CN112273075A

CN112273075A - Simple and efficient chrysanthemum grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN112273075A
Application number: CN201910668822.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙宪芝; 于琴; 张雪莹; 樊婕; 曹贺
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-07-13
Filing date: 2019-07-13
Publication date: 2021-01-29

Abstract

The method changes the traditional chrysanthemum grafting period, adopts the small scion to graft the small stock, has small leaf area of the small scion and can reduce water evaporation; the short stem avoids the bending and drooping of the scion top; the rootstock is grafted when being small, so that the healing performance is better, and the phenomenon of later-stage small feet is relieved; the grafting clip is adopted to replace the grafting strip, so that the method is more suitable for the characteristic that the stock for grafting the plantlet is tiny, and is beneficial to saving the time for winding the grafting strip and removing the grafting strip; the method has the advantages that the hole tray is used for sowing and breeding the stock, the small scion is used for grafting, the stock is neat and consistent, the healing performance is good, the grafting efficiency is improved by optimizing the method, the growth vigor of the grafted seedlings is enhanced, the resistance to plant diseases and insect pests is improved, the technical support is provided for organic production of chrysanthemum, and the industrial production can be realized.

Description

Simple and efficient chrysanthemum grafting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) grafting cultivation technology, belonging to the field of floriculture.

Background

The chrysanthemum is perennial herb flower, the cultivation history is long and the variety is rich. Has wide application, and can be divided into ornamental chrysanthemum, medicinal chrysanthemum, tea chrysanthemum and the like. Grafting is a common cultivation measure in traditional chrysanthemum cultivation in China, and is mainly used for shaping chrysanthemum, such as chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum art bonsai and various chrysanthemum shapes. The grafted branch or bud is called scion; the grafted plant is called a stock. The scion generally selects branches with 2 to 4 buds, and becomes the upper part of a plant body after grafting, and the stock becomes the root part of the plant body after grafting.

In recent years, researches show that the chrysanthemum grafted seedling taking the artemisia plant as the rootstock is greatly improved in growth vigor and resistance. The root system absorption capacity of the grafted chrysanthemum is enhanced, the nutrient supply capacity of the plant is obviously improved, and the self-toxicity caused by the plant is reduced, so that the crop production benefit is improved. The commodity yield of the grafted chrysanthemum is obviously improved, and the product quality is good. After grafting, the adaptability of the chrysanthemum grafted seedling to drought and high temperature is obviously enhanced, the insect resistance is improved, the damage of aphids is obviously reduced, the use of medicines can be reduced and even avoided, an effective way is opened up for organic cultivation of tea, medicinal and edible chrysanthemums, and the chrysanthemum grafting has wide application space.

However, the grafting technology in the existing chrysanthemum production is only used for modeling a small amount of chrysanthemum, the stocks are mostly dug and taken from the field, the stocks are irregular, the age period is long, the scions are large, the stocks are bound by plastic films during grafting, then the stocks are sleeved with moisturizing bags, measures such as manual water spraying are adopted, the problems of complicated grafting links, long healing time, complex later-period management, small foot phenomenon and the like exist, and the method cannot be used for large-scale industrial production.

Therefore, the simple chrysanthemum grafting method has important significance for large-scale production of high-quality chrysanthemum and realization of organic cultivation target of edible chrysanthemum.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the stock is neat and uniform, the chrysanthemum grafting process is simplified, the survival rate is high, and the grafted seedling quality is good.

The invention has the innovation that the traditional chrysanthemum grafting period is changed, the small scion is adopted to graft the small stock, the small scion leaf area is small, and the water evaporation can be reduced; the short stem avoids the bending and drooping of the scion top; the rootstock is grafted when being small, so that the healing performance is better, and the phenomenon of later-stage small feet is relieved; the grafting clip is adopted to replace the grafting strip, so that the method is more suitable for the characteristic that the stock for grafting the plantlet is tiny, and is beneficial to saving the time for winding the grafting strip and removing the grafting strip; the hole tray is used for seeding and breeding the stock, and the small scion is used for grafting, so that the industrial production can be realized.

The problem solved by the invention can be solved by adopting the following scheme, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of cultivating seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis (Artemisia pallidus) serving as rootstocks by adopting a hole-tray sowing method, potting the seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis after the seedlings are 10cm high, and beginning grafting after the seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis are potted for 15 days, wherein the plant height is about 15cm, and the stem thickness is about 0.2-0.3 cm. Selecting chrysanthemum tender shoots of about 5cm as scions, cutting the stocks at a position 5cm close to the ground, carrying out cleft grafting, and clamping the joints by using grafting clamps after grafting is finished. And (5) shading, moisturizing and culturing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a grafting knife and a grafting clip.

FIG. 2 Chrysanthemum scion.

FIG. 3A rootstock of Artemisia nigra

FIG. 4 grafting

FIG. 5 plants after grafting.

Fig. 6 healed plants ten days after engrafting.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described below in order to make the means, features, objectives and functions of the present invention easy to understand.

The method comprises the steps of cultivating artemisia selengensis stock seedlings by adopting 32-hole 4 x 8-hole tray seedlings, sowing 3 seeds in each hole, covering plastic films without covering soil after sowing, preserving moisture, germinating in about one week, and controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃ and the humidity to be 75%. When the artemisia selengensis seedlings grow to about 10cm, the artemisia selengensis seedlings are potted, and pot soil is prepared according to the ratio of garden soil to turf being 3 to 1. After 15 days of potting, the plant height is about 15cm, the stem thickness is 0.3cm, grafting is prepared, and water is irrigated thoroughly one day before grafting. Selecting chrysanthemum tender shoots of about 5cm as scions during grafting, cutting the base parts of the scions into wedges of about 1.5 cm by using a cutter, cutting the stocks at positions 5cm close to the ground, longitudinally cutting the stems of the stocks to form wedge-shaped inserting pieces with depth slightly larger than that of the scions, inserting the scions into the splitting seams of the stocks, and clamping the grafting openings by using grafting clamps after alignment. After grafting, shading and moisturizing are carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 90%. After one week, the scion and the stock are healed, the clamp is removed, and the grafted seedling is subjected to conventional cultivation management.

According to the method, the small stock is grafted and sown by using the small scion, the grafting clamp replaces a thin film for binding, the stocks are neat and consistent, the healing performance is good, the grafting efficiency is improved by optimizing the method, the growth vigor of the grafted seedling is enhanced, the resistance to plant diseases and insect pests is improved, and the technical support is provided for organic production of the chrysanthemum.

Claims

1. The invention aims to ensure that the stock is neat and uniform, the chrysanthemum grafting process is simplified, the survival rate is high, and the grafted seedling quality is good. The method comprises the steps of cultivating seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis (Artemisia pallidus) serving as rootstocks by adopting a hole-tray sowing method, potting the seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis after the seedlings are 10cm high, and beginning grafting after the seedlings of the Artemisia selengensis are potted for 15 days, wherein the plant height is about 15cm, and the stem thickness is about 0.2-0.3 cm. Selecting chrysanthemum tender shoots of about 5cm as scions, cutting the stocks at a position 5cm close to the ground, carrying out cleft grafting, and clamping the joints by using grafting clamps after grafting is finished. And (5) shading, moisturizing and culturing.

2. The grafting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 32-hole 4 x 8-hole tray seedlings are adopted to cultivate artemisia nigra stock seedlings, 3 seedlings are sown in each hole, no soil is covered after sowing, a plastic film is covered for moisture preservation, seedlings emerge for about one week, the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 75%. When the artemisia selengensis seedlings grow to about 10cm, the artemisia selengensis seedlings are potted, and pot soil is prepared according to the ratio of garden soil to turf being 3 to 1. After 15 days of potting, the plant height is about 15cm, the stem thickness is 0.3cm, grafting is prepared, and water is irrigated thoroughly one day before grafting. Selecting chrysanthemum tender shoots of about 5cm as scions during grafting, cutting the base parts of the scions into wedges of about 1.5 cm by using a cutter, cutting the stocks at positions 5cm close to the ground, longitudinally cutting the stems of the stocks to form wedge-shaped inserting pieces with depth slightly larger than that of the scions, inserting the scions into the splitting seams of the stocks, and clamping the grafting openings by using grafting clamps after alignment. After grafting, shading and moisturizing are carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 90%. After one week, the scion and the stock are healed, the clamp is removed, and the grafted seedling is subjected to conventional cultivation management.