CN101142884B - A kind of cultivating method of hickory nut rootstock grafted seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of hickory root stock. The steps are as follows: establishment of a hickory root stock nursery; taking Huaxiang, hickory, American hickory or Hunan hickory as rootstocks, and taking hickory adult trees The growing branch is the scion to cultivate the female parent tree; select the seedlings with a ground diameter of ≥0.7cm and transplanted at the beginning of November of the year before grafting as the rootstock, and the seedlings of hickory nuts that are 1 to 2 years old are used as rootstocks, and the row spacing between plants is not less than 12×25cm ; Between November 10th of last year and January 31st of the current year, the 1-2 year-old growth branches that are strong, full of buds, and short in internodes are collected from the scion female parent tree in the picking garden as scions. Place it in a dark place for 12-36 hours, then seal and wrap it with plastic film, and store it in a cold storage at 4°C; when 30% of the rootstock seedlings in the nursery or transplantation field begin to germinate and spread leaves, the grafting will be completed within 2-3 weeks. The technical scheme can realize the dwarfing of the hickory tree body, shortening the childhood period, and early fruiting.

Description

A kind of cultivating method of hickory nut rootstock grafted seedlings

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant grafting methods, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating hickory tree grafted seedlings.

Background technique

Hickory nut (Carya cathayensis) belongs to Juglandaceae, Carya genus, and its main production area is in the Tianmu Mountain area at the junction of Zhejiang and Anhui. Because of its high nutritional and economic value, the planting area has greatly increased in recent years. But existing hickory tree forest all is to adopt wild or sowing seedling on the spot or transplanting and tending to form, and seedling afforestation generally needs more than 8 years just to begin result (wild hickory nut 12 years beginning result), to entering full fruit period and need 20 years later; at the same time, the hickory tree trunk is towering, up to 21 meters high, and the yield is low, and it is very inconvenient to harvest; although there are options for the fine variety types and individual plants of hickory nuts, it is difficult to popularize because of poor asexual reproduction. There is no variety yet. Therefore, in order to bear fruit early, dwarf the tree body and breed fine seeds in batches, the asexual reproduction technology of hickory must be solved as soon as possible.

As early as the early 1980s, units such as Zhejiang Forestry College, Lin'an County Forestry Bureau, Changbei Forestry Bureau, Lin'an County Forestry Research Institute and Xuancheng District Forestry Bureau of Anhui Province successively carried out hickory grafting experiments and attempts. But, utilize general hickory nut adult tree branch to be scion, carry out this stock grafting test survival rate and all stay below 40%, and, although can bear fruit early, there is the problem that new tree growth vigor is slow and easily forms " old man tree ", and mountain Adult walnut trees are dominated by fruiting branches and very few vegetative growth branches. If they are taken away as scions, there will be problems such as weak growth of old trees and a sharp drop in yield; The rate can reach 90% to 93%, but it lacks practical value because it does not reach the purpose of early fruiting, dwarfing the tree body and breeding good seeds; The growth branch of walnut adult tree is scion grafting test and the survival rate is 84%～88%. However, due to the incompatibility between tree species, after 5-10 years, the scion and rootstock will naturally crack and die, and the preservation rate is only Within 10%.

Therefore, before the method of the present invention, the asexual reproduction technology of hickory nut still rests on test and trial stage, does not form a kind of mature method that can promote in a large number and repeated verification, therefore, hickory nut tree body is tall, and childhood period is long and The lack of growing branches of adult hickory trees suitable for scion is still a major problem that seriously restricts the development of hickory nut industry. Therefore, how to realize hickory root stock grafting and seedling cultivation is a key technology for developing the hickory industry. If a successful breakthrough can not only solve the problems of tall trees and long childhood, but also lay the foundation for future hickory varieties.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is, aiming at the technical problem that the above-mentioned hickory tree body is tall, the childhood period is long and the growing branch of the adult hickory tree suitable for scion is lacked, in the grafting process, the cultivation of large quantities of scion, collection time, storage conditions and grafting Time control and other key points are provided to provide a complete set of methods for cultivating hickory seedlings grafted on the stock, so as to realize the breeding of hickory grafted seedlings in large quantities, and to achieve the purpose of tree dwarfing and early fruiting.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:

A method for cultivating grafted seedlings of hickory root stock, its steps are as follows:

(1) establishment, sowing and seedling raising of hickory nut stock nursery;

(2) The establishment of the fringe-picking nursery is to use Huaxiang, hickory, American hickory or Hunan hickory as rootstock and to cultivate the female parent tree of fringe with the growth branch of hickory adult tree as the scion;

(3) Select the healthy 1-2-year-old hickory seedlings with a ground diameter of ≥0.7cm and transplanted at the beginning of November of the year before grafting as rootstocks, and the row spacing between plants is not less than 12×25cm;

(4) Collection and storage of scions. Between November 10 of the previous year and January 31 of the current year, 1 to 2 scions with strong, full buds and short internodes were collected from the female parent tree in the scion picking garden. The annual growth branches are scions, which are placed in a dark place for 12 to 36 hours after collection, then sealed and wrapped with plastic film, and stored in a cold storage at 4°C;

(5) grafting, when 30% rootstock seedlings in the nursery or the transplanting ground begin to germinate and spread leaves, complete the grafting within 2 to 3 weeks;

(6) Nursing of grafted seedlings until they emerge from the nursery.

Depending on the climate environment at different altitudes, the state of the rootstock and ear is different. Most of the current pecan seedling bases are established at an altitude of about 100 meters, and the suitable grafting time is from April 15th to April 28th; The phloem and xylem of the walnut have begun to separate easily.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

One. Utilize Huaxiang with well-developed root system and strong budding ability as rootstock, and use the growth branch of adult hickory tree as scion, and the scion nursery established by the saplings that are grafted and bred, after 2 years of cultivation, can grow from these trees every year. A large number of high-quality scions of annual branches with strong, full buds and short internodes were collected from the female parent tree; at the same time, using hickory, American hickory or Hunan hickory as rootstocks, and using hickory adult tree growth branches as scions, grafted bred The saplings set up the ear-picking nursery, so that when the female parent trees start to die because of incompatibility, these female parent trees can start to collect a large number of high-quality scions of annual branches after several years of cultivation.

2. Factors affecting the survival rate of hickory root stock grafting, in addition to the thin hickory nut cambium, large pith and high tannin content, the key is how to ensure the viability of the scion to promote callus formation and subsequent growth of the tree. The present invention selects the appropriate scion collection time, storage conditions and grafting time, so that the scion can maintain the best vitality, thereby achieving a good grafting effect.

Three, adopted the above technical scheme, can obtain in large quantities every year, the scion that vigor is exuberant, comprises the physiological maturity characteristic of adult tree branch, timely grafts on the native stock seedling with strong affinity, has not only improved hickory native stock grafting Survival rate, the survival rate of large-scale grafting can reach about 90%, and the preservation rate is more than 80%. It also makes the hickory tree dwarf, shortens the childhood period, and bears early. The general height can be controlled within 5 meters by itself, and the grafting The results in the last 4 years will result in 6-8 years earlier; meanwhile, it also provides a highly operable method for cultivating grafted seedlings of hickory root stocks for the batch and variety seedling cultivation of hickory trees, thereby greatly improving the quality of hickory trees. Economic value of walnuts.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

A method for cultivating grafted seedlings of hickory root stock, the steps are as follows:

(1) establishment, sowing and seedling raising of hickory nut stock nursery;

(2) The establishment of the fringe-picking nursery, take Huaxiang, hickory, American hickory or Hunan hickory as rootstock and take the growth branch of hickory adult tree as the scion grafting to cultivate the female parent tree of fringing;

(3) Select the healthy 1-2-year-old hickory seedlings with a ground diameter of ≥0.7cm and transplanted at the beginning of November of the year before grafting as rootstocks, and the row spacing between plants is not less than 12×25cm;

(4) Collection and storage of scions. Between November 10 of the previous year and January 31 of the current year, 1 to 2 scions with strong, full buds and short internodes were collected from the female parent tree in the scion picking garden. The annual growth branches are scions, which are placed in a dark place for 12 to 36 hours after collection, then sealed and wrapped with plastic film, and stored in a cold storage at 4°C;

(5) grafting, when 30% rootstock seedlings in the nursery or the transplanting ground begin to germinate and spread leaves, complete the grafting within 2 to 3 weeks;

(6) Nursing of grafted seedlings until they emerge from the nursery.

We have a 100-acre hickory seedling breeding base (about 100 meters above sea level) in Zaoxi Town, Lin'an City, Zhejiang Province. We have established a transitional ear picking nursery, and used Huaxiang, which has a well-developed root system and strong sprouting ability, as a rootstock to graft large hickory trees. The growth branches on the top form the female parent tree, and after two years of cultivation, a large number of high-quality scions of annual branches with strong, full buds and short internodes can be collected; at the same time, hickory (also can be American hickory or Hunan hickory) As the rootstock, the growing branch of the adult hickory tree is used as the scion, and the saplings bred by grafting are used to establish the ear picking nursery. After several years of cultivation, these female trees can be picked on the Huaxiang stock When dying, start to collect the high-quality scion of annual branch in a large number, thereby can provide a large amount of high-quality scion every year to guarantee to cultivate the grafted seedling of hickory nut main stock in a large amount.

Around March 20, 2001, the robust annual hickory seedlings with a ground diameter of ≥0.7 cm were selected as rootstocks, and transplanted intensively, with a row spacing of 12×25 cm. In mid-to-late April, select seedling plants whose leaves have just begun to stretch, cut off at about 10cm from the ground, cut longitudinally from about 1/4 to 1/5 of the cross section, and cut about 3cm deep, at about 2.5cm in the xylem of the small cut surface , cut inward at an oblique angle of about 35 degrees, remove the upper xylem, and retain the phloem; take a single-bud scion, about 4.5cm long: 1.5cm above the bud, about 3.0cm below the bud, and cut the long section on the back of the bud about 3cm , cutting at about 0.5cm below the bud and cutting into a shallow section (cutting off the phloem or a little xylem), turning an angle of about 35 degrees at 2.5cm and cutting obliquely inward to the bottom, forming a wedge shape; the long section of the scion is aligned with the cambium The cambium on both sides of the large cut surface of the rootstock should be aligned with at least one side, and the shallow cut surface should be attached to the phloem and terminal cambium of the small cut surface of the rootstock. Then, seal the entire cut surface with a nylon film, and then tie it tightly. Expose the scion bud head.

On the 20th day after the grafting is completed, start to wipe off the bud strips growing on the hickory rootstock, and check it every 25 days. By July 20, there is basically no need for a lot of bud wiping. By November of that year, the statistical survival rate reached 91%. In 2002, afforestation was carried out on the mountain, and the survival rate reached 90%. In 2005, 60% of the seedlings had blossomed and bore fruit. The interface of the seedlings is normal, and the tree body is within 4 meters, and the dwarfing safety management mode of hickory has been realized while the fruit is early.

Because the follow-up management such as sowing of hickory nuts and other diseases and insect pests are prior art, will not repeat them.

The above-mentioned specific operation method of grafting (that is, the grafting method) is the prior art, and it can be the above cutting method or the same applicable sticking method. That is, the rootstock is cut off at about 20cm from the ground, cut obliquely at about 10cm below it, the end penetrates into the xylem about 0.3cm, and the length of the cut surface is about 3cm; sticking at a small piece of xylem about 2.5cm can prevent the cut surface of the rootstock from withering , to increase the healing surface; obliquely cut inward at an angle of about 35 degrees to the bottom, and remove small pieces of xylem; the rest of the operation is the same as above.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment, as long as adopt the culture method collection time, preservation condition and grafting time of the scion provided by the method of the present invention, no matter be to adopt which kind of grafting method, carry out what kind of equivalent conversion and modification, all will Fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the breeding method of a hickory nut stock grafting seedling is characterized in that, step is as follows:

(1) foundation in hickory nut stock nursery, sows and grow seedlings;

(2) foundation of cutting orchard is so that to change perfume (or spice), cathay hickory, pecan tree or Hunan cathay hickory be stock and be that scion cultivated is adopted the fringe stock tree with cathay hickory bearing tree growth branch;

(3) choose that to stay bed or the leading thread 〉=0.7cm that transplants at the beginning of 11 months the previous years of grafting, 1～2 year healthy and strong living cathay hickory tree seedling be stock, seeding row spacing is not less than 12 * 25cm;

(4) collection of scion and storage, in November 10 of last year between January 31 then, from cutting orchard adopt the fringe stock tree gather healthy and strong, bud is full, internode is short gave birth to the growth branch in 1～2 year and be scion, gathering the back placed 12～36 hours at shady place, use the plastic film sealed envelope again, place the Cool Room 4 storage;

(5) grafting when 30% rootstock seedling begins Germination to Frondescent in nursery or the transplanting ground, is finished grafting in 2～3 weeks;

(6) grafting nursing is until going out the garden.

2. the breeding method of a kind of hickory nut stock grafting seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the grafting time in the described step (5) is that April 15 was to April 28 at 100 meters of height above sea level.