CN104285683B - The method of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating - Google Patents
The method of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The method that the invention discloses the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of a kind of engrafting and cultivating, the method is with dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis for scion, with " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng for stock. The Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock that the inventive method engrafting and cultivating obtains, there is the resistance of dry rot, dry rot sickness rate is almost nil, essentially without the pesticide spraying anti-dry rot, not only reduce the cost of plantation, improve economic benefit, also can avoid using, because of excessive, the drug-fast raising of pathogen and the antibacterial impact on environment that antibacterial causes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant protection and cultivation field, the method particularly relating to the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of a kind of engrafting and cultivating.
Background technology
Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, belongs to Juglandaceae (Juglandaceae) hickory (Carya), and full genus has 18 kinds, is distributed across the continent such as Asia, Europe, the United States. The kind of 5 NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is had in China, all belong to naked bub Semen Caryae Cathayensis group, respectively Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis (Caryacathayensis), Carya hunanesis Cheng (CaryahunanensisW.C.ChengetR.H.ChangexChangetLu), Guizhou Semen Caryae Cathayensis (CaryakwewhoweKuangetA.M.Lu), Carya tonkinensis N. Lec (CaryaTonkinensisH.Lec.) and Carya dabieshanensis Production (CaryadabieshanesisM.C.LiuetZ.J.Li). In whole 18 kinds, only Carya illinoensis and Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis two kinds, artificial culture utilizes the most extensive.
It is peculiar that Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis, Carya dabieshanensis Production and the Carya hunanesis Cheng that the present invention relates to is China. Wherein, Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis, owing to its nut nutrition is worth high, to have uniqueness fragrance, and shell is thin, kernel percent high, and is widely cultivated utilization. At present, culture and utility area reaches more than 1,250,000 mu, and concentrates the temmoku mountain area being distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui Er Sheng handing-over. Become the first-selected woody oil tree species of local self-employed tree cultivator's increase wealth. Although, select the kinds such as " Zhejiang woods " No. 1 precocious type, " Zhejiang woods " No. 2 and No. 3 two large fruits, but due to many reasons, on producing at present, do not obtain popularity.
Carya dabieshanensis Production is mainly distributed on the Jinzhai County in mountain area, Dabie Mountain, western part, Anhui. Owing to its nut granule is big, shell is thin, kernel percent and oil yield high and nutritious, obtain good development and utilization in recent years. But, due under existing processing technique, more slightly worse than its fragrance with Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis, therefore, Carya dabieshanensis Production market acceptance level is not high. Existing Carya dabieshanensis Production standing forest is all wildwood, there is presently no the kind of practical application on producing. The aspects such as its kind of inherent fruit type, granular size and fatty acid composition differ greatly, and therefore germ plasm resource is enriched. According to investigation, Carya dabieshanensis Production mainly has 4 farm varieties: " Shahe " plants, and fruit type is garden ovum type, granule is medium, linoleic acid content is low, seed-producing rate is high;" Xi Yuan " plants, and fruit type is long ovum type, granule is big, shell is thin; " mausoleum, pass " plants, and fruit type is wide ovum type, granule is big, shell is slightly thick; " Phyllostachys congesta level ground " plants, and fruit grain is little, kernel astringent taste weight, seed-producing rate are high.
Carya hunanesis Cheng is mainly distributed on the ground such as Hunan Province Jing Zhou, Yuanling. Owing to its shuck is thick, kernel percent is low, and value and cultivation benefit are not high, and existing standing forest mostly is Natural Secondary Forests.
Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis and Carya dabieshanensis Production are dry rot susceptible kind. It is reported, on non-calcareous soil, the Chinese walnut dry rot infection rate of cultivation has reached more than 80%. Dry rot has become causes the Major Diseases that Semen Caryae Cathayensis quality declines and yield die-offs. At present, Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot is had little effect by conventional medicine prevention and controls.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot, also known as Peptic Ulcers, ink disease, ink disease, be in recent years Semen Caryae Cathayensis woods occurs the most rapidly, a kind of disease that yield effect is bigger. By a kind of weak parasite, (pathogen Perfect stage is BotryosphaeriafusisporaeYu to this disease, Invisible element is MacrophomacaryaeYu) cause, generally start rapid breeding, the growth of harm Semen Caryae Cathayensis in 4��May, and be continued until November. This disease is arranged in trunk, bottom when starting to occur, along with the development of disease, can gradually in trunk, development on top and branch. Disease initial stage scab is obvious, for yellowish-brown, water stain shape, subcircular or irregular shape scab; With the extension gradually of disease, scab is black, and bark is micro-prominent, after pressing with finger, and the liquid of meeting elution band foam, there is distiller grains abnormal smells from the patient. When disease enters the later stage, scab center there will be irregular cracking, and flow out the water juice of similar prepared Chinese ink from cracking. This pathogenic bacteria, after the xylem entering Semen Caryae Cathayensis trunk, makes xylem blackening, and always as deep as medulla, and the health tissues of Semen Caryae Cathayensis position of disease can produce callus, makes position of disease present an obvious ulceration. For the Semen Caryae Cathayensis that disease is comparatively serious, after scab rounds on tree body or branch, the tissue on tree body or branch top can be withered. The dry rot Chinese walnut harm to being only just of age is the most serious, and sickness rate, up to more than 80%, can be rated as the cancer of Semen Caryae Cathayensis. Several scabs at least on usual diseased plant, at most up to hundreds of.
At present, people are mainly through spraying all kinds of agriculture chemicals fungicide to realize the suppression of disease. The patent of invention that publication No. is CN102783496A discloses a kind of composite bactericide containing Prochloraz, the component of this composite bactericide and weight content be: the component B of component A and 90%��10% of 10%��90%, described component A is Prochloraz, and described component B is Carbatene, pyraclostrobin or Flutriafol. This composite bactericide can be used for preventing and treating Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot. But, the agriculture chemicals fungicide of life-time service the above-mentioned type, can make pathogen that above-mentioned antibacterial is developed immunity to drugs, if being continuing with this type of medicament, not only can dramatically increase Financial cost, also cannot obtain satisfied prevention effect. Additionally, more can not be ignored, the long-term applications of pesticide not only affect food safety, bring great pressure to environmental conservation especially. Therefore, how can find other approach to suppress Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot is have a to be solved major issue.
Summary of the invention
The method that it is an object of the invention to provide the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of a kind of engrafting and cultivating, the grafting Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock cultivated under the method, compared with the Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock before non-grafting, is remarkably improved the resistance of dry rot.
The method of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of a kind of engrafting and cultivating, with dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis for scion, with " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng for stock.
Described dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis is the one in Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis and Carya dabieshanensis Production. Above two Semen Caryae Cathayensis kind is comparatively sensitive to dry rot, compared with other Semen Caryae Cathayensis kinds, the probability infected by dry rot is higher, and once infect, the health tissues on tree body or branch top can be endangered, affect its normal growth to grow, causing fruit quality to decline, it is dead that severe patient may result in tree body.
" strawberry type " the Carya hunanesis Cheng kind that the present invention relates to is imparipinnate leaf, and lobule 5-7 sheet mostly is 7, and blade back is close by rust glandular scale; Nut is long oval, and base portion is protruding, is similar to Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, and this kind has seed-producing rate height, the advantages such as wet ability disease-resistant, water-fast is strong.
The inventive point of the present invention is in that to have selected specific scion variety and stock variety, achieve the raising of Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock dry rot resistance, for adopting which kind of graft technology to obtain Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of the present invention indefinite, as long as the graft technology that can make the Survival rate of nursery stock after grafting and acquisition grafting Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of the present invention all can realize the raising of dry rot resistance, belong to protection scope of the present invention, but for above-mentioned specific scion variety and stock variety, graft technology exists preferred condition, this condition can improve survival rate and the dry rot resistance of grafting nursery stock.
The fringe bar of described dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis is annual branch of nourishing and growing in Chinese walnut of growing up. When selecting above-mentioned growth branch, should select that internode is short, bud is healthy and strong, full, grow fast branch; High with the Semen Caryae Cathayensis seedling grafting survival rate of the present invention that such growth branch grafting obtains.
The long dehydration easily causing fringe bar of fringe bar, as preferably, described cuttings length is 3��5cm.
Described stock is obtained by seed seedling-raising. Seed in above-mentioned seed seedling-raising refers to the prime of life tree choosing solid, medium sized " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng, and the fruit naturally come off in a large number after gathering White Dew is as seed. Seed seedling-raising adopts conventional method for culturing seedlings and conventional fertilization mode.
" strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng nursery stock all launch from sprouting to lobule all can grafting, wherein, with 50% lobule launch time the nursery stock grafting plant percent that carries out grafting acquisition for stock the highest.
Described stock ground footpath >=0.6cm, highly >=80cm, namely stock mates with the size of scion, cambial docking when being conducive to grafting.
The time of described grafting is the first tenday period of a month in mid-March to April. The grafting of Semen Caryae Cathayensis is carried out, it is ensured that grafting nursery stock has higher survival rate at this moment.
If the grafting otch of described stock is 5��10cm from ground level in the winter time, the bark of then grafting incision surrounding there will be ground cold injury phenomenon, so for preventing stock from ground cold injury phenomenon occur, the grafting otch of the described stock height from ground is below 5cm.
The method have the advantages that
(1) present invention is with the Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis of dry rot susceptible type and Carya dabieshanensis Production for scion, doing stock with " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng, the pecan Pu that the Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock that engrafting and cultivating obtains produces is big, and seed is big, dimensionally stable, fruit quality is good; This Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock is extremely strong to the resistance of dry rot, and dry rot sickness rate is almost nil, significantly improves the yield of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, decreases the economic loss brought because of dry rot.
(2) adopt the Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock that the inventive method obtains in planting process, essentially without the pesticide spraying anti-dry rot, not only reduce the cost of plantation, improve economic benefit, also can avoid using, because of excessive, the drug-fast raising of pathogen and the antibacterial impact on environment that antibacterial causes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
The cultivation of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of embodiment 1
One, the choosing of scion
The annual branch of nourishing and growing chosen in the adult Chinese walnut of Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis and Carya dabieshanensis Production does scion, and the branch doing scion is 4cm, and sturdy to select, internode is short, and healthy and strong, the full branch of bud is preferred.
Two, the selection of stock and cultivation
Juglandaceae hickory " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng seed is adopted to carry out the stock seedling raising manners of seed seedling-raising.
Choosing the prime of life tree of Juglandaceae hickory " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng solid, medium sized, the fruit naturally come off in a large number after gathering White Dew is as seed. After presprouting of seeds, the seed of picking radicle growth stalwartness is sowed. Fertilising is followed based on fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is principle that is auxiliary, that use sufficient base manure, suitably topdress.
Three, the grafting of anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock
Growth selection is healthy and strong, well developed root system, and footpath, ground is 0.86cm, and growing height is " strawberry type " the Carya hunanesis Cheng nursery stock all launched of 50% lobule of the 80cm stock as grafting. Above-mentioned nursery stock all launch from sprouting to lobule all can grafting, wherein 50% lobule launch time grafting time be the best. The time of general grafting is in three months, the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period to April.
The graft technology of the present invention adopts cut-grafting method. Stock is from ground about 10 centimeters cutting strunk, from cross section about 1/5��1/4 rip cutting, deeply about 3 centimetres, in little tangent plane xylem about 2.5 centimeters with the inwardly tiltedly partial application of about 45 �� of oblique angles, rejects top xylem, retains phloem. Scion takes simple bud scion, is about 4.5 centimetres, and bud stays 1.5 centimetres, under bud about 3.0 centimetres. Cut long tangent plane about 3 centimetres at the scion bud back side, under bud, under about 0.5 centimeters, cutter is cut into shallow tangent plane (slightly xylem), turns about 45�� angle to 2.5 centimeters and inwardly cuts sth. askew to bottom, wedge shaped. The both sides cambium layer of the scion long tangent plane cambium layer alignment big tangent plane of stock, is at least directed at, and shallow tangent plane is fitted with the little tangent plane phloem of stock and end cambium layer, seals whole tangent planes with plastic sheeting, then tightens. Avoid anvil fringe cambium layer to shift during colligation, expose scion brachyplast shape bud.
Embodiment 2 with Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis be scion, " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng be the dry rot pathogen inoculation test of grafting nursery stock that stock obtains
One, test site, material and source
Pathogen inoculation material is originated: separated the Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot pathogen " L of offer with Biotechnology Institute forest conservation subject Pathology Lab by Zhejiang A & F University's forestry1����
Test site and material: testing site is positioned at Semen Juglandis woods base, Pingshan, Mount Huang, Lin Keng village, Long Gang town, Linan City. Soil is the red-yellow soil that Semen Caryae Cathayensis dry rot is easily sent out, Semen Caryae Cathayensis age of tree 6-7. Adopt the breeding method of grafting nursery stock described in embodiment 1, with Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis be scion, " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng is for stock, it is thus achieved that Semen Caryae Cathayensis 30 strain of anvil Zhejiang, Hunan, make susceptibility experimental material, do inoculation comparison with 10 strain Zhejiang anvil Semen Caryae Cathayensis.
Two, dry rot pathogen inoculation method
(1) with 75% ethanol, inoculation position is carried out surface sterilization;
(2) adopt wound inocalation method, namely with the pocket knife of sterilizing, the bark of healthy plant is slit into T-shaped wound strip off, is placed in wound by PDA culture medium separates pure culture mycelia block (5mm �� 5mm) obtained;
(3) dip sterilized water with absorbent cotton and cover wound, and seal with preservative film;
(4) routine observation incidence, and calculate sickness rate.
Three, inoculation time: respectively in JIUYUE, 2013 and in May, 2014, in two dry rot seasons occurred frequently, carries out inoculation test.
Four, result of the test
In JIUYUE, 2013 inoculation test result is as follows:
Inoculation test in May, 2014 result is as follows:
Result of the test shows: take anvil Zhejiang, the Hunan hickory grafting nursery stock that the present invention cultivates, and compared with conventional Zhejiang anvil Semen Caryae Cathayensis, has higher anti-dry rot ability.
Embodiment 3 with Carya dabieshanensis Production be scion, " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng be the dry rot pathogen inoculation test of grafting nursery stock of stock
The breeding method of employing grafting nursery stock described in embodiment 1, with Carya dabieshanensis Production be scion, " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng is for stock, Hunan anvil Carya dabieshanensis Production 28 strain obtained, makes susceptibility experimental material, does inoculation comparison with 10 strain Carya dabieshanensis Productions. Adopt and identical inoculation test in embodiment 2, check the dissimilar nursery stock resistance to dry rot. Result of the test is as follows:
In JIUYUE, 2013 inoculation test result is as follows:
Inoculation test in May, 2014 result is as follows:
Result of the test shows: take the Hunan anvil Carya dabieshanensis Production grafting nursery stock that the present invention cultivates, and compared with conventional Carya dabieshanensis Production, has higher anti-dry rot ability.
Claims (1)
1. the method for the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating, it is characterised in that with dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis for scion, with " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng for stock;
Described dry rot susceptible type Semen Caryae Cathayensis is the one in Zhejiang Semen Caryae Cathayensis and Carya dabieshanensis Production;
The feature of described " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng kind is imparipinnate leaf, and lobule 5-7 sheet mostly is 7, and blade back is close by rust glandular scale; Nut is long oval, and base portion is protruding, is similar to Fructus Fragariae Ananssae;
Described scion is annual branch of nourishing and growing in Chinese walnut of growing up, and scion length is 4cm;
Described stock is obtained by seed seedling-raising, chooses the prime of life tree of Juglandaceae hickory " strawberry type " Carya hunanesis Cheng, and the fruit naturally come off in a large number after gathering White Dew is as seed; After presprouting of seeds, the seed of picking radicle growth stalwartness is sowed;
Choose robust growth, the footpath, ground of well developed root system is 0.86cm, and growing height is " strawberry type " the Carya hunanesis Cheng nursery stock stock as grafting of 80cm; The grafting when nursery stock 50% lobule as stock launches, the grafting otch height from ground is below 5cm, adopts cut-grafting method during grafting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410452949.5A CN104285683B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | The method of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410452949.5A CN104285683B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | The method of the anti-dry rot Semen Caryae Cathayensis nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104285683A CN104285683A (en) | 2015-01-21 |
| CN104285683B true CN104285683B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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| CN104982230A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 汪永全 | Method of grafting and cultivating Dabie Mountain hickory seedling |
| CN105684739B (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2018-08-24 | 杭州浙林天则山核桃科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Carya hunanesis Cheng does the breeding method of stock grafting hickory nut |
| CN105940964A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 金寨县富东生态农业开发有限公司 | Carya dabieshanensis grafting method |
| CN106797865B (en) * | 2017-02-11 | 2019-06-28 | 廊坊市林业局工程项目管理中心 | A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple |
| CN108184516A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-22 | 金寨县富东生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Carya dabieshanensis Production trunk reparation and tree vigo(u)r restoration methods |
| CN108886994A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-27 | 广元博创农业科技有限责任公司 | One planting fruit-trees, three line healing grafting |
| CN112080576A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-15 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | SSR molecular marker for distinguishing and identifying apocarya from pecan, Dabie pecan and Hunan pecan and application thereof |
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