CN100421542C - Grafting cultivation method for chrysanthemum morifolium - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method for chrysanthemum morifolium Download PDFInfo
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- CN100421542C CN100421542C CNB200510094103XA CN200510094103A CN100421542C CN 100421542 C CN100421542 C CN 100421542C CN B200510094103X A CNB200510094103X A CN B200510094103XA CN 200510094103 A CN200510094103 A CN 200510094103A CN 100421542 C CN100421542 C CN 100421542C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a cultivation method of a cut chrysanthemum, which solves the problems of high demand for water and fertilizer management, low growing amount of chrysanthemums and poor disease resistance in the existing planting method. The present invention is characterized in that the cultivation method of a cut chrysanthemum is provided, wormwood sprouts are used as parental stocks, chrysanthemums with high quality are used as grafted seedlings to graft, the grafted seedlings are transplanted, field management is carried out, and the grafted seedlings are harvested finally. The cut chrysanthemums are produced by the grafting method; the root systems of the cut chrysanthemums are wild southernwoods, caraways or artemisia stellerianas, which has the characteristics of strong root system, strong absorbing ability, strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, tolerance to extensive management, etc. Consequently, the quality of cut chrysanthemums and the disease resistance of cut chrysanthemums are enhanced, and the problem of the auto-toxic phenomenon of cut chrysanthemums is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of cut-flower chrysanthemum.
Background technology
The cut-flower chrysanthemum is one of the world's four big cut-flowers, and its consumption ranks first in cut-flower production, and the production of China and world cut-flower chrysanthemum at present all adopts chrysanthemum cuttage seeding, tissue cultivating seedling to produce.There is following problem in this method:
1, require to have higher water and fertilizer management technology: the cut-flower chrysanthemum requires very high to liquid manure in process of production, the enterprise of domestic production cut-flower chrysanthemum water and fertilising aspect all carried out great amount of investment, with the liquid manure supply that guarantees to produce the cut-flower chrysanthemum, if moisture (or even once in a while) is higher or arid, cut-flower chrysanthemum root system all can be hurt, thereby influences the quality of cut-flower chrysanthemum.Particularly export to the cut-flower chrysanthemum of Japan, the quality of requirement is very high, and quality problems directly influence the economic benefit of cut-flower chrysanthemum manufacturing enterprise.
2, the chrysanthemum amount of growth is less: the production requirement of cut-flower chrysanthemum has certain long and rugosity of branch, with cuttage seeding or tissue cultivating seedling production, since growing way a little less than, or the influence of other factors (as continuous cropping, culture technique, climatic factor etc.), its branchiness is the 2-3 branch, the not enough phenomenon of amount of growth often occurs, gently then downgrades, reduce price, heavy then can not export or go on the market.
3, resistance against diseases is relatively poor: the cut-flower chrysanthemum produces because planting density is big, washiness, illumination are poor, often causes leaf diseases easily, as black spot etc., causes bottom Huang Ye, disleave, influences the quality of cut-flower chrysanthemum.
4, root system is arranged from malicious phenomenon: root system occurs from malicious phenomenon behind the cut-flower chrysanthemum continuous cropping, along with the increase of production time and continuous cropping number of times, the toxin that the chrysanthemum root system produces influences the growth of chrysanthemum of following season, cause that amount of growth reduces, damage by disease and insect increases, and needs crop rotation or soil removal and replacement to solve, and increases production cost.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the grafting cultivation method that the cut-flower chrysanthemum that a kind of, resistance against diseases suitable to the liquid manure requirement is strong, the growth total amount increases is provided.
Concrete cultivation method of operating is as follows:
The grafting cultivation method of cut-flower chrysanthemum is characterized in that:
Comprise following operating procedure:
Seedling-cultivating method:
1), the wormwood artemisia seedling is cultivated
Yellow wormwood artemisia, sweet wormwood, Artemisia stelleriana seed were soaked in water 5-7 hour, in the time of 2.5-3.5 hour, change one time water, full seed is placed on 25 degree insulating boxs carries out vernalization processing 3-5 days, both can evenly sowing on whole good seedbed when the 1/3-1/2 seed germination is arranged, every square metre of sowing quantity is the 0.1-0.15 gram; Young plant growth preference temperature 20-30 degree moves in the time of height of seedling 2-3 centimetre in the dish of cave, 32 cave and cultivates, and carries out grafting in the time of height of seedling 12-14 centimetre;
2), scion is cultivated
Selected chrysanthemum kind is planted in the cutting orchard, seeding row spacing 20*20 centimetre, when growing to 8-12 centimetre, the chrysanthemum seedling takes the lead, beat once head every 18-22 days later on, to lift one's head as much as possible, grafting stopped to take the lead in preceding 20 days; Preceding 3-5 days of grafting, cutting orchard will be made a call to plant disease and insect pest medicine one time, and the scion that assurance is grown does not have damage by disease and insect;
3), grafting:
The chrysanthemum grafting should be carried out in plastic tunnel, adopt cleft grafting or side grafting method all can, be stock with yellow wormwood artemisia seedling, sweet wormwood seedling, Artemisia stelleriana seedling, be the grafting fringe with the chrysanthemum head of laying;
4), grafting management:
Be placed on grafting under the booth after the grafting or sunshade off the net, in time water, can not be too arid, survive otherwise can influence, survived in the general 6-8 of grafting days, transplanted in 11-13 days;
The cultivation of cut-flower chrysanthemum:
1), addressing:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum growth should be selected in and have a good transport service, soil property is fertile, hydroelectric facility is complete, the plot of booth facility is arranged, and conditions such as light, shading will be heated, be added to anti-season production;
2), plant:
Answer soil deeptillage before planting, can execute farmyard manure 4-6 cube for every mu; Beat the wide furrow face of 0.8-1.2 rice when planting, 25-35 centimetre wide operation ditch, every furrow plantation 6 row, line-spacing 13-16 centimetre, spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre, mu field planting 2-3 ten thousand strains;
3), water:
Will water once permeablely after chrysanthemum is planted, root system and soil are connected airtight, it is better with the method for drip irrigation or little spray to water; Growing state according to weather, soil and chrysanthemum waters later on, guarantees to have than enough moisture for the chrysanthemum growth;
4), fertilising:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum spraying fertilizer after plantation survives, in conjunction with watering, chased after urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixings liquid fertilizer in per 10 days, and chrysanthemum grows in earlier stage that urea accounts for 2/3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 1/3, promotes to nourish and grow; Later stage urea accounts for 1/3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 2/3, promotes to bloom.
5), the extermination of disease and insect pest:
After the cut-flower chrysanthemum is planted, will water systemic pesticide one time, and make chrysanthemum growth plant in early stage that certain agricultural chemicals be arranged, can effectively prevent and treat various insects, broad-spectrum germicide of spray in later per 10 days and insecticide;
6, add anti-down net:
When cut-flower chrysanthemum length arrives 25-30 centimetre, to add anti-down net in the above, with lodging-prevention.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
1, adopt the inventive method to produce the cut-flower chrysanthemum, yellow, blue or green, Artemisia stelleriana seed insulating box 25 degree break bud: through breaking bud, the rootstock seedling germination neat and consistent of producing helps later management, and requires relatively low to liquid manure.Adopt the cave dish in 32 caves, can directly in the dish of cave, carry out grafting, improve grafting speed, reduce production link, thereby reduce production cost.
2, adopt the inventive method to improve the quality of production of chrysanthemum, under identical working condition, the growth total amount can increase 15-20%.
3, adopt the inventive method to produce the cut-flower chrysanthemum, the root system of grafting young plant is a stock, has that root system is powerful, absorbing capacity is strong, adaptability is strong, obviously improves the resistance against diseases of cut-flower chrysanthemum, eugonic advantage, and its branchiness is brought up to and can be divided the 4-5 branch.
4, the inventive method has solved the root system of cut-flower chrysanthemum continuous cropping from malicious problem.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described by embodiment.
Embodiment:
Whole production technological process as seen from Figure 1, as follows in conjunction with flowchart text:
Adapt to kind: different regions require different to cut-flower chrysanthemum kind, as liking candida species in Japanese major part, think pure and symbol of friendship, then often link together with beravements in China.
For taking time or the market demand: the cut-flower chrysanthemum is fresh goods, essential sale in time after producing, otherwise will lose commodity value, the price difference that chrysanthemum is produced along price of producing season and anti-season is very big, so, the production of cut-flower chrysanthemum should be chosen in the big and output of demand few season (as the Spring Festival, Valentine's Day, the Ching Ming Festival etc.), can obtain better economic benefit.
Seedling-cultivating method:
1), the wormwood artemisia seedling is cultivated:
Yellow wormwood artemisia, sweet wormwood, Artemisia stelleriana seed were soaked in water 5-7 hour, seed is fully absorbed water, in the time of 2.5-3.5 hour, change one time water, wash in a pan and remove top floating not full seed, full seed is placed on 25 degree insulating boxs breaks bud processing 3-5 days, both can evenly sowing on whole good seedbed when the 1/3-1/2 seed germination is arranged, every square metre of sowing quantity is the 0.1-0.15 gram.Young plant growth preference temperature 20-30 degree moves in the time of height of seedling 2-3 centimetre in the dish of cave, 32 cave and cultivates, and carries out grafting about height of seedling 12-14 centimetre.
Yellow, blue or green, Artemisia stelleriana seed insulating box 25 degree break bud: through breaking bud, the rootstock seedling germination neat and consistent of producing helps later management.Adopt the cave dish in 32 caves, can directly in the dish of cave, carry out grafting, improve grafting speed, reduce production link, thereby reduce production cost.
2), scion is cultivated:
Selected chrysanthemum kind is planted in the cutting orchard, and cutting orchard breaks into 1 meter wide furrow, plants four lines, seeding row spacing 20*20 centimetre uses sufficient base fertilizer, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest, takes the lead when the chrysanthemum seedling is grown to 8-12 centimetre, beat once head every 18-22 days later on, lift one's head as much as possible, grafting stopped to take the lead in preceding 20 days.Preceding 3-5 days of grafting, cutting orchard will be made a call to plant disease and insect pest medicine one time, and the scion that assurance is grown does not have damage by disease and insect.
3), grafting:
The chrysanthemum grafting should be carried out in plastic tunnel, with cleft grafting or side grafting method all can, be to improve grafting speed, grafting should be adopted pipelining, adopt first people, cut scion one people, cut a mouthful people, grafting binding three people, general labourer one people by one group of seven people, carries out grafting on operating desk, speed is fast, the survival rate height.
Side grafting, cleft grafting: refer to grafting method.Side grafting is to cut off after stock top survives in the grafting of stock central incision; Cleft grafting is after stock top is cut off, and rives from the centre and carries out grafting.Two kinds of sides all can use.
With yellow wormwood artemisia seedling, sweet wormwood seedling, Artemisia stelleriana seedling is stock, is the grafting fringe with the chrysanthemum head of laying.
4), grafting management:
Be placed on grafting under the booth after the grafting or sunshade off the net, water on time, can not be too arid, survive otherwise can influence, survived in the general 6-8 of grafting days, transplanted in 11-13 days.
The cultivation of cut-flower chrysanthemum:
1), addressing:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum growth should be selected in and have a good transport service, soil property is fertile, hydroelectric facility is complete, the plot of booth facility is arranged, and conditions such as light, shading will be heated, be added to anti-season production.
2), plant:
Answer soil deeptillage before planting, make loosing soil ventilative, use sufficient base manure, can execute farmyard manure 4-6 cube for every mu, farmyard manure adds the bone meal chicken manure with edible fungi leftovers to be mixed thoroughly, stacks to become thoroughly decomposed more than 6 months.Beat the wide furrow face of 0.8-1.2 rice when planting, 25-35 centimetre wide operation ditch, every furrow plantation 6 row, line-spacing 13-16 centimetre, spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre, mu field planting 2-3 ten thousand strains (as plant the back and beat once head, a strain can be produced 2 sprays, and planting can be by 20,000 strain, if do not take the lead, a flower is produced in one strain, mu field planting 30,000 strains), produce ten thousand of fresh flower 3-4 for every mu.
3), water:
Will water once permeablely after chrysanthemum is planted, root system and soil are connected airtight, it is better with the method for drip irrigation or little spray to water.Growing state according to weather, soil and chrysanthemum waters later on, guarantees to have than enough moisture for the chrysanthemum growth.With the method production of grafting, root system is the root system of wild wormwood artemisia, so root system is powerful, and absorbing capacity is strong, and the management of moisture is more extensive relatively than the production with cuttage seeding.
4), fertilising:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum fertilising divides base manure and topdresses, and base manure is based on fertilizer, and during whole ground, mu is executed 5 cubes of farmyard manures, 30 kilograms in nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer.After surviving, in conjunction with watering, chased after the urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer of 500 times of concentration in per 10 days, the chrysanthemum growth is in earlier stage based on urea, and the later stage is based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5), the extermination of disease and insect pest:
After the cut-flower chrysanthemum is planted, will water systemic pesticide one time, and make chrysanthemum growth plant in early stage that certain agricultural chemicals be arranged, can effectively prevent and treat various insects, broad-spectrum germicide of spray in later per 10 days and insecticide, bactericide such as carbendazim, zineb, Bordeaux etc.; Insecticide is clean etc. as ten thousand spirits, Le Siben, Imidacloprid, aphid lice, and cut-flower chrysanthemum, especially Chu Kou cut-flower chrysanthemum require very strictly aspect the extermination of disease and insect pest, especially to the damage by disease and insect of quarantine property, if prevent and treat badly, will cause serious economy loss.
6), add anti-down net:
When cut-flower chrysanthemum length arrives 25-30 centimetre, will add anti-down net in the above, with lodging-prevention, way is identical with the method production of using cuttage seeding.
By the young plant of producing with the method for grafting.The root system of grafting young plant is a stock, has advantages such as root system is powerful, absorbing capacity is strong, adaptability is strong, disease resistance is strong, growth is vigorous.The top of grafting young plant is improved seeds, has good proterties in pattern, flower type, branch each side such as long.Therefore, the cut-flower chrysanthemum of producing with the method for grafting has the incomparable growth vigor of cuttage seeding.
Claims (1)
1. the grafting cultivation method of cut-flower chrysanthemum is characterized in that:
Comprise following operating procedure:
Seedling-cultivating method:
1), the wormwood artemisia seedling is cultivated
Yellow wormwood artemisia, sweet wormwood, Artemisia stelleriana seed were soaked in water 5-7 hour, in the time of 2.5-3.5 hour, change one time water, full seed is placed on 25 degree insulating boxs carries out vernalization processing 3-5 days, when having waited 1/3-1/2 seed germination, evenly sowing on whole good seedbed, every square metre of sowing quantity is the 0.1-0.15 gram; Young plant growth preference temperature 20-30 degree moves in the time of height of seedling 2-3 centimetre in the dish of cave and cultivates, and carries out grafting in the time of height of seedling 12-14 centimetre;
2), scion is cultivated
Selected chrysanthemum kind is planted in the cutting orchard, seeding row spacing 20*20 centimetre, when growing to 8-12 centimetre, the chrysanthemum seedling takes the lead, beat once head every 18-22 days later on, to lift one's head as much as possible, grafting stopped to take the lead in preceding 20 days; Preceding 3-5 days of grafting, cutting orchard will be made a call to plant disease and insect pest medicine one time, and the scion that assurance is grown does not have damage by disease and insect;
3), grafting:
The chrysanthemum grafting should be carried out in plastic tunnel, adopts cleft grafting or side grafting method, is stock with yellow wormwood artemisia seedling, sweet wormwood seedling, Artemisia stelleriana seedling, is the grafting fringe with the chrysanthemum head of laying;
4), grafting management:
Be placed on grafting under the booth after the grafting or sunshade off the net, in time water, survived in the general 6-8 of grafting days, transplanted in 11-13 days;
The cultivation of cut-flower chrysanthemum:
1), addressing:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum growth should be selected in and have a good transport service, soil property is fertile, hydroelectric facility is complete, the plot of booth facility is arranged, and light, shading condition will be heated, be added to anti-season production;
2), plant:
Answer soil deeptillage before planting, can execute farmyard manure 4-6 cube for every mu; Beat the wide furrow face of 0.8-1.2 rice when planting, 25-35 centimetre wide operation ditch, every furrow plantation 6 row, line-spacing 13-16 centimetre, spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre, mu field planting 2-3 ten thousand strains;
3), water:
Will water once permeablely after chrysanthemum is planted, root system and soil are connected airtight, water with the method for drip irrigation or little spray; Growing state according to weather, soil and chrysanthemum waters later on, guarantees to have than enough moisture for the chrysanthemum growth;
4), fertilising:
Cut-flower chrysanthemum spraying fertilizer after plantation survives, in conjunction with watering, chased after urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixings liquid fertilizer in per 10 days, and chrysanthemum grows in earlier stage that urea accounts for 2/3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 1/3, promotes to nourish and grow; Later stage urea accounts for 1/3, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 2/3, promotes to bloom;
5), the extermination of disease and insect pest:
After the cut-flower chrysanthemum is planted, will water systemic pesticide one time, and make chrysanthemum growth plant in early stage that certain agricultural chemicals be arranged, can effectively prevent and treat various insects, broad-spectrum germicide of spray in later per 10 days and insecticide;
6), add anti-down net:
When cut-flower chrysanthemum length arrives 25-30 centimetre, to add anti-down net in the above, with lodging-prevention.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510094103XA CN100421542C (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2005-08-26 | Grafting cultivation method for chrysanthemum morifolium |
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| CNB200510094103XA CN100421542C (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2005-08-26 | Grafting cultivation method for chrysanthemum morifolium |
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| CN1826863A CN1826863A (en) | 2006-09-06 |
| CN100421542C true CN100421542C (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102106239B (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-05-23 | 南京农业大学 | Method for improving yield and quality of dendranthema morifolium cutting by utilizing grafting |
| CN103688766B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-03-18 | 南通安立可农产品科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of golden chrysanthemum |
| CN105103970A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-02 | 福建神农后人生物科技有限公司 | Standardized cultivation method for Tingjiangfei chrysanthemums |
| CN107460624A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-12 | 常州克德制网有限公司 | The production technology and anti-dumping inclined wire of fishing net eliminant industrial crops anti-dumping inclined wire |
| CN107873358A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 黄位勇 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Java brucea |
| CN112273075A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2021-01-29 | 山东农业大学 | Simple and efficient chrysanthemum grafting method |
| CN110896744A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-24 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua |
| CN115053706A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-16 | 安徽淮仁堂药业股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi |
-
2005
- 2005-08-26 CN CNB200510094103XA patent/CN100421542C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
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| 菊花. 林业科技通讯，第8期. 1999 |
| 菊花. 林业科技通讯，第8期. 1999 * |
| 菊花嫁接技术. 张海琴.安徽林业，第6期. 2002 |
| 菊花嫁接技术. 张海琴.安徽林业，第6期. 2002 * |
| 菊花的繁殖和栽培管理. 王星等.西南园艺，第28卷第4期. 2000 |
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