CN111108991A

CN111108991A - Tilia miqueliana container seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN111108991A
Application number: CN201811309927.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊豫武; 芦治国; 施钦
Original assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2018-11-01
Filing date: 2018-11-01
Publication date: 2020-05-08

Abstract

Tilia miqueliana Maxim seed container seedling raising and seedling raising technology belongs to the technical field of artificial plant propagation, and particularly relates to a Tilia miqueliana Maxim container seedling raising technology. The seedling raising process has strict requirements on technical links such as seed harvesting, storage, substrate disinfection and the like, and adopts a proper substrate formula, a unified sowing specification and a reasonable seedling management scheme, so that the seed emergence rate is improved, the sexual propagation efficiency of tilia henryana is greatly improved, and a material basis is provided for popularization and application of tilia henryana.

Description

Tilia miqueliana container seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a sowing and seedling raising method, in particular to a method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana Maxim seeds by sowing and seedling raising.

Background

Tilia miqueliana (scientific name: Tilia henryana) is a plant of Tilia of Tiliaceae. Tilia bassiana is a tree which is distributed in the south and north of China and is an excellent tree species with extremely high economic value in China. The basswood is white, light and soft in material and fine in texture, is a main material for manufacturing plywood, and can be used for manufacturing cabinets, doors and windows or used for woodcarving; the board is used as a chopping board for cutting vegetables by residents in forest areas. Because it is fine, dense, light and soft, has small expansion and contraction force and does not deform, and is also an important material species in construction, the name of broad-leaved red pine is plain. In fact, the linden tree is the important honey source plant which is most worthy of being called. Various bees like their nectar. The spring end is opened with the small white flowers of the trees, so that the jasmine-like fragrance of the drunk people is made to float in the air. The linden honey has crystal color, is mellow and sweet, contains more glucose, fructose, vitamins, amino acids, hormones, enzymes and esters than common honey, has various curative effects of enriching blood, moistening lung, relieving cough and thirst, promoting cell regeneration, increasing appetite, relieving pain and the like, and is an inexorable good product in honey. Linden tree is also one of the four street trees in the world, and the other three trees are horse chestnut, sycamore and elm.

Tilia tomentose is distributed in Shaanxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yangtze river basin, Hubei, Henan and other places in the continental province of China, grows in the area with the altitude of 600-1300 m, and is artificially introduced and cultivated at present. The tree state characteristics are as follows: terminal buds, twigs, leaf backs, bracts, ovaries and fruits are all brownish yellow star-like hairy. Leaf-round shape, length 6-10 cm, wide and round tip, short tip and tail, heart-shaped base, regular or oblique, sometimes truncated, 5-6 pairs of side pulse, sawtooth at edge, and 3-5 mm long protruding from the end of side pulse; the leaf stalk is 3-5 cm long, the parasol inflorescence is 10-12 cm long, and most flowers are grown; the length of the flower stalk is 7-9 mm; the bud sheet is narrow and is inverted needle-shaped, the length is 7-10 cm, the width is 1-1.3 cm, the tip is blunt, the base is narrow, the lower half part is 3-5 cm and is combined with the inflorescence stalk, and the length of the stalk at the base is 7-20 mm; the sepals are egg-shaped, 4-5 mm long, and have hair on the outside; the length of the petal is 6-7 mm; degenerated stamen petal shape, shorter than petals; the stamen and sepals are equal in length; the length of the flower column is 4 mm. The fruit is inverted egg-shaped, 7-9 mm long, and has 5 edges. The flowering period is 6 months, and the seed maturation period is 11 months. The important features of the tree species are: the branches and leaves are coated with yellow star-shaped trichomes, the leaves are round, and saw teeth are provided with long mango-shaped dentations.

The current situation of the current reproduction of tilia amurensis has the following problems: the sexual propagation has the defects that the fruit peel of the tree is hard, the water permeability is poor, if the tree is not treated, the germination rate in the year is extremely low, the tree can continuously emerge for two, three or even longer time, the sowing land is occupied for a long time, and the operation cost is increased. The rooting rate of the cutting propagation is very low, and is only about 30%. Therefore, the research on the seed seedling raising method shows that the germination rate of the treated seeds in the current year can reach more than 80%.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a sexual propagation method of tilia miqueliana. The propagation method mainly comprises the following steps: after picking seeds, removing various impurities such as fruit stalks, bracts and the like, rinsing empty grains and unsaturated grains with tap water, drying in the shade in a dry place by using a funnel sieve smaller than the seeds 2/3, and then drying in the shade by using a funnel sieve with the concentration of 14.3mg.L^-1Seeds are soaked in 'Jiu di zero' (gibberellin) for 49h, and finally the seeds are stored in fine sand for about 4 months, and about 78% of the seeds are cracked and white, so that the seeds can be sown. The volume ratio of the seeding matrix formula is garden soil, peat soil and perlite which are 35: 2, sterilizing the matrix for 20min at 121 ℃ in a high-temperature sterilizing pot. The seeds are sowed in 50-hole sowing seedling-raising trays, one seed is sowed in each hole, the whitish part of the seed faces downwards, and the seeds are covered with crushed soil about 2 cm. Covering with agricultural film after sowing, emerging seedlings for 8-12 days, shading after emergence of seedlings to prevent burning of sunlight, and applying pesticide "enemy killing" or "poison gun No. 2" once every half a month. And changing a large nutrition pot when the seedling grows for 65-75 days, wherein the specification is 13cm in diameter and 16cm in height, and the growth and the extension of the root system of the tilia amurensis are facilitated. The emergence rate of tilia tomentosa treated by the kayasu-b-zero (gibberellin) is up to 84%, and the technology is effective, simple and safe. Tilia is one of four main street trees and ornamental tree species in the world and is a famous honey source plant, but the application and popularization of the tree species are restricted because the tree species are difficult to emerge and root by cuttage and the like. The invention provides a simple and effective method for the seed propagation of tilia miqueliana and provides technical guidance for the sexual propagation of tilia miqueliana.

The method comprises the following steps:

A. removing various impurities such as fruit stalks, bracts and the like, rinsing empty grains and unsaturated blighted grains with tap water, and placing the seeds in a dry place for drying in the shade by using a funnel sieve smaller than the seeds 2/3. B. Soaking seeds with 14.3mg.L-1 'Jiu-Di-zero' (gibberellin) for 49h, and storing with fine sand for about 4 months. C. Selecting a seeding nutrition pot: the seeding and seedling raising plate with the specification of 50 holes has the specification that each hole is 5cm in diameter and 8.5cm in height. D. Selection of a seeding matrix: the volume ratio of the seeding substrate formula is pond sludge, peat soil, sawdust and dragon chaff ash is 5: 2: 1, and the substrate is sterilized by a high-temperature sterilization pot. E. Sowing: one seed is sowed in each hole, the white part of the seed faces downwards, the crushed soil is covered for 2cm, and the seeds are covered with an agricultural film after being sowed. F. Seedling management: emergence of seedlings in 8-12 days, shading after emergence of seedlings to prevent burning by sunlight, and killing by enemy or gun No. 2 every half month. H. Transplanting by replacing a nutrition pot: and changing a large nutrition pot when the seedlings grow for 65-75 days, wherein the specification is 13cm in diameter and 15cm in height, and the growth and the extension of the root system of the tilia amurensis are facilitated.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

selecting a mother plant, and collecting fruits:

robust in selective growth potentialGood single plants with correct tree form, no plant diseases and insect pests and tree age of more than 20 years are the seed collecting mother trees. The blooming period of tilia henryi is 6 months to 7 months, the fruits are continuously ripe in 10 months, and the optimal period for harvesting tilia henryi seeds is from the bottom of 10 months to the middle of 11 months. Placing the harvested fruits in shade for 1-2 weeks, removing impurities such as stalk and bract, rinsing with tap water to remove empty grains and unsaturated grains, drying in shade with funnel sieve smaller than seed 2/3, and drying in 14.3mg.L^-1Seeds are soaked in 'Jiu Di Zu' (gibberellin) for 49h, and are stored in fine sand for about 4 months.

Secondly, seeding and seedling raising

And (3) changing a large nutrition pot with the diameter of 13cm and the height of 16cm when the seedling grows to 3 months in the next year, transplanting a substrate and sowing the substrate, adding a proper amount of organic fertilizer, applying a small amount of compound fertilizer in a mixed mode, performing full-illumination spraying cultivation in a high-temperature period after summer, keeping the good ventilation of the greenhouse, and spraying for 3-4 times every day for 3-5min each time. Applying 0.2% urea solution to leaf surface for 6-8 months for 1 time each month. After September, the water supply is reduced, and the container seedlings can safely overwinter in a natural lighting greenhouse. The height of the seedlings growing in the greenhouse for two years can reach 70-80 cm. In 3 rd and 3 rd ten days, the cultivated 2-year-old container seedlings are cultivated in a root control container of 26-46cm in open field. The formula volume ratio of the culture medium is that the peat soil, the loess and the rice husk are mixed and prepared according to the volume ratio of 2: 6: 2. Proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is added. Applying 1% of three-element fertilizer for 4-5 months to sprout leaf buds during transplanting, removing lateral buds sprouting at the base part in time, applying 0.3% urea solution once per half month in 5-6 months, watering in a drip irrigation mode, reducing the leaf surface dressing to once per 30 days in 7-8 months, stopping the leaf surface dressing in the last ten days of September, rotating the container seedlings 180 mouths, and allowing the shady side to receive more sunlight irradiation. In the spring of 4 th year, the cultivated container can be used for greening and afforestation or transplanting street trees.

Claims

1. A method for culturing seedlings of Tilia miqueliana Maxim in a container comprises the steps of seed harvesting, storage, sowing, seedling culturing and transplanting; the method comprises the following specific steps:

with a concentration of 14.3mg.L^-1Seed soaking with "Jiu Di Zu" (gibberellin) 49 smallIn time, the mixture is stored in fine sand for 4 months.

(1) The volume ratio of the seeding matrix formula is pond sludge, peat soil, sawdust and rice chaff ash is 5: 2: 1

(2) Transplanting to 13cm (diameter) x 16cm (height) nutrition pot in the last 3 months of the year 2, transplanting the medium, and sowing the medium together

(3) Transplanting the cultivated 2-year-old container seedlings into a 26-46cm root control container for open field cultivation in the 3 rd and the last 3 th ten days of the year.

(4) The volume ratio of the formula of the culture medium is peat soil, loess and rice husk is 2: 6: 2, and 1% of ternary element fertilizer is applied; 4-5, germinating the bud of the month leaf, and timely removing the lateral bud germinated at the base part; after 5-6 months, 0.3 percent urea solution is applied to the leaf surface once every half month, and watering is carried out in a drip irrigation mode; the leaf dressing is reduced to once per 30 days in 7-8 months; and stopping foliage dressing in the last ten days of 9 months, rotating the container seedlings by 180 degrees, and enabling the shady side of the container seedlings to receive more sunlight.