CN109566404B - Method for producing hybrid seeds of two-season loofah in one year - Google Patents
Method for producing hybrid seeds of two-season loofah in one year Download PDFInfo
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims 3
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N (1e)-2-(ethylcarbamoylamino)-n-methoxy-2-oxoethanimidoyl cyanide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)NC(=O)C(\C#N)=N\OC XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005756 Cymoxanil Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-citrulline Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018780 Luffa acutangula Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ndelta-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing hybrid seeds of towel gourds in two seasons in one year, which mainly comprises two stages of crop rotation management in spring from 3 months to 7 months and crop rotation management in summer and autumn from 7 months to 12 months. The two stages comprise 6 steps of seeding and seedling raising, land preparation and transplanting, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking. The invention adopts a greenhouse and a small arched shed for seedling culture, achieves the effect of reducing the negative influence of high temperature or low temperature on the growth and development of the towel gourd by reasonably arranging stubble and agronomic measures, thereby realizing the production of the hybrid seed production of the towel gourd in two seasons in one year; compared with the conventional loofah seed production method, the method is 15-20 days earlier in spring, and stable and high-quality loofah hybrid seeds can be obtained in summer and autumn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a one-year two-season hybrid seed production and cultivation technology of towel gourds in the south of the Ehou.
Background
Luffa cylindrica of Luffa of CucurbitaceaeLuf faspp.) annual sprawl herbaceous plants, originated in tropical regions of asia, distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, oceania, africa and america, for a total of 8 species. Wherein 2 kinds of common luffa and luffa with arris are introduced into China in the 6 th century and the 19 th century respectively, and common luffa (a) is mainly distributed in ChinaLuf fa cylindrica) And Luffa acutangula (A) with arrisLuf fa acutangula) 2 kinds of the Chinese herbal medicines. Researches prove that the saponin substances, bitter substances, mucus substances, wood glue, citrulline, xylan and the like contained in the towel gourd have certain health care effect on human bodies, so the towel gourd is gradually favored in the market, and the cultivation scale is enlarged year by year, thereby providing a wide market for the hybrid seed production of the towel gourd.
The south-Evian area is located on the south-flowing bank in the middle of the Yangtze river, belongs to subtropical continental monsoon climate, is mild in climate, sufficient in illumination and abundant in rainfall, and mainly comprises the planting of common towel gourds. In the history of production of hybrid seed production of towel gourds in the south of the jaw, the production work of hybrid seed production of towel gourds can be carried out only in 3-8 months, on one hand, in the next half year, the air temperature is too high in 7 and 8 months and can reach about 38 ℃ at most, the towel gourds are warm-loving short-day plants, the optimal growth temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the high temperature and strong sunshine easily cause the towel gourds to form amphoteric flowers, so that pollination and fruit development are influenced; on the other hand, in the later development stage of the luffa in 11 months, the average temperature is rapidly reduced to below 20 ℃, the seed luffa grows slowly, seeds are easy to be completely mature, and the seed production efficiency and yield are greatly reduced.
In order to improve the seed production efficiency of the towel gourd, local seed production enterprises can only produce in spring, and the stubble is transferred to Hainan for seed reproduction in summer and autumn, so that the seed production cost is greatly increased, and therefore, the two-season towel gourd hybrid seed production technology in one year is involved, and the method plays a significant role in shortening the hybrid seed production period of the towel gourd and improving the production benefit.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of arrangement and management of towel gourd hybrid seed production stubble in the south of the Ehou province, and the application of the technology can not only shorten the seed production period, change the production history of one season of one year, but also greatly reduce the seed production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of arrangement and management of towel gourd hybrid seed production stubble in the south of the Ehou province, and the application of the technology can not only shorten the seed production period, change the production history of one season of one year, but also greatly reduce the seed production cost.
A method for producing hybrid seeds of towel gourds in two seasons in one year comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing and seedling raising of male parents:
in last ten days of 3 months, sowing the female parent in a greenhouse for 10 days later than the male parent, wherein the quantity ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seed consumption of the male parent is 20 g per mu, and the seed consumption of the female parent is 200 g per mu;
soaking seeds for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, taking out the seeds, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination for 24 hours at 30 ℃ in a constant temperature and dark place, sowing the seeds in a hole tray after the seeds are exposed to the white, and covering soil for 0.5 cm;
placing the plug on a seedbed, sleeving a small arched shed, preserving heat and moisture, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in 7 days, lifting an arched shed film in the daytime, and covering the film at night;
s2, soil preparation and transplanting:
in the last ten days of 4 months, the cucumber seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field when the two leaves and one heart are reached, soil is prepared 10 days before transplantation, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of cucumber seedlings as base fertilizers, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.3 m, and a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m is covered after the compartment surface is leveled;
periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying 6000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 600 times of 70% carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests;
during planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.5m, the row distance is 1m, and each 667m2Planting 1200 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting;
s3, field management:
5-7 days after transplanting in the middle ten to the last 5 months of 4 months, checking the seedling condition and supplementing seedlings in time, erecting and binding tendrils when the loofah stretches 40cm, removing all lateral tendrils from the female parent, eliminating the whole branches of the male parent in time, and removing the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, particularly ensuring the purity of the male parent to reach 100%;
in the aspect of loofah pest and disease damage management, damping-off, downy mildew and aphids are noticed, and the damping-off can be controlled by alternately spraying 800-1000 times of 75% dixon soluble powder, 600-800 times of 58% daphnia manganese zinc wettable powder and 500-600 times of 30% copper oxychloride suspension; the downy mildew can be prevented and treated by spraying 70% mancozeb 500-fold liquid or 72% g cyazon 600-fold liquid; the aphid can be prevented and controlled by adopting 4000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder;
s4, artificial pollination:
in the last ten days of 5 months, the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in 15 days of 5 months, and the optimal pollination period is from 22 days of 5 months to 5 days of 6 months;
the towel gourd belongs to a male and female isofloric plant, so that a female parent is strictly emasculated in the seed production process, and all the towel gourd is removed before a male flower is opened;
covering the production area with an isolation net 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen cross-flow;
collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 am every morning during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower columns of the male flowers on flower pistils of female flowers, pollinating 2-3 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 4-5 male flowers in each male flower, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and removing non-pollinated melons and abnormal melons in time so as to avoid consuming nutrients;
after pollination, the seed melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tops of the planted vines are cut off, nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2-3 melon plants are reserved in each plant;
according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;
s5, sowing and seedling raising of male parents in summer and autumn:
in the last 7 th month, the seeding is carried out in a greenhouse, and the seeding amount and the germination accelerating seeding mode of parents are the same as those of spring stubbles;
after sowing, placing the plug on a seedbed, covering a sunshade net, watering according to soil moisture content, ventilating and dehumidifying in time, and controlling the day and night temperature difference to be preferably 5-10 ℃;
s6, picking spring stubbles:
in the middle 7 th month, the whole body of the melon to be planted turns yellow brown, the quality is obviously reduced, when the planted vine begins to run down, the melon is picked in sunny weather and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing for 10 days;
s7, taking seeds of spring-stubble seed melons, and transplanting the seeds in the soil in summer and autumn:
after finishing picking up the loofah in spring in the middle ten days of 7 months, pulling seedlings, and applying base fertilizer on the whole land, wherein the specific method is the same as that of spring stubbles;
transplanting the towel gourd seedlings when the towel gourd seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, periodically transplanting the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying 6000 times of a 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 600 times of a 70% carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests;
during planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.5m, the row distance is 1m, and each 667m2Planting 1200-1300 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting;
seeds are picked in the last ten days of 7 months, the melon seeds are further picked according to the shape of the melon seeds, the seeds can be picked up after the melon seeds are dried in the air, the seeds are dried in the shade for 2-3 days after being cleaned, and the seeds can be cleaned, bagged and warehoused when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%;
s8, field management:
in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months, 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely replenishing seedlings, transplanting and binding vines when the cucumber seedlings extend 40cm long, timely removing the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, and performing the pest control method on the same spring stubble;
the proper temperature for the growth of the towel gourd is 18-32 ℃, and the reproductive growth of the towel gourd is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination;
in summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at a high temperature period, and more water is properly added when the temperature is reduced in the afternoon;
s9, artificial pollination:
the optimal pollination period is from 30 days in 9 months to 12 days in 10 months;
in the production period of summer and autumn, timely covering a sunshade net and timely watering for cooling are needed to facilitate normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers, the optimal pollination temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the key of seed production in summer and autumn is to avoid the formation of amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature;
specific pollination is carried out in the same spring stubble, tender melons enter the mature period 7-10 days after pollination, the tips of planted vines are cut off, nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2-3 melons are left in each plant;
according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;
s10 picking step:
selecting fine weather in the middle of 11 months, when the whole body of the seed melons turns yellow brown, the seed melons are obviously lightened in quality, and the seed melons begin to be picked when the planted vines begin to be exhausted and are stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing;
s11, seed taking step:
seeds are collected after 10 days of late-maturing in 11 th ten days, the melon seeds are further removed according to the shape of the melon seeds, the seeds can be taken after the melon seeds are dried in the air, the seeds are taken out, cleaned and then dried in a shade and dry place for 2-3 days, and the seeds can be cleaned, bagged and warehoused when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a greenhouse and a small arched shed for seedling culture, and achieves the effect of reducing the negative influence of high temperature or low temperature on the growth and development of the towel gourd by reasonably arranging stubble and agronomic measures, thereby realizing the production of the hybrid seed production of the towel gourd in two seasons in one year. Compared with the conventional loofah seed production method, the method is 15-20 days earlier in spring, and stable and high-quality loofah hybrid seeds can be obtained in summer and autumn.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:
the first embodiment is as follows:
3 last ten days of month-soil preparation: selecting a plot which is fertile in soil and can be irrigated and drained, applying base fertilizer in the whole land before sowing, applying 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer per mu, wherein the compartment surface is 1.5 m wide, the ditch depth is 0.3 m, the ditch width is 0.3 m, and the compartment surface is covered with a fluorescent mulching film 1.8 m wide after being leveled.
Last ten days of 4 months-seeding and seedling raising by parents: directly seeding in open field, wherein the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seed consumption of the male parent is 20 g per mu, and the seed consumption of the female parent is 200 g per mu. The sowing mode is dibbling on the film, the plant spacing is 0.5m, the row spacing is 1m, and each 667m2Planting 1200-strain sand 1300 plants, sowing the seeds about 2 cm deep, covering the seeds with soil, checking the seedling condition after the seedlings emerge, and timely filling the seedlings. And (4) controlling water and fertilizer in the seedling stage to avoid excessive growth of seedlings.
4, middle ten to last 6 months-field management: the method is characterized in that the frame is inserted and the vines are tied when the seedlings of the loofah extend about 40cm, the loofah bears fruits by the main branches, the side vines are more and easily consume nutrients, all the side vines are removed from the female parent, the side vines are not removed from the male parent, the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics are timely pulled out during the period, and particularly the purity of the male parent is guaranteed to reach 100%. In the aspect of loofah pest and disease damage management, damping-off, downy mildew and aphids are noticed, and the damping-off can be controlled by alternately spraying 800-1000 times of 75% dixon soluble powder, 600-800 times of 58% daphnia manganese zinc wettable powder and 500-600 times of 30% copper oxychloride suspension; the downy mildew can be prevented and treated by spraying 70% mancozeb 500-fold liquid or 72% g cyazon 600-fold liquid; the pesticide can be applied to the prevention and control of aphids by spraying 4000 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder.
6 in middle of the month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period is from 10 days in 6 months to 22 days in 6 months. Luffa cylindrica belongs to isofloral plants of male and female isofloral plants, so that female parent must be strictly emasculated in the process of seed production, and all male flowers are removed before the male flowers are opened. The production area is completely covered with an isolation net 10 days in advance, and no foreign pollen is guaranteed to cross flowers. Collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 in the morning every day during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower pillars of the male flowers on flower cores of female flowers, pollinating 2-3 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 4-5 female flowers in each male flower, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and other melons so as to avoid consuming nutrients. After pollination, the seed melon enters the mature period 10-15 days later, the tip of the planted vine is cut off, and the nutrition is converted to the fruit. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.
Plucking in late 8 months: when the whole body of the seed melons turns yellow brown and the planted tendrils begin to fail, selecting a sunny day, picking and storing in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing.
8 in ten days of the month-seed taking: after the seeds are picked, the seeds can be picked after the seeds are ripe for 10 days, the seeds can be picked after the seeds are dried in the air, the seeds can be picked after the seeds are cleaned and dried in the shade for 2-3 days, and after the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%, the seeds can be cleaned, bagged and warehoused.
Example two:
last ten days of month-soil preparation: after the hybrid seed production of the towel gourds in spring is finished, pulling seedlings and applying base fertilizer to the whole land, wherein 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as the base fertilizer, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.3 m, and the compartment surface is covered with a fluorescent mulching film with the width of 1.8 m after being leveled.
8 in mid-month-parent seeding and seedling raising: directly seeding in open field, wherein the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10. the sowing mode and the seedling management method are the same as the first embodiment.
From last 9 to last 10 months-field management: mainly aims at pruning and tying vines, removing seedlings in time and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The specific method is the same as the first embodiment.
10 in middle ten months-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period of the male parent and the female parent is 10 months and 10 days to 10 months and 20 days, and the specific pollination method is the same as the embodiment I.
Picking in last 12 months: the seed melons cannot be completely ripe in the last 12 th month, the outdoor average temperature is reduced to below 15 ℃, the seed melons are picked in a sunny day and stored in a cool and ventilated place, and the seeds are picked after the seeds are ripe for 10 days.
12 ten days in the middle of the month-seed taking: removing impurity melon according to shape of melon before picking, cleaning the seeds, drying in the shade for 2-3 days, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing when water content of seeds is controlled below 10%.
Example three:
the technical scheme adopted by the invention mainly comprises two stages of crop rotation management in spring of 3-7 months and crop rotation management in summer and autumn of 7-12 months. The two stages respectively comprise 6 steps of seeding and seedling raising, soil preparation and transplantation, field management, artificial pollination, picking and seed taking, and the specific steps are as follows:
last ten days of 3 months-seeding and seedling raising by parents: the step is carried out in a greenhouse, the seeding time of the female parent is 10 days later than that of the male parent, the number ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seed consumption of the male parent is 20 g per mu, and the seed consumption of the female parent is 200 g per mu. Soaking seeds for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, taking out the seeds, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination for about 24 hours at 30 ℃ in a constant temperature and dark place, sowing the seeds in a plug tray after the seeds are exposed to the white, and covering soil for 0.5 cm. Placing the plug on a seedbed, covering a small arched shed, keeping the temperature and moisture at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in about 7 days, lifting the arched shed film in the daytime and covering the film at night.
4 last ten days of month-soil preparation and transplantation: when the towel gourd seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, the towel gourd seedlings are ready to be transplanted to open field, soil is prepared 10 days before transplantation, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of field as base fertilizer, the width of the field surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.3 m, and fluorescent mulching films with the width of 1.8 m are covered after the field surface is leveled. The seedlings are periodically transplanted to the outdoor 7 days before transplantation, the stress resistance of the seedlings is improved, and the seedlings are sprayed with 6000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 600 times of 70% carbendazim to prevent plant diseases and insect pests. During planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.5m, the row distance is 1m, and each 667m2Planting 1200 plants, and watering the plants for planting once after planting.
4, middle ten to last 5 months-field management: and 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely supplementing the seedlings, erecting and binding tendrils when the towel gourd stretches the tendrils for about 40cm, removing all lateral tendrils of the female parent, not requiring pruning of the male parent, timely removing the hybrid plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, and particularly ensuring the purity of the male parent to reach 100%. In the aspect of loofah pest and disease damage management, damping-off, downy mildew and aphids are noticed, and the damping-off can be controlled by alternately spraying 800-1000 times of 75% dixon soluble powder, 600-800 times of 58% daphnia manganese zinc wettable powder and 500-600 times of 30% copper oxychloride suspension; the downy mildew can be prevented and treated by spraying 70% mancozeb 500-fold liquid or 72% g cyazon 600-fold liquid; the pesticide can be applied to the prevention and control of aphids by spraying 4000 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder.
Before and after ten days of the month 5-artificial pollination: the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in about 5-15 days, and 5-22-6-5 days in 5 months are the optimal pollination period. Luffa cylindrica belongs to isofloral plants of male and female isofloral plants, so that female parent must be strictly emasculated in the process of seed production, and all male flowers are removed before the male flowers are opened. The production area is completely covered with an isolation net 10 days in advance, and no foreign pollen is guaranteed to cross flowers. Collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 in the morning every day during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower pillars of the male flowers on flower cores of female flowers, pollinating 2-3 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 4-5 female flowers in each male flower, completing pollination before 10 am, marking pollination, and timely removing non-pollinated melons and other melons so as to avoid consuming nutrients. And (3) after pollination, the seed melons enter the mature period 7-10 days later, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2-3 melons are remained in each plant. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.
Seeding and seedling growing for parents in summer and autumn in the last ten days of 7 months: the steps are carried out in a greenhouse, and the seeding amount and the germination accelerating seeding mode of the parents are the same as those of spring stubbles. After sowing, placing the plug on the seedbed, covering a sunshade net, watering according to soil moisture content, ventilating and dehumidifying in time, and controlling the day and night temperature difference to be 5-10 ℃.
Picking spring stubbles in late 7 months: when the whole body of the seed melons turns yellow brown and the quality is obviously reduced, and the planted vines begin to be exhausted, the seeds are picked in a fine weather and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place to be aired for about 10 days.
In the middle and last ten days of 7 months, seeds of the spring-stubble seed melons are taken, and the summer and autumn stubbles are transplanted in soil preparation: after finishing picking up the loofah in spring in late 7 months, pulling seedlings, and applying base fertilizer on the whole land, wherein the specific method is the same as that of spring. Transplanting is carried out when the towel gourd seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, and the seedlings are periodically transplanted outdoors 7 days before transplanting to improve the stress resistance of the seedlingsAnd spraying 6000 times of pesticide wettable powder of 10% and 600 times of carbendazim solution of 70% to prevent plant diseases and insect pests. During planting, two lines are planted in each compartment, the planting distance is 0.5m, the row distance is 1m, and each 667m2Planting 1200-1300 plants, and watering the planting water once after planting. Seeds are picked in the last ten days of 7 months, the melon seeds are further picked according to the shape of the melon seeds, the seeds can be picked up after the melon seeds are dried in the air, the seeds are dried in the shade for 2 to 3 days after being cleaned, and the seeds can be cleaned, bagged and warehoused when the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10 percent.
From last 8 to last 9 months-field management: and 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely supplementing the seedlings, transplanting frames and binding tendrils when the towel gourd seedlings extend about 40cm long, timely removing the hybrid plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, and performing the pest control method and the spring stubble. The proper temperature for the growth of the towel gourd is 18-32 ℃, and the reproductive growth of the towel gourd is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination. In summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at high temperature, and more water is properly added when the temperature drops in the afternoon.
9 in middle of the month-artificial pollination: the optimal pollination period is from 30 days in 9 months to 12 days in 10 months. During production in summer and autumn, a sunshade net is timely covered, watering is timely carried out, and temperature reduction is carried out to facilitate normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers, the optimal pollination temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the key of seed production in summer and autumn is to avoid amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature. The specific pollination operation is carried out in the same spring, the tender melons enter the mature period 7-10 days after pollination, the tips of the planted vines are cut off, the nutrition is converted to the fruits, and 2-3 melons are left in each plant. According to the growth potential, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land and irrigated in time.
11 in middle ten days of the month-picking: and selecting a fine weather, when the whole body of the seed melons turns yellow brown, the seed melons obviously reduce the quality, and when the planted vines begin to collapse, the seed melons begin to be picked and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing.
11 late ten days of the month-seed taking: after-ripening for 10 days, picking seeds, further removing the seeds according to the shape of the melon, taking the seeds after the seeds are dried in the air, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the air for 2-3 days in a shady and dry place, and cleaning, bagging and warehousing after the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%.
Attached table 1 three crop rotation schemes in each phenological period comparison table
Claims (1)
1. A method for producing hybrid loofah seeds in two seasons in one year is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sowing and seedling raising steps of the parent:
in last ten days of 3 months, sowing the female parent in a greenhouse for 10 days later than the male parent, wherein the quantity ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 10, the seed consumption of the male parent is 20 g per mu, and the seed consumption of the female parent is 200 g per mu;
soaking seeds for 0.5 hour at 55 ℃ before sowing, taking out the seeds, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze, accelerating germination for 24 hours at 30 ℃ in a constant temperature and dark place, sowing the seeds in a hole tray after exposing the seeds to the white, and covering soil for 0.5 cm;
placing the plug on a seedbed, sleeving a small arched shed, preserving heat and moisture, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, growing seedlings in 7 days, lifting an arched shed film in the daytime, and covering the film at night;
s2, soil preparation and transplanting:
in the last ten days of 4 months, when the cucumber seedlings grow to have two leaves and one core, transplanting the cucumber seedlings to open field, preparing the field 10 days before transplanting, applying 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizers to each mu of field, wherein the width of the field surface is 1.5 m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 m, the width of the ditch is 0.3 m, and the field surface is covered with 1.8 m wide fluorescent mulching film after being leveled;
periodically transferring the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying 6000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 600 times of 70% carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests;
planting two lines in each compartment during field planting, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5m, the row spacing is 1m, 1200 plants are planted every 667m & lt 2 & gt, and field planting water is poured once after field planting; s3, field management:
5-7 days after transplanting in the middle ten to the last 5 months of 4 months, checking the seedling condition and supplementing seedlings in time, erecting and binding tendrils when the loofah stretches 40cm, removing all lateral tendrils from the female parent without pruning the male parent, timely removing the hybrid plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, and ensuring the purity of the male parent to reach 100%;
in the aspect of loofah pest and disease damage management, attention is paid to damping-off, downy mildew and aphid, 75% of dixon soluble powder 800-1000 times liquid, 58% of daphnia manganese zinc wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 30% of copper oxychloride suspension 500-600 times liquid are alternately sprayed on the damping-off for prevention and treatment; spraying 70% mancozeb 500-fold liquid or 72% cymoxanil 600-fold liquid for controlling downy mildew; the aphid is prevented and controlled by adopting 4000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder;
s4, artificial pollination:
in the last ten days of 5 months, the male parent and the female parent begin to bud in 15 days of 5 months, and 5 days from 22 days of 5 months to 6 months are pollination periods;
the towel gourd belongs to a male and female isofloric plant, so that a female parent is strictly emasculated in the seed production process, and all the female parent is knocked off before a male flower is opened;
covering the production area with an isolation net 10 days in advance to ensure no foreign pollen cross-flow;
collecting male flowers at 5:00-6:00 am every morning during pollination, loading the male flowers into a plastic basket, smearing flower columns of the male flowers on flower pistils of female flowers, pollinating 2-3 female flowers in each male flower, pollinating 4-5 female flowers in each male flower, completing pollination before 10 am, making pollination marks, and removing non-pollinated melons and abnormal melons in time so as to avoid consuming nutrients; after pollination, the seed melons enter a mature period within 7-10 days, the tops of the planted vines are cut off, nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2-3 melon plants are reserved in each plant;
according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water;
s5, sowing and seedling raising of the parent-offspring in summer and autumn:
in the last 7 th month, the seeding is carried out in a greenhouse, and the seeding amount and the germination accelerating seeding mode of parents are the same as those of spring stubbles;
after sowing, placing the plug tray on a seedbed, covering a sunshade net, watering according to soil moisture content, ventilating and dehumidifying in time, and controlling the temperature difference between day and night to be 5-10 ℃;
s6, picking spring stubbles:
in the middle 7 th month, the whole body of the melon to be planted turns yellow brown, the quality is obviously reduced, when the planted vine begins to run down, the melon is picked in sunny weather and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing for 10 days;
s7, taking seeds of spring-stubble seed melons, and transplanting the seeds in the soil in summer and autumn:
after finishing picking up the loofah in spring in the middle ten days of 7 months, pulling seedlings, and applying base fertilizer on the whole land, wherein the specific method is the same as that of spring stubbles;
transplanting loofah seedlings when the loofah seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, periodically transplanting the seedlings to the outdoor 7 days before transplanting, improving the stress resistance of the seedlings, and spraying 6000 times of a 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 600 times of a 70% carbendazim solution to prevent plant diseases and insect pests;
planting two lines in each compartment during field planting, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5m, the row spacing is 1m, 1200-1300 plants are planted every 667m2, and field planting water is poured once after field planting;
seeds are picked in the last ten days of 7 months, the muskmelons are further removed according to the shape of the muskmelons, the seeds are taken after the muskmelons are dried, the seeds taken out are cleaned and then dried in a shade and dry place for 2-3 days, and the seeds are cleaned, bagged and warehoused when the water content of the seeds is controlled below 10%;
s8, field management:
in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months, 5-7 days after transplanting, checking the seedling condition and timely replenishing seedlings, transplanting and binding vines when the cucumber seedlings extend 40cm long, timely removing the mixed plants which do not accord with the variety characteristics in the period, and performing the same spring stubble with the pest control method;
the proper temperature for the growth of the towel gourd is 18-32 ℃, and the reproductive growth of the towel gourd is facilitated by reducing the temperature and strong illumination;
in summer and autumn, a sunshade net is required to be covered at a high temperature period, and more water is properly added when the temperature is reduced in the afternoon;
s9, artificial pollination:
the pollination period is from 30 days at 9 months to 12 days at 10 months;
in the production period of summer and autumn, timely covering a sunshade net and timely watering for cooling are paid attention to facilitate normal differentiation of male flowers and female flowers, the pollination temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the key of seed production in summer and autumn is to avoid the formation of amphoteric flowers caused by high temperature;
specific pollination is carried out in the same spring stubble, tender melons enter the mature period 7-10 days after pollination, the tips of planted vines are cut off, nutrition is converted to fruits, and 2-3 melons are left in each plant; according to the growth potential, topdressing 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu and timely irrigating water; s10, picking step:
selecting fine weather in the middle of 11 months, when the whole body of the seed melons turns yellow brown, the seed melons are obviously lightened in quality, and the seed melons begin to be picked when the planted vines begin to be exhausted and are stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place for airing;
s11, seed taking step:
seeds are collected after 10 days of late-maturing in 11 th ten days, the seeds are further removed according to the shape of the seeds, the seeds are taken after the seeds are dried in the air, the seeds are taken out, the seeds are cleaned and then aired in a cool and dry place for 2-3 days, and the seeds are cleaned, bagged and warehoused after the water content of the seeds is controlled to be below 10%.
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