CN108684511A - The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon - Google Patents

The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon Download PDF

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CN108684511A
CN108684511A CN201810393750.8A CN201810393750A CN108684511A CN 108684511 A CN108684511 A CN 108684511A CN 201810393750 A CN201810393750 A CN 201810393750A CN 108684511 A CN108684511 A CN 108684511A
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melon
thick
fruit
organic
greenhouse
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杨威
闫海霞
曹布霆
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Huaiyin Normal University
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Huaiyin Normal University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention discloses the cultural methods of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon, it includes preparing organic substrate, select a series of scientific managements carried out after improved seeds, nurturing staff, field planting, and field planting in due course;It is characterized in that:Involved raw material has coarse colza meal, commodity cultivation matrix, dregs of beans organic fertilizer, ternary compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, ratio to press quality in organic substrate composition(kg)To be calculated as 1:90:10:0.6:0.08:0.032.Present invention dramatically increases the contents of organic matter in cultivation matrix, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, it is aided with necessary each stage cultivation management measure simultaneously, including management such as temperature, light, water, fertilizer, Plant adjustment, disease pest prevention and control, the trophic level for further improving entire plant enhances its disease resistance, and then reduces the use of chemical pesticide, organising for cultivation is realized, solves its thick-skinned melon poor quality, low output and edible safety sex chromosome mosaicism.

Description

The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, and in particular to the cultivation side of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon Method.
Background technology
Muskmelon, alias muskmelon, fruit melon, "Hami" melon are annual climbing herb plant, and fruit fragrance is sweet, is worldwide High-grade fruit.Melon variety resource very abundant, sorting technique is various, and cultivation muskmelon is generally divided into netted melon at present (var.reticulatus Naud.), rock melon(var.cantalupensis Naud.), winter melon(var.inodorus Naud.), ornamental muskmelon(var.dudain Naud.), lemon melon(var.chito Naud.), snake melon(Snakelike muskmelon) (var.flexuosus Naud.), Melon(Muskmelon)(var.makuwa Makino)And snake melon(var.conomon Makino)Eight mutation.According to ecological characteristics, muskmelon is usually divided into thick-skinned melon and the big ecological class of Melon two by China Type.The non-ecotype during thick-skinned melon belongs to, originates in Africa, requires strictly environmental condition, pyrophilous dry climate is not moisture resistance It is wet, it is desirable that have larger day and night temperature and sufficient illumination, melon meat is thicker, and generally in 2 cm or more, melon skin is harder, not edible With.Thick-skinned melon pol in the market is different, different same breed, and most of sugar contents are relatively low, seriously Ground affects its quality.
Currently, organic substrate type cultivation technique without soil is received and is more and more pushed away in continuous cropping and under the conditions of bare place It is high.It is that one kind not having to natural soil, and uses matrix, and is equipped with a certain proportion of organic solid-state fertilizer, does not have to traditional nutrition Liquid irrigates root system of plant, and directly uses the cultivation technique of clear water irrigated crop.Wherein, the major function of organic substrate be support, Fixed plant, and provide the water for stablizing coordination, gas, fertile environment for plant root.And organic matter in the organic substrate of different ratio Type, content are different, this decides the trophic level of thick-skinned melon entire breeding time, and then influences it to a certain extent Growth and disease resistance, finally influence its quality and yield.It can be seen that the proportioning of organic substrate is most important.Although current city On field, the ready-made organic substrate finished product prepared is more, but in the practical cultivation of thick-skinned melon, is had using this commodity merely Machine matrix still has some shortcomings, also needs further to carry out scientific and reasonable proportioning with other substances, to reach good quality and high output Cultivate purpose.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is:A kind of cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon is provided, we Method greatly increases the content of organic matter in cultivation matrix based on the scientific matching of organic substrate, reduces the use of chemical fertilizer, It is aided with the scientific managements such as necessary each stage cultivation management measure, including temperature, light, water, fertilizer, Plant adjustment, disease pest prevention and control simultaneously, To further increase the trophic level of entire plant, enhances its disease resistance, and then reduce the use of chemical pesticide, realize cultivation Organise, ensure common people's dining table on vegetables deliciousness and safety.
Technical solution of the invention is that the cultural method of the greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon includes Step in detail below:
(1)Prepare organic substrate:It is matched using commodity organic substrate and other substances, forms the excellent of best physicochemical character Matter organic substrate;
(2)Select improved seeds:The thick-skinned melon variety for selecting high-quality, high yield, disease resistance strong;
(3)Nurturing staff:Seed is sown into hole plate seedling growth using insulating box vernalization is put into after hoting water treatment of seeds after budding;
(3-1)Presoaking and germinating:Thick-skinned melon seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water and impregnates 15min, then pulls out and is put into 30 DEG C of warm water 3-5h of middle immersion, are finally wrapped to be fitted into plastic storage box and be put into 30 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet towel and carry out vernalization;Seed is every It is gently eluriated once with 30 DEG C of warm water, 1-2d buddings;
(3-2)Hole plate seedling growth:Nursery carries out in facility, using 50 or 72 hole hole trays, broadcasts a seed per hole, overlying matrix is about 1cm is sprinkled profoundly water(Preferably thoroughly without dripping), seed plate is then placed on the ground hot line completed by nursery during the cold season, in hole tray Plastic film is covered, builds Small plastic shed thereon, covers canopy film, is capped thick non-woven fabrics before the dusk in canopy film;In hot season nursery, Then in hole tray overlying black sunshade net;After 70% or so seed is unearthed, the covering in hole tray is removed in time;
(3-3)Seedling management:According to growth of seedling different phase demand, regulate and control seedbed ambient enviroment humiture, creates and be suitble to children The external condition of seedling growth and development;
(3-3-1)Temperature management:Before emergence, nursery bed temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C or so of daytime, 20 DEG C or so of night;After emergence, in vain It 25-30 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night;First 3-4 days of field planting, suitably cool down hardening, to adapt to field planting greenhouse temperature condition;
(3-3-2)Water management:Hole tray is not watered generally before emergence, after emergence according to water regime in hole tray and weather conditions into Row watering, pouring must irrigate every time;
(3-3-3)Illumination management:After emergence, under conditions of temperature allows, ensure good illumination condition;
(4)Field planting in due course:It waits for that young plant grows to three leaves wholeheartedly left and right, after the tight matrix of root system disk sticks together, is colonized in time;It is loaded into before field planting The organic substrate of cultivation bed is sprinkled profoundly water using dropper band;It is selected in cold tail when field planting and warms up head, the cloudy morning or fine day carry out afternoon, single Row field planting, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 100cm, field planting depth sticks together with matrix to be flushed or slightly above matrix sticks together;It is fully irrigated in matrix In the case of, small water is poured after cultivation, is come into full contact with organic substrate with sharp young plant root system;
(5)It is managed after field planting:Scientific and reasonable temperature is carried out after field planting in greenhouse, illumination, humidity, moisture, climing training is hung, is artificial The management such as pollination and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(5-1)Temperature management:It being colonized daytime temperature in latter week and is maintained at 30 DEG C or so, nighttime temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or so, Not less than 15 DEG C;After slow seedling to before sitting melon, temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, and night is at 15-20 DEG C;To fruit after seat melon End is expanded, is maintained at 30-35 DEG C daytime, night at 20 DEG C or so, is not less than 15 DEG C;Harvest stages are expanded in fruit stopping, Appropriate cooling, is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, night is at 15-20 DEG C;
(5-2)Illumination management:In entire cultivation, under conditions of ensureing reasonable temperature, good illumination is created as far as possible Condition;Using the good high-quality anti-dropping film of light transmittance, Reflecting curtain is hanged up in rear wall of greenhouse;
(5-3)Moisture management:It is 50% -60% that thick-skinned melon, which grows suitable relative air humidity,;Seedling stage and vegetative growth phase It is stronger to air humidity adaptability, but bloom the phase of bearing fruit, the swollen melon phase is entered particularly into, sensitive is reacted to air humidity, air humidity Excessive, meeting delaying anthesis causes cauline leaf excessive growth, and easily cause the generation of disease;Greenhouse thick-skinned melon moisture management is main Be reduce humidity, and the major measure for reducing humidity in canopy be ventilation, specific combination temperature management, equilibrium consider ventilation size and Time;
(5-4)Water management:Organic substrate humidity is generally kept in the 60% -80% of maxmun field capacity, excess moisture then root It is undergrowth, then plant strain growth is slow for hypohydration, while to ensure demand of the plant critical period of water requirement to moisture;Specifically Ground, vegetative growth phase matrix inquire for it is dry see it is wet;Small water is not watered or poured to florescence, depending on weather condition, water supply in media situation and plant Depending on strain growing way;As a result initial stage, i.e. fruit, which start to expand to fruit, shapes, and matrix will often keep moistening;As a result later stage, i.e. fruit A sizing carries out rationally control water, does not water or pour as possible small water to fruit maturation, otherwise can make the reduction of fruit pol, have simultaneously Machine soil humidity will avoid suddenly big or suddenly small, to avoid and split melon;
(5-5)Hang climing training:When thick-skinned melon plant grows to 5-6 leaves, hang in time climing;Plant adjustment takes single climing training Mode, and stay 3-4 climing seat melons of son at the 12nd-15 leaf of main stem, minor is climing to be removed early, and the seat melon seeds selected and remain are climing 1 leaf pinching is stayed before female flower, pollination after the flowers are in blossom selects and remain that one or two are straight, growth potential is strong when fruit grows to egg size Fruit, remaining fruit are thinning out in time, and main stem stays 12-13 leaf pinching upwards from melon section is sat;
(5-6)Artificial pollination:Muskmelon belongs to typical entomophilous flower, needs insect pollination or artificial supplementary pollination to bear fruit in cultivation, Pollination is carried out in 8-10 point of the morning;The male flower that the same day blooms is taken when pollination, removes petal, pollen is gently applied to female On chapiter, a male flower smears a female flower;
(5-7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Disease pest is relied mainly on prevention, and environmental condition in control facility is focused on, and reduces humidity, in order to avoid cause disease Occur and spread, while hanging up champac insect-attracting board in facility, ventilation opening adds fly net, physically traps and kills as far as possible Pest cuts off worm sources, prevents insect pest;If the above-mentioned unreachable position of behave, causes pest and disease damage to spread, then select corresponding low Poison, low-residual fumigant carry out smoked kill;
(6)Harvesting:The maturity of fruit is judged according to the maturity of pollination period and kind;It is harvested in time after fruit maturation, simultaneously It avoids harvesting underdone melon;
It is characterized in that:In organic substrate composition involved raw material have coarse colza meal, commodity cultivation matrix, dregs of beans organic fertilizer, Ternary compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, ratio press quality(kg)To be calculated as 1:90:10:0.6:0.08:0.032.
Wherein, coarse colza meal is the powder object of gained after crushing block-like rape cake with pulverizer.
Wherein, the brand of commodity cultivation matrix is:Middle promise, N+P2O5+K2O >=2%, organic matter >=40%, producer:Huaian Zhong Nuo developments in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd of city.
Wherein, the brand of dregs of beans organic fertilizer is:Rich moisture in the soil, trade name:Gao Erji, N+P2O5+K2O >=5%, organic matter >= 80%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram, producer:Hebei Jin Diyuan bio-fertilizers Co., Ltd.
Wherein, the brand of ternary compound fertilizer is:Bright spring day, trade name:Sulphur 56 bulk blended fertilizers of energy, N-P2O5-K2O is 15- 15-15, total nutrient >=45%, total sulfur(S)>=11%, producer:Shandong Hongri Acron Chemical Joint Stock Co., Ltd..
Wherein, the brand of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is:Awake lion, producer:Wuhan chemical industry of inorganic salt Co., Ltd.
Wherein, the brand of carbendazim is:Yang Nong, trade name:Peasant, active constituent content:50%, dosage form:Wettable powder Agent, producer:Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
In beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, organising for production process is realized, i.e., while improving quality and yield, reduces the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide Amount, reduces environmental pollution, realizes growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income, high-quality, safety, deliciousness are provided for the dining table of common people Food.
2, in greenhouse thick-skinned melon organic substrate type soilless culture, entire cultivation is an organic whole, each Link is mutually promoted, is mutually restricted, to improve its final yield and quality jointly.
3, it is core of the invention to prepare organic substrate, is matched using commodity organic substrate and other substances, shape At the high-quality organic substrate of best physicochemical character.
4, it is colonized critically important, can die down in this way to avoid the aging of muskmelon seedling sub-root system, growth potential, the speed of growth in due course Slow down, be conducive to it and more rapid and better adapt to field planting ground environment, shorten or do not have seedling-slowing stage, accelerate the growth of seedling after field planting, To lay the first stone for thick-skinned melon harvesting high-quality high-yield.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution further illustrated the present invention with reference to embodiment, but these embodiments are not to be construed as to skill The limitation of art scheme.
One, greenhouse cleaning and relevant supplies preparation:After preceding vegetable harvest, greenhouse is cleaned, substrate grooves are emptied, if any The fly net that necessity more renews, is used in combination controlling disease and the fumigant of insect pest(Such as chlorothalonil smoke and Mobucin fumicants)Smoked canopy, To achieve the purpose that eliminate pathogen and kill pest;Cultivation bed south-north direction in greenhouse, gradient 0.5%, long 740cm are wide 50cm, deep 25cm, separation 50cm, slot bottom spread what the small chad of 1-2cm of diameter, the permeable woven cloth in upper berth, then upper berth prepared Cultivation matrix;Wherein, gravelstone gravel bed thickness about 5cm, cultivation matrix thickness about 20cm;Wherein, involved in organic substrate composition Raw material has coarse colza meal(The powder that the rape cake of remaining solid that extracts oil is worn into), commodity cultivation matrix(Brand:Middle promise, N+P2O5+ K2O >=2%, organic matter >=40%, producer:Huai'an Zhong Nuo developments in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd), dregs of beans organic fertilizer(Brand:It is rich Moisture in the soil, trade name:Gao Erji, N+P2O5+K2O >=5%, organic matter >=80%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram, producer:Hebei Jin Diyuan Bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd), ternary compound fertilizer(Brand:Bright spring day, trade name:Sulphur 56 bulk blended fertilizers of energy, N-P2O5-K2O is 15- 15-15, total nutrient >=45%, total sulfur(S)>=11%, producer:Shandong Hongri Acron Chemical Joint Stock Co., Ltd.), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Brand:Awake lion, producer:Wuhan chemical industry of inorganic salt Co., Ltd), carbendazim(Brand:Yang Nong, trade name:Peasant, active ingredient Content:50%, dosage form:Wettable powder, producer:Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd), ratio is by quality(kg)To count It is 1:90:10:0.6:0.08:0.032;
Two, improved seeds are selected:The thick-skinned melon variety for selecting high-quality, high yield, disease resistance strong, it is western thin that this example, which selects kind, Lip river support 3;
Three, nurturing staff:Seed is sown into hole plate seedling growth using insulating box vernalization is put into after hoting water treatment of seeds after budding;
(1)Presoaking and germinating:Thick-skinned melon seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water and impregnates 15min, then pulls out and is put into 30 DEG C of warm water 3-5h are impregnated, is finally wrapped to be fitted into plastic storage box and be put into 30 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet towel and carries out vernalization;Seed is daily It is gently eluriated once with 30 DEG C of warm water, 1-2d buddings;
(2)Hole plate seedling growth:Nursery carries out in the greenhouse, using 50 hole hole trays, broadcasts a seed per hole, overlying matrix about 1cm is poured It is permeable(Preferably thoroughly without dripping), it is placed on the ground hot line completed, in hole tray overlying plastic film, builds Small plastic shed thereon, cover Canopy film is capped thick non-woven fabrics in canopy film before the dusk;When 70% seed is unearthed, the plastic film in hole tray is removed in time;
(3)Seedling management:Regulate and control seedbed ambient enviroment humiture, creates the external condition for being suitble to seedling development;
(3-1)Temperature management:Before emergence, nursery bed temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C or so of daytime, 20 DEG C or so of night;After emergence, daytime 25-30 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night;First 3-4 days of field planting, suitably cool down hardening, to adapt to field planting greenhouse temperature condition;
(3-2)Water management:Hole tray is not watered generally before emergence, is carried out according to water regime in hole tray and weather conditions after emergence Watering, pouring must irrigate every time;
(3-3)Illumination management:After emergence, under conditions of temperature allows, late lid insulation quilt is taken off as early as possible, and it is thin to open Small plastic shed Film covers for heat preservation, as much as possible ensures good illumination condition again at night;
Four, field planting in due course:It waits for that young plant grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, after the tight matrix of root system disk sticks together, is colonized in time;Cultivation is loaded into before field planting The organic substrate of slot is sprinkled profoundly water using dropper band, in order to avoid because of moisture supply deficiency after field planting, noon greenhouse temperature is again high, causes to plant Strain is wilted, and to extend seedling-slowing stage, reduces survival rate;It is selected in cold tail when field planting and warms up head, the cloudy morning or fine day carry out afternoon, single Row field planting, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 100cm, field planting depth sticks together with matrix to be flushed or slightly above matrix sticks together;It is fully irrigated in matrix In the case of, small water is poured after cultivation, is come into full contact with organic substrate with sharp young plant root system;
Five, it is managed after being colonized:It is colonized that laggard trip temperature, illumination, humidity, moisture, to hang climing training, artificial pollination and pest and disease damage anti- It controls;
(1)Temperature management:It is colonized daytime temperature in latter week and is maintained at 30 DEG C or so, nighttime temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or so, no Less than 15 DEG C;After slow seedling to before sitting melon, temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, and night is at 15-20 DEG C;It is swollen to fruit after seat melon Terminate greatly, be maintained at 30-35 DEG C daytime, night at 20 DEG C or so, is not less than 15 DEG C;Harvest stages are expanded in fruit stopping, being fitted Work as cooling, is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, night is at 15-20 DEG C;
(2)Illumination management:In entire cultivation, under conditions of ensureing reasonable temperature, good illumination item is created as far as possible Part;Early period is cultivated, when ambient temperature is relatively low, takes off late lid insulation quilt as early as possible, latter temperature increases, then does not have to put insulation quilt; Using the good high-quality anti-dropping film of light transmittance, Reflecting curtain is hanged up in rear wall of greenhouse;
(3)Moisture management:It is 50% -60% that thick-skinned melon, which grows suitable relative air humidity,;Seedling stage and vegetative growth phase pair Air humidity adaptability is stronger, but blooms the phase of bearing fruit, and enters particularly into the swollen melon phase, reacts sensitive to air humidity, air humidity mistake Greatly, meeting delaying anthesis, causes cauline leaf excessive growth, and easily cause the generation of disease;Greenhouse thick-skinned melon moisture management is mainly Reduce humidity, and the major measure for reducing humidity in canopy be ventilation, specific combination temperature management, equilibrium consider ventilation size and when Between;
(4)Water management:Organic substrate type soilless culture is more demanding to water management, and organic substrate humidity is generally kept in field Between maximum water-holding capacity 60% -80%, then root growth is bad for excess moisture, and then plant strain growth is slow for hypohydration, while true Protect demand of the plant critical period of water requirement to moisture;Specifically, vegetative growth phase matrix inquire for it is dry see it is wet;Florescence does not water or pours Small water, depending on weather condition, water supply in media situation and plant growing way;As a result initial stage, i.e. fruit, which start to expand to fruit, shapes, Matrix will often keep moistening;As a result the sizing of later stage, i.e. fruit carries out rationally control water, does not water or pour as possible to fruit maturation Otherwise small water can make the reduction of fruit pol, while organic substrate humidity will avoid suddenly big or suddenly small, to avoid and split melon;
(5)Hang climing training:When thick-skinned melon plant grows to 5-6 leaves, hang in time climing;Plant adjustment takes single climing training Mode, and stay 3-4 climing seat melons of son at the 12nd-15 leaf of main stem, minor is climing to be removed early, the seat melon seeds selected and remain it is climing 1 leaf pinching is stayed before female flower, the fruit that one is straight, growth potential is strong is selected and remain in pollination after the flowers are in blossom when fruit grows to egg size, Remaining fruit is thinning out in time, and main stem stays 12-13 leaf pinching upwards from melon section is sat;
(6)Artificial pollination:Muskmelon belongs to typical entomophilous flower, needs insect pollination or artificial supplementary pollination to bear fruit in cultivation, awards Powder is carried out in 8-10 point of the morning;The male flower that the same day blooms is taken when pollination, removes petal, pollen is gently applied to female flower On column cap, a male flower smears a female flower;
(7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Disease pest is relied mainly on prevention, and environmental condition in control facility is focused on, and reduces humidity, in order to avoid disease is caused to be sent out Raw and sprawling, while champac insect-attracting board is hanged up in facility, ventilation opening adds fly net, and physically trapping is done harm to as far as possible Worm cuts off worm sources, prevents insect pest;If the above-mentioned unreachable position of behave, causes pest and disease damage to spread, then select corresponding low Poison, low-residual fumigant(Such as chlorothalonil smoke or Mobucin fumicants)Carry out smoked kill;
Six, it harvests:The maturity of fruit is judged according to the maturity of pollination period and kind;It is harvested in time after fruit maturation, simultaneously It avoids harvesting underdone melon.
The date of seeding of this cultivation is on 2 2nd, 2016, and is colonized March 18, and June 5, harvesting finished;For trying pachydermia Melon variety is western thin Lip river support 3(It is purchased from Shanghai favour and Seed company);In addition, being also provided with commodity cultivation matrix(Product Board:Middle promise, N+P2O5+K2O >=2%, organic matter >=40%, producer:Huai'an Zhong Nuo developments in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd)For cultivation The processing of matrix(Simple commodity matrix)As a contrast, two processing are other than organic substrate is different, other cultivation management all sames, As described in example.Specific test result such as following table:
Influence of the table difference organic substrate composition to thick-skinned melon quality and yield
Note:Numerical value is the average value of three repeated experiments in table
As can be seen from the table, the thick-skinned melon fruit pol highest of compounded combination matrix treatments is 15.0, than simple commodity base The fruit of matter processing improves 7.91%;Its per mu yield also highest improves 11.11% than control.It can be seen that compounded combination base Matter improves the quality and yield of its thick-skinned melon.

Claims (7)

1. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon, it includes being as follows:
(1)Prepare organic substrate:It is matched using commodity organic substrate and other substances, forms the excellent of best physicochemical character Matter organic substrate;
(2)Select improved seeds:The thick-skinned melon variety for selecting high-quality, high yield, disease resistance strong;
(3)Nurturing staff:Seed is sown into hole plate seedling growth using insulating box vernalization is put into after hoting water treatment of seeds after budding;
(3-1)Presoaking and germinating:Thick-skinned melon seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water and impregnates 15min, then pulls out and is put into 30 DEG C of warm water 3-5h of middle immersion, are finally wrapped to be fitted into plastic storage box and be put into 30 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet towel and carry out vernalization;Seed is every It is gently eluriated once with 30 DEG C of warm water, 1-2d buddings;
(3-2)Hole plate seedling growth:Nursery carries out in facility, using 50 or 72 hole hole trays, broadcasts a seed per hole, overlying matrix is about 1cm is sprinkled profoundly water(Preferably thoroughly without dripping), seed plate is then placed on the ground hot line completed by nursery during the cold season, in hole tray Plastic film is covered, builds Small plastic shed thereon, covers canopy film, is capped thick non-woven fabrics before the dusk in canopy film;In hot season nursery, Then in hole tray overlying black sunshade net;After 70% or so seed is unearthed, the covering in hole tray is removed in time;
(3-3)Seedling management:According to growth of seedling different phase demand, regulate and control seedbed ambient enviroment humiture, creates and be suitble to children The external condition of seedling growth and development;
(3-3-1)Temperature management:Before emergence, nursery bed temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C or so of daytime, 20 DEG C or so of night;After emergence, in vain It 25-30 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C of night;First 3-4 days of field planting, suitably cool down hardening, to adapt to field planting greenhouse temperature condition;
(3-3-2)Water management:Hole tray is not watered generally before emergence, after emergence according to water regime in hole tray and weather conditions into Row watering, pouring must irrigate every time;
(3-3-3)Illumination management:After emergence, under conditions of temperature allows, ensure good illumination condition;
(4)Field planting in due course:It waits for that young plant grows to three leaves wholeheartedly left and right, after the tight matrix of root system disk sticks together, is colonized in time;It is loaded into before field planting The organic substrate of cultivation bed is sprinkled profoundly water using dropper band;It is selected in cold tail when field planting and warms up head, the cloudy morning or fine day carry out afternoon, single Row field planting, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 100cm, field planting depth sticks together with matrix to be flushed or slightly above matrix sticks together;It is fully irrigated in matrix In the case of, small water is poured after cultivation, is come into full contact with organic substrate with sharp young plant root system;
(5)It is managed after field planting:Scientific and reasonable temperature is carried out after field planting in greenhouse, illumination, humidity, moisture, climing training is hung, is artificial The management such as pollination and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(5-1)Temperature management:It being colonized daytime temperature in latter week and is maintained at 30 DEG C or so, nighttime temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or so, Not less than 15 DEG C;After slow seedling to before sitting melon, temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, and night is at 15-20 DEG C;To fruit after seat melon End is expanded, is maintained at 30-35 DEG C daytime, night at 20 DEG C or so, is not less than 15 DEG C;Harvest stages are expanded in fruit stopping, Appropriate cooling, is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, night is at 15-20 DEG C;
(5-2)Illumination management:In entire cultivation, under conditions of ensureing reasonable temperature, good illumination is created as far as possible Condition;Using the good high-quality anti-dropping film of light transmittance, Reflecting curtain is hanged up in rear wall of greenhouse;
(5-3)Moisture management:Greenhouse thick-skinned melon moisture management mainly reduces humidity, and reduces the major measure of humidity in canopy It is ventilation, specific combination temperature management, equilibrium consideration ventilation size and time;
(5-4)Water management:Vegetative growth phase matrix inquire for it is dry see it is wet;Small water is not watered or poured to florescence, depending on weather condition, base Depending on matter water regime and plant growing way;As a result initial stage, i.e. fruit, which start to expand to fruit, shapes, and matrix will often keep wet Profit;As a result the sizing of later stage, i.e. fruit carries out rationally control water, does not water or pour as possible small water, otherwise can make fruit to fruit maturation Pol reduces, while organic substrate humidity will avoid suddenly big or suddenly small, to avoid and split melon;
(5-5)Hang climing training:When thick-skinned melon plant grows to 5-6 leaves, hang in time climing;Plant adjustment takes single climing training Mode, and stay 3-4 climing seat melons of son at the 12nd-15 leaf of main stem, minor is climing to be removed early, and the seat melon seeds selected and remain are climing 1 leaf pinching is stayed before female flower, pollination after the flowers are in blossom selects and remain that one or two are straight, growth potential is strong when fruit grows to egg size Fruit, remaining fruit are thinning out in time, and main stem stays 12-13 leaf pinching upwards from melon section is sat;
(5-6)Artificial pollination:Pollination is carried out in 8-10 point of the morning;The male flower that the same day blooms is taken when pollination, removes petal, Pollen is gently applied on female chapiter, a male flower smears a female flower;
(5-7)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Disease pest is relied mainly on prevention, and environmental condition in control facility is focused on, and reduces humidity, in order to avoid cause disease Occur and spread, while hanging up champac insect-attracting board in facility, ventilation opening adds fly net, physically traps and kills as far as possible Pest cuts off worm sources, prevents insect pest;If the above-mentioned unreachable position of behave, causes pest and disease damage to spread, then select corresponding low Poison, low-residual fumigant carry out smoked kill;
(6)Harvesting:The maturity of fruit is judged according to the maturity of pollination period and kind;It is harvested in time after fruit maturation, simultaneously It avoids harvesting underdone melon;
It is characterized in that:In organic substrate composition involved raw material have coarse colza meal, commodity cultivation matrix, dregs of beans organic fertilizer, Ternary compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbendazim, ratio press quality(kg)To be calculated as 1:90:10:0.6:0.08:0.032.
2. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute State the powder object that coarse colza meal is gained after crushing block-like rape cake with pulverizer.
3. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute Stating the brand of commodity cultivation matrix is:Middle promise, N+P2O5+K2O >=2%, organic matter >=40%, producer:Promise agricultural section in Huai'an Skill Development Co., Ltd.
4. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute Stating the brand of dregs of beans organic fertilizer is:Rich moisture in the soil, trade name:Gao Erji, N+P2O5+K2O >=5%, organic matter >=80%, effective viable bacteria Number >=2 hundred million/gram, producer:Hebei Jin Diyuan bio-fertilizers Co., Ltd.
5. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute Stating the brand of ternary compound fertilizer is:Bright spring day, trade name:Sulphur 56 bulk blended fertilizers of energy, N-P2O5-K2O is 15-15-15, total nutrient >=45%, total sulfur(S)>=11%, producer:Shandong Hongri Acron Chemical Joint Stock Co., Ltd..
6. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute Stating the brand of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is:Awake lion, producer:Wuhan chemical industry of inorganic salt Co., Ltd.
7. the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Institute Stating the brand of carbendazim is:Yang Nong, trade name:Peasant, active constituent content:50%, dosage form:Wettable powder, producer:River Su Yang agrochemicals Group Co., Ltd.
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