CN105660275A - Method for cultivating salmon-pink brittle peach trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating salmon-pink brittle peach trees and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method comprises the steps: establishing an orchard: selecting land, which is acidulous in soil and rich in humus and is loose, air-permeable and well-drained, and carrying out planting in accordance with that the density of planting is 3m*4m (planting distance*row spacing) and the ratio of female plants to male plants is 9: 1; carrying out fertilizer and water management: carrying out topdressing once per year at a young tree stage, and carrying out topdressing on adult trees twice per year, wherein a base fertilizer for the adult trees is applied after fruits are harvested, and 60kg to 80kg of a self-prepared organic compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; carrying out pruning and fruit thinning: carrying out pruning and fruit thinning in accordance with principles that branches are uniformly distributed and ventilating and light transmission are achieved; carrying out disease and insect pest control: adopting pesticides to control diseases such as anthrax, root knot nematode disease and damping-off and insect pests such as root knot nematode disease, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Hemiberlesia rapax overwintering insects, scarabs and leafhoppers; and carrying out timely harvesting: carrying out harvesting timely as the quality and flavor of fruits will be affected if the fruits are harvested too early or too late, selecting the best time, i.e., 10 o'clock before in the morning of a windless sunny day when the air temperature does not rise, carrying out gentle picking and gentle placing, carrying out grading while carrying out picking, and carrying out packaging and warehousing.

Description

A kind of cultural method of the red crisp peach tree of chrysanthemum

Technical field:

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the cultural method that a kind of kind is the red crisp peach tree of chrysanthemum.

Background technology:

The red crisp Fructus Persicae of chrysanthemum belongs to the super late-maturing Fructus Persicae of up-to-date high-quality, and it is best in quality, and delicate fragrance is pleasant, fragrant and sweet tender and crisp and oiliness during food, cerise time ripe, early September is ripe, single fruit weight 400 grams 900 grams, and fruit hair is few, outward appearance is beautiful, and sarcocarp is creamy white, freestone, hard solute, easy preservation, storage tolerance, controlled atmosphere cold storage, up to 3 months, belongs to self-pollination kind, strong adaptability, barren-resistant soil, the equal suitable cultivation development in China's North of Yangtze River and northwest, East China and Southwest Mountainous Areas. The advantage of the red crisp Fructus Persicae of chrysanthemum is: fruit-setting rate is high, high yield, stable yields wind resistance, high temperature resistant, Storage is better, fruit subcircular, the thin succulence of sarcocarp matter, sour-sweet taste is dense, sweet acid is pleasant, nutritious, tasty, every 100 grams of sarcocarp calcics 30 milligrams, 25 milligrams of phosphorus, ferrum 1.5 milligrams, possibly together with carotene and multivitamin, wherein ascorbic content reaches 120-150 milligram, additionally also rich in ten several amino acids such as leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, valine, alanine. The red crisp Fructus Persicae of chrysanthemum can also prevent senile osteoporosis, suppress cholesterol in the deposition of Wall of Artery, improve myocardial function, prevent and treat heart disease and there is antitumaous effect, therefore, this Fructus Persicae had both had significantly high edibility, also there is significantly high medicinal and health value, simultaneously this kind peach tree plantation time wide adaptability, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, be suitable for establishing in large scale, be the extremely potential improved seeds of one.

Summary of the invention:

The problem that present invention mainly solves is to provide the method for the red crisp Fructus Persicae of a kind of establishing in large scale chrysanthemum, and the method is through practice test, respond well.

The method of the red crisp Fructus Persicae of a kind of establishing in large scale chrysanthemum, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:

1. build garden: select the micro-acid of soil, loose ventilative, draining is good, and rich in the soil of humus, average annual temperature is 15 DEG C, annual precipitation is at 1200-1400 millimeter, relative air humidity more than 80%, selects and grows normally without pest and disease damage, the high-quality strong sprout of well developed root system, planting density is spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3 × 4 meter, and male and female plant ratio is 9: 1.

2. rich water quality management: before plantation, in pit, every strain can once apply autogamy compoiste fertilizer 30-40kg, children phase tree is topdressed 1 time every year, become tree 2 times, tree base manure is become to apply after fruit harvesting, autogamy compoiste fertilizer 60-80kg is executed in every strain, topdressing for 1st time and apply after rudiment, inorganic composite fertilizer 2kg is executed in every strain, with the substantial spring tip; Applying before the growth most productive period, can apply inorganic composite fertilizer 5kg for 2nd time, will apply and grave mound digging slightly at a distance from root shallow ridges, in order to avoid causing burning root, dry season must pour water after fertilising.

3. pruning and fruit thinning: principle is to make branch be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, first time prunes and carries out to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, to prune off, appropriate cutting back, stays main climing and bearing basal shoot more; Second time is pruned to carry out removing in mid-May to early July and is sprouted, pinching, prunes off and bondage, erases the rudiment on trunk in time, arranges branches and tendrils space; Third time is pruned and within 1 month after spending, is entered ground fruit thinning, and principle is that every 4-5 sheet leaf stays 1 fruit, and every 20 centimetres of general branch stays fruit 1-2, and fruit 500-600 is stayed in a strain.

4. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: disease has anthrax, root knot nematode disease, damping-off etc., and anthrax can spray 2 800 times of carbendazim when rudiment to be prevented and treated; Root knot nematode disease, prevents and treats with Isofenphos methyl; Insect pest white mulberry scale, Bin comb armored scale are survived the winter the preventing and treating of 2000 times of liquid of worm omethoate; Chafer prevented and treated with 1000 times, Malathion liquid in the dusk of early April; Leafhopper 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Fruit piercing moth can use bagging, black light lamp or sweet-and-sour liquid mass trapping.

5. gather in time: fruit harvesting too early or crosses quality and the local flavor that all can affect fruit late, according to fruit development period, is Harvesting Date when fruit soluble solids content 7%, needs the fruit of Long-term Storage then to require to reach about 9%; Gather and should be preferred when calm fine day 10 front temperature in the morning do not raise, when gathering, will gently adopt, put down gently, it is to avoid damage, pile pressure, it is desirable to carry out packaging warehouse-in with adopting with classification.

Provide the benefit that: providing the cultural method of the red crisp peach tree of a kind of chrysanthemum, the method is through practice test, respond well, the red crisp peach tree health of chrysanthemum can be made to grow up strong and sturdy, and can produce and there emerged a the red crisp Peach fruits of high-quality chrysanthemum big, delicious.

Detailed description of the invention:

Embodiment 1

Build garden: select the micro-acid of soil, loose ventilative, draining is good, and rich in the soil of humus, average annual temperature is 15 DEG C, annual precipitation is at 1200-1400 millimeter, relative air humidity more than 80%, selects and grows normally without pest and disease damage, the high-quality strong sprout of well developed root system, planting density is spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3 × 4 meter, and male and female plant ratio is 9: 1. Rich water quality management: before plantation, in pit, every strain can once apply autogamy compoiste fertilizer 30, and children phase tree is topdressed 1 time every year, becomes tree 2 times, base manure applies after fruit harvesting, and autogamy compoiste fertilizer 60 is executed in every strain, topdresses for the 1st time and applies after rudiment, inorganic composite fertilizer 2kg is executed in every strain, with the substantial spring tip; Applying before the growth most productive period, can apply inorganic composite fertilizer 5kg for 2nd time, will apply and grave mound digging slightly at a distance from root shallow ridges, in order to avoid causing burning root, dry season must pour water after fertilising. Pruning and fruit thinning: principle is to make branch be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, first time prunes and carries out to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, to prune off, appropriate cutting back, stays main climing and bearing basal shoot more; Second time is pruned to carry out removing in mid-May to early July and is sprouted, pinching, prunes off and bondage, erases the rudiment on trunk in time, arranges branches and tendrils space;Third time is pruned and within 1 month after spending, is entered ground fruit thinning, and principle is that every 4 leaves stay 1 fruit, and every 20 centimetres of general branch stays fruit 1-2, and fruit 500 is stayed in a strain. Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: disease has anthrax, root knot nematode disease, damping-off etc., and anthrax can spray 2 800 times of carbendazim when rudiment to be prevented and treated; Root knot nematode disease, prevents and treats with Isofenphos methyl; Insect pest white mulberry scale, Bin comb armored scale are survived the winter the preventing and treating of 2000 times of liquid of worm omethoate; Chafer prevented and treated with 1000 times, Malathion liquid in the dusk of early April; Leafhopper 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Fruit piercing moth can use bagging, black light lamp or sweet-and-sour liquid mass trapping. Gather in time: fruit harvesting too early or crosses quality and the local flavor that all can affect fruit late, according to fruit development period, is Harvesting Date when fruit soluble solids content 7%, needs the fruit of Long-term Storage then to require to reach about 9%; Gather and should be preferred when calm fine day 10 front temperature in the morning do not raise, when gathering, will gently adopt, put down gently, it is to avoid damage, pile pressure, it is desirable to carry out packaging warehouse-in with adopting with classification.

Embodiment 2

Build garden: select the micro-acid of soil, loose ventilative, draining is good, and rich in the soil of humus, average annual temperature is 15 DEG C, annual precipitation is at 1400 millimeters, relative air humidity more than 80%, selects and grows normally without pest and disease damage, the high-quality strong sprout of well developed root system, planting density is spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3 × 4 meter, and male and female plant ratio is 9: 1. Rich water quality management: before plantation, in pit, every strain can once apply autogamy compoiste fertilizer 40kg, children phase tree is topdressed 1 time every year, become tree 2 times, base manure applies after fruit harvesting, autogamy compoiste fertilizer 80kg is executed in every strain, topdressing for 1st time and apply after rudiment, inorganic composite fertilizer 2kg is executed in every strain, with the substantial spring tip; Applying before the growth most productive period, can apply inorganic composite fertilizer 5kg for 2nd time, will apply and grave mound digging slightly at a distance from root shallow ridges, in order to avoid causing burning root, dry season must pour water after fertilising. Pruning and fruit thinning: principle is to make branch be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, first time prunes and carries out to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, to prune off, appropriate cutting back, stays main climing and bearing basal shoot more; Second time is pruned to carry out removing in mid-May to early July and is sprouted, pinching, prunes off and bondage, erases the rudiment on trunk in time, arranges branches and tendrils space; Third time is pruned and within 1 month after spending, is entered ground fruit thinning, and principle is that every 5 leaves stay 1 fruit, and every 20 centimetres of general branch stays fruit 1-2, and fruit 600 is stayed in a strain. Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: disease has anthrax, root knot nematode disease, damping-off etc., and anthrax can spray 2 800 times of carbendazim when rudiment to be prevented and treated; Root knot nematode disease, prevents and treats with Isofenphos methyl; Insect pest white mulberry scale, Bin comb armored scale are survived the winter the preventing and treating of 2000 times of liquid of worm omethoate; Chafer prevented and treated with 1000 times, Malathion liquid in the dusk of early April; Leafhopper 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Fruit piercing moth can use bagging, black light lamp or sweet-and-sour liquid mass trapping. Gather in time: fruit harvesting too early or crosses quality and the local flavor that all can affect fruit late, according to fruit development period, is Harvesting Date when fruit soluble solids content 7%, needs the fruit of Long-term Storage then to require to reach about 9%; Gather and should be preferred when calm fine day 10 front temperature in the morning do not raise, when gathering, will gently adopt, put down gently, it is to avoid damage, pile pressure, it is desirable to carry out packaging warehouse-in with adopting with classification.

Claims (2)

1. a cultural method for the red crisp peach tree of chrysanthemum, including: build garden, rich water quality management, pruning and fruit thinning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, gather in time;It is characterized in that:

(1) garden is built: select the micro-acid of soil, loose ventilative, draining is good, and rich in the soil of humus, average annual temperature is 15 DEG C, annual precipitation is at 1200-1400 millimeter, relative air humidity more than 80%, selects and grows normally without pest and disease damage, the high-quality strong sprout of well developed root system, planting density is spacing in the rows × line-spacing=3 × 4 meter, and male and female plant ratio is 9: 1;

(2) rich water quality management: before plantation, in pit, every strain can once apply autogamy compoiste fertilizer 30-40kg, children phase tree is topdressed 1 time every year, become tree 2 times, tree base manure is become to apply after fruit harvesting, autogamy compoiste fertilizer 60-80kg is executed in every strain, topdressing for 1st time and apply after rudiment, inorganic composite fertilizer 2kg is executed in every strain, with the substantial spring tip; Applying before the growth most productive period, can apply inorganic composite fertilizer 5kg for 2nd time, will apply and grave mound digging slightly at a distance from root shallow ridges, in order to avoid causing burning root, dry season must pour water after fertilising;

(3) pruning and fruit thinning: principle is to make branch be evenly distributed, ventilation and penetrating light, first time prunes and carries out to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, to prune off, appropriate cutting back, stays main climing and bearing basal shoot more; Second time is pruned to carry out removing in mid-May to early July and is sprouted, pinching, prunes off and bondage, erases the rudiment on trunk in time, arranges branches and tendrils space; Third time is pruned and within 1 month after spending, is entered ground fruit thinning, and principle is that every 4-5 sheet leaf stays 1 fruit, and every 20 centimetres of general branch stays fruit 1-2, and fruit 500-600 is stayed in a strain;

(4) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: disease has anthrax, root knot nematode disease, damping-off etc., and anthrax can spray 2 800 times of carbendazim when rudiment to be prevented and treated; Root knot nematode disease, prevents and treats with Isofenphos methyl; Insect pest white mulberry scale, Bin comb armored scale are survived the winter the preventing and treating of 2000 times of liquid of worm omethoate; Chafer prevented and treated with 1000 times, Malathion liquid in the dusk of early April; Leafhopper 1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Fruit piercing moth can use bagging, black light lamp or sweet-and-sour liquid mass trapping;

(5) gather in time: fruit harvesting too early or crosses quality and the local flavor that all can affect fruit late, according to fruit development period, is Harvesting Date when fruit soluble solids content 7%, needs the fruit of Long-term Storage then to require to reach about 9%; Gather and should be preferred when calm fine day 10 front temperature in the morning do not raise, when gathering, will gently adopt, put down gently, it is to avoid damage, pile pressure, it is desirable to carry out packaging warehouse-in with adopting with classification.

2. the cultural method of the red crisp peach tree of a kind of chrysanthemum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the one-tenth tree base manure described in step (2) applies after fruit harvesting, and autogamy compoiste fertilizer 70kg is executed in every strain.