CN108967019A - A kind of Lee, apricot stock efficient cuttage breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Lee, apricot stock efficient cuttage breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967019A CN108967019A CN201811169556.8A CN201811169556A CN108967019A CN 108967019 A CN108967019 A CN 108967019A CN 201811169556 A CN201811169556 A CN 201811169556A CN 108967019 A CN108967019 A CN 108967019A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Lee, the efficient cuttage breeding method of apricot stock, it is the following steps are included: S1, take the management of an elite stand；S2, cuttage period；The acquisition and trimming of S3, cuttings；The processing of S4, cuttings；S5, seedbed cuttage；S6, it is managed after inserting；S7, acclimatization and transplants.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: growing-seedling period is short, stabilization characteristics of genetics, technical equipment is simple, breeding coefficient is high, required at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lee, the efficient cuttage breeding method of apricot stock.
Background technique
Japanese plum, apricot economic life time generally in 15-20, compared with other fruit trees, the economic life is relatively short.
Reform since Jian puts, China Lee, apricot production experienced stablizes quickly development for many years, and in many areas, Lee, apricot industry are had become
For the main financial support of the structural readjustment of rural industry, increasing peasant income.China Lee, apricot stock are always using grow directly from seeds wild peach, mountain peach
Deng this kind of stock resistance is poor.In order to keep the superiority of the industry under conditions of land limited, old orchard changes at present
Make, the trend of old Cultivar replacing it is frequent, the problems such as obstacle is replanted present in production, is also increasingly prominent.Meanwhile many alkali in south
It is very universal as Lee of stock, apricot iron chlorosis phenomenon using wild peach on property soil, seriously affect Growth status, yield and product
Matter.Standardization stock breeding of method is established, a large amount of Resistant rootstocks are cultivated, becomes the upper urgent problem of production.
GF677 stock by French INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) in
The 60's of 20th century selection cross forms, well developed root system, and growing way is healthy and strong, and tree crown is tall and big, and parent is grafted between Lee, apricot cultivars
It is strong with power, and there are the good characteristics such as anticalcium matter alkaline soil iron deficiency disease, resistance to continuous cropping, drought-enduring.GF677 only passes through asexual
Breeding is just able to maintain its resistance, and vegetative propagation includes tissue and cuttage culture.The national capitals such as France, Italy, Spain, Turkey
By a large amount of GF677 of tissue-culturing rapid propagation for producing;According to Italian Dr .Giuliano Dradi introduction, only Vivai
Battistini is between 2004~2007 years, and annual 2000000 plants of tissue-culturing rapid propagation GF677 Peach rootstock or more.Although external
GF677 group culturation rapid propagating technology is more mature, but due to business, proliferation, the culture medium prescription taken root and shifting
The operation sequence of cultivation rarely written report.The group culturation rapid propagating technology of comparative maturity not yet domestic at present is used for the rule of the stock
Modelling production.
Cuttage refers to the organs such as the blade, branch or root of clip plant, is commonly called as slotting leaf, stem cutting and root cutting, is inserted into matrix,
It is promoted to take root, supernumerary bud, the numerous model method branched out and develop into intact plant.Cuttage process need to comprehensively consider various influences because
Son analyzes the inside and outside factors that may influence cuttage root-taking.The internal factor for influencing cuttage root-taking has tree species and product
Kind, the nutrition condition of cutting, Endogenous Hormones and enzyme activity etc.;External factor includes root-growing agent type and concentration, cuttage base
Matter, cuttage period, temperature, humidity etc..
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, provides a kind of short growing-seedling period, stabilization characteristics of genetics, skill
Art equipment is simple, breeding coefficient is high, required Lee at low cost, apricot stock efficient cuttage breeding method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Lee, apricot stock efficient cuttage breeding method, it
The following steps are included:
S1, the management for taking an elite stand, specifically includes the following steps:
S11, take branch current year thank spend after 10 days, the pure boron content of every plant of root application be 19~20% 48~50g of boron fertilizer；
S12, when the fruit stone phase starts, 190~200g of potassium sulfate of every plant of root application 48~50%；
S13, after the spring tip stop it is long after, 0.18~0.2% borax of blade spraying and 0.28~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times, interval 15
It is sprayed；
S2, cuttage period: 9~October, mean daily temperature are to carry out at 18 DEG C~22 DEG C in the fall；
The acquisition and trimming of S3, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S31, from robust growth, no disease and pests harm seedling tree on acquisition tree crown middle and upper part periphery sprout full current year raw half it is wooden
Change branch, branch selects rugosity for 0.8~1.0cm；
S32, it will be cut off at the top of branch with base portion, stay middle and upper part to make cuttings, then cuttings is cut into the brachyplast that length is 16~20cm,
Each Cha Miho stays 3~5 full buds, and by lower part 5~8cm blade removal, top 3~5cm blade retains, away from upper end bud 1
Straight snips at~1.2cm, lower end are cut into inclined-plane；
S33, cutting base portion is soaked in water, top is covered with sunshade net, and it is spare to put shady place；
The processing of S4, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S41, the ABT-3 root-inducing powder of 500 mg/litres of cutting base portion 3cm is impregnated into 50~60s；
After 9~10min is placed in S42, taking-up, the mixing for being inserted into No. GGR-6 0.035~0.04 mg/litre and 0.1% potassium oxide is molten
3~4h is impregnated in liquid；
S5, seedbed cuttage, specifically includes the following steps:
S51, production slotting machine specification are long 1.3 m × wide 8 m, and slotting machine stromal thickness is 25 cm, and bed bottom spreads the river of 5~10cm thickness
It is husky；
S52, river sand upper berth power be 1200 kW, 220 v of voltage ground hot line, ground hot line upper berth by 50% perlite,
The cutting medium that 10% peat soil and 40% sand mix, it is ensured that cutting medium with a thickness of 15cm；On cutting medium
Repave the perlite that a thickness is 0.5~1cm；
It is S53, cutting medium is loose, it is carried out disinfection place with 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% to cutting bed
Reason；
It after S54, processing, is punched on slotting machine with waddy, cutting base portion 3cm is inserted into cutting medium, then by base portion and cuttage base
Matter compacting, sprinkles profoundly water cutting bed after cuttage；
S6, it is managed after inserting, specifically includes the following steps:
S61, the plastic canopy that a height of 1.3~1.5 m is taken on cutting bed make slotting machine surface temperature by adjusting ground hot line temperature
Degree is maintained at 22~25 DEG C；
S62, it is sprayed according to weather condition, makes relative air humidity not less than 75%, it is ensured that soil humidity is not higher than 60%；
S63, every the fungicide of spray in 7~10 days, fungicide uses 80% 1 000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and 70% methyl
1000 times of liquid of thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and thiophanate methyl are used alternatingly；
S7, acclimatization and transplants, specifically includes the following steps:
S71, after cuttage root-taking and when next year open ground soil temperature reaches 5 DEG C or more, shading object and part canopy film are gradually thrown off；
S72, ensure that light application time extends 1~1.1h daily, until suitable with extraneous daylight time, reduce within every 3 days primary
Dense fog number, every the urea of spray 1 time 0.3% in 10~15 days after taking root, root irrigates the IBA solution of 50 mg/L for every 20 days
Once, after hardening 7~10 days, field-transplanting can be carried out, the cutting propagation of Lee, apricot stock are finally realized.
The invention has the following advantages that
1, easy to operate, save cost.
The invention instrument equipment is very simple, and main equipment is an electric heating seedbed, and the related reagent used is also
Common chemical reagent, pesticide, chemical fertilizer etc. in production, substantially farmer can be using implementation, at low cost, the labours needed
Seldom, strong operability.
2, rooting ability is strong, high survival rate.
The present invention contains whole entire technical system to acclimatization and transplants from the management for adopting an elite stand, to branch source and inserts
Environment carries out strict control afterwards, comprehensively considers the internal factor for influencing cuttage root-taking (including the kind, nutrition condition of cutting, interior
Exogenous estrogen is horizontal and enzyme activity etc.) and external factor (including root-growing agent type and concentration, cutting medium, cuttage period, temperature,
Humidity etc.), pilot survey, 90 days average rooting rates are up to 70.5% after cuttage, and item number of averagely taking root is 8.0, and average root is up to
3.02cm.Therefore GF677 is overcome because breediness limits, vegetative propagation is relatively difficult, and tissue cultures are not easy to succeed, and
Cutting propagation is not easy easily rotten after root of hair or root of hair technology barrier again.
3, nursery stock is healthy and strong, significant effect.
The nursery stock of cutting survival of the present invention is observed after 1 year, and growing way is excellent, seedling height, rugosity and degree of aging
All reach the standard of high-quality strong sprout, significant effect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to as described below:
A kind of Lee, apricot stock efficient cuttage breeding method, it the following steps are included:
S1, the management for taking an elite stand, specifically includes the following steps:
S11, take branch current year thank spend after 10 days, the pure boron content of every plant of root application be 19~20% 48~50g of boron fertilizer；
S12, when the fruit stone phase starts, 190~200g of potassium sulfate of every plant of root application 48~50%；
S13, after the spring tip stop it is long after, 0.18~0.2% borax of blade spraying and 0.28~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times, interval 15
It is sprayed；
S2, cuttage period: 9~October, mean daily temperature are to carry out at 18 DEG C~22 DEG C in the fall；
The acquisition and trimming of S3, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S31, from robust growth, no disease and pests harm seedling tree on acquisition tree crown middle and upper part periphery sprout full current year raw half it is wooden
Change branch, branch selects rugosity for 0.8~1.0cm；
S32, it will be cut off at the top of branch with base portion, stay middle and upper part to make cuttings, then cuttings is cut into the brachyplast that length is 16~20cm,
Each Cha Miho stays 3~5 full buds, and by lower part 5~8cm blade removal, top 3~5cm blade retains, away from upper end bud 1
Straight snips at~1.2cm, lower end are cut into inclined-plane；
S33, cutting base portion is soaked in water, top is covered with sunshade net, and it is spare to put shady place；
The processing of S4, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S41, the ABT-3 root-inducing powder of 500 mg/litres of cutting base portion 3cm is impregnated into 50~60s；
After 9~10min is placed in S42, taking-up, the mixing for being inserted into No. GGR-6 0.035~0.04 mg/litre and 0.1% potassium oxide is molten
3~4h is impregnated in liquid；
S5, seedbed cuttage, specifically includes the following steps:
S51, production slotting machine specification are long 1.3 m × wide 8 m, and slotting machine stromal thickness is 25 cm, and bed bottom spreads the river of 5~10cm thickness
It is husky；
S52, river sand upper berth power be 1200 kW, 220 v of voltage ground hot line, ground hot line upper berth by 50% perlite,
The cutting medium that 10% peat soil and 40% sand mix, it is ensured that cutting medium with a thickness of 15cm；On cutting medium
Repave the perlite that a thickness is 0.5~1cm；
It is S53, cutting medium is loose, it is carried out disinfection place with 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% to cutting bed
Reason；
It after S54, processing, is punched on slotting machine with waddy, cutting base portion 3cm is inserted into cutting medium, then by base portion and cuttage base
Matter compacting, sprinkles profoundly water cutting bed after cuttage；
S6, it is managed after inserting, specifically includes the following steps:
S61, the plastic canopy that a height of 1.3~1.5 m is taken on cutting bed make slotting machine surface temperature by adjusting ground hot line temperature
Degree is maintained at 22~25 DEG C；
S62, it is sprayed according to weather condition, makes relative air humidity not less than 75%, it is ensured that soil humidity is not higher than 60%；
S63, every the fungicide of spray in 7~10 days, fungicide uses 80% 1 000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and 70% methyl
1000 times of liquid of thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and thiophanate methyl are used alternatingly；
S7, acclimatization and transplants, specifically includes the following steps:
S71, after cuttage root-taking and when next year open ground soil temperature reaches 5 DEG C or more, shading object and part canopy film are gradually thrown off；
S72, ensure that light application time extends 1~1.1h daily, until suitable with extraneous daylight time, reduce within every 3 days primary
Dense fog number, every the urea of spray 1 time 0.3% in 10~15 days after taking root, root irrigates the IBA solution of 50 mg/L for every 20 days
Once, after hardening 7~10 days, field-transplanting can be carried out, the cutting propagation of Lee, apricot stock are finally realized.
Embodiment one:
The boron fertilizer 50g of the pure boron content 20% of the every plant of GF677 root application of In Chengdu late March in 2016, every plant of root application of the first tenday period of a month in May 50%
Potassium sulfate 200g, 0.2% borax of early June blade spraying and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times, are spaced 15 days.
Late September from robust growth, no disease and pests harm seedling tree on acquisition tree crown middle and upper part periphery sprout full current year
Raw semi-lignified branch, rugosity 1.0cm will cut off with base portion at the top of branch, stay middle and upper part to make cuttings, be cut into the short of 16cm length
Branch, each Cha Miho stay 3~5 full buds, and lower part 5~8cm blade removal, top 3~5cm blade retains, away from upper end bud 1
Straight snips at~1.2cm, lower end are cut into inclined-plane.Cutting base portion is under water, and top is covered with sunshade net, and it is spare to put shady place.Skewer
Before inserting, the ABT-3 root-inducing powder of 500 mg/litres of cutting base portion 3cm is first impregnated into 50s, takes out and places after ten minutes, insert
Enter in the mixed solution of No. GGR-6 0.035~0.04 mg/litre and 0.1% potassium oxide and impregnates 3h.
Use slotting machine specification for long 1.3 m × wide 8 m, slotting machine stromal thickness is 25 cm, and bed bottom spreads the river of 5~10cm thickness
Sand, upper berth power be 1200 kW, 220 v of voltage ground hot line, ground hot line upper berth by 50% perlite, 10% peat soil,
The cutting medium that 40% sand mixes, it is ensured that slotting machine stromal thickness is 15cm, repaves one layer of 0.5~1cm's on cutting medium
Perlite.Matrix dug before cuttage loose, is carried out disinfection with 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% to cutting bed
Processing.It is punched on slotting machine before cuttage with waddy, cutting base portion 3cm is inserted into matrix, is later compacted base portion and matrix, and cuttage is complete
Cutting bed will be sprinkled profoundly water by finishing.
The plastic canopy of high 1.5 m is taken on cutting bed, by adjusting ground hot line temperature, slotting machine surface temperature is made to keep 25
DEG C, it is sprayed according to weather condition, makes relative air humidity not less than 75%, soil humidity is not higher than 60%.One was sprayed every 8 days
Secondary fungicide, 1000 times of liquid of 80% 1000 times of Mancozeb liquid and 70% thiophanate methyl are used alternatingly.Spring next year, when illumination
Between extend 1h daily, until suitable with extraneous daylight time, the dense fog number of reduction in every 3 days, reduce air humidity with
It is extraneous that quite every 1 0.3% urea of spray in 15 days after taking root, the IBA solution that it is 50 mg/L that root fills for every 20 days is primary,
The soil moisture can lift film when reaching 7 DEG C or more, hardening is transplanted after 10 days.
It is investigated within 15 days after transplanting, rooting rate is up to 75.2%, and item number of averagely taking root is 9.0, and average root is up to
3.82cm。
Embodiment two:
Every plant of the boron fertilizer 50g of the pure boron content 20% of the every plant of GF677 root application of Meishan area late March in 2017, the first tenday period of a month in May root application
50% potassium sulfate 200g, 0.2% borax of early June blade spraying and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times, are spaced 15 days.
Month last ten-days period from robust growth, no disease and pests harm seedling tree on acquisition tree crown middle and upper part periphery sprout it is full current year it is raw
Semi-lignified branch, rugosity 1.0cm will cut off with base portion at the top of branch, stay middle and upper part to make cuttings, be cut into the short of 16cm length
Branch, each Cha Miho stay 3~5 full buds, and lower part 5~8cm blade removal, top 3~5cm blade retains, away from upper end bud 1
Straight snips at~1.2cm, lower end are cut into inclined-plane.Cutting base portion is under water, and top is covered with sunshade net, and it is spare to put shady place.Skewer
Before inserting, the ABT-3 root-inducing powder of 500 mg/litres of cutting base portion 3cm is first impregnated into 50s, takes out and places after ten minutes, insert
Enter in the mixed solution of No. GGR-6 0.035~0.04 mg/litre and 0.1% potassium oxide and impregnates 3h.
Use slotting machine specification for long 1.3 m × wide 8 m, it is ensured that slotting machine stromal thickness is 25 cm, and it is thick that bed bottom spreads 5~10cm
River sand, upper berth power be 1200 kW, 220 v of voltage ground hot line, ground hot line upper berth is by 50% perlite, 10% peat
Soil, the cutting medium that mixes of 40% sand, it is ensured that cutting medium with a thickness of 15cm, a layer thickness is repaved on cutting medium
For the perlite of 0.5~1cm.Matrix dug before cuttage it is loose, with 0.4% potassium permanganate, 50% 600 times of liquid of carbendazim to cuttage
Bed carries out disinfection processing.It is punched on slotting machine before cuttage with waddy, cutting base portion 3cm is inserted into matrix, later by base portion and matrix
Compacting, cuttage, which finishes, will sprinkle profoundly water cutting bed.
The plastic canopy of high 1.5 m is taken on cutting bed, by adjusting ground hot line temperature, slotting machine surface temperature is made to keep 25
DEG C, it is sprayed according to weather condition, makes relative air humidity not less than 75%, soil humidity is not higher than 60%.One was sprayed every 8 days
Secondary fungicide, 1000 times of liquid of 80% 1000 times of Mancozeb liquid and 70% thiophanate methyl are used alternatingly.
Spring next year, light application time extend 1h daily, until suitable with extraneous daylight time, reduce within every 3 days primary
Dense fog number, reduction air humidity is suitable with the external world, and every 1 0.3% urea of spray in 15 days after taking root, root fills for every 20 days is
The IBA solution of 50 mg/L is primary, and film can be lifted when the soil moisture reaches 7 DEG C or more, and hardening is transplanted after 10 days.
October is investigated, cuttage survival rate 75%, and cuttage seeding is averaged thick 2.5~3cm, and cuttage seeding average height 100~
120cm, robust growth.
Claims (1)
1. the efficient cuttage breeding method of a kind of Lee, apricot stock, it is characterised in that: it the following steps are included:
S1, the management for taking an elite stand, specifically includes the following steps:
S11, take branch current year thank spend after 10 days, the pure boron content of every plant of root application be 19~20% 48~50g of boron fertilizer；
S12, when the fruit stone phase starts, 190~200g of potassium sulfate of every plant of root application 48~50%；
S13, after the spring tip stop it is long after, 0.18~0.2% borax of blade spraying and 0.28~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times, interval 15
It is sprayed；
S2, cuttage period: 9~October, mean daily temperature are to carry out at 18 DEG C~22 DEG C in the fall；
The acquisition and trimming of S3, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S31, from robust growth, no disease and pests harm seedling tree on acquisition tree crown middle and upper part periphery sprout full current year raw half it is wooden
Change branch, branch selects rugosity for 0.8~1.0cm；
S32, it will be cut off at the top of branch with base portion, stay middle and upper part to make cuttings, then cuttings is cut into the brachyplast that length is 16~20cm,
Each Cha Miho stays 3~5 full buds, and by lower part 5~8cm blade removal, top 3~5cm blade retains, away from upper end bud 1
Straight snips at~1.2cm, lower end are cut into inclined-plane；
S33, cutting base portion is soaked in water, top is covered with sunshade net, and it is spare to put shady place；
The processing of S4, cuttings, specifically includes the following steps:
S41, the ABT-3 root-inducing powder of 500 mg/litres of cutting base portion 3cm is impregnated into 50~60s；
After 9~10min is placed in S42, taking-up, the mixing for being inserted into No. GGR-6 0.035~0.04 mg/litre and 0.1% potassium oxide is molten
3~4h is impregnated in liquid；
S5, seedbed cuttage, specifically includes the following steps:
S51, production slotting machine specification are long 1.3 m × wide 8 m, and slotting machine stromal thickness is 25 cm, and bed bottom spreads the river of 5~10cm thickness
It is husky；
S52, river sand upper berth power be 1200 kW, 220 v of voltage ground hot line, ground hot line upper berth by 50% perlite,
The cutting medium that 10% peat soil and 40% sand mix, it is ensured that cutting medium with a thickness of 15cm；On cutting medium
Repave the perlite that a thickness is 0.5~1cm；
It is S53, cutting medium is loose, it is carried out disinfection place with 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 0.4% potassium permanganate and 50% to cutting bed
Reason；
It after S54, processing, is punched on slotting machine with waddy, cutting base portion 3cm is inserted into cutting medium, then by base portion and cuttage base
Matter compacting, sprinkles profoundly water cutting bed after cuttage；
S6, it is managed after inserting, specifically includes the following steps:
S61, the plastic canopy that a height of 1.3~1.5 m is taken on cutting bed make slotting machine surface temperature by adjusting ground hot line temperature
Degree is maintained at 22~25 DEG C；
S62, it is sprayed according to weather condition, makes relative air humidity not less than 75%, it is ensured that soil humidity is not higher than 60%；
S63, every the fungicide of spray in 7~10 days, fungicide uses 80% 1 000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and 70% methyl
1000 times of liquid of thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of Mancozeb and thiophanate methyl are used alternatingly；
S7, acclimatization and transplants, specifically includes the following steps:
S71, after cuttage root-taking and when next year open ground soil temperature reaches 5 DEG C or more, shading object and part canopy film are gradually thrown off；
S72, ensure that light application time extends 1~1.1h daily, until suitable with extraneous daylight time, reduce within every 3 days primary
Dense fog number, every the urea of spray 1 time 0.3% in 10~15 days after taking root, root irrigates the IBA solution of 50 mg/L for every 20 days
Once, after hardening 7~10 days, field-transplanting can be carried out, the cutting propagation of Lee, apricot stock are finally realized.
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