CN112314381B

CN112314381B - Potted culture method of Chimonanthus praecox

Info

Publication number: CN112314381B
Application number: CN202011264250.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田婷; 任建明
Original assignee: Kaiyuan Yunzhiao Flower Co ltd
Current assignee: Kaiyuan Yunzhiao Flower Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-12
Filing date: 2020-11-12
Publication date: 2023-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-12
Also published as: CN112314381A

Abstract

The culture method of the potted Chimonanthus praecox comprises the following steps of: coconut husk: vermiculite= (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.5): 1 preparing potting soil, filling the potting soil into a flowerpot, selecting the Chimonanthus praecox seedlings with the height of 5cm-8cm in 3-4 months each year, planting the Chimonanthus praecox seedlings by adopting a greenhouse, transplanting the seedlings into the flowerpot, and watering until the moisture completely soaks the potting soil; spraying plant growth hormone after planting for at least 3 days, spraying cytokinin after 15 days, and controlling the temperature in a greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃; pruning is carried out at least twice in the plant growing process, and cytokinin is supplemented and sprayed to leaf surfaces after each pruning; and (3) performing water fertilizer, humidity, illumination and temperature management, performing disinfection and sterilization and pest control, and planting for 8-10 months for sale. According to the method, through a scientific and fine planting method, the death rate of plants is greatly reduced, yellowing of the plants is effectively avoided, the planting cost of potted plants of the Chimonanthus praecox is greatly reduced, and large-scale low-cost planting of the potted plants of the Chimonanthus praecox is realized.

Description

Potted culture method of Chimonanthus praecox

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flower cultivation methods, in particular to a pot culture method of Chimonanthus praecox.

Background

The Japanese wintersweet is also called as Jackerton preserved flower (school name: chamelaucium uncinatum), and the myrtaceae plant has beautiful plum flower shape and waxy and glossy petals. Whether looking close or far away, she does not know that she opens full-tree beautiful flowers for small pine, and that the lovely plum blossom on perennial emerald pine branches. The ornamental vision has rich levels, and the contrast color is large and bright, so that the ornamental vision can be used for observing leaves and flowers. Originally only grows in the western region of Australia, becomes the most important species of the wild woody flowers in the country in Australia, and is the dominant export commodity flower in Australia. It is now widely cultivated, with israel, mexico and south america being their major producers, in addition to the queensland, western australia and other southern australia regions of the nature of australia.

At present, one plant or a plurality of plants are planted in the pot of the Chimonanthus praecox produced in China, but the pot is single in canopy shape and cannot be shaped well. In addition, the death rate of plants is high in the pot cultivation process, yellowing is easy to generate, the pot cultivation cost is high, the number of people for producing the wintersweet pot is small, and the market supply is not required.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects existing in the prior art and provides a culture method for potted Chimonanthus praecox with high survival rate and attractive appearance.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the culture method of the potted Chimonanthus praecox comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation before planting:

a. preparing sterile soil, coconut chaff and vermiculite, sterilizing, and then: coconut husk: vermiculite= (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.5): 1 mass ratio preparing potting soil;

b. sterilizing and disinfecting the flowerpot;

c. selecting Chimonanthus praecox seedlings with the height of 5cm-8cm in 3-4 months per year;

(2) Planting: planting in a greenhouse, filling prepared potting soil into a flowerpot, transplanting selected seedlings to the center of the flowerpot, and watering until water completely permeates the potting soil after the seedlings are planted, wherein the potting soil just covers the roots of the seedlings;

(3) Spraying plant growth hormone:

a. plant growth hormone starts to be used after planting for at least 3 days, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-25 ℃; the application method of the plant growth hormone comprises mixing water with plant growth hormone, directly spraying onto seedling leaf surface, using once every 7-8 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;

b. spraying cytokinin on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings after 15 days of full planting, spraying for 1 time, and controlling the temperature in a greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃;

(4) Pruning: pruning is carried out at least twice in the plant growing process, and cytokinin is supplemented and sprayed to leaf surfaces after each pruning;

(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management:

a. and (3) water management: watering once every 1-2 days in the seedling stage, and watering once every 2-3 days in the middle and later stages;

b. and (3) fertilizer management:

i. seedling stage: starting to fertilize after planting for one month, using 500-1000mg/ml balance fertilizer, and fertilizing once in 7-10 days;

ii. medium phase: fertilizing after planting for 2 months, still using 500-1000mg/ml balance fertilizer, and fertilizing once in 15-20 days;

later stage: applying fertilizer after 5 months of planting, applying 500-800mg/ml balance fertilizer once in 30-50 days, alternately applying 300-500mg/ml high phosphate fertilizer and high potash fertilizer after 6 months of planting, and applying fertilizer once in 60 days;

(6) Humidity and light management: controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 80-90% in the seedling stage, and controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 60-80% after planting for 40 days; the illumination management is to set up a shading net for shading 50% -60% above the young seedling from the young seedling, shade the sun in the whole course, and control the temperature of the greenhouse at 20 ℃ -30 ℃;

(7) Temperature management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the seedling stage, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-30 ℃ after planting for 2 months in the middle stage, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-30 ℃ after planting for 5 months in the later stage, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night at 10-15 ℃ to promote flower bud differentiation;

(8) Sterilizing and pest control: in the whole planting process, sterilizing by using a bactericide, and applying the bactericide to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests;

(9) After planting for 8-10 months, the plant can be sold.

Further, when the seedling stage is smaller than Miao Jianbu and the yellowing symptom appears, the foliage is sprayed after the water is added by the chelate iron, and when the seedling in the middle stage is found to be yellowing symptom, the foliage is sprayed after the water is added by the chelate iron.

Further, the specific trimming mode of the trimming is as follows: when the plants grow to 13-16cm in height, trimming for the first time until the plant height is 8-12cm; when the plants continue to grow to 18-22cm in height, trimming for the second time until the plant height is 10-14cm;

further, 300-500mg/ml cytokinin is used for supplementing and spraying the leaf surface after each trimming; spraying 2000mg/ml chlormequat chloride once in 10-15 days for 2-3 times one month after the last pruning.

Further, the watering of the water management is based on the principle of 'see dry and see wet', namely, a process of drying the pot soil is needed between the two times of watering, and the dry degree is based on the whitening of the soil surface.

Further, the balance fertilizer is a balance water-soluble fertilizer produced by cloud and daily chemical groups or a flower-lacking balance water-soluble fertilizer.

Further, the plant growth hormone is indolebutyric acid, and the cytokinin is brassin.

Further, the bactericide is one or more of hymexazol, carbendazim, imazalil, and cymoxanil.

The invention has at least the following advantages:

1. the yellowing problem of the planting of the Chimonanthus praecox is effectively solved. The most common problem in the planting of wintersweet in australia is yellowing. The invention can take effect in one month by adopting the rational spraying of the chelate iron.

2. Effectively solves the problem of seedling death. The resistance of the Chimonanthus praecox seedlings is weaker in the early stage of transplanting, and the death phenomenon is serious, and the method solves the serious death problem in the existing Chimonanthus praecox planting process by comprehensively using the following method:

a. after transplanting the seedlings, a sunshade net is arranged, the temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, and the seedlings with weak resistance are prevented from being dead by sunning;

b. scientifically watering to enable seedlings to grow with enough water, and preventing seedlings from rotting and roots from rotting due to excessive water;

c. reasonably spraying high-nitrogen foliar fertilizer in the seedling stage to promote the growth of stems and leaves;

d. in the whole planting process, disinfection and sterilization are carried out in time, and diseases and insect pests are scientifically prevented and controlled;

e. setting up 50-60% shading net to shade sun in whole course at 20-30 deg.C

f. The balanced fertilizer is scientifically sprayed in the plant growth medium period, and the high-phosphorus or high-potassium fertilizer is alternately applied in the later period, so that the effects of promoting flower bud differentiation, reducing leaf loss, enabling flower color to be bright, expanding petals, improving flowering output and the like are achieved.

According to the method, through a scientific and fine planting method, the death rate of plants is greatly reduced, yellowing of the plants is effectively avoided, the planting cost of potted plants of the Chimonanthus praecox is greatly reduced, and large-scale low-cost planting of the potted plants of the Chimonanthus praecox is realized.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with examples.

1. preparation before planting:

(1) Preparing aseptic soil, coconut husk and vermiculite, and sterilizing. The sterile soil can be directly purchased into matrix soil of an inlet of a market, and the coconut husk and vermiculite can be directly purchased from the market. According to the aseptic soil: coconut husk: vermiculite= (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.5): 1 in mass ratio. The sterile soil of this example: coconut husk: the mass ratio of vermiculite is 5:4:1. The potting soil formula not only can keep water and breathe, but also can provide sufficient nutrients for the seedlings. Sterile soil: coconut husk: the mass ratio of vermiculite may also be 5.5:3.5:1, 5.5:4.5:1, 5.5:4:1, 4.5:3.5:1, 4.5:4.5:1, 4.5:4:1, 5.2:4:1, 4.8:3.8:1, 5:4.5:1, etc.;

(2) Sterilizing the flowerpot. Flower pots with apertures of 100mm-150mm are usually selected;

(3) Selecting the wintersweet seedling with the height of 5cm-8cm which survives cutting propagation in 3-4 months each year. The Chimonanthus praecox seedlings can be purchased in the market and also can be subjected to cutting propagation by themselves.

2. Planting: planting by adopting a greenhouse:

(1) Filling the prepared potting soil into a flowerpot, wherein the filling height is 1cm-2cm away from the top surface of the potting soil and the mouth of the flowerpot;

(2) Transplanting the selected seedlings to the center of the flowerpot, and enabling potting soil to just cover the roots of the seedlings. After all potted plants are planted, uniformly watering, and completely soaking the soil with water.

3. Spraying plant growth hormone:

(1) Plant growth hormone starts to be used after planting for at least 3 days, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-25 ℃; the application method of the plant growth hormone comprises mixing water with plant growth hormone, directly spraying onto seedling leaf surface, and continuously using for 3 times every 7-8 days; the plant growth hormone is indolebutyric acid, and can be directly purchased in the market;

(2) After 15 days of planting, the cytokinin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings, the seedlings are used for 1 time, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25 ℃. Cytokinin adopts brassin with the molar concentration of 2500-3000 mg/ml.

4. Pruning: pruning is carried out at least twice in the plant growing process, and the last pruning cannot be carried out in the middle ten days of 8 months; after trimming, cytokinin can be sprayed on the leaf surface. The specific trimming mode is as follows: when the plants grow to a height of about 15cm (usually 13-16cm high), trimming for the first time until the plant height is about 10cm (usually controlling the plant height to be 8-12cm after trimming); when the plants continue to grow to a height of about 20cm (usually 18-22cm in height), the second pruning is carried out until the plant height is about 12cm (usually 10-14cm after pruning is controlled). The cytokinin with the molar concentration of 300-500mg/ml is used for supplementing and spraying the leaf surface after each pruning. And (3) spraying the chlormequat chloride with the concentration of Shi Maer of 2000mg/ml for 10-15 days for 2-3 times after one month after the last pruning.

After trimming in the above manner, the wintersweet pattern is no longer unitary and can take on various desired shapes, such as round, tower, etc.

5. And (3) water and fertilizer management:

(1) And (3) water management: the seedling stage (usually within two months after planting) is watered once every 1-2 days according to the air temperature, and the middle and later stage (usually after 2 months after planting) is watered once every 2-3 days. Watering is carried out according to the actual situation and the principle of 'see dry and wet', namely, a process of drying pot soil is needed between two times of watering, and the dry degree is based on the whitening of the soil surface;

(2) And (3) fertilizer management:

a. seedling stage: and (3) starting to fertilize after planting for one month, and applying the balanced fertilizer with the molar concentration of 500-1000mg/ml for one time in 7-10 days. The seedlings are easy to yellow in the period, and when the seedlings begin from the tip and have yellowing symptoms, the seedlings are sprayed on leaf surfaces after the iron is mixed with water and the water is mixed with 500 times of water for root irrigation, and the seedlings are sprayed once every 7-10 days. The chelate iron is directly purchased in the market;

b. mid-term: after 2 months of planting, shi Maer concentration of the balance fertilizer is 500-1000mg/ml, and the fertilizer is applied once in 15-20 days. The seedlings in the middle period are easy to yellow, people need to pay attention to prevention, and if the yellow symptom is found, the seedlings are sprayed on leaf surfaces after water is added by adopting chelate iron in time;

c. later stage: 5 months later, shi Maer of balanced fertilizer with the concentration of 500-800mg/ml is planted, one time of fertilizer is applied for 30-50 days, and Shi Maer of high-phosphorus fertilizer and high-potassium fertilizer with the concentration of 300-500mg/ml are alternately applied for 6 months later, and one time of fertilizer is applied for 50-60 days. The late yellowing rate is low, but precautions are taken.

The balanced fertilizer adopts balanced water-soluble fertilizer produced by cloud chemical groups, can be directly purchased in the market, and can also adopt balanced fertilizer with similar effects produced by other manufacturers. The high-phosphorus fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer are directly purchased from the market, such as the high-phosphorus fertilizer or the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer produced by cloud chemical groups, and the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer which are produced by other manufacturers and have the same effects can be adopted.

The application of the balance fertilizer has the functions of providing nutrients for the growth of seedlings, promoting rooting and sprouting, loosening soil and preserving fertilizer, inhibiting harmful toxins of soil and balancing the nutrition of plants. The high phosphate fertilizer has the main effects of promoting flower bud differentiation and improving flower yield, the high potash fertilizer has the main effects of expanding flower buds and enabling petals to be bright in color, and the high phosphate fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer are alternately used for plants in the later period, so that the yield is improved, the wintersweet branches in Australia are uniform, and the color of the flowers which are opened is pure.

6. Humidity and light management: controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 50-60% in the seedling stage, and controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 35-45% after planting for 40 days; the illumination management is to set up a sunshade net for shading 50% -60% above the young seedling from the young seedling, after 40 days of transplanting, the resistance of the young seedling is gradually enhanced, the death rate is slowly reduced, at this time, the sunshade net is taken down to meet the requirement of full sunlight or half sunlight, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 20 ℃ -30 ℃.

7. Temperature management: the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the seedling stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-30 ℃ after the medium-term planting is carried out for 2 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-30 ℃ after the later-term planting is carried out for 5 months, and the day-night temperature difference is controlled to be 10-15 ℃ so as to promote the flower bud differentiation.

8. Sterilizing and pest control:

a. in the whole planting process, attention is paid to timely disinfection and sterilization, and the bactericide can be hymexazol with the molar concentration of 800-1000mg/ml, carbendazim with the molar concentration of 500-800mg/ml, imazalil with the molar concentration of 1200mg/ml, cymoxanil with the molar concentration of 800-1000mg/ml and the like;

b. common diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, stem basal rot and the like, and when the symptoms of the diseases are found, the diseases are treated by adopting targeted medicines. Powdery mildew can be prepared from difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl, tetraconazole and the like, root rot can be treated by bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis by root irrigation, and stem rot can be prepared from kresoxim-methyl, polyoxin, bacillus subtilis and the like, and the medicines are sprayed on leaf surfaces to control diseases and the ventilation and ventilation are paid attention to;

c. common insect pests include aphids, cabbage worms, snails, slugs and the like, and can be controlled by using pesticides such as nitenpyram, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate metaldehyde and the like. The plant growth medium stage is specially used for preventing insect damage, and the insect damage is slowly reduced after the later winter.

9. After 8-10 months of planting, the buds on the plants are left to stand, and the plants can be sold.

Claims

1. The culture method of the potted Chimonanthus praecox is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Preparation before planting:

b. sterilizing and disinfecting the flowerpot;

(3) Spraying plant growth hormone:

(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management:

b. and (3) fertilizer management:

(9) After planting for 8-10 months, the plant can be sold.

2. The culture method of potted Chimonanthus praecox according to claim 1, wherein when the seedling stage is smaller than Miao Jianbu and yellowing symptoms occur, the method comprises spraying the leaves after watering the chelate iron, and when the seedling in the middle stage finds the yellowing symptoms, spraying the leaves after watering the chelate iron and irrigating roots 500 times of the watering.

3. The method for cultivating a potted Chimonanthus praecox according to claim 1, wherein the specific pruning mode is as follows: when the plants grow to 13-16cm in height, trimming for the first time until the plant height is 8-12cm; and when the plants continue to grow to the height of 18-22cm, pruning for the second time until the plant height is 10-14cm.

4. A method of pot culture of wintersweet in australia according to claim 3 wherein the leaves are sprayed with 300-500mg/ml cytokinin after each trimming; spraying 2000mg/ml chlormequat chloride once in 10-15 days for 2-3 times one month after the last pruning.

5. The method for cultivating a potted Chimonanthus praecox according to claim 1, wherein the watering for water management is based on the principle of "see dry and see wet", i.e. a process of drying pot soil is necessary between two times of watering, and the degree of drying is based on the surface whitening of soil.

6. The method for cultivating the potted Chimonanthus praecox of claim 1, wherein the balanced fertilizer is a balanced water-soluble fertilizer produced by a cloud and daily chemical group.

7. The method for pot culture of wintersweet according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth hormone is indolebutyric acid and the cytokinin is brassin.

8. The method for cultivating a potted Chimonanthus praecox according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is one or more of hymexazol, carbendazim, imazalil and cymoxanil.