CN109429961B - Rapid breeding method for konjac fruiting - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method for konjac fruiting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid propagation method for the seedling and seed setting of konjak, which is a method for generating offspring through sexual propagation by apomixis, so that the seedling seed of konjak is essentially a small bulbodium. And (3) breeding the konjak bulbs by digging up and leaving small and cutting large bulbs into blocks, wherein the breeding multiple is not more than 5-7 times. The seedling seed setting technology is used for breeding konjak bulbs, one bulb can be used for breeding 800-1500 small bulbs, and the breeding multiple is close to 1500 times. Solves the problems of low seed bulb propagation coefficient and seed source degradation in the konjak industry. The method for breeding the konjak bulbs with high efficiency, keeping the seed properties and preventing the seed source degradation is provided, the konjak bulbs are bred quickly and supplied to farmers for planting, and more konjak bulbs are produced to meet the market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding methods, and particularly relates to a rapid breeding method for seedling and seed setting of konjak.
Background
Konjak is a perennial rhizome herbaceous plant of konjak of the Araceae, wild species mainly grow in subtropical and subtropical areas of south Asia and southeast, and China is one of the origin areas. The large-scale planting is carried out in provinces such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and the like. Konjak is the only plant containing a large amount of glucomannan in the biological world, and the health care and medical treatment effects of konjak are used as a plurality of clinical test researches all over the world at present, and the main component glucomannan of konjak corms is found to be water-soluble hemicellulose and is dietary fiber which is very beneficial to human bodies. Has good prevention and treatment effects on modern rich diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, constipation and the like, is an ideal health food for middle-aged and elderly people, and is deeply favored by the world health food market.
Based on the knowledge of the efficacy of the konjak, the market demand of the konjak is increased, but the current yield is far from meeting the market demand, so that the price of the raw material of the konjak is increased year by year in recent years. In the main konjak planting area, the conventional konjak seedling breeding is in an asexual breeding mode of digging large and leaving small or large seed balls and cutting blocks, but the two breeding modes easily cause seed source degradation, the asexual breeding of a plurality of generations continuously for a long time causes the resistance of the konjak to soft rot to be weaker and weaker, and the large-scale planting is easy to cause the soft rot to be outweighed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low seed ball propagation coefficient and seed source degradation in the konjak industry. The method for breeding the konjak bulbs with high efficiency, keeping the seed properties and preventing the seed source degradation is provided, the konjak bulbs are bred quickly and supplied to farmers for planting, and more konjak bulbs are produced to meet the market demand. Therefore, the invention provides a rapid propagation method for the seedling and the seed setting of konjak, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the fast propagation method of the seedling and seed setting of the konjak comprises the following steps:
selecting seed taros: after digging in the field, selecting 2-3-year disease-free konjak corms with the unit weight of 3-4 kg, strong and full appearance, deep bud pits and approximately spherical seed balls;
and (2) airing the planted taros: airing or naturally airing the selected konjak corms for 10-12 days until the surface of the corms is wrinkled;
and (3) sterilization and disinfection: spraying and disinfecting konjak bulbs, a drying field and a storage room during drying, spraying 1000-time solution of 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin for the first time, and spraying 1000-time solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder after 2-3 days;
step (4) pregermination and storage: after the surface of the konjak bulb is wrinkled, storing the konjak bulb in a special storage room, cleaning the storage room, and sterilizing and disinfecting the storage room in the disinfection mode of the step (3); then, the storage temperature is controlled within the range of 10-12 ℃, the air humidity is kept within the range of 50% -60%, and ventilation is kept;
the storage and stacking method comprises the following steps: placing the konjak corm bud nest upwards in a single-layer exposed manner by using a frame with air holes, and checking for 1-2 times per week during storage;
preparing a planting field: building a plastic film greenhouse in a place with good water source conditions, deeply ploughing planting soil year before, applying base fertilizer and pesticide before planting, finishing the soil moisture surface, and watering thoroughly for planting;
planting taros: at the end of 2 months in the next year, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage room, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs for 20 minutes by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettability liquid, and draining water to obtain the konjak bulbs; the planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the planting depth ensures that 5cm of soil is covered on the upper surface of the seed taro bud nest; after planting, laying a drip irrigation tape on the soil moisture surface of the planted taros according to the planting direction of the planted taros, and watering by using a drip irrigation system;
step (7), managing after planting: spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after the planting of the seed taros, and spraying 70% thiophanate methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after 2-3 days; after germination, timely checking and strengthening the curved konjak bulbs growing from flower buds; tearing off the spathes in time after the konjak spathes are opened;
and (8) supplementary pollination: during the period of stamen pollen spitting, the stamen pollen is dipped by a brush and is evenly smeared on the stamen stigma;
step (9) management of water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests: planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day, and keeping soil moist; compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks; spraying a bactericidal agent every 2 weeks to prevent diseases; insect pests are found and treated in time;
and (10) harvesting and airing fruits: when the color of the fruit changes from green to red or blue, cutting the fruit cluster, airing for 7-10 days, taking down the fruit from the fruit cluster, and airing; storing after drying in the sun.
It is further preferred that the konjak bulb in the step (1) is a konjak bulb capable of flowering.
Further preferably, in the step (5), nitrogen is applied to each mu of base fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium content is 11:15: 80kg of compound fertilizer of 15 and 2 tons of organic fertilizer; applying 2kg of carbofuran insecticide to each mu; the dead soil is finished to be 1.2m wide and 40cm high; the width of the furrow between the dead furrow surfaces is 30 cm.
Further preferably, in the step (7), after the taro is planted, 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin and 70% thiophanate-methyl are sprayed on the surface of the planted soil moisture and the planting environment, and the concentration of the liquid medicine is 800 times of that of the liquid medicine.
It is further preferable that in the step (8), each brush can only dip the same variety of pollen.
Further preferably, in the step (9), nitrogen: phosphorus: the content ratio of potassium is 11:15:15, applying 1500 times of liquid for each time; the fungal agents sprayed every 2 weeks are carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, one drug is used every time, and the rotation is performed for 1 time every week; the bacterial agents are agricultural streptomycin and jinggangmycin, one drug is used each time, and the rotation is performed 1 time per week.
Further preferably, in the step (10), the fruit harvested under the fruit cluster is the seedling seeds, 600-800 fruits can be produced in one fruit cluster, and 2 seedling seeds are generally present in 1 fruit.
The rapid propagation method for the seedling and seed setting of the konjak provided by the invention is a special propagation mode of the konjak and is a method for carrying out sexual propagation to generate offspring through apomixis, so that the seedling seed of the konjak is essentially a bulbodium. And (3) breeding the konjak bulbs by digging up and leaving small and cutting large bulbs into blocks, wherein the breeding multiple is not more than 5-7 times. The seedling seed setting technology is used for breeding konjak bulbs, one bulb can be used for breeding 800-1500 small bulbs, and the breeding multiple is close to 1500 times. Solves the problems of low seed bulb propagation coefficient and seed source degradation in the konjak industry. The method for breeding the konjak bulbs with high efficiency, keeping the seed properties and preventing the seed source degradation is provided, the konjak bulbs are bred quickly and supplied to farmers for planting, and more konjak bulbs are produced to meet the market demand.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
In 2014, Gunn No. 1 seedling seed setting test was carried out in a greenhouse of Yunnan Lincang Cheng agriculture and forestry Limited. Picking konjak bulbs in 18 days 12 months in 2013 in the field, and selecting 500 nearly spherical konjak bulbs with the single weight of 3-4 kg; and (4) airing until 12 months and 28 days in 2013, and then storing the selected and aired konjak bulbs in a storage chamber subjected to sterilization treatment, wherein the storage temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃. The konjak corms are exposed in a single layer by using a layered wood frame.
And 2, 20 days in 2014, starting to prepare a planting field in the plastic greenhouse, applying 2kg of carbofuran per mu and 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu into the pesticide and base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely raking, arranging the soil moisture surface to be 1.1m wide and 30cm high, and thoroughly watering for planting.
And on 21 days 2 months in 2014, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage chamber, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable solution for 20 minutes, and draining water to start planting. The planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm in plant spacing and row spacing, and 5cm is covered with soil on the planted taro bud pits. 3 drip irrigation tapes are laid on the soil moisture surface of the planted taro according to the planting direction after planting, and a drip irrigation system is used for watering.
Spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 22 days 2 and 2 months 2014, and spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 23 days 2 and 23 months 2014. The konjak bulbs gradually started to germinate 3, 20 days 2014, and bent growing flower stems were examined and strengthened. Opening the konjak spathe in 5 days 4 months 4 in 2014, tearing off the spathe immediately after opening, and dipping pollen of the stamen by a brush to be uniformly smeared on the stamen stigma during the period of spitting the powder of the stamen to promote fructification. Planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day and keeping the soil moist. Compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks. The bactericide is sprayed every 2 weeks to prevent diseases. When the color of the fruit turns red from green, cutting the fruit cluster at 20 days 12 and 12 months 2014, airing to 30 days 12 and 12 months 2014, taking the fruit from the fruit cluster, and airing, wherein the average yield of the fruit of each fruit cluster is 520 grains, each fruit comprises 2 seedling seeds, and the yield of the seedling seeds is 1040 grains. Storing the dried fruits.
Example 2
In 2014, a Gunn No. 2 actual-growth seed-setting breeding test is carried out in a greenhouse of Yunnan Lincang Cheng agriculture and forestry Limited. And (4) harvesting konjak bulbs in the field in 2013, 12 months and 18 days, and selecting 500 nearly spherical konjak bulbs with the single weight of 3-4 kg. And (4) airing until 12 months and 28 days in 2013, and then storing the selected and aired konjak bulbs in a storage chamber subjected to sterilization treatment, wherein the storage temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃. The konjak corms are exposed in a single layer by using a layered wood frame.
And 2, 20 days in 2014, starting to prepare a planting field in the plastic greenhouse, applying 2kg of carbofuran per mu and 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu into the pesticide and base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely raking, arranging the soil moisture surface to be 1.1m wide and 30cm high, and thoroughly watering for planting.
And on 21 days 2 months in 2014, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage chamber, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable solution for 20 minutes, and draining water to start planting. The planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm in plant spacing and row spacing, and 5cm is covered with soil on the planted taro bud pits. 3 drip irrigation tapes are laid on the soil moisture surface of the planted taro according to the planting direction after planting, and a drip irrigation system is used for watering.
Spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 22 days 2 and 2 months 2014, and spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 23 days 2 and 23 months 2014. The konjak bulbs gradually started to germinate 3, 20 days 2014, and bent growing flower stems were examined and strengthened. Opening the konjak spathe in 5 days 4 months 4 in 2014, tearing off the spathe immediately after opening, and dipping pollen of the stamen by a brush to be uniformly smeared on the stamen stigma during the period of spitting the powder of the stamen to promote fructification. Planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day and keeping the soil moist. Compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks. The bactericide is sprayed every 2 weeks to prevent diseases. When the color of the fruit turns red from green, cutting the fruit cluster at 18 days 12 and 12 months 2014, airing to 28 days 12 and 12 months 2014, taking the fruit from the fruit cluster, and airing, wherein the average yield of the fruit of each fruit cluster is 600 grains, each fruit comprises 2 seedling seeds, and the yield of the seedling seeds is 1200 grains. Storing the dried fruits.
Example 3
In 2014, the Yunnan Lincang Cheng agriculture and forestry Limited greenhouse is subjected to the Yunrao No. 1 seedling seed setting and breeding test. And (4) harvesting konjak bulbs in the field in 2013, 12 months and 18 days, and selecting 500 nearly spherical konjak bulbs with the single weight of 3-4 kg. And (4) airing until 12 months and 28 days in 2013, and then storing the selected and aired konjak bulbs in a storage chamber subjected to sterilization treatment, wherein the storage temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃. The konjak corms are exposed in a single layer by using a layered wood frame.
And 2, 20 days in 2014, starting to prepare a planting field in the plastic greenhouse, applying 2kg of carbofuran per mu and 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu into the pesticide and base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and finely raking, arranging the soil moisture surface to be 1.1m wide and 30cm high, and thoroughly watering for planting.
And on 21 days 2 months in 2014, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage chamber, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable solution for 20 minutes, and draining water to start planting. The planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm in plant spacing and row spacing, and 5cm is covered with soil on the planted taro bud pits. 3 drip irrigation tapes are laid on the soil moisture surface of the planted taro according to the planting direction after planting, and a drip irrigation system is used for watering.
Spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 22 days 2 and 2 months 2014, and spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment in 23 days 2 and 23 months 2014. The konjak bulbs gradually started to germinate 3, 20 days 2014, and bent growing flower stems were examined and strengthened. Opening the konjak spathe in 5 days 4 months 4 in 2014, tearing off the spathe immediately after opening, and dipping pollen of the stamen by a brush to be uniformly smeared on the stamen stigma during the period of spitting the powder of the stamen to promote fructification. Planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day and keeping the soil moist. Compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks. The bactericide is sprayed every 2 weeks to prevent diseases. When the color of the fruit turns red from green, cutting the fruit clusters at 19 days 12 and 19 days 2014, airing to 28 days 12 and 28 days 2014, taking the fruit from the fruit clusters, and airing, wherein the average yield of the fruit of each fruit cluster is 450 grains, each fruit comprises 2 seedling seeds, and the yield of the seedling seeds is 900 grains. Storing the dried fruits.
Example 4
The fast propagation method of the seedling and seed setting of the konjak comprises the following steps:
selecting seed taros: after digging in the field, selecting 2-year-old disease-free konjak corms with the unit weight of 3 kg, strong and full appearance, deep bud pits and approximately spherical seed balls;
and (2) airing the planted taros: airing or naturally airing the selected konjak corm for 10 days until the surface of the corm is wrinkled;
and (3) sterilization and disinfection: spraying and disinfecting konjak corms, a drying field and a storage room during drying, spraying 1000 times of agricultural streptomycin solution by 1000 ten thousand units for the first time, and spraying 1000 times of wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil after 2 days;
step (4) pregermination and storage: after the surface of the konjak bulb is wrinkled, storing the konjak bulb in a special storage room, cleaning the storage room, and sterilizing and disinfecting the storage room in the disinfection mode of the step (3); then the storage temperature is controlled within 10 ℃, the air humidity is kept within 50 percent, and ventilation is kept;
the storage and stacking method comprises the following steps: placing the sprout nest of the konjak bulb upwards in a single-layer exposed manner by using a frame with air holes, and checking for 1 time per week during storage;
preparing a planting field: building a plastic film greenhouse in a place with good water source conditions, deeply ploughing planting soil year before, applying base fertilizer and pesticide before planting, finishing the soil moisture surface, and watering thoroughly for planting;
planting taros: at the end of 2 months in the next year, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage room, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs for 20 minutes by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettability liquid, and draining water to obtain the konjak bulbs; the planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the planting depth ensures that 5cm of soil is covered on the upper surface of the seed taro bud nest; after planting, laying a drip irrigation tape on the soil moisture surface of the planted taros according to the planting direction of the planted taros, and watering by using a drip irrigation system;
step (7), managing after planting: spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after the planting of the seed taros, and spraying 70% thiophanate methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after 2 days; after germination, timely checking and strengthening the curved konjak bulbs growing from flower buds; tearing off the spathes in time after the konjak spathes are opened;
and (8) supplementary pollination: during the period of stamen pollen spitting, the stamen pollen is dipped by a brush and is evenly smeared on the stamen stigma;
step (9) management of water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests: planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day, and keeping soil moist; compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks; spraying a bactericidal agent every 2 weeks to prevent diseases; insect pests are found and treated in time;
and (10) harvesting and airing fruits: cutting the fruit cluster when the color of the fruit changes from green to red or blue, and taking down the fruit cluster after airing for 7 days and airing; storing after drying in the sun.
It is further preferred that the konjak bulb in the step (1) is a konjak bulb capable of flowering.
Further preferably, in the step (5), nitrogen is applied to each mu of base fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium content is 11:15: 80kg of compound fertilizer of 15 and 2 tons of organic fertilizer; applying 2kg of carbofuran insecticide to each mu; the dead soil is finished to be 1.2m wide and 40cm high; the width of the furrow between the dead furrow surfaces is 30 cm.
Further preferably, in the step (7), after the taro is planted, 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin and 70% thiophanate-methyl are sprayed on the surface of the planted soil moisture and the planting environment, and the concentration of the liquid medicine is 800 times of that of the liquid medicine.
It is further preferable that in the step (8), each brush can only dip the same variety of pollen.
Further preferably, in the step (9), nitrogen: phosphorus: the content ratio of potassium is 11:15:15, applying 1500 times of liquid for each time; the fungal agents sprayed every 2 weeks are carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, one drug is used every time, and the rotation is performed for 1 time every week; the bacterial agents are agricultural streptomycin and jinggangmycin, one drug is used each time, and the rotation is performed 1 time per week.
It is further preferable that, in step (10), the fruit harvested under the fruit cluster is the seedling seeds, one fruit cluster can produce 600 fruits, and there are generally 2 seedling seeds in 1 fruit.
Example 5
The fast propagation method of the seedling and seed setting of the konjak comprises the following steps:
selecting seed taros: after digging in the field, selecting a disease-free 3-year-old konjak corm with a single weight of 4kg, a robust and full appearance, deep bud pits and a nearly spherical seed ball;
and (2) airing the planted taros: airing or naturally airing the selected konjak corm for 12 days until the surface of the corm is wrinkled;
and (3) sterilization and disinfection: spraying and disinfecting konjak corms, a drying field and a storage room during drying, spraying 1000 times of agricultural streptomycin solution by 1000 ten thousand units for the first time, and spraying 1000 times of wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil after 3 days;
step (4) pregermination and storage: after the surface of the konjak bulb is wrinkled, storing the konjak bulb in a special storage room, cleaning the storage room, and sterilizing and disinfecting the storage room in the disinfection mode of the step (3); then the storage temperature is controlled within 12 ℃, the air humidity is kept within 60 percent, and ventilation is kept;
the storage and stacking method comprises the following steps: placing the sprout nest of the konjak bulb upwards in a single-layer exposed manner by using a frame with air holes, and checking for 2 times per week during storage;
preparing a planting field: building a plastic film greenhouse in a place with good water source conditions, deeply ploughing planting soil year before, applying base fertilizer and pesticide before planting, finishing the soil moisture surface, and watering thoroughly for planting;
planting taros: at the end of 2 months in the next year, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage room, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs for 20 minutes by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettability liquid, and draining water to obtain the konjak bulbs; the planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the planting depth ensures that 5cm of soil is covered on the upper surface of the seed taro bud nest; after planting, laying a drip irrigation tape on the soil moisture surface of the planted taros according to the planting direction of the planted taros, and watering by using a drip irrigation system;
step (7), managing after planting: spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after the planting of the seed taros, and spraying 70% thiophanate methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after 3 days; after germination, timely checking and strengthening the curved konjak bulbs growing from flower buds; tearing off the spathes in time after the konjak spathes are opened;
and (8) supplementary pollination: during the period of stamen pollen spitting, the stamen pollen is dipped by a brush and is evenly smeared on the stamen stigma;
step (9) management of water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests: planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day, and keeping soil moist; compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks; spraying a bactericidal agent every 2 weeks to prevent diseases; insect pests are found and treated in time;
and (10) harvesting and airing fruits: cutting the fruit cluster when the color of the fruit changes from green to red or blue, taking down the fruit cluster after airing for 10 days, and airing; storing after drying in the sun.
It is further preferred that the konjak bulb in the step (1) is a konjak bulb capable of flowering.
Further preferably, in the step (5), nitrogen is applied to each mu of base fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium content is 11:15: 80kg of compound fertilizer of 15 and 2 tons of organic fertilizer; applying 2kg of carbofuran insecticide to each mu; the dead soil is finished to be 1.2m wide and 40cm high; the width of the furrow between the dead furrow surfaces is 30 cm.
Further preferably, in the step (7), after the taro is planted, 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin and 70% thiophanate-methyl are sprayed on the surface of the planted soil moisture and the planting environment, and the concentration of the liquid medicine is 800 times of that of the liquid medicine.
It is further preferable that in the step (8), each brush can only dip the same variety of pollen.
Further preferably, in the step (9), nitrogen: phosphorus: the content ratio of potassium is 11:15:15, applying 1500 times of liquid for each time; the fungal agents sprayed every 2 weeks are carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, one drug is used every time, and the rotation is performed for 1 time every week; the bacterial agents are agricultural streptomycin and jinggangmycin, one drug is used each time, and the rotation is performed 1 time per week.
It is further preferable that, in step (10), the fruit harvested under the fruit cluster is the seedling seeds, one fruit cluster can produce 800 fruits, and there are generally 2 seedling seeds in 1 fruit.
Claims (5)
1. The rapid propagation method for the seedling and the seed setting of the konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): seed taro selection: after digging in the field, selecting 2-3-year disease-free konjak corms with the unit weight of 3-4 kg, strong and full appearance, deep bud pits and approximately spherical seed balls;
step (2): airing the planted taros: airing or naturally airing the selected konjak corms for 10-12 days until the surface of the corms is wrinkled;
and (3): sterilization and disinfection: spraying and disinfecting konjak bulbs, a drying field and a storage room during drying, spraying 1000-time solution of 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin for the first time, and spraying 1000-time solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder after 2-3 days;
and (4): accelerating germination and storing: after the surface of the konjak bulb is wrinkled, storing the konjak bulb in a special storage room, cleaning the storage room, and sterilizing and disinfecting the storage room in the disinfection mode of the step (3); then, the storage temperature is controlled within the range of 10-12 ℃, the air humidity is kept within the range of 50% -60%, and ventilation is kept;
the storage and stacking method comprises the following steps: placing the konjak corm bud nest upwards in a single-layer exposed manner by using a frame with air holes, and checking for 1-2 times per week during storage;
and (5): preparing a planting field: building a plastic film greenhouse in a place with good water source conditions, deeply ploughing planting soil year before, applying base fertilizer and pesticide before planting, finishing the soil moisture surface, and watering thoroughly for planting;
and (6): planting taros: at the end of 2 months in the next year, taking the konjak bulbs out of the storage room, soaking and disinfecting the konjak bulbs for 20 minutes by using 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettability liquid, and draining water to obtain the konjak bulbs; the planting density is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the planting depth ensures that 5cm of soil is covered on the upper surface of the seed taro bud nest; after planting, laying a drip irrigation tape on the soil moisture surface of the planted taros according to the planting direction of the planted taros, and watering by using a drip irrigation system;
and (7): and (3) managing after planting: spraying 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after planting the taros, and spraying 70% thiophanate methyl on the soil moisture surface and the planting environment after 2-3 days; after germination, timely checking and strengthening the curved konjak bulbs growing from flower buds; tearing off the spathes in time after the konjak spathes are opened;
and (8): and (3) supplementary pollination: during the period of stamen pollen spitting, the stamen pollen is dipped by a brush and is evenly smeared on the stamen stigma;
and (9): management of water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests: planting taros until the fruits are ripe, watering by drip irrigation every day, and keeping soil moist; compound fertilizer is applied every 2 weeks; spraying a bactericidal agent every 2 weeks to prevent diseases; insect pests are found and treated in time;
step (10): harvesting and airing fruits: when the color of the fruit changes from green to red or blue, cutting the fruit cluster, airing for 7-10 days, taking down the fruit from the fruit cluster, and airing; storing after drying in the sun;
in the step (9), nitrogen is applied every week: phosphorus: the content ratio of potassium is 11:15:15, applying 1500 times of liquid for each time; the fungal agents sprayed every 2 weeks are carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, one drug is used every time, and the rotation is performed for 1 time every week; the bacterial agents are agricultural streptomycin and jinggangmycin, one drug is used each time, and the rotation is performed for 1 time every week;
80kg of compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 11:15:15 and 2 tons of organic fertilizer are applied to each mu of base fertilizer in the step (5); applying 2kg of carbofuran insecticide to each mu; picking the noodles and arranging the noodles into a width of 1.2m and a height of 40 cm; the width of the furrow between the dead furrow surfaces is 30 cm.
2. The method for rapid propagation of seeds of konjak seeds according to claim 1, wherein the konjak bulb in the step (1) is a flowably flowering konjak bulb.
3. The rapid propagation method of the fruiting bodies of konjak as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7), 1000 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin and 70% thiophanate-methyl are sprayed on the surface of the planted soil and the planting environment after the konjak is planted, and the concentration of the liquid medicine is 800 times of the liquid medicine.
4. The method for rapid propagation of seeds of konjak according to claim 1 wherein in step (8), each brush can only dip pollen of the same species.
5. The method for rapid propagation of seeds of konjak seeds according to claim 1, wherein in step (10), seeds are obtained from fruits harvested under the cluster, one cluster can produce 600 to 800 fruits, and there are typically 2 seeds in 1 fruit.
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| CN113647302B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2023-02-03 | 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 | Germination accelerating method for konjak planting |
| CN115191304B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-06-16 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Method for efficiently inducing young konjak to bloom and seed |
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