CN102826891A - Watermelon plug matrix and method for grafted seedling by using same - Google Patents
Watermelon plug matrix and method for grafted seedling by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102826891A CN102826891A CN 201110156786 CN201110156786A CN102826891A CN 102826891 A CN102826891 A CN 102826891A CN 201110156786 CN201110156786 CN 201110156786 CN 201110156786 A CN201110156786 A CN 201110156786A CN 102826891 A CN102826891 A CN 102826891A
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Abstract
The invention relates a watermelon plug matrix and a method for grafted seedling by using the same. The watermelon plug matrix comprises main materials of grass carbon, vermiculite and decomposed pig manure with a volume ratio of 6:3:1, and auxiliary materials of a 15:15:15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and EM bacteria with 2 kg-3 kg of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.15-0.25 kg of the EM bacteria in every cubic meter matrix. The method comprises the steps of mixing the above materials together and stirring uniformly and adequately. The watermelon plug matrix is fast in seedling emergence, has tidy and consistent seedlings, well-developed root system of cultivated watermelon seedlings, and robust growth seedlings. The method is low in use cost, improves economic efficiency significantly; and is land conservation. The method can make graft of the watermelon become convenient, has high grafting survival rate, reduces weeds, prevents plant diseases and insect pests disseminated by the weeds, is convenient for transportation, and has high survival rate after colonization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the growth of watermelon field, especially relate to a kind of watermelon cave disk base material and use the method for this matrix graft seedling growth.
Background technology
At present, in the watermelon seedling culturing process, the method that often adopts is to use Nursery to grow seedlings.Nursery is claimed pot for growing seedlings, seedling-raising cup, seedling culture basin, nutrient cup again, and mostly its quality is plastic production.The Nursery of dixie cup size is used for breeding more, the seedling of raising an infant; The Nursery of flowerpot size is used for chamber planting more.With the Nursery breeding, grow seedlings and be convenient to concentrate to cultivate and transplant, can significantly improve economic benefit, be widely used in agricultural plantings such as melon and fruit.
The feeding block seedlings raising method may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation before growing seedlings:
(1) bed of growing seedlings is set in heliogreenhouse;
(2) select variety of watermelon and stock variety;
(3) make seedling medium, matrix mainly is earth;
(4) prepare to grow seedlings vessel;
(2) sowing
(1) grows seedlings;
(2) medium in tray;
(1) seed treatment: seed is soaked seed in clear water with 100 times EM bacterium diluent immersion back, and wherein the bottle gourd seed soaked 24 hours, and watermelon seed soaked 6～8 hours; Vernalization is wrapped with clean wet cotton at last with flushing with clean water 2～3 times in seed soaking back, when radicle stretches out 2mm～3mm, can sow;
(2) sowing;
(3) after planting seedbed management;
It is main that stock and scion are emerged in the preceding greenhouse with insulation.
(4) rice shoot grafting;
(1) preparation work before the grafting.
(2) water in the seedbed;
(3) grafting;
(4) the button canopy shelters from heat or light;
(5) management of Graft;
The management that is divided into before becoming to live is managed with the back that becomes to live:
Management before becoming to live comprises management, the control of aspects such as temperature, humidity, illumination, air port;
The back management that becomes to live comprises operations such as the management of aspects such as temperature, moisture, fertilizer, illumination, control and excision lateral bud.
When cotyledon is complete, cane is sturdy, dark green, the no scab of blade, and internode is field planting in short-term.
But there is following shortcoming in feeding block seedlings raising: 1, speed of emergence is slower, and average seedling-growing time is 7～8 days; 2, root growth receives the influence of Nursery and matrix, the not too prosperity of growth; 3, seedling cost is higher; 4, grow seedlings and need the larger area soil, prepare 700 strains of watermelon seedling according to every mu of land for growing field crops and calculate, use Nursery to cultivate rice shoot, need about 8 square metres on ground, seedbed; 5 labor intensities of growing seedlings are big, waste time and energy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly save the soil, be easy to the watermelon cave disk base material grafting seedlings-growing method managing, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
A kind of watermelon cave disk base material comprises that major ingredient is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and its volume ratio is 6: 3: 1; Auxiliary material is 15: 15: 15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizers and EM bacterium, adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg～3kg in every cubic metre of matrix, and EM bacterium 0.15～0.25kg mixes above-mentioned materials, stirs to get final product.
A kind of method of using the said watermelon of claim 1 cave disk base material graft seedling growth may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation before growing seedlings is comprising the preparation of seedling medium;
(2) seeding and growing seedling;
(3) after planting seedbed management;
(4) rice shoot grafting;
(5) management of Graft, the management that is divided into before becoming to live is managed with the back that becomes to live:
(1) become preceding management alive to comprise management, the control of aspects such as temperature, humidity, illumination, air port;
(2) become back alive management to comprise the operations such as management, control and excision lateral bud of aspects such as temperature, moisture, fertilizer, illumination;
And, grow seedlings in step (two) seeding and growing seedling and before the plan customized time, carried out in 30～35 days.
And; When the management of said step (five) Graft, temperature treatment in the management before become living, should be after grafting in 2～3 days; Temperature should be controlled at: 26～28 ℃ of daytimes; 22～24 ℃ of evenings, suitably reduce by 2～3 ℃ according to the wound healing situation later on to temperature, get into normal temps management in seedling stage after 8～10 days.
And, the management of said step (five) Graft, during moisture management in the management before become living, should be after grafting a few days ago humidity be controlled at 95%～100%; Two days later, humidity is reduced to gradually and gets into the field run plant moisture management after 80%～90%, 7 days.
And, the management of said step (five) Graft, during illumination management in the management before become living, should shading in 3 days after grafting, sooner or later see natural light after 3 days, 8-10 days, get into the normal illumination in seedling stage and manage.
And the management of said step (five) Graft is during temperature treatment in the back management of become living; Should be when the watermelon seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart temperature be 15 ℃～16 ℃ of temperature at night; Preceding 5～7 days of field planting, temperature is controlled at: be 22 ℃～24 ℃ daytime, be 13 ℃～15 ℃ night.
And, when the management of said step (five) Graft, water management in the back management of become living, should make seedling medium moisture keep 75%～80% of water retaining capacity, the moisturizing work of rice shoot will be in 10 completion in the past in the morning.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
1, present method have emerge fast, the characteristics of rice shoot neat and consistent.Cave dish water retention property is strong, and the matrix permeability is good, is carrying out equally under the condition, and hole plate seedling growth can be emerged 2-3 days than feeding block seedlings raising ahead of time, and the neat and consistent of emerging.
2, present method cultivate watermelon shoot root system flourishing, seedling growth is healthy and strong.Seedling culture matrix nutrition is comprehensive, good permeability, for root growth has been created good envrionment conditions.So the rice shoot well developed root system, it is real that over-ground part shows short strong pier.
3, the use cost of present method is cheap, can significantly improve economic benefit.Adopt cave disk base material method for culturing seedlings; Wherein the cave dish was converted by using in 3 years, 0.02 yuan of every cave seedling cost average out to, and the every cave of seedling medium seedling cost is 0.03 yuan; Both add up to 0.05 yuan; The cost that mu is educated 700 cave melon seedlings is 35 yuan, reduces by 2/3 for 105 yuan than 0.15 yuan of the every strain cost of feeding block seedlings raising, cost per mu, and the direct benefit of growing seedlings improves 70 yuan.
4, present method can be saved the area, and land utilization ratio improves.Prepare 700 strains of watermelon seedling according to every mu of land for growing field crops and calculate, need coil (seedling rate calculates by 92%) about 15, need 5.5 square metres on ground, seedbed with the cave; And educate the Nursery seedling raising of same quantity; Need 8 square metres on ground, seedbed, save 2.5 square metres, the seedbed reduces 45.6%; Seedlings growing area expenses such as recruitment, culture facility when reducing, and has improved the utilization ratio of ground, seedbed facility.
5, present method can make the grafting of watermelon become convenient, and graft survival rate is high.During the watermelon grafting, stock is once transported 1 dish, and operator's grafting 50 strains had continuously both improved grafting speed, and the rhythm of adjustable grafting operation can effectively improve the surviving rate of Graft again.
6, present method shortens the seedling-slowing stage of watermelon, and the watermelon listing phase in advance.The watermelon cave disk base material well developed root system of growing seedlings, survival after transplant is not hindered root, and planting survival rates is high, and the watermelon product of general hole plate seedling growth went on the market 5-7 days than feeding block seedlings raising ahead of time.
7, use present method can reduce weeds, avoided the weeds insect pest that spreads disease.Seedling medium does not use soil, has reduced grass-seed quantity significantly, does not have weeds basically in the nursery stage thinning furrow, has both reduced the approach of weeds propagation disease, reduces the rice shoot sickness rate, has saved the recruitment that weeds a garden again, reduces seedling cost.
8, present method also has convenient transportation, the high characteristics of surviving rate after the field planting.In light weight during hole plate seedling growth lifting fortune seedling, be difficult for the alms bowl that looses, do not hinder seedling even long-distance transport also can not cause, so seedling rate is high after the field planting, can solve the many difficult problems in disperseing to grow seedlings.
Embodiment
Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below; Need to prove that present embodiment is narrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
1, a kind of watermelon cave disk base material grafting seedlings-growing method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation before growing seedlings:
(1) bed of growing seedlings: be arranged in the heliogreenhouse, its clear span is 1.8m, and an adjacent spacing 0.6m that grows seedlings, the bed of growing seedlings should be smooth and be laid plastics film above that;
(2) stock is selected 50～75 holes dish for use, and 260～300 holes dish is selected in scion;
(3) select variety of watermelon and stock variety: select for use " glad No. one of capital ", " anti-No. three of capital ", " glad No. one of no seed capital ", " carbuncle in early spring ", " the yellow meat of Calusena lansium ", " Calusena lansium red meat ", " special little phoenix " or a kind of variety of watermelon in " deceiving the beauty " as scion; Stock is selected a kind of in bottle gourd or the pumpkin for use;
(4) make matrix: major ingredient is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and its volume ratio is 6: 3: 1; Auxiliary material is 15: 15: 15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizers and EM bacterium, and every cubic metre of seedling medium adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg～3kg, EM bacterium 0.15～0.25kg.Above-mentioned materials is mixed, stir and get final product.
(2) sowing
Before the plan customized time, grew seedlings in 30～35 days;
(1) medium in tray: sow preceding 3～5 days and in the dish of cave, fill seedling medium, matrix accounts for 90～95% of cave dish pore volume;
(2) seed treatment: soaked seed 25～35 minutes with 100 times EM bacterium diluents, seed soaking is sub in 25 ℃～30 ℃ clear water then, and wherein the stock seed soaked 20～30 hours; Watermelon seed soaked 6～8 hours; Seed soaking back is taken out seed and is rubbed with the hands and go mucus on kind of the skin, with flushing with clean water 2～3 times, wraps with clean wet cotton at last; Vernalization under 28 ℃～30 ℃ conditions can be sowed when radicle stretches out 2mm～3mm after 24～36 hours;
(3) sowing: it is permeable to sow the matrix spray in seedling pan in preceding 2～3 hours, makes the water cut of matrix reach 150～240%, compacting matrix; Making the distance that plane and cave dish is gone up between the plane on the matrix is 0.8～1cm; Stock seed and watermelon seed keep flat in cave dish, plant bud or flat stretching down, and cladding thickness is the vermiculite of 1.0cm～2.0cm above the seed; The matrix spray is permeable in seedling pan once more, treats that water oozes back covered with plastic film on the furrow face down;
(3) after planting seedbed management
(1) stock and the watermelon preceding greenhouse of emerging should be controlled at: be 25 ℃～28 ℃ daytime, and be 18 ℃～20 ℃ night;
(2) when 70% seed arch soil, take the plastics film that covers on the furrow face off, this moment, the greenhouse should be controlled at: 20 ℃～25 ℃ of daytimes, 15 ℃～20 ℃ of nights;
(3) seedling all sprouts the back if any beating listless phenomenon, and available watering can suitably sprays moisture on the furrow face, and water spray work should be accomplished at 10 in the morning before;
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, at 800 times of liquid of open and flat phase of cotyledon 1 time 75% m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile of spray, 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl and 4000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin are sprayed in grafting previous day;
(4) rice shoot grafting
(1) preparation of grafting articles for use: comprise instrument, towel, grafting dish, thimerosal and buckle little shed material; Wherein grafting tool mainly is blade and bamboo let;
(2) water in the seedbed: grafting was watered permeable in preceding 0.5～1 hour in the stock seedbed, treated to get final product grafting after the moisture evaporation of scion rice shoot blade surface;
(3) grafting: adopt oblique cutting to connect method,, earlier the rootstock seedling vegetative point is rejected with bamboo let at stock rough leaf diameter 0.8～1.2cm, when the watermelon cotyledon is open and flat; Tiltedly insert the below from the position of removing vegetative point with bamboo let, the degree of depth that bamboo let inserts is 0.8cm～1.0cm again, is about to wear out epidermis and not broken being advisable with bamboo let; Wouldn't extract bamboo let, cut a cutter, climb over the seedling stem with blade flat wealthy skew back at 1.0cm place below as the watermelon young plant leaf of scion; The cutter of splaying from the back side again, long incision 1.0cm is whittled into wedge shape with scion; Extract bamboo let then, in the jack with the oblique gently insertion rootstock seedling of the tangent plane one side stem of scion, both sides' wound is tightly joined immediately; The cotyledon crisscross of the cotyledon of stock and scion during insertion, the degree of depth coincide with otch and are advisable;
(4) the button canopy shelters from heat or light: along with the carrying out of grafting should be detained little shed simultaneously on the good melon seedling of grafting, little shed height is about 0.5～0.7m, covered with plastic film on the canopy face, and the covering shading rate is 50% sunshade net above the film;
(5) Graft management:
(1) become preceding management alive:
1. temperature treatment: in 2～3 days, temperature should be controlled in the little shed after the grafting: suitably reduce by 2～3 ℃ to temperature according to the wound healing situation later on 22～24 ℃ of evenings on 26～28 ℃ of daytimes, get into normal temps management in seedling stage after 8～10 days;
2. moisture management: after the grafting a few days ago humidity requirement be controlled at 95%～100%, along with the ventilation time lengthening, humidity is reduced to gradually and gets into the field run plant moisture management after 80%～90%, 7 days.
3. illumination management: in 3 days, answer shading after the grafting, sooner or later see natural light after 3 days, 8-10 days, get into normal illumination management in seedling stage;
4. air port management: after the grafting two days stuffy, the 3rd day a small amount of sooner or later the ventilation strengthened ventilation and lengthening ventilation time later on gradually after the grafting, gets into normal air port management in seedling stage after 8～10 days.
(2) become back alive management:
1. temperature treatment: temperature should be controlled at when the watermelon seedling grew to 2 leaves, 1 heart: night, temperature was 15 ℃～16 ℃, preceding 5～7 days of field planting, and temperature is controlled at: be 22 ℃～24 ℃ daytime, be 13 ℃～15 ℃ night;
2. water management: should make seedling stage seedling medium moisture keep 75%～80% of water retaining capacity, the moisturizing work of rice shoot will be in 10 completion in the past in the morning;
3. fertilizer management: need not replenish fertilizer in the matrix between nursery stage, can suitably spray bacterial manure and foliage fertilizer.Graft sprayed 500 times of EM bacterium and 500 times of potassium primary phosphate mixed solutions in 10～12 days after grafting, every later at a distance from 5～7 days foliage-sprays once, spray continuously 2～3 times;
4. illumination management: give Graft stronger illumination;
5. extract lateral bud;
When the cotyledon of watermelon seedling is complete, cane is sturdy, dark green, the no scab of blade, and internode is short, and has 3～4 true leaves, and plant height 13～17cm can transplant, and accomplishes whole graft seedling growth process.
Claims (7)
1. watermelon cave disk base material is characterized in that: comprise that major ingredient is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, its volume ratio is 6: 3: 1; Auxiliary material is 15: 15: 15 compound potassium sulfate fertilizers and EM bacterium, adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg～3kg in every cubic metre of matrix, and EM bacterium 0.15～0.25kg mixes above-mentioned materials, stirs to get final product.
2. method of using the said watermelon of claim 1 cave disk base material graft seedling growth may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation before growing seedlings is comprising the preparation of seedling medium;
(2) seeding and growing seedling;
(3) after planting seedbed management;
(4) rice shoot grafting;
(5) management of Graft;
The management that is divided into before becoming to live is managed with the back that becomes to live:
(1) become preceding management alive to comprise management, the control of aspects such as temperature, humidity, illumination, air port;
(2) become back alive management to comprise the operations such as management, control and excision lateral bud of aspects such as temperature, moisture, fertilizer, illumination;
It is characterized in that: grow seedlings in step (two) seeding and growing seedling and before the plan customized time, carried out in 30～35 days.
3. the method for watermelon according to claim 2 cave disk base material graft seedling growth; It is characterized in that: when the management of said step (five) Graft, temperature treatment in the management before become living, should be after grafting in 2～3 days; Temperature should be controlled at: 26～28 ℃ of daytimes; 22～24 ℃ of evenings, suitably reduce by 2～3 ℃ according to the wound healing situation later on to temperature, get into normal temps management in seedling stage after 8～10 days.
4. the method for watermelon according to claim 2 cave disk base material graft seedling growth is characterized in that: when the management of said step (five) Graft, moisture management in the management before become living, should be after grafting a few days ago humidity be controlled at 95%～100%; Two days later, humidity is reduced to gradually and gets into the field run plant moisture management after 80%～90%, 7 days.
5. the method for watermelon according to claim 2 cave disk base material graft seedling growth; It is characterized in that: the management of said step (five) Graft; During illumination management in the management before become living, should shading in 3 days after grafting, the morning and evening is seen natural light after 3 days; 8-10 days, get into normal illumination management in seedling stage.
6. the method for watermelon according to claim 2 cave disk base material graft seedling growth; It is characterized in that: the management of said step (five) Graft; During temperature treatment in the back management of become living, should be when the watermelon seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart temperature be 15 ℃～16 ℃ of temperature at night, preceding 5～7 days of field planting; Temperature is controlled at: be 22 ℃～24 ℃ daytime, and be 13 ℃～15 ℃ night.
7. the method for watermelon according to claim 2 cave disk base material graft seedling growth; It is characterized in that: the management of said step (five) Graft; During water management in the back management of become living; Should make seedling medium moisture keep 75%～80% of water retaining capacity, the moisturizing work of rice shoot will be in 10 completion in the past in the morning.
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| CN103098654A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-15 | 安徽科技学院 | High-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology |
| CN103229655A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN103283501A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-11 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for improving top inserting grafting survival rate of watermelons |
| CN103420730A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Hole-tray vegetable cultivation substrate |
| CN104098394A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-15 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Biological-chemical seedling growing substrate and use thereof |
| CN104429499A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 吴任平 | Industrialized seedling production method for Maling watermelons |
| CN104710230A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Seedling cultivation matrix for organic production of greenhouse solanaceous and melon vegetables |
| CN112119843A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-25 | 华中农业大学 | Watermelon plug seedling cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103098654A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-15 | 安徽科技学院 | High-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology |
| CN103098654B (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽科技学院 | A method for cultivating woody honeysuckle seedlings by high position grafting |
| CN103229655A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN103229655B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-05-20 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN103283501A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-11 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for improving top inserting grafting survival rate of watermelons |
| CN103420730A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Hole-tray vegetable cultivation substrate |
| CN103420730B (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-04-08 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Hole-tray vegetable cultivation substrate |
| CN104710230A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Seedling cultivation matrix for organic production of greenhouse solanaceous and melon vegetables |
| CN104098394A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-15 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Biological-chemical seedling growing substrate and use thereof |
| CN104429499A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 吴任平 | Industrialized seedling production method for Maling watermelons |
| CN104429499B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-12-26 | 吴任平 | A kind of method of horse mound kind of watermelon industrial seedling rearing |
| CN112119843A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-25 | 华中农业大学 | Watermelon plug seedling cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |