CN102057851B - New technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in current year - Google Patents
New technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in current year Download PDFInfo
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- CN102057851B CN102057851B CN 201010522699 CN201010522699A CN102057851B CN 102057851 B CN102057851 B CN 102057851B CN 201010522699 CN201010522699 CN 201010522699 CN 201010522699 A CN201010522699 A CN 201010522699A CN 102057851 B CN102057851 B CN 102057851B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in the current year. The technique comprises the following steps: culturing the apocarya in an improved outdoor sowing method for seedling in the current year; cutting the root when seedlings and seeds are transplanted from a seedbed to a nursery, and building a free stock nursery; selecting the robust apocarya seedlings in current year as the free stock which has leading thread more than or equal to 0.5cm from the seedlings sown in the current year; cutting the part of the free stock on the ground above 25cm in a week before grafting; choosing branches grown in the current year having full bud, short inter-node and rich development from a grain ear picking tree, and carrying out patch budding on the branch on the part of the free stock about 10-15cm on the ground in the solar terms having average daily temperature from 25 to 30 DEG C between August and September; and before wrapping up, tearing down a small phloem from the part under the free stock notch so as to ensure that the bleeding can flow out. By utilizing the technical scheme, the apocarya which is sown in the current year can grow into a tree having the thickness meeting the demand of grafting; and through grafting in the current year, the seedling period is shortened, the tree is dwarf, the juvenile phase is shortened, and the fructification is obtained earlier.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seedling growing process field of plant, particularly relate to the seedling-cultivating method of sowing grafting then then.
Background technology
Apocarya [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) k.Koch.] has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, the hickory.Originating in the U.S. and Mexico, is one of important in the world oil plant dry fruit tree variety, and its shell approaches easy stripping, kernel is plump, flavor perfume is good to eat, has higher nutritive value.Perfectly straight, the tree-like grace of trunk, well established and vigorously developing is to turn the four sides green and the fine tree species of ornamental plantation.The tough and tensile densification of timber simultaneously, heartwood is dark red, sapwood is yellowish-white, full of elasticity, not yielding and cracking, is good commerical tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya be that purposes is wide, the benefit period long (50～70a), high, the social benefit of economic benefit and the tangible good economic tree of ecological benefits.
China promptly begins to carry out the introducing and planting of apocarya from 20 beginnings of the century; But because the factors such as improved seeds shortage of slow, the suitable various places of its result; At present apocarya still is fragmentary distribution in China, really form output, to press fruits that manage in the nut orchard, high and stable yields still rare with the garden.The key factor of restriction production development has two, and one is to lack sufficient improved seeds nursery stock, and another is the culture technique of lack of scientific system.So,, all must solve the vegetative propagation technique of apocarya as early as possible in order to do sth. in advance result, stunted tree body and batch reproduction improved variety.
Jiangsu Province Plant Inst. is since the seventies in 20th century; Plant the good offspring of growing directly from seeds of a large amount of apocaryas, study emphasis apocarya fine individual plant is selected, and has successively carried out vegetative propagation experiments such as apocarya cuttage and grafting; But reproduction coefficient is lower; Seedling quality is uneven, and the vegetative propagation technique of apocarya still rests on trial property experimental stage, also do not form a kind of can large-scale popularization and the maturation method of repeated authentication.At present, the fruit of domestic apocarya is more with area under cultivation, and also has the trend that further enlarges, but the lazy weight of seedling is one of key factor of current limit production development.The grow directly from seeds seedling of breeding of apocarya is a system of taproot seedling, and main root is very flourishing, and lateral root is less, and its underground part amount of growth is far longer than overground part, so that great majority sowing seedling then do not reach the rugosity that grafting requires, and growing-seedling period is slow.
Therefore; How to realize that this anvil of apocarya graft seedling growth is the key technology of a development apocarya industry, the problem that the long and suitable adult apocarya growth branch of doing scion of apocarya tree big, virgin phase of height lacks still is the principal element that seriously restricts the apocarya industry development.For satisfying the demand of production aspect; We improve the method for conventional outdoor sowing; And good tree seedling then carried out grafting then autumn; Be intended to carry out the regulation and control that suppress underground part, promote overground part, the purpose that shorten growing-seedling period to reach, increases the quantity of growing seedlings to sowing seedling then.If present technique can successfully break through, can solve not only then that the tree height is big, the problem of Tong Qichang, and can guide be provided for the apocarya kindization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to; Long to above-mentioned apocarya seedling growing-seedling period, seedling underground part amount of growth is far longer than the overground part amount of growth, and technical problem such as tree big, virgin phase of height is long; And in the grafting process; The keys such as grasp of cultivation, acquisition time, store method and the grafting time of scion in enormous quantities provide the complete apocarya of a cover to sow the breeding method that grafting then obtains grafting then, to realize breeding of apocarya grafting in enormous quantities; And reach the shortening growing-seedling period, tree low bodyization, result's purpose ahead of time.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme below the present invention has adopted:
A kind of apocarya is sowed the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of grafting then then, and its step is following:
(1) foundation in this anvil of apocarya nursery, sows and grow seedlings, adopt improvement outdoor sowing mode to cultivate and give birth to seedling then, cut root when transplanting seedling continuous cropping to the nursery from the seedbed and handle;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with apocarya bearing tree growth branch;
(3) the apocarya seedling of choosing leading thread >=0.5cm, robust growth in the tree seedling then is a stock, grafting the last week with stock on the ground 25cm cut dry treatment with the upper part;
(4) collection of scion and storage; Select at the beginning of autumn late summer to adopt the current-year branch that bud is full on the fringe elite stand, internode short and growth is enriched, the fringe bar is preferably adopted at present at present and is connect, otherwise places shady place to be no more than 18h with the wet towel covering; Or use the plastic film sealed envelope, place the Cool Room 4 storage;
(5) grafting is carried out the square bud grafting at stock acrial part 10～15cm place, before wrapping, the fritter phloem of tearing below the stock otch is flowed out to guarantee bleeding;
(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.
Different height above sea level climatic environments, anvil spike attitude is all different, in mountain area, hills, East China, the suitable time of grafting be 8～September daily mean temperature about 22～30 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One. utilize well developed root system, sprout the strong living then apocarya seedling of an ability as stock; Growth branch with the apocarya of growing up is scion; Sow the treelet that grafting is then bred then, cultivate through 2 years, can grow into stalwartness, bud is full, internode is short improved seeds grafting;
Two. influence the factor of this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate; Except that the apocarya cambium is thin, medulla is big and tannin content high; Test the vitality that clear and definite its key technology also is how to ensure scion through for many years, with formation that promotes callus and the subsequent growth of setting body.The present invention has selected suitable grafting time and grafting method, makes scion can possess best vitality, thus the grafting effect that obtains.
Three. adopted above technical scheme; Can be with what obtain in a large number every year, vitality is vigorous, includes the scion of the branch physiological ripening characteristics of growing up; Grafting in good time is to strong this anvil nursery stock of affinity; Both improved this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate, graft survival rate in enormous quantities can reach about 90%, and storage rate is more than 80%; Make again the apocarya seedling of sowing grafting then then shorten growing-seedling period, and set body and realize dwarfing, shortening the juvenile phase, do sth. in advance the result that general height can be controlled in 5 meters voluntarily, and the 4th annual bearing after grafting, does sth. in advance 6-8 as a result; Mass, the kindization also set for apocarya are simultaneously grown seedlings, and the breeding method of workable this stock grafting seedling of apocarya is provided, thereby have improved the economic worth of apocarya greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that improvement outdoor sowing mode is cultivated living then apocarya seedling figure;
Fig. 2 cuts root processing figure when being the apocarya seedling replanting;
Fig. 3 is 1 year living apocarya seedling figure after the improvement outdoor sowing;
Fig. 4 gets the full bud figure in the apocarya scion with the special-purpose cutter of bud grafting;
Fig. 5 is the fritter phloem figure that below apocarya stock otch, tears;
Fig. 6 is with plastic film strip fixing wrapping stock and bud sheet figure;
Fig. 7 is apocarya bud sheet and the tight Pareto diagram of stock cambium behind the grafting survival;
Fig. 8 is the living high-quality apocarya grafting figure in 2 years of grafting survival.
Embodiment
Do a detailed explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of apocarya is sowed this stock grafting seedling breeding method of grafting then then, and step is following:
(1) foundation in this anvil of apocarya nursery, sows, grows seedlings, adopt improvement outdoor sowing mode to cultivate and give birth to seedling then, cut root when transplanting seedling continuous cropping to the nursery from the seedbed and handle;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with apocarya bearing tree growth branch;
(3) the apocarya seedling of choosing leading thread >=0.5cm, robust growth in the tree seedling then is a stock, grafting the last week with stock on the ground 25cm cut dry treatment with the upper part;
(4) collection of scion and storage; Select at the beginning of autumn late summer to adopt the current-year branch that bud is full on the fringe elite stand, internode short and growth is enriched, the fringe bar is preferably adopted at present at present and is connect, otherwise places shady place to be no more than 18h with the wet towel covering; Or use the plastic film sealed envelope, place the Cool Room 4 storage;
(5) grafting is carried out the square bud grafting at stock acrial part 10～15cm place, before wrapping, the fritter phloem of tearing below the stock otch is flowed out to guarantee bleeding;
(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.
We have 150 mu of apocarya seedling-wood breeding bases (knob, East China) in Xue Bu town, Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, adopt improvement outdoor sowing mode, cut root when transplanting seedling continuous cropping to the nursery from the seedbed and handle, and set up apocarya seedling nursery.
In January, 2009, select leeward area without shade, dig the outdoor bed.The dark 40cm of bed, bedside 100cm.And edge of bed soil clapped be tight compact, in order to avoid collapse.Insert clean yellow sand, the about 30cm of yellow sand layer thickness.After wipeing off with plank, above seed is sprinkled upon equably, and then cover 2～3cm with yellow sand.Cover and water after appropriate permeablely, last land used membrane cover is done arch with bamboo chip again in the yellow sand surface, covers thick plastic film, uses soil pressure tight all around, forms the warm canopy of a high about 60cm.After the 50% bud head of having an appointment exposes sand, remove mulch film.When fine noon, temperature raise, need two ends, seedbed film is opened ventilation.Grow to Zhan Yehou when seedling rises rapidly, plastic film is opened the refining seedling.Mid-April, most of seedling heights reach more than the 10cm.Transplant the seedling of height more than 10cm this moment.During transplanting, directly seedling continuous cropping is extracted from yellow sand at leisure, this moment, main root length was 20～25cm mostly, wiped out the main root redundance, kept about 8cm, then seedling was planted preprepared plot in the nursery, land for growing field crops, carried out normal management.The average plant height of apocarya seedling of life in 1 year is 45.37cm, and leading thread is 0.78cm, obviously is superior to the seedling of conventional outdoor sowing; And during seedling replanting; Stimulated it to increase girth growth thereby its main root cuts off,, help the grafting of this anvil to guarantee the stock of a large amount of high-qualitys.
By the end of August the top of seedling is cut driedly, kept 50～80cm trunk, select 8～September daily mean temperature about 22～30 ℃, to carry out the square bud grafting and handle.The fringe bar of adopting on the fringe elite stand should be adopted existing usefulness at present, removes petiole, as taking the time to carry at most a few days ago in advance, places shady and cool moist place, covers with wet towel.With special catling, place the full bud place of scion, make bud be in center position up and down, the crosscut scion reaches xylem deeply, and vertical drawing hits exactly about two cuttves are in bud, two vertical cutter spacing 0.8～1.2cm.When getting bud, with thumb and forefinger control bud or petiole, thumb is firmly pressed to scion, and bud is broken off with the fingers and thumb down, guarantees that the vascular bundle under the bud is injury-free.
Liftoff 5-10cm place on stock selects a perfectly straight smooth position, and opaco preferably the phloem of size such as take off with the method for operating of catling when getting bud, and the fritter phloem of below otch, tearing flows out to guarantee bleeding.The bud sheet is attached on the stock, the compacting of aliging up and down, can not arch upward in the centre.Tie up with plastic film strip, be exposed at the outside with tearing breach under bud or petiole and the phloem when tying up, the bottom-up winding of wrapping rope, wrapping is closely.It is fast that whole operation is wanted, and avoids the cambium on bud sheet and the stock to expose too of a specified duration outside.
The 20th day after grafting is accomplished begins to erase rudiment bar longer on the apocarya stock, and separates in spring next year and to tie up, and the inspection survival rate reaches more than 80%; This moment, the grafting healing was good; Sprout is full, and branch development enriches healthy and strong, and no trunk is crooked; There is certain rugosity in stem, and root system is complete and flourishing relatively.Before the branch rudiment with after soil thaws, for avoid nursery stock especially root system in lifting and transportation, suffer freeze injury, can carry out lifting.Between planting season, note extermination of disease and insect pest management at apocarya simultaneously.
Claims (2)
1. an apocarya is sowed the seedling-cultivating method of grafting then then, it is characterized in that step is following:
(1) foundation in this anvil of apocarya nursery, sows, grows seedlings, adopt improvement outdoor sowing mode to cultivate and give birth to seedling then: select leeward area without shade January, dig the outdoor bed; The dark 40cm of bed; Bedside 100cm, and the soil of edge of bed clapped be tight compact, in order to avoid collapse; Insert clean yellow sand, the about 30cm of yellow sand layer thickness is after the plank strickling; Above seed is sprinkled upon equably, and then cover 2～3cm with yellow sand, cover water after appropriate permeable; Last land used membrane cover is done arch with bamboo chip again in the yellow sand surface, covers thick plastic film; Use soil pressure tight all around, form the warm canopy of a high about 60cm; After 50% the bud head of having an appointment exposes sand, throw off mulch film; When fine noon, temperature raise, need two ends, seedbed plastic film is opened ventilation, when growth of seedling to Zhan Yehou, plastic film is opened the refining seedling; Mid-April, the seedling of height more than 10cm transplanted; During transplanting, directly seedling continuous cropping is extracted from yellow sand at leisure, this moment, main root length was 20～25cm, wiped out the main root redundance, kept about 8cm, then seedling was planted preprepared plot in the nursery, land for growing field crops, carried out normal management;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with apocarya bearing tree growth branch;
(3) the apocarya seedling of choosing leading thread >=0.5cm, robust growth in the tree seedling then is a stock, grafting the last week with stock on the ground 25cm cut dry treatment with the upper part;
(4) collection of scion and storage: select at the beginning of autumn late summer to adopt the current-year branch that bud is full on the fringe elite stand, internode short and growth is enriched, the fringe bar should be adopted at present at present and connect, and removes petiole; Place shady and cool moist place and be no more than 18h otherwise should cover, or use the plastic film sealed envelope, place the Cool Room 4 storage with wet towel;
(5) selection daily mean temperature in 8～September carries out square bud grafting processing in the time of 22～30 ℃; Adopt catling, place the full bud place of scion, make bud be in center position up and down, the crosscut scion reaches xylem deeply, and vertical drawing hits exactly about two cuttves are in bud, two vertical cutter spacing 0.8～1.2cm; When getting bud, with thumb and forefinger control bud or petiole, thumb is firmly pressed to scion, and bud is broken off with the fingers and thumb down, guarantees that the vascular bundle under the bud is injury-free; At stock acrial part 10-15cm place, select the perfectly straight smooth position of opaco, take off the phloem that waits size with the method for operating of catling when getting bud, and the fritter phloem of below otch, tearing is with the outflow of assurance bleeding; The bud sheet is attached on the stock, the compacting of aliging up and down, can not arch upward in the centre; Tie up with plastic film strip, be exposed at the outside with tearing breach under bud and the phloem when tying up, the bottom-up winding of wrapping rope, wrapping is closely; Whole operation should be rapid, avoids the cambium on bud sheet and the stock to expose of a specified duration outside;
(6) the 20th day after grafting is accomplished begins to erase rudiment bar longer on the apocarya stock, and separates in spring next year and to tie up, and the inspection survival rate reaches more than 80%; This moment, the grafting healing was good; Sprout is full, and branch development enriches healthy and strong, and no trunk is crooked; There is certain rugosity in stem, and root system is complete and flourishing relatively; Before the branch rudiment, carry out lifting after thawing with soil; Between planting season, note extermination of disease and insect pest management at apocarya simultaneously.
2. a kind of apocarya according to claim 1 is sowed the seedling-cultivating method of grafting then then, it is characterized in that, grafting time in the said step (5) and place in mountain area, hills, East China, 8～September 25～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures.
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