CN102057851B - New technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in current year - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a new seedling-raising technology of hickory nuts sown in the same year and grafted in the same year. The steps are as follows: adopting an improved open-field sowing method to cultivate the seedlings of hickory nuts grown in the same year, and transplanting the seedlings together with the seeds from the seedbed to the nursery. Root cutting treatment, set up this stock nursery; choose the year's sowing seedling ground diameter ≥ 0.5cm, grow vigorously in that year as the rootstock, and cut off the above-ground parts of the rootstock above 25cm one week before grafting; The branches of the year with full buds, short internodes, and well-developed branches on the mother tree are used for square budding at the 10-15cm aboveground part of the rootstock during August-September when the daily average temperature is around 25-30°C. Tear off a small piece of phloem under the cut of the rootstock to ensure the drainage of the wound. The technical scheme can realize that the seedlings of the hickory nut can reach the thickness required for grafting in the same year, and the grafting can be carried out in the same year to shorten the seedling raising cycle and achieve the purposes of dwarfing the tree body, shortening the childhood period, and early fruiting.

Description

A kind of seedling raising method of grafting in the same year of sowing and grafting of thin-shell hickory in the same year

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of growing seedlings of plants, in particular to a seedling raising method for grafting in the same year of sowing in the same year.

Background technique

Thin-shell hickory [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) k. Koch.], also known as American hickory, is a species of Juglandaceae and Hickory. Native to the United States and Mexico, it is one of the most important oil-bearing dried fruit tree species in the world. Its shell is thin and easy to peel, its kernels are thick and fleshy, and it has a delicious taste and high nutritional value. The trunk is straight, the tree shape is beautiful, the roots are deep and the leaves are luxuriant, and it is an excellent tree species for greening and gardening around. At the same time, the wood is tough and dense, with dark red heartwood, yellow-white sapwood, high elasticity, and is not easy to deform and crack. It is an excellent timber tree species for construction and high-end furniture. Therefore, pecan is an excellent economic tree species with wide application, long benefit period (50-70 years), high economic benefit, obvious social benefit and ecological benefit.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, my country has begun to introduce and cultivate pecans with thin shells. However, due to factors such as late results and lack of fine varieties suitable for various places, pecans with thin shells are still scattered in my country at present. There are not many fruit orchards operated by orchards with stable and high yields. There are two key factors restricting the development of production, one is the lack of sufficient seedlings of good varieties, and the other is the lack of scientific and systematic cultivation techniques. Therefore, in order to bear fruit early, dwarf the tree body and breed in batches, it is necessary to solve the vegetative propagation technology of hickory nuts as soon as possible.

Since the 1970s, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province, has planted a large number of excellent seedlings of Carya carya, focusing on the selection of good individual plants of Carya carya, and has successively carried out asexual reproduction experiments such as cuttings and grafting of Carya carya, But the reproduction coefficient is low, the quality of seedlings is uneven, and the vegetative propagation technology of the thin-shell hickory is still in the experimental stage, and a mature method that can be popularized and repeatedly verified has not yet been formed. At present, the fruit cultivation area of hickory nuts in China is relatively large, and there is a trend of further expansion, but the insufficient number of seedlings is one of the important factors restricting the development of production. The seedlings of hickory nuts propagated by seeds are tap root seedlings, the main root is very developed, the lateral roots are few, and the growth of the underground part is much larger than that of the aboveground part, so that most of the seedlings in the year of sowing cannot reach the thickness required for grafting. slow.

Therefore, how to realize the grafting and raising seedlings of hickory nuts on the stock is a key technology for the development of hickory nuts industry, and the hickory hickory trees are tall, have a long childhood and are suitable for scion growing branches. Still be the main factor that seriously restricts the development of the hickory nut industry. In order to meet the needs of production, we have improved the conventional open-field sowing method, and grafted the excellent seedlings sown in the current year in the autumn of the year, aiming to suppress the underground part and promote the regulation of the aboveground part of the seedlings sown in the current year, so as to achieve shortening. Seedling cycle, the purpose of increasing the number of seedlings. If this technology can be successfully broken through, it will not only solve the problems of tall trees and long childhood, but also provide guidance for the variety of hickory with thin shells.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems such as the long growth period of the above-mentioned hickory carya seedlings, the growth of the underground part of the seedlings far greater than the growth of the above-ground parts, the height of the tree body, and the long childhood period, as well as the large-scale scion in the grafting process. The cultivation, collection time, preservation method and grafting time are the key points, and a complete set of cultivation methods for grafted seedlings obtained by grafting in the same year of planting and grafting of pecan is provided to realize the breeding of large-scale grafted seedlings of pecan, and To achieve the purpose of shortening the seedling cultivation period, dwarfing the tree body and early fruiting.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of cultivating method of the grafted seedlings of the original stock grafted in the year sown in the same year of hickory nut, the steps are as follows:

(1) The establishment, sowing and seedling raising of the root stock nursery of Carya carya, adopt the improved open-field sowing method to cultivate the seedlings of the year, and carry out the root cutting process when the seedlings and seeds are transplanted from the seedbed to the nursery;

(2) The establishment of the ear-picking nursery is to cultivate the female parent tree of ear-picking with the growth branch of the adult tree of Carya carya as a scion;

(3) choose the hickory carya seedlings with ground diameter ≥ 0.5cm and strong growth in the year sowing seedlings as rootstock, and carry out cut-off treatment on the above-ground 25cm part of rootstock one week before grafting;

(4) For the collection and storage of scions, in the late summer and early autumn, select the current year’s branches with full buds, short internodes and well-developed branches on the mother tree for scion picking. No more than 18 hours, or sealed with plastic film, stored in a 4 ℃ cold storage;

(5) Grafting, carry out block budding at the 10-15cm aboveground part of the rootstock, and tear off a small piece of phloem below the incision of the rootstock before bandaging to ensure that the wound flows out;

(6) Nursing of grafted seedlings until they emerge from the nursery.

Different altitudes and climate environments have different rootstock and ear states. In the hilly and mountainous areas of East China, the suitable time for grafting is when the average daily temperature is around 22-30°C from August to September.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

One. Utilize the well-developed root system and the strong seedlings of Carya carya in that year as rootstock, and the growth branch of Carya carya as a scion, sow the saplings that were grafted and brought up in that year, and after 2 years of cultivation, you can get final product Grow into grafted seedlings of excellent varieties with strong, full buds and short internodes;

2. Factors that affect the grafting survival rate of hickory nuts on this stock, except that hickory nuts have thin cambium, large pith and high tannin content, after years of experiments, it is clear that the key technology is how to ensure the viability of the scion. To promote the formation of callus and the subsequent growth of the tree. The present invention selects the appropriate grafting time and grafting mode, so that the scion can maintain the best vitality, thereby achieving a good grafting effect.

3. Adopting the above technical scheme, the scion that can be obtained in large quantities every year, vigorous, and includes the physiological maturity characteristics of adult branches can be grafted to the strong native stock seedlings with strong affinity in time, which not only improves the original quality of the thin shell hickory. The survival rate of anvil grafting, the survival rate of large-scale grafting can reach about 90%, and the preservation rate is more than 80%. It also shortens the seedling cultivation cycle of the pecan seedlings grafted in the same year, and realizes dwarfing, shortening childhood, and early As a result, the general height can be controlled within 5 meters by itself, and it will bear fruit in the 4th year after grafting, and the fruit will be 6-8 years earlier; at the same time, it also provides operability for the batch and variety seedling cultivation of thin-shell hickory trees The invention discloses a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of strong thin-shelled hickory nuts, thereby greatly improving the economic value of thin-shelled hickory nuts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is to improve the open-field sowing method to cultivate the raw thin-shell hickory seedling figure of the year;

Fig. 2 is that the root cutting process figure is carried out when the hickory nut seedlings are transplanted;

Fig. 3 is the 1-year-old hickory carya seedling figure after improving open field sowing;

Fig. 4 is to take the plump bud figure on the hickory nut scion of thin shell with special knife for bud grafting;

Fig. 5 is to tear off a small piece of phloem figure below the kerya rootstock otch;

Fig. 6 is fixedly wrapping rootstock and bud sheet figure with plastic film strip;

Fig. 7 is a close arrangement diagram of the hickory walnut bud sheet and rootstock cambium after grafting survived;

Fig. 8 is the grafted seedling figure of the 2-year-old high-quality thin-shell hickory which survived grafting.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: a kind of method for cultivating grafted seedlings of the original stock grafted in the year of grafting in the year of sowing of a kind of thin shell pecan, the steps are as follows:

(1) The establishment, sowing, and seedling raising of the original stock nursery of Carya carya, adopt the improved open-field sowing method to cultivate the seedlings of the year, and carry out the root cutting process when the seedlings and seeds are transplanted from the seedbed to the nursery;

(2) The establishment of the ear-picking nursery is to cultivate the female parent tree of ear-picking with the growth branch of the adult tree of Carya carya as a scion;

(3) choose the hickory carya seedlings with ground diameter ≥ 0.5cm and strong growth in the year sowing seedlings as rootstock, and carry out cut-off treatment on the above-ground 25cm part of rootstock one week before grafting;

(4) For the collection and storage of scions, in the late summer and early autumn, select the current year’s branches with full buds, short internodes and well-developed branches on the mother tree for scion picking. No more than 18 hours, or sealed with plastic film, stored in a 4 ℃ cold storage;

(5) Grafting, carry out block budding at the 10-15cm aboveground part of the rootstock, and tear off a small piece of phloem below the incision of the rootstock before bandaging to ensure that the wound flows out;

(6) Nursing of grafted seedlings until they emerge from the nursery.

We have a 150-acre thin-shell hickory seedling breeding base in Xuebu Town, Jintan City, Jiangsu Province (hilly area in East China). We adopt an improved open-field sowing method, and cut the roots of the seedlings and seeds from the seedbed to the nursery to establish a thin-shell hickory. Shell hickory seedling nursery.

In January 2009, choose the leeward and sunny place, and dig the seedbed in the open field. The bed is 40cm deep and 100cm wide. And pat the soil along the bed tightly to prevent it from collapsing. Fill in clean yellow sand, the thickness of the yellow sand layer is about 30cm. After scraping with a wooden board, sprinkle the seeds evenly on it, and then cover it with yellow sand for 2-3cm. After the cover is completed, water it thoroughly, and finally cover the surface of the yellow sand with plastic film, then make an arch with bamboo slices, cover it with thick plastic film, and press it tightly with soil to form a greenhouse about 60cm high. When about 50% of the bud heads are exposed to the sand, remove the plastic film. When the temperature rises at noon on a sunny day, the films at both ends of the seedbed need to be opened for ventilation. When the seedlings grow rapidly to the stage of leaf expansion, the plastic film is uncovered to harden the seedlings. In mid-April, most seedlings are more than 10cm high. At this time, the seedlings with a height of more than 10 cm are transplanted. When transplanting, directly pull out the seedlings and seeds from the yellow sand. At this time, the length of the main root is mostly 20-25 cm. Cut off the excess part of the main root and keep about 8 cm, and then plant the seedlings into the field prepared in advance in the field nursery , for normal management. The average plant height of 1-year-old hickory seedlings is 45.37cm, and the ground diameter is 0.78cm, which is obviously better than that of conventional seedlings sown in the open field. When the seedlings are transplanted, their taproots are cut to stimulate their thickening and growth, so as to ensure A large number of high-quality rootstocks are conducive to the grafting of this stock.

Cut off the top of the seedlings at the end of August, keep the 50-80cm trunk, and choose the daily average temperature of August-September at about 22-30°C for square budding. The fringe on the ear-picking mother tree should be picked and used now, and the petioles should be removed. If it must be taken in advance, it should be taken at most two days in advance, placed in a cool and humid place, and covered with a wet towel. Put a special double-edged knife on the full bud of the scion, so that the bud is in the middle position up and down, cut across the scion as deep as the xylem, and make two longitudinal cuts so that the bud is in the middle of the left and right, and the distance between the two longitudinal knives is 0.8-1.2cm. When taking buds, use your thumb and forefinger to control the buds or petioles, and press your thumbs firmly against the scion to break off the buds to ensure that the vascular bundles under the buds are not damaged.

On the rootstock at a distance of 5-10cm from the ground, choose a straight and smooth position, preferably the backside, use a double-edged knife to remove the phloem of equal size according to the operation method when picking buds, and tear off a small piece below the incision Phloem to ensure wound flow out. Paste the bud slices on the rootstock, align up and down, left and right, and compact without arching in the middle. Bundle with plastic film strips. When bundling, the buds or petioles and the torn gaps under the phloem are exposed. The bundling rope is wound from bottom to top, and the bundling is tight. The whole operation should be done quickly to avoid exposing the cambium on the bud pieces and rootstock for too long.

On the 20th day after the grafting was completed, the bud strips grown on the hickory rootstock were wiped off, and untied in the spring of the following year, and the survival rate was checked to reach more than 80%. At this time, the grafted seedlings healed well, the buds were full, and the branches The growth is full and strong, there is no trunk bending, the stem has a certain thickness, and the root system is complete and relatively developed. Before the shoots germinate and after the soil is thawed, in order to avoid the seedlings, especially the roots, from being damaged by freezing during the raising and transportation, the seedlings can be raised. At the same time, pay attention to the management of disease and insect pest control during the planting period of thin-shelled pecans.

Claims (2)

1. an apocarya is sowed the seedling-cultivating method of grafting then then, it is characterized in that step is following:

(1) foundation in this anvil of apocarya nursery, sows, grows seedlings, adopt improvement outdoor sowing mode to cultivate and give birth to seedling then: select leeward area without shade January, dig the outdoor bed; The dark 40cm of bed; Bedside 100cm, and the soil of edge of bed clapped be tight compact, in order to avoid collapse; Insert clean yellow sand, the about 30cm of yellow sand layer thickness is after the plank strickling; Above seed is sprinkled upon equably, and then cover 2～3cm with yellow sand, cover water after appropriate permeable; Last land used membrane cover is done arch with bamboo chip again in the yellow sand surface, covers thick plastic film; Use soil pressure tight all around, form the warm canopy of a high about 60cm; After 50% the bud head of having an appointment exposes sand, throw off mulch film; When fine noon, temperature raise, need two ends, seedbed plastic film is opened ventilation, when growth of seedling to Zhan Yehou, plastic film is opened the refining seedling; Mid-April, the seedling of height more than 10cm transplanted; During transplanting, directly seedling continuous cropping is extracted from yellow sand at leisure, this moment, main root length was 20～25cm, wiped out the main root redundance, kept about 8cm, then seedling was planted preprepared plot in the nursery, land for growing field crops, carried out normal management;

(2) foundation of cutting orchard is that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with apocarya bearing tree growth branch;

(3) the apocarya seedling of choosing leading thread >=0.5cm, robust growth in the tree seedling then is a stock, grafting the last week with stock on the ground 25cm cut dry treatment with the upper part;

(4) collection of scion and storage: select at the beginning of autumn late summer to adopt the current-year branch that bud is full on the fringe elite stand, internode short and growth is enriched, the fringe bar should be adopted at present at present and connect, and removes petiole; Place shady and cool moist place and be no more than 18h otherwise should cover, or use the plastic film sealed envelope, place the Cool Room 4 storage with wet towel;

(5) selection daily mean temperature in 8～September carries out square bud grafting processing in the time of 22～30 ℃; Adopt catling, place the full bud place of scion, make bud be in center position up and down, the crosscut scion reaches xylem deeply, and vertical drawing hits exactly about two cuttves are in bud, two vertical cutter spacing 0.8～1.2cm; When getting bud, with thumb and forefinger control bud or petiole, thumb is firmly pressed to scion, and bud is broken off with the fingers and thumb down, guarantees that the vascular bundle under the bud is injury-free; At stock acrial part 10-15cm place, select the perfectly straight smooth position of opaco, take off the phloem that waits size with the method for operating of catling when getting bud, and the fritter phloem of below otch, tearing is with the outflow of assurance bleeding; The bud sheet is attached on the stock, the compacting of aliging up and down, can not arch upward in the centre; Tie up with plastic film strip, be exposed at the outside with tearing breach under bud and the phloem when tying up, the bottom-up winding of wrapping rope, wrapping is closely; Whole operation should be rapid, avoids the cambium on bud sheet and the stock to expose of a specified duration outside;

(6) the 20th day after grafting is accomplished begins to erase rudiment bar longer on the apocarya stock, and separates in spring next year and to tie up, and the inspection survival rate reaches more than 80%; This moment, the grafting healing was good; Sprout is full, and branch development enriches healthy and strong, and no trunk is crooked; There is certain rugosity in stem, and root system is complete and flourishing relatively; Before the branch rudiment, carry out lifting after thawing with soil; Between planting season, note extermination of disease and insect pest management at apocarya simultaneously.

2. a kind of apocarya according to claim 1 is sowed the seedling-cultivating method of grafting then then, it is characterized in that, grafting time in the said step (5) and place in mountain area, hills, East China, 8～September 25～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures.

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