CN101142884B - Method for cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling - Google Patents
Method for cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN101142884B CN101142884B CN200710068655A CN200710068655A CN101142884B CN 101142884 B CN101142884 B CN 101142884B CN 200710068655 A CN200710068655 A CN 200710068655A CN 200710068655 A CN200710068655 A CN 200710068655A CN 101142884 B CN101142884 B CN 101142884B
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- 241000899834 Obovaria olivaria Species 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 240000004875 Carya cathayensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000005663 Carya cathayensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001453450 Carya illinoinensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000305549 Platycarya strobilacea Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000422846 Sequoiadendron giganteum Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a cultivating method with Carya cathayensis stock as scion, the procedure of which is to establish a seedling nursery of Carya cathayensis stock; the Platycarya strobilacea, Carya cathayensis, American Carya cathayensis or Hu nan Carya cathayensis are adopted as the stock, and the growing branch of the bearing tree of Carya cathayensis is adopted as the breeding mother tree for scion and cutting; the bed seedling of Carya cathayensis or the Carya cathayensis with the diameter at ground level is equal to or larger than one point seven centimeter and transplanted at the beginning of November of the previous year before scion and the hardy Carya cathayensis with the growth of one to two years are chosen as the stock, and the spacing in the rows and spacing between rows is not less than twelve multiplied twenty five centimeters; in the period from 10th November in the previous year to 31st January then, the hardy breeding branch with full bud, short intersegment and growth of one or two years is collected from the scion mother tree in the cutting orchard as the scion, and is arranged after collection in the shadow for twelve hours to thirty six hours, and is sealed and packed in a plastic film, and is stored into a refrigerated storage at 4 DEG C; when thirty percent of stock seedling starts to sprout in the cutting orchard or in the transplanted ground, the scion is completed within two or three weeks. The technical proposal can dwarf the tree of the Carya cathayensis, shorten the childhood period and fruit ahead of time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the grafting method field of plant, particularly relate to a kind of breeding method of hickory nut stock grafting seedling.
Background technology
Cathay hickory (Carya cathayensis) belongs to Juglandaceae, hickory, and the temmoku mountain area that main product ground has a common boundary in Anhui, Zhejiang, because of its fruit has higher nutrition and economic worth, cultivated area increases greatly in recent years.But, existing cathay hickory woods all be adopt wild or the sowing seedling on the spot or transplant to foster and form, seedling forestation generally takes and just begins result (Wild hickory began the result in 12 years) more than 8 years, after entering the full bearing period and taking 20 years; The cathay hickory trunk is towering simultaneously, and high reaches 21 meters, and yields poorly down, and it is also very inconvenient to gather; Though cathay hickory improved seeds type and individual plant have selection, because vegetative propagation does not pass a test, be difficult to promote, also do not form kindization so far.So,, all must solve the vegetative propagation technique of cathay hickory as early as possible in order to do sth. in advance result, stunted tree body and batch reproduction improved variety.
As far back as early 1980s, units such as Zhejiang Forestry Institute, Lin'an County State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, prosperous northern State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, institute of Lin'an County woods section and Xuancheng Prefecture, Anhui Province State Forestry Administration, P.R. China have successively carried out the hickory grafting test and have attempted.But, utilize the adult branch of general cathay hickory to be scion, carrying out this anvil grafting test survival rate all rests on below 40%, and, but have the new problem of setting the slow easy formation of growth potential " old man tree " though can do sth. in advance the result, and the cathay hickory bearing tree is nourished and grown branch seldom based on fruit bearing shoot, as taking away as scion, will there be a little less than the veteran growth potential output problem such as fall sharply; Can reach 90%～93% and utilize cathay hickory nursery stock branch to carry out this anvil grafting test survival rate, still, not lack practical value because reaching the purpose of doing sth. in advance result, stunted tree body and reproduction improved variety for scion; Fragrant (the genus Juglandaceae of utilizationization was also arranged in the past, Platycarya strobilacea belongs to) be that stock and cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch are 84%～88% for scion grafting test survival rate, but because the incompatibility between seeds, after having arrived 5-10, understand natural cracking and death between scion and the stock, storage rate only is in 10%.
Therefore, before the inventive method, the vegetative propagation technique of cathay hickory still rests on test and trial stage, also do not form a kind of can large-scale popularization and the method for the maturation of repeated authentication, therefore, big, a virgin phase length of hickory height and a suitable adult hickory growth problem that lacks of doing scion still are main difficult problems that seriously restricts the cathay hickory industry development.Therefore, how to realize that the hickory nut stock graft seedling growth is the key technology of a development cathay hickory industry, the tree height is big, the problem of Tong Qichang with regard to not only solving if can successfully break through, and can lay the foundation for the kindization of later cathay hickory.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, at a long and suitable adult hickory growth technical problem that lacks of doing scion of big, virgin phase of above-mentioned hickory height, in the grafting process, the keys such as grasp of cultivation, acquisition time, preservation condition and the grafting time of scion in enormous quantities, the breeding method of the complete hickory nut stock grafting seedling of one cover is provided, with breeding of realization cathay hickory grafting in enormous quantities, and reach the purpose of setting low bodyization, doing sth. in advance the result.
To achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of breeding method of hickory nut stock grafting seedling, its step is as follows:
(1) foundation in hickory nut stock nursery, sows and grow seedlings;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is so that to change perfume (or spice), cathay hickory, pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory be stock and be that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch;
(3) choose that to stay bed or the leading thread 〉=0.7cm that transplants at the beginning of 11 months the previous years of grafting, 1～2 year healthy and strong living cathay hickory tree seedling be stock, seeding row spacing is not less than 12 * 25cm;
(4) collection of scion and storage, in November 10 of last year between January 31 then, from cutting orchard adopt the fringe stock tree gather healthy and strong, bud is full, internode is short gave birth to the growth branch in 1～2 year and be scion, gathering the back placed 12～36 hours at shady place, use the plastic film sealed envelope again, place the Cool Room 4 storage;
(5) grafting when 30% rootstock seedling begins Germination to Frondescent in nursery or the transplanting ground, is finished grafting in 2～3 weeks;
(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.
The climatic environment of different height above sea level, anvil spike attitude is all different, existing most of cathay hickory base of growing seedlings is based upon height above sea level and locates for about 100 meters, its suitable grafting time April 15 to April 28; This moment, the phloem of cathay hickory began easy the separation with xylem.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, utilize well developed root system, sprout the strong change perfume (or spice) of an ability as stock, growth branch with the hickory of growing up is scion, the cutting orchard that the treelet that grafting is bred is set up, after cultivating by 2 years, can be annual collect stalwartness, bud is full, internode is short annual branch high-quality scion from these stock trees in a large number; Simultaneously, utilize cathay hickory, pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory to be stock, with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch is scion, the treelet that grafting is bred is set up cutting orchard, changing that fragrant anvil is adopted the fringe stock tree because not affine and beginning when dead like this, these stock trees just can begin to have gathered the scion of annual branch high-quality in a large number through cultivation in a few years.
Two, influence the factor of hickory nut stock graft survival rate, except that the cathay hickory cambium is thin, medulla is big and tannin content high, through testing the vitality that clear and definite its key also is how to ensure scion, to facilitate callus to form and the subsequent growth of tree body.The present invention has selected suitable scion acquisition time, preservation condition and grafting time, makes scion can possess best vitality, thus the grafting effect that obtains.
Three, adopted above technical scheme, can be obtained every year in a large number, vitality is vigorous, include the scion of the branch physiological ripening characteristics of growing up, grafting in good time is to strong this anvil nursery stock of affinity, both improved the hickory nut stock graft survival rate, graft survival rate in enormous quantities can reach about 90%, and storage rate is more than 80%; Make the hickory body realize dwarfing, shortening the juvenile phase again, do sth. in advance the result, general height can be controlled in 5 meters voluntarily, and the 4th annual bearing after grafting, does sth. in advance 6-8 as a result; Also grow seedlings simultaneously, the breeding method of workable hickory nut stock grafting seedling is provided, thereby has improved the economic worth of cathay hickory greatly for the mass of hickory, kindization.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is made a detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of breeding method of hickory nut stock grafting seedling, step is as follows:
(1) foundation in hickory nut stock nursery, sows and grow seedlings;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is so that to change perfume (or spice), cathay hickory, pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory be stock and be that the scion engrafting and cultivating is adopted the fringe stock tree with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch;
(3) choose that to stay bed or the leading thread 〉=0.7cm that transplants at the beginning of 11 months the previous years of grafting, 1～2 year healthy and strong living cathay hickory tree seedling be stock, seeding row spacing is not less than 12 * 25cm;
(4) collection of scion and storage, in November 10 of last year between January 31 then, from cutting orchard adopt the fringe stock tree gather healthy and strong, bud is full, internode is short gave birth to the growth branch in 1～2 year and be scion, gathering the back placed 12～36 hours at shady place, use the plastic film sealed envelope again, place the Cool Room 4 storage;
(5) grafting when 30% rootstock seedling begins Germination to Frondescent in nursery or the transplanting ground, is finished grafting in 2～3 weeks;
(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.
We have 100 mu of cathay hickory seedling-wood breeding bases (about 100 meters of height above sea level) in Linan City, Zhejiang algae small stream town, establish the cutting orchard in transition period, utilize well developed root system, sprout the strong change perfume (or spice) of an ability and form stock tree, after cultivating in 2 years, can collect stalwartness, bud is full, internode is short annual branch high-quality scion in a large number as the growth branch on the big tree of stock grafting cathay hickory; Simultaneously, utilize cathay hickory (also can be pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory) to be stock, with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch is scion, the treelet that grafting is bred is set up cutting orchard, through cultivation in a few years, these stock trees just can change that fragrant anvil is adopted the fringe stock tree because not affine and beginning when dead, and beginning is a large amount of gathers the scion of annual branch high-quality, thereby can provide every year a large amount of high-quality scion to guarantee the large scale cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling.
About March 20 calendar year 2001, the annual cathay hickory seedling of choosing leading thread 〉=0.7cm, stalwartness is a stock, concentrates and transplants, and seeding row spacing is 12 * 25cm.To mid or late April, select leaf just to begin the nursery stock plant of unfolding, about 10cm place cuts and does apart from ground, from about 1/4～1/5 rip cutting of cross section, about deeply 3cm is at the about 2.5cm of little tangent plane xylem place, with about 35 inwardly tiltedly partial applications of degree oblique angle, reject the top xylem, keep phloem; Get the simple bud scion, be about 4.5cm: 1.5cm on the bud, bud is about 3.0cm down, be cut into the about 3cm of long tangent plane at its bud back side, bud down about 0.5cm place down cutter be cut into shallow tangent plane (cut phloem or slightly xylem), spend in the angles to 2.5cm place commentaries on classics about 35 and cut sth. askew to the bottom, be wedge; The long tangent plane cambium of scion is aimed at the both sides cambium of the big tangent plane of stock, aims at least on one side, and little tangent plane phloem of shallow tangent plane and stock and terminal cambium are fitted, then, seal whole tangent planes, tighten again with nylon film, avoid the displacement of anvil fringe cambium during colligation, expose scion bud head.
Grafting the 20th day after finishing begins to erase rudiment bar longer above the cathay hickory stock, checked once every 25 days, to July 20 do not need a large amount of bud pickings substantially.Add up survival rate to November then and reach 91%.The afforestation of going up a hill in 2002, survival rate reach 90%, 2005 year investigation 60% nursery stock and yield positive results.The nursery stock interface is acted normally, and the tree body has been realized the safety management mode of the dwarfing of cathay hickory when doing sth. in advance the result in 4 meters.
Because follow-up managements such as the sowing of cathay hickory and other preventing disease and pests are prior art, do not give unnecessary details for this reason.
The concrete operation method of above-mentioned grafting (being grafting method) is a prior art, can be that top cut-grafting method also can adopt the same method of amplexiforming that is suitable for.That is, cut to do at about 20cm place apart from ground at stock, cut sth. askew at about 10cm place down at it, end gos deep into the about 0.3cm of xylem, and tangent plane is about 3cm; Amplexiform at the about 2.5cm of small pieces xylem place, it can avoid the withered top of stock tangent plane, increases healed surface; To cut sth. askew to the bottom in about 35 degree angles, reject the small pieces xylem; All the other operations are the same.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment; so long as adopted cultural method acquisition time, preservation condition and the grafting time of the scion that the inventive method provides; no matter be to adopt which kind of grafting method; carry out which kind of equivalents and modification, all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the breeding method of a hickory nut stock grafting seedling is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) foundation in hickory nut stock nursery, sows and grow seedlings;
(2) foundation of cutting orchard is so that to change perfume (or spice), cathay hickory, pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory be stock and be that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch;
(3) choose that to stay bed or the leading thread 〉=0.7cm that transplants at the beginning of 11 months the previous years of grafting, 1～2 year healthy and strong living cathay hickory tree seedling be stock, seeding row spacing is not less than 12 * 25cm;
(4) collection of scion and storage, in November 10 of last year between January 31 then, from cutting orchard adopt the fringe stock tree gather healthy and strong, bud is full, internode is short gave birth to the growth branch in 1～2 year and be scion, gathering the back placed 12～36 hours at shady place, use the plastic film sealed envelope again, place the Cool Room 4 storage;
(5) grafting when 30% rootstock seedling begins Germination to Frondescent in nursery or the transplanting ground, is finished grafting in 2～3 weeks;
(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.
2. the breeding method of a kind of hickory nut stock grafting seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the grafting time in the described step (5) is that April 15 was to April 28 at 100 meters of height above sea level.
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| CN200710068655A CN101142884B (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2007-05-16 | Method for cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling |
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| CN200710068655A CN101142884B (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2007-05-16 | Method for cultivating hickory nut stock grafting seedling |
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| CN101142884B true CN101142884B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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Cited By (1)
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