upper bag transplanting is 60～80 days after cuttage, with rooted seedling upper bag culture, rubber tree rooted seedling culture medium Peat soil and raw red soil are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:2 to 3, and a 40cm×10cm plastic nutrition bag is used as a cultivation container. Fertilizers are applied once a month in the later period, combined with pest control.