RU2448453C1 - Method of stimulation development, growth and productivity of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crop production. The method of stimulation the development, growth and productivity of plants includes soaking the seeds for 12-24 hours at a temperature of 20-28 °C in a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris of a density 60-70 million cells/ml, and a growing medium in a ratio 1:1, and seed sprouting when exposed on them with the same composition, in the same ratio. In addition, in the method the roots are treated at the hydroponic cultivation of seedlings and transplanting of plants into the soil and tillage for planting with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris of a density 60-70 million cells/ml, and water or a growing medium at a ratio of from 1:1 to 1:20. The plants are periodically watered during the growing cycle in the soil with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris of a density 60-70 million cells/ml, and water or a growing medium at a ratio of from 1:1 to 1:20. Also the leaves of plants are periodically sprayed with composition consisting of 4-day suspension of the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris of a density 60-70 million cells/ml and the growing medium at a ratio of from 1:1 to 1:20.

EFFECT: increased germinating energy and germination of seeds, increased energy of growth, earlier survival, and formation of a strong root system, reduction of "soil fatigue" and reduction of poisoning of the soil with mycotoxins.

9 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of crop production, in particular to methods for regulating the growth and development of plants, as well as increasing their productivity. Such methods are applied to plants that are cultivated in ground greenhouses of greenhouse plants, and also grown in open or closed ground in summer cottages and household plots for natural consumption or for landscape design (garden plants).

From the "prior art" there is a known method of stimulating the development of plants (see RF Patent No. 2253965 C1, class A01G 7/06, A01N 63/00, publ. 06/20/2005). In accordance with the known method, plants are sprayed in the phase of the beginning of flowering with a bioregulator, which is used as an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances based on Chlorella Vulgaris with a concentration of 3.0-5.0%.

The disadvantages of this method are that the stimulation of plant development is provided only in the phase of the onset of flowering, which leads only to accelerate the flowering intensity of the treated plants.

The present invention is the creation of a comprehensive technology for growing plants, starting with the process of soaking seeds and ending with the stimulation of plants in the fruiting phase.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the energy of germination and germination of seeds, increase the energy of growth, earlier survival of plants, the formation of a strong root system, strengthen the immunity of plants, increase productivity, reduce soil fatigue and reduce soil poisoning by mycotoxins.

The technical result is provided by the fact that a method of stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants involves soaking the seeds for 12-24 hours at a temperature of 20-28 ° C in a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1, seed germination when exposed to a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1. In addition, in the method, root treatment is carried out during hydroponic cultivation of seedlings and transplantation of plants into the soil and tillage during planting by a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and water or nutrient medium in the ratio from 1: 1 to 1:20. The plants are irrigated periodically throughout the entire growing cycle (growth, flowering and fruiting phases) in the soil with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and water or nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 until 1:20. Periodic spraying of plant leaves is also carried out with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and a nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20.

In accordance with particular cases of execution in the method, the following may be carried out.

Germination of seeds is carried out with variable or constant exposure to the composition.

As plants, plants of the pumpkin family can be used.

As plants, plants of the nightshade family can be used.

As plants can use decorative plants.

When growing plants of the pumpkin family (cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkin), the nutrient medium consists of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, phosphoric acid, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdenum acid, zinc sulfate, cobalt and water the following ratio of components, wt.%:

potassium nitrate 0.04 ammonium nitrate 0.02 superphosphate 0,03 phosphoric acid 0.02 magnesium sulfate 0,03 iron sulfate 6 * 10 ^-4 boric acid 2 * 10 ^-4 manganese sulfate 10 ^-5 ammonium molybdenum acid 10 ^-5 zinc sulfate 10 ^-5 cobalt nitrate 10 ^-5 water rest

When growing plants of the nightshade family (tomatoes, physalis, potatoes), the nutrient medium may consist of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, urea and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

potassium sulfate 0.4 superphosphate 0.3 urea 0.2 water rest

In addition, when growing plants of the nightshade family (tomatoes, physalis, potatoes), the nutrient medium can also consist of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, urea, boric acid, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

potassium sulfate 0.1 superphosphate 0.05 urea 0.04 boric acid 0.01 potassium permanganate 0.01 copper sulfate 0.005 manganese sulfate 0,03 water rest

When growing ornamental plants (flowers), the nutrient medium consists of potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium magnesia and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

potassium sulfate 0.3 magnesium sulfate 0.1 potassium magnesia 0.15 water rest

The main component of the composition is a 4-day (96 hours) suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml.

It should be noted that Chlorella Vulgaris (IGF strain No. C-111) is a unicellular alga, belongs to the class of green algae.

Chlorella suspension contains a wide range of physiologically active substances: indole (auxins), vitamins, steroids, gibberellin-like substances, phenolic compounds and cytokinins. Gibberellins and auxins are regulators of plant growth and development; moreover, in the presence of the latter, the ability of cytokinins to activate the process of cell division is most fully realized. This strain has pronounced high bactericidal properties that do not allow the development of pathogenic microflora. At the same time, it exists in symbiosis with a whole spectrum of beneficial microorganisms, which are added to the soil or nutrient solution of plants when they are watered or nourished together with a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris. An important argument for the use of Chlorella Vulgaris in the practice of plant growing and floriculture is the availability, low cost of cultivation and ease of inclusion of various vegetable and flower crops into technological modes of cultivation.

An important point is also the natural origin and complexity of the culture medium Chlorella Vulgaris, which allows you to get environmentally friendly vegetable products with high taste.

Chlorella Vulgaris of the desired density is cultivated as follows. Separate cultivation of the uterine culture and commodity suspension is carried out in different plants and in different biotechnologies. To put production plants into operation, the required volume of uterine culture of chlorella is obtained in separate plants - mother liquors. In the uterine plants, the Chlorella Vulgaris strain (IGF No. C-111) is cultivated using extensive technology. On the uterine device, an increase in cell density occurs up to 50-60 million cells in 1 ml. The resulting uterine culture of chlorella is introduced into the production unit in an amount of 20% of its total volume. The initial cell density in the suspension of the production plant is about 10 million in 1 ml. In the first cycle of the production plant, an increase in cell density occurs in two days to 60-70 million cells in 1 ml. After that, 80% of the obtained commodity suspension is used for its intended purpose (i.e., to obtain a composition), and 20% is again added to the production unit and used as a uterine culture in the second cycle of its operation.

The resulting suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells per 1 ml (96 hours of cultivation) is diluted with water or nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20 depending on the type of plant, phase of development and growing conditions. It should be noted that the nutrient medium is prepared by simply dissolving and / or mixing the ingredients with water. To obtain large quantities of a solution of a nutrient medium, a container with a stirrer is used.

The table shows the effect of soaking in a composition consisting of a suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris and a nutrient medium, seeds of plants of the nightshade and pumpkin family for 12-24 hours on indicators - germination energy and germination (average values are shown).

Table Indicator Cell density, mln / ml 40-50 60-70 80-90 Germination energy,% 75.95 79.1 77.9 Germination,% 90.8 94.6 93.1

A study of the effect of seed soaking showed that the best results are achieved using a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml.

The claimed method is also characterized by the following examples.

Example 1. Carry out the processing of plants of cucumbers of varieties "Claudia" and "Zamarinuyka" at the age of one month (growing in greenhouses). Plants of the first group are watered with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and water in a ratio of 1:10 (control 1). Plants of the second group are watered with the usual composition of fertilizers used in everyday practice according to the Mitlider method with a full set of microelements (control 2). After two weeks of the experiment, the experienced cucumbers of the first group significantly increased in growth. After another month, the stem length of the plants of the first group was on average 50–55% longer than the stem of the plants of the second group. On the plants of the first group, a better formation of ovaries of cucumbers and a more rapid formation of fruits were observed. The crop of cucumbers of the first group of plants was 70% higher than the crop of the second group of plants.

Example 2. The treatment of seeds of cucumber plants of the variety "Claudia" with a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris in a ratio of 1: 1 with a nutrient medium (first group) in comparison with the second group of seeds of cucumbers of the same variety when soaking them in water. The seed germination energy of the first group far exceeded the seed germination energy of the second group. About 100% of seeds germinated in the first group, and 63% in the second group. Both groups of plants were periodically watered with the same volume of water. In this case, a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris in a ratio of 1:10 to water was added to the plants of the first group. After 45 days of cultivation, the length of the stem of plants of the first group was two times greater than the length of the stem of plants of the second group.

Example 3. Tomato seeds are soaked in a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris, diluted in a ratio of 1: 1 with nutrient medium (experimental plants). From the moment of seed germination and throughout the cultivation of tomatoes, the experimental plants were significantly ahead of the plants cultivated in the generally accepted way. The height of the experimental plants was two times higher than the height of plants cultivated in the generally accepted way. Harvest from experimental plants differed in fruit size and appearance. Taste qualities of tomatoes of the experimental group also significantly differed for the better.

Claims (9)

1. A method of stimulating the development, growth and productivity of plants, including soaking seeds for 12-24 hours at a temperature of 20-28 ° C in a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green alga Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and nutritious medium in a ratio of 1: 1, seed germination when exposed to a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1, root treatment during hydroponic seedling cultivation and transplantation plants in the soil and tillage soil during planting with a composition consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and water or nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20, periodic watering of plants throughout the entire growing cycle in soil composition, consisting of a 4-day suspension of green algae Chlorella Vulgaris with a density of 60-70 million cells / ml and water or nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20, and periodic spraying of plant leaves with a composition consisting of 4-day suspension green algae Chlorella vulgaris tight 60-70 million cells / ml and nutrient medium in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the germination of seeds is carried out with variable or constant exposure to the composition. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the plants are plants of the pumpkin family. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the plants use plants of the nightshade family. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the plants use ornamental plants. 6. The method according to claim 3, in which the nutrient medium consists of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, phosphoric acid, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdenum acid, zinc sulfate, cobalt nitrate and water in the following ratio components, wt.%:
potassium nitrate 0.04 ammonium nitrate 0.02 superphosphate 0,03 phosphoric acid 0.02 magnesium sulfate 0,03 iron sulfate 6 · 10 ^-4 boric acid 2 · 10 ^-4 manganese sulfate 10 ^-5 ammonium molybdenum acid 10 ^-5 zinc sulfate 10 ^-5 cobalt nitrate 10 ^-5 water rest 7. The method according to claim 4, in which the nutrient medium consists of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, urea and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
potassium sulfate 0.4 superphosphate 0.3 urea 0.2 water rest 8. The method according to claim 4, in which the nutrient medium consists of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, urea, boric acid, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and water in the following ratio, wt.%:
potassium sulfate 0.1 superphosphate 0.05 urea 0.04 boric acid 0.01 potassium permanganate 0.01 copper sulfate 0.005 manganese sulfate 0,03 water rest 9. The method according to claim 5, in which the nutrient medium consists of potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium magnesia and water in the following ratio, wt.%:
potassium sulfate 0.3 magnesium sulfate 0.1 potassium magnesia 0.15 water rest