CN106613363B - A kind of cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613363B CN106613363B CN201610850736.7A CN201610850736A CN106613363B CN 106613363 B CN106613363 B CN 106613363B CN 201610850736 A CN201610850736 A CN 201610850736A CN 106613363 B CN106613363 B CN 106613363B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree, comprising the following steps: (1) stock selecting with it is fixed dry: select annual locust tree tree seedling as stock, heading height 1.4-1.6m；(2) it grafts: adopting and cut umbrella shape locust tree scion, both ends notch with sealing with wax, grafted before sprouting to stock tree bud in the in the shade place that cools, obtain grafting by sand storage；(3) nursery stock management and trimming: reinforcing liquid manure and soil management to grafting, is not required to carry out bud picking after scion rudiment, when young sprout reaches 30cm long, carries out cutting back pruning；(4) transplanting and management: grafting is transplanted before early spring rudiment.Umbrella shape locust tree height is connected on common locust tree by the present invention, and carries out cutting back pruning, and short shrub is become arbor, improves the ornamental value and utilization and extention value of umbrella shape locust tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technique
Umbrella shape locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia var.umbraculifera) is locust tree (Robinia
Pseudoacacia mutation) originates in the U.S., afterwards the European countries such as incoming Holland.Guangrao County, Dongying city is big within 2002
Wang Zhen country high quality tree species Breeding base introduces umbrella shape locust tree from Holland, and locust tree project team, forest-science academy, Shandong Province in 2013 is from Dongying
A small amount of branch propagation by grafiting is introduced in king town, and current year obtains number seedlings.This kind of locust tree is short shrub, and shape of growing thickly is natural
Form umbrella shape, that is, nearly spheroidal tree crown, no trunk.Umbrella shape locust tree is lower as ornamental trees culture value, trains as commerical tree species
It supports and is obviously not suitable for.
Currently, locust tree class tree species are mainly garden group planting or isolated planting for afforestation, it is all tall for shade tree greening
Wood plant, there is no shrub locust tree to afforest for cities and towns shade tree.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural methods of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree, utilize
Umbrella shape locust tree limb is grown thickly to form the characteristic of spheroidal tree crown, umbrella shape locust tree height is connected on common locust tree, and carry out cutting back pruning
It cuts, cultivates the round tree crown at dungarunga shape, for the plant greening of cities and towns shade tree, form unique landscape, have very high ornamental
Value and greening value.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree, comprising the following steps:
(1) stock selecting with it is fixed dry: select annual locust tree tree seedling as stock, heading height 1.4-1.6m
(preferably 1.5m)；
(2) it grafts: adopting and cut umbrella shape locust tree scion, both ends notch with sealing with wax, sprout in the in the shade place that cools to stock tree bud by sand storage
It is grafted before dynamic, obtains grafting；
(3) nursery stock management and trimming: reinforcing liquid manure and soil management to grafting, is not required to carry out bud picking after scion rudiment,
When young sprout reaches 30cm long, cutting back pruning is carried out；
(4) transplanting and management: grafting is transplanted before early spring rudiment, and shade tree spacing in the rows is 2-3m, the bottom of planting hole
Layer applies 5-7kg organic fertilizer and makees base manure, waters immediately after cultivation, and it is permeable to transplant hole irrigation, pours once saturating ground water after 10-12 days again, with
Guarantee that sapling survives, no longer need to trim after sapling rudiment, is allowed to young sprout growth.
In step (1), the breeding method of stock are as follows: by seed that locust tree Seed multiplication base produces or common locust tree through screening
Seed, presoaking and germinating are sowed after the sprouting of 70% or more seed germ shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, are emerged within after planting 8-10 days, as height of seedling 3-
Small and weak seedling is removed in first time thinning when 4cm, and according to seedling growth density, then thinning 1-2 times, the transplantation of seedlings gone out is utilized；In seedling
Final singling when high 10-15cm, and reinforce weeding and fertilizer and water management.
In the breeding method of above-mentioned stock, the method for the presoaking and germinating are as follows: for 24 hours with 80~90 DEG C of Soaking in hot water, pull out
Water swelling seed waits for vernalization, reprocesses 2~3 times to the solids seed of non-imbibition, until 80% or more seed water suction is swollen
Until swollen；It by water swelling seed heat and moisture preserving vernalization 3~4 days, is rinsed once with clear water daily, prevents seed is viscous from becoming mouldy.
In the breeding method of above-mentioned stock, the operation of sowing are as follows: sowing ground will plough deeply site preparation, and organic fertilizer or farmyard manure are done
Base manure；Make bed, sowing, the wide 1m in seedbed, north-south, every 3 row of sowing in bed, line-spacing 50cm；Preseeding irrigation vola water seeps lower soil slightly to water
When dry and soft scattered, the seed furrow of deep 3~4cm, wide 3~5cm are opened, seed is uniformly sprinkled into seed furrow, timely 1~2cm of earthing is broadcast
Kind amount is 1.5-2.5kg per acre.
In the breeding method of above-mentioned stock, the management method of weeding and rich water are as follows: should water in due course after insemination and emergence, every time
Between to pour water after transplantation of seedlings；It irrigates and to weed with a hoe after rainfall, keep nursery loosing soil without weeds；It is wanted before Fast-growing stage
Top dressing respectively imposes a N P and K quick-acting fertilizer in early June and mid-July, and dosage is per hectare 100-150kg, is filled after top dressing
Water.
In the breeding method of above-mentioned stock, rapidly due to the growth of locust tree seedling, to prevent excessive growth, nurturing staff, 7 to August
Tip top can be destroyed 1~2 time.
In step (1), the selection criteria of stock are as follows: seedling stem is logical straight, and height of seedling is greater than 1.5cm, no disease pest in 2m or more, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
Harm.
In step (2), it is mid or late Febuary, 8~10cm of spike length of scion, fringe thick 0.5 that the adopting of umbrella shape locust tree scion, which cuts the time,
~1.0cm.The present invention has carried out experimental study to the rugosity of scion, and scion rugosity increases, plant hormone and nutrition in
Content of material is consequently increased, and is conducive to scion rudiment and is survived；But scion also should not be excessively thick, its degree of lignification of excessively thick scion
It is higher, scion rudiment survival rate is reduced instead.As a result, it has been found that the rugosity of scion is 0.5~1.0cm, scion rudiment is survived
Rate highest.
In step (2), the method used is grafted as cleft graft or bag connection；
Specific step is as follows for the cleft graft:
Scion lower end is whittled into double inclined plane, long 1.5~2cm, truncate at the high 1.5m of stock, insertion of riving among section
Scion will make scion and stock have the alignment of side xylem；Degradable plastic film bondage interface is used after connecing.
Specific step is as follows for the bag connection:
Stock upper section is whittled into the inclined-plane of 1cm long, seedling stem is pinched with hand and is pinched to high the pushing away on one side in inclined-plane, make xylem with
Bast separate to be formed it is bag-shaped；Scion lower end is whittled into monocline face, long 1.5~2cm, and respectively cuts one in the two sides of inclined-plane reverse side
Knife is degree to expose the forming layer of green；The scion anti-plug cut is entered in " pouch " of stock, insertion depth will at least reach
2/3 or more of inclined-plane cannot cause seedling stem cortex to crack；Degradable plastic film bondage interface is used after connecing.
In above-mentioned cleft graft and bag connection, the present invention uses Degradable plastic film bondage interface, the gas permeability of such material
It is good, be conducive to improve graft survival rate, and do not have to unbundlings after surviving, section eliminates one step from the process, and does not have white pollution.
In step (3), the method for rich water and soil management are as follows: view soil moisture situation is watered in due course；In early June and 7
The middle of the month respectively imposes a N P and K quick-acting fertilizer, and dosage is per hectare 100-150kg, pours water after top dressing；It irrigates and is wanted after rainfall
It weeds with a hoe, keeps nursery loosing soil without weeds.
In step (3), the method for cutting back pruning are as follows: when young sprout reaches 30cm long, carry out the 1st cutting back, cut tip top
15cm；When second level young sprout reaches 30cm long, the 2nd cutting back is carried out, tip top 15cm is cut；When three-level young sprout reaches 30cm long, into
The 3rd cutting back of row, cuts tip top 15cm；Stop until autumn ultimogeniture is long, branch binds.The present invention uses above-mentioned cutting back pruning side
Method, it is therefore an objective to increase the quantity that branch is sprouted in scion, form shape of growing thickly, cultivate grafting current year can young at umbrella shape tree crown
Shape.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention for the first time connects umbrella shape locust tree height on common locust tree, and carries out cutting back pruning, and grafting current year can
Umbrella shape tree crown blank is cultivated into, being successfully realized becomes arbor for the umbrella shape locust tree of short shrub, can be used as cities and towns shade tree
Greenland Application is carried out, the ornamental value and utilization and extention value of umbrella shape locust tree are improved.The present invention also by cultivation to stock,
The adjustment and optimization of the methods of management after selection, scion and the stock combination method of scion and scion insertion technology, are realized
The significantly improving of survival rate.And the technology of the present invention method is simple and easy, and cost is relatively low, and profitable, economic value is high.
(2) principal element for influencing grafting survival has the pipe after the affinity of scion and stock, the technology of grafting and grafting
Reason.So-called affinity is exactly scion and stock in internal organizational structure, physiology and genetically, mutually the same or close, thus
The ability that can be combined with each other.Affinity is high, then high graft survival rate, conversely, then graft survival rate is low.Umbrella shape locust tree is
The mutation of locust tree is shrub, and there are Species differences between arbor locust tree, the survival rate that will lead to its grafting is not high.Therefore, it
It obtains ideal graft survival rate (85% or more), key link is graft technology and the management after connecing.The present invention is to stock
Heading height, the selection of scion, engrafting method, nursery stock management are optimized with pruning method etc., improve umbrella shape locust tree and
The graft survival rate of common locust tree, using method of the invention, graft survival rate is up to 90% or more.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific example, the present invention will be further elaborated, it should which explanation, following embodiments are only
In order to explain the present invention, its content is not defined.
Embodiment 1: the cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree
Specific cultural method is as follows:
1. rootstock seedling is cultivated:
Choose the seed of locust tree Seed multiplication base production or the common Robinia pseudoacacia Seeds through screening, presoaking and germinating.With 80~90 DEG C
Soaking in hot water for 24 hours, pulls water swelling seed out and waits for vernalization, reprocesses 2~3 times to the solids seed of non-imbibition, until 80%
Until seed water swelling.It by water swelling seed heat and moisture preserving vernalization, is rinsed once with clear water daily, prevents seed is viscous from becoming hair
It is mould, 3~4 day time is about needed, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow to the sprouting of about 70% seed germ.Sowing ground will plough deeply site preparation, organic fertilizer
Or farmyard manure makees base manure.Make bed, sowing, the wide 1m in seedbed, north-south, every 3 row of sowing in bed, line-spacing 50cm.Preseeding irrigation vola water, to water
When soil is slightly dry and soft scattered under seeping, the seed furrow of deep 3~4cm, wide 3~5cm are opened, seed is uniformly sprinkled into seed furrow, is covered in time
1~2cm of soil.Application rate 2kg or so per acre.It can emerge within 8~10 days after broadcasting.The first time thinning as 3~4cm of height of seedling, removes weak
Seedling.With backsight seedling growth density, then thinning 1~2 time.Between go out transplantation of seedlings utilize.The final singling in 10~15cm of height of seedling,
Away from 30cm.Should water in due course after insemination and emergence, every time between to pour water after transplantation of seedlings.It irrigates and to weed with a hoe after rainfall, keep
Nursery loosing soil is without weeds.Top dressing is wanted before Fast-growing stage, it is quick-acting respectively to impose a N P and K in early June and mid-July
Fertilizer, dosage per hectare 100-150kg, pours water after top dressing.Rapidly due to the growth of locust tree seedling, to prevent excessive growth, nurturing staff, 7
Tip top can be destroyed 1~2 time to August.
2. Root-stock selection is done with fixed:
Stock is done with the annual locust tree tree seedling of cultivation.The standard of selection rootstock seedling is that seedling stem is logical straight, height of seedling 2m with
On, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is greater than 1.5cm, no disease pest harm.Grafting namely heading height are 1.5m at height of seedling 1.5m.
3. grafting:
Mid or late Febuary, which adopts, cuts umbrella shape locust tree scion, it is desirable that 8~10cm of spike length, the thick 0.5~1.0cm of fringe, both ends notch wax
Envelope, sand storage is in the in the shade place that cools.It is grafted using cleft graft or bag connection, is carried out before locust tree stock tree bud is sprouted in spring.Cleft grafting
Method is that scion lower end is whittled into double inclined plane, and long 1.5~2cm, truncate at the high 1.5m of stock, insertion of riving among section connects
Fringe will make scion and stock have the alignment of side xylem；With degradable plastic film bondage interface after connecing.Bag connection is will to cut on stock
Face is whittled into the inclined-plane of 1cm long, pinches seedling stem with hand and pinches to high the pushing away on one side in inclined-plane, xylem is made to separate to form bag with bast
Shape.Scion lower end is whittled into monocline face, long 1.5~2cm, and respectively cuts a knife in the two sides of inclined-plane reverse side, to expose the shape of green
Stratification is degree.The scion anti-plug cut is entered in " pouch " of stock, insertion depth will at least reach 2/3 of inclined-plane or more, no
Seedling stem cortex can be caused to crack.Degradable plastic film bondage interface is used after connecing.
4. nursery stock management and trimming:
Rich water and soil management are reinforced to grafting, depending on soil moisture situation, watered in due course.In early June and mid-July
A N P and K quick-acting fertilizer is respectively imposed, dosage per hectare 100-150kg pours water after top dressing.It irrigates and to weed with a hoe after rainfall,
Keep nursery loosing soil without weeds.Pay attention to preventing harm of the early summer locust tree aphid to the newborn young tip, if it find that aphid sends out
It is raw, imidacloprid or decis medical fluid can be sprayed, is sprayed within every 7~10 days once, continuous spraying 3 times.It is not required to smear after scion rudiment
Bud carries out the 1st cutting back, cuts the tip top 15cm when young sprout reaches 30cm long.When second level young sprout reaches 30cm long, carry out the 2nd time
Cutting back cuts tip top 15cm.When three-level young sprout reaches 30cm long, the 3rd cutting back is carried out, tip top 15cm is cut.Until autumn ultimogeniture
Long to stop, branch binds, and current year grafting can cultivate into umbrella shape tree crown blank.
5. Planting management:
Umbrella shape locust tree grafting planting survival rate highest before early spring rudiment.Shade tree spacing in the rows is advisable with 2m or 3m, plant
Cave specification 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, bottom apply 5~7kg organic fertilizer and make base manure.It waters immediately after cultivation, plant pit is filled permeable.10
Primary saturating ground water is poured after it, again to guarantee that sapling survives.It no longer needs to trim after sapling rudiment, is allowed to young sprout growth.Current year can be grown
At the tree crown of diameter 1m or so.
Comparative example 1:
The annual locust tree tree seedling cultivated using identical breeding method grafts the scion of umbrella shape locust tree as stock.Comparison
The difference of 1 method of method and embodiment of example 1 is: the heading height of stock is 2.0m in comparative example 1.
Comparative example 2:
The annual locust tree tree seedling cultivated using identical breeding method grafts the scion of umbrella shape locust tree as stock.Comparison
The difference of 1 method of method and embodiment of example 2 is: the rugosity of scion is 0.3~0.4cm in comparative example 2.
Comparative example 3:
The annual locust tree tree seedling cultivated using identical breeding method grafts the scion of umbrella shape locust tree as stock.Comparison
The difference of 1 method of method and embodiment of example 3 is: the rugosity of scion is 1.2~1.4cm in comparative example 3.
Comparative example 4:
The annual locust tree tree seedling cultivated using identical breeding method grafts the scion of umbrella shape locust tree as stock.Comparison
The difference of 1 method of method and embodiment of example 4 is: for bondage material used in grafting part interface by common in comparative example 4
Plastic film is improved to degradable plastic film.
Test example: survival rate statistical test
Using embodiment 1, the method for comparative example 1-3, scale seedling raising test is carried out, test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
| Processing | Graft strain number | Survive strain number | Average survival (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 300 | 276 | 92 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 252 | 84 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 246 | 82 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 256 | 85 |
As seen from the above table, using breeding method of the invention, umbrella shape locust tree transferring on common locust tree can be significantly improved
It is connected into motility rate.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cultural method of umbrella shape locust tree shade tree, which comprises the following steps:
(1) stock selecting with it is fixed dry: select annual locust tree tree seedling as stock, heading height 1.5m；
(2) it grafts: adopting and cut umbrella shape locust tree scion, both ends notch is with sealing with wax, and sand storage is in the in the shade place that cools, before sprouting to stock tree bud
It is grafted, obtains grafting；
(3) nursery stock management and trimming: reinforcing liquid manure and soil management to grafting, is not required to carry out bud picking after scion rudiment, to new
When the tip reaches 30cm long, cutting back pruning is carried out；(4) transplanting and management: grafting is transplanted before early spring rudiment, shade tree spacing in the rows
For 2-3m, the bottom of planting hole applies 5-7kg organic fertilizer and makees base manure, waters immediately after cultivation, and it is permeable to transplant hole irrigation, after 10-12 days
Primary saturating ground water is poured again to no longer need to trim after sapling rudiment to guarantee that sapling survives, and is allowed to young sprout growth；
Wherein, in step (1), the breeding method of stock are as follows: by seed that locust tree Seed multiplication base produces or common thorn through screening
Chinese scholartree seed, presoaking and germinating are sowed after the sprouting of 70% or more seed germ shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, emerge within after planting 8-10 days, work as height of seedling
Small and weak seedling is removed in first time thinning when 3-4cm, and according to seedling growth density, then thinning 1-2 times, the transplantation of seedlings gone out is utilized；?
Final singling when height of seedling 10-15cm, and reinforce weeding and fertilizer and water management；
The method of the presoaking and germinating are as follows: for 24 hours with 80~90 DEG C of Soaking in hot water, pull water swelling seed out and wait for vernalization, to not inhaling
Swollen solids seed reprocesses 2~3 times, until 80% or more seed water swelling；Water swelling seed is kept the temperature
It moisturizing vernalization 3~4 days, is rinsed daily with clear water primary；
In step (2), the method used is grafted as cleft graft；
Specific step is as follows for the cleft graft: scion lower end being whittled into double inclined plane, long 1.5~2cm is put down at the high 1.5m of stock
It cuts, rives among section and be inserted into scion, scion and stock to be made to have the alignment of side xylem；With degradable plastic film bondage after connecing
Interface；
In step (3), the method for cutting back pruning are as follows: when young sprout reaches 30cm long, carry out the 1st cutting back, cut tip top 15cm；To
When second level young sprout reaches 30cm long, the 2nd cutting back is carried out, tip top 15cm is cut；When three-level young sprout reaches 30cm long, carry out the 3rd time
Cutting back cuts tip top 15cm；Stop until autumn ultimogeniture is long, branch binds.
2. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the selection criteria of stock are as follows: seedling stem is logical
Directly, for height of seedling in 2m or more, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is greater than 1.5cm, no disease pest harm.
3. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the adopting of umbrella shape locust tree scion cuts the time and be
Mid or late Febuary, 8~10cm of spike length of scion, the thick 0.5~1.0cm of fringe.
4. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the method for rich water and soil management are as follows:
Depending on soil moisture situation, water in due course；A N P and K quick-acting fertilizer is respectively imposed in early June and mid-July, dosage is per hectare
100-150kg pours water after top dressing；It irrigates and to weed with a hoe after rainfall, keep nursery loosing soil without weeds.
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| CN110024575A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-19 | 邹慧芳 | A kind of Quick-forming breeding method of graceful big tree crown arbor winterberry euonymus herb |
| CN111727798B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-03-25 | 山西农业大学 | Short trunk umbrella frame-shaped tree form culture method for cerasus humilis |
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| CN103141312A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-06-12 | 南京林业大学 | Grafting and seedling raising method for European hornbeam |
| CN104885795B (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2017-09-05 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving locust tree graft survival rate |
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