CN106797865B - A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN106797865B CN106797865B CN201710075038.9A CN201710075038A CN106797865B CN 106797865 B CN106797865 B CN 106797865B CN 201710075038 A CN201710075038 A CN 201710075038A CN 106797865 B CN106797865 B CN 106797865B
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- scion
- stock
- graft
- dry rot
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of the anti-dry rot of apple, are related to field of plant cultivation, include the following steps: that (1) scion is handled；(2) stock is handled；(3) it grafts；(4) after 15-30 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion still have dry rot germ by laboratory test confirmation, eliminate；(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, is so carried out continuously the process of 2 times or more " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.The application creatively sets up easy, practical, efficient repeatedly grafting induction dry rot resistance new method, can quickly obtain the plant of anti-dry rot.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple.
Background technique
Dry rot is one of important disease of apple limb.Dry rot of apple is that apple branch, dry weight want one of disease, is also caused harm
Other fruit trees of Malus and rosaceous ten various plants.Each apple producing region in the distribution north with old, weak tree and manages bad
Treelet is aggrieved heavier, this disease prevention and treatment of some orchard workers is inadequate, lets go unchecked therewith, causes continuous generation of catching an illness.It can cause tree vigo(u)r
It is weak, branch is withered.Dry rot of apple is mainly caused harm major branch and side shoot, and can also cause harm fruit.
The method of prevention and treatment dry rot of apple predominantly roots out overwintering bacterium source, spraying pesticide, protects tree body, prevents freeze injury at present
And insect pest, to the limb wound occurred, coating protection promotes wound healing, prevent the measures such as germ intrusion, but above-mentioned side
The disadvantages of that there are control efficiency is poor for method, pollutes environment, larger to people and animals' harm.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural methods of the anti-dry rot of apple, can overcome drawbacks described above.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple, includes the following steps:
(1) scion is handled: choosing confirms that branch is scion on the tree for having dry rot by field test and laboratory test,
Its top and base portion are cut away, the stem section of 10-15cm long is cut into, 2 full buds is stayed each section upper end, it is handled with scion
After solution impregnates lower end 1-2 hours, from the notch of the upward longitudinal sectional 2~4cm depth in its lower end；
(2) stock is handled: select to have drought resisting, waterlogging, saline-alkali tolerant, disease and insect resistance fruit tree stock seed, lamination abolishes
After suspend mode, they are sown into cave by the way of bunch planting, after emergence growth, when rootstock seedling diameter reaches 0.5-2 centimetres, is cut
Make stock at the branch section of 15-20cm, the upper end is whittled into scarf by the careful blade and axillary bud removed in stem section on one side；It adopts
It is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion in the notch of stock upper end insertion scion lower end with reversed cleft graft, sprinkling healing
Graft union is bundled after solution obtains graft；
(3) lower end of graft lower part stock is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-planes, is embedded in subculture case after dipping root-inducing powder, subculture case
The matrix that interior filling rice chaff, perlite and vermiculite are formed according to the ratio of volume ratio 1: 2: 1, is embedded in humidity for the material grafted
For in the matrix of 75-80%, after heating 7 days in 22-24 DEG C of condition, interface healing, stock lower end generates many callus；
(4) after 15-30 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion are demonstrate,proved by laboratory test
It is real still to have dry rot germ, it eliminates；
(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, so continuously into
The process of row 2 times or more " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；
(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.
The scion treatment fluid are as follows: 1 part of ZT, 0.3 part of vitamin B6,2 parts of IBA, 0.1 part of sodium nitrite, phosphoric acid hydrogen
0.05 part of disodium, 0.1 part of terramycin, are formulated with 1: 10-100 dilution ratio.
The healing solutions composition are as follows: 50-60 parts of water, 10-20 parts of asparagus juice, 2-4 parts of calgon, iso-amylene gland
0.5-1 parts of purine, 1-3 parts of vitamin C, 10-15 parts of polybutene.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, easy, practical, efficient repeatedly grafting induction dry rot resistance new method is creatively set up, can be quick
To the plant of anti-dry rot.Using the technology, it can realize that the scale of anti-dry rot germplasm quickly lures under manual control condition
It leads, greatly improves disease-resistant induced efficiency and breeding for disease resistance process.Currently, the upper dry rot of apple tree production is universal and serious, and it is exhausted
Most of apple tree kinds are sensitive to dry rot, and the invention patent can orient raising to the excellent product of apple tree that dry rot is sensitive
The dry rot resistance of kind, application prospect is boundless, for effectively controlling dry rot harm, ensureing that Apple Industry continues health and sends out
Exhibition is of great significance；
2, scion treatment fluid of the present invention includes mutagenesis drug sodium nitrite and disodium hydrogen phosphate, hormone ZT, IBA, nutrition at
Dividing vitamin B6, disinfection sanitizer terramycin, after the application specifically formula processing, induction scion cell generates antibody,
Enhance autoimmunity.
3, the polybutene in the application healing solutions can prevent the cracking of trees wound, tree body moisture transpiration；Iso-amylene gland
Purine synthesizes protein, enzymatic activity and cell metabolism balance have adjustment effect, and major function is to promote wound cells division
And differentiation, accelerate tree body wound healing；Asparagus juice be to tree body nonhazardous effect film forming sustained release agent and nutritional agents, effect be
Tree body wound forms colloid release membranes, closes wound, inactivates all kinds of Non-anaerobic bactreias, can prevent and treat wound disease, and can protect
Wound moisture is held, nutrition is provided for graft, promotes healing；Calgon and vitamin C can play sterilizing, antioxygen
The effect of change.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple, includes the following steps:
(1) scion is handled: choosing confirms that branch is scion on the tree for having dry rot by field test and laboratory test,
Its top and base portion are cut away, the stem section of 10cm long is cut into, stays 2 full buds each section upper end, it is molten with scion processing
After liquid impregnates lower end 1-2 hour, from the notch of its lower end longitudinal sectional 2cm depth upwards, the scion treatment fluid are as follows: 1 part of ZT, tie up
Raw 0.3 part of element B6,2 parts of IBA, 0.1 part of sodium nitrite, 0.05 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of terramycin, with 1: 30 dilution
Ratio is formulated；
(2) stock is handled: select green anvil No.1 as stock seed, after lamination Dormancy breaking, and the general by the way of bunch planting
They are sown into cave, and after emergence growth, when rootstock seedling diameter reaches 0.5 centimetre, the branch section for being cut into 15cm makees stock, carefully goes
Except the blade and axillary bud in stem section, the upper end is whittled into scarf on one side；Using reversed cleft graft, the insertion of stock upper end is connect
In the notch of fringe lower end, it is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion, binding graft union obtains graft after spraying healing solutions, institute
The healing solutions composition stated are as follows: 50 parts of water, 10 parts of asparagus juice, 2 parts of calgon, 0.5 part of isopentennyladenine, vitamin C
1 part, 10 parts of polybutene；
(3) lower end of graft lower part stock is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-planes, is embedded in subculture case after dipping root-inducing powder, subculture case
The matrix that interior filling rice chaff, perlite and vermiculite are formed according to the ratio of volume ratio 1: 2: 1, is embedded in humidity for the material grafted
For in 75% matrix, after heating 7 days in 22 DEG C of conditions, interface healing, stock lower end generates many callus；
After (4) 20 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion are confirmed by laboratory test
Still there is dry rot germ, eliminate；
(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, so continuously into
The process of row 2 times or more " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；
(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple, includes the following steps:
(1) scion is handled: choosing confirms that branch is scion on the tree for having dry rot by field test and laboratory test,
Its top and base portion are cut away, the stem section of 13cm long is cut into, stays 2 full buds each section upper end, it is molten with scion processing
After liquid impregnates lower end 1-2 hour, from the notch of its lower end longitudinal sectional 3cm depth upwards, the scion treatment fluid are as follows: 1 part of ZT, tie up
Raw 0.3 part of element B6,2 parts of IBA, 0.1 part of sodium nitrite, 0.05 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of terramycin, with 1: 60 dilution
Ratio is formulated；
(2) stock is handled: select green anvil No.1 as stock seed, after lamination Dormancy breaking, and the general by the way of bunch planting
They are sown into cave, and after emergence growth, when rootstock seedling diameter reaches 1 centimetre, the branch section for being cut into 18cm makees stock, careful to remove
The upper end is whittled into scarf by blade and axillary bud in stem section on one side；Using reversed cleft graft, scion is inserted into stock upper end
In the notch of lower end, it is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion, binding graft union obtains graft after spraying healing solutions, described
Healing solutions composition are as follows: 55 parts of water, 15 parts of asparagus juice, 3 parts of calgon, 0.8 part of isopentennyladenine, vitamin C 2
Part, 13 parts of polybutene；
(3) lower end of graft lower part stock is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-planes, is embedded in subculture case after dipping root-inducing powder, subculture case
The matrix that interior filling rice chaff, perlite and vermiculite are formed according to the ratio of volume ratio 1: 2: 1, is embedded in humidity for the material grafted
For in 78% matrix, after heating 7 days in 23 DEG C of conditions, interface healing, stock lower end generates many callus；
After (4) 25 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion are confirmed by laboratory test
Still there is dry rot germ, eliminate；
(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, so continuously into
The process of row 2 times or more " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；
(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple, includes the following steps:
(1) scion is handled: choosing confirms that branch is scion on the tree for having dry rot by field test and laboratory test,
Its top and base portion are cut away, the stem section of 15cm long is cut into, stays 2 full buds each section upper end, it is molten with scion processing
Liquid impregnates lower end after 2 hours, from the notch of its lower end longitudinal sectional 4cm depth upwards, the scion treatment fluid are as follows: 1 part of ZT, dimension are given birth to
0.3 part of plain B6,2 parts of IBA, 0.1 part of sodium nitrite, 0.05 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of terramycin, with 1: 80 thinner ratio
Example is formulated；
(2) stock is handled: select green anvil No.1 as stock seed, after lamination Dormancy breaking, and the general by the way of bunch planting
They are sown into cave, and after emergence growth, when rootstock seedling diameter reaches 2 centimetres, the branch section for being cut into 20cm makees stock, careful to remove
The upper end is whittled into scarf by blade and axillary bud in stem section on one side；Using reversed cleft graft, scion is inserted into stock upper end
In the notch of lower end, it is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion, binding graft union obtains graft after spraying healing solutions, described
Healing solutions composition are as follows: 60 parts of water, 20 parts of asparagus juice, 4 parts of calgon, 1 part of isopentennyladenine, 3 parts of vitamin C,
15 parts of polybutene；
(3) lower end of graft lower part stock is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-planes, is embedded in subculture case after dipping root-inducing powder, subculture case
The matrix that interior filling rice chaff, perlite and vermiculite are formed according to the ratio of volume ratio 1: 2: 1, is embedded in humidity for the material grafted
For in 80% matrix, after heating 7 days in 24 DEG C of conditions, interface healing, stock lower end generates many callus；
After (4) 30 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion are confirmed by laboratory test
Still there is dry rot germ, eliminate；
(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, so continuously into
The process of row 2 times or more " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；
(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.
15-20 days after grafting survival, do not transplant to crop field, it is first straight to the survival rate of apple grafting, the sprouting base portion that is averaged
Diameter, sprouting average length, disease incidence are counted, the statistical data of embodiment 1-3 such as table 1.
Based on the cultural method of the anti-dry rot of the apple of embodiment 1-3, comparative test is done.
In the case where other steps are constant, in step 1), scion treatment fluid only contains ZT, vitamin B6 and terramycin,
It tests as a comparison, the corresponding comparative test 1 of embodiment 1-3, comparative test 2, the statistical data of comparative test 3 such as table 2.
In the case where other steps are constant, in step 2), tested as a comparison with not spraying healing solutions, embodiment 1-
3 corresponding comparative tests 1 ', comparative test 2 ', the statistical data of comparative test 3 ' such as table 3.
In the case where other steps are constant, in step 5), with discontinuously carry out more than twice " obtain graft-after
For case culture-selection scion " process test as a comparison, it is the corresponding comparative test 1 " of embodiment 1-3, comparative test 2 ", right
Than the statistical data such as table 4 of test 3 "
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
As shown in table 1-4, embodiment 1-3 either survival rate or disease incidence will be substantially better than comparative test no matter
It is to change scion treatment fluid, healing solutions or the number for changing continuous operation, all surviving materially affect apple graft
Rate especially disease incidence, and the present processes are used, the disease resistance of plant can be significantly improved.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple, which comprises the steps of:
(1) scion is handled: choosing confirms that branch is scion on the tree for having dry rot, is cut away by field test and laboratory test
Its top and base portion are cut into the stem section of 10-15cm long, stay 2 full buds each section upper end, it is used scion processing solution
After impregnating lower end 1-2 hours, from the notch of the upward longitudinal sectional 2~4cm depth in its lower end；
(2) stock handle: select have drought resisting, waterlogging, saline-alkali tolerant, disease and insect resistance fruit tree stock seed, lamination Dormancy breaking
Afterwards, they are sown into cave by the way of bunch planting, after emergence growth, when rootstock seedling diameter reaches 0.5-2 centimetres, are cut into
The branch section of 15-20cm makees stock, and the upper end is whittled into scarf by the careful blade and axillary bud removed in stem section on one side；Using
Reversed cleft graft is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion, sprinkling healing is molten in the notch of stock upper end insertion scion lower end
Graft union is bundled after liquid obtains graft；
(3) lower end of graft lower part stock is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-planes, is embedded in subculture case after dipping root-inducing powder, is filled out in subculture case
The matrix that rice chaff, perlite and vermiculite are formed according to the ratio of volume ratio 1:2:1 is filled, the material grafted, which is embedded in humidity, is
In the matrix of 75-80%, after heating 7 days in 22-24 DEG C of condition, interface healing, stock lower end generates many callus；
(4) after 15-30 days, some scion grow healthy green blade, continue to employ, some scion confirm still by laboratory test
So there is dry rot germ, eliminates；
(5) the scion part of step (4) health is cut in the branch section for being grafted onto seedling stock again, is so carried out continuously 2
The process of secondary above " obtaining graft-subculture case culture-selection scion "；
(6) the graft cuttage for obtaining step (5) is transplanted after surviving to big Tanaka in greenhouse.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the healing solutions composition are as follows: 50-60 parts of water,
10-20 parts of asparagus juice, 2-4 parts of calgon, 0.5-1 parts of isopentennyladenine, 1-3 parts of vitamin C, polybutene 10-15
Part.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107711270A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-02-23 | 登封市绿奥农林科技有限公司 | A kind of method for integrated control of apple tree pest and disease damage |
| CN109819859A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-05-31 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A method of improving tree peony graft survival rate |
| CN110754233A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-07 | 晴隆县沙子镇果苗园艺基地 | Cultivation method of black pearl cherries |
| CN114391413B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2023-11-21 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Quick durian seedling cultivation method |
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