CN110754233A - Cultivation method of black pearl cherries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of black pearl cherries. The invention selects the semi-lignified branch of the black pearl cherry as the F1 generation scion and selects the crabapple tree as the first generation stock, so that the cultivated F2 generation scion has the characteristics of crabapple, and the deep red degree and sweetness of the fruit are increased; the F1 generation scions are removed once in the process of tissue culture once, so that the factors that the scions are not suitable for local growth are avoided, and the disease resistance and the metamorphosis resistance of the scions are improved; then grafting the F2 generation scion to a wild cherry tree, so that the F3 generation scion has the growth characteristics of local cherries, gradually evolves to a fruit tree capable of vigorous growth in the local area, and effectively improves the growth activity and the disease resistance of the F3 generation scion used as a cutting scion under the action of No. 2 nutrient solution; the two-time grafting cooperation enables the black pearl fruit trees cultivated by using F3 generation scions as cutting scions to effectively adapt to the climate in southern regions, so that the cultivated fruits are larger in size, are evenly thoroughly removed and are sweet enough.

Description

Cultivation method of black pearl cherries

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of black pearl cherries.

Background

The iron content of the cherries is high, and the iron content of every hundred grams of cherries reaches up to 59 milligrams, and the cherries are positioned at the head of fruits. The content of the vitamin A is 4-5 times more than that of the grapes, the apples and the oranges; the carotene content is 4-5 times more than that of grapes, apples and oranges; in addition, the cherry also contains vitamin B, C and mineral elements such as calcium and phosphorus; each 100g of the feed contains 83g of water, 1.4g of protein, 0.3g of fat, 8g of sugar, 14.4g of carbohydrate, 66 kilocalories of heat, 0.4g of crude fiber, 0.5g of ash, 18mg of calcium, 18mg of phosphorus, 5.9mg of iron, 0.15mg of carotene, 0.04mg of thiamine, 0.08mg of riboflavin, 0.4mg of nicotinic acid, 900mg of ascorbic acid, 258mg of potassium, 0.7mg of sodium and 10.6mg of magnesium.

The cherry can relieve anemia, and iron is a raw material for synthesizing hemoglobin of a human body; can be used for treating weakness of spleen and stomach, anorexia, diarrhea, yin injury of spleen and stomach, and dry mouth and tongue; liver and kidney deficiency, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, weakness of limbs, or spermatorrhea; blood deficiency, dizziness, palpitation, lusterless complexion, and intractable freckle on face can be used for relieving intractable speckle.

In the south, especially in the Guizhou area, because the climate change is large and the climate change is infrequent, the produced black pearl cherries are small in size and not sweet as imaginable, and because the black pearl varieties are not local varieties, the black pearl cherries grow in a small amount after being transplanted to the local, the black pearl cherries are easy to be diseased and are subject to the attack of fruits or leaves of mosquitoes.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the growth vigor and the water and soil adaptability of the black pearl cherry fruit trees in the south are improved, and the quality of the black pearl cherries is improved, the invention provides a cultivation method of the black pearl cherries.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating black pearl cherries comprises the following steps:

s1, tissue culture F2 generation scion: selecting adult Chinese flowering crabapple trees in the bearing period as stocks, taking black pearl twigs as F1 generation scions, grafting the scions onto the stocks, applying No. 1 nutrient solution and nutrient fertilizer in a matching manner, and performing tissue culture for one time; taking the twig strips differentiated after the survival of the F1 generation scion grafting as F2 generation scions;

s2, tissue culture F3 generation scion: taking the F2 substitute scions, grafting the scions to healthy wild cherry trees in the fruiting period, applying No. 2 nutrient solution and nutrient fertilizer in a matching manner, performing secondary tissue culture, grafting the F2 scions to survive, and then taking the differentiated twig strips as F3 substitute scions;

s3, seedling cultivation: cutting the F3-substituted scion, cutting the cutting scion into a cutting seedling ball, and placing the cutting scion on a seedling bed for seedling tissue culture; the seedling bed is located in a ventilated sunny black soil area, the ground surface is finely ground and leveled, and a ridge bed is arranged, the height of the bed is 15-20 cm, the width of the bed is 1-1.2 cm, and the length of the bed is 3-5 m;

s4, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into an open seedling field after the seedlings are cultivated and survive and 2-3 true leaves are grown, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1 multiplied by 1 m; when the seedlings survive below the soil and grow to 30-50 cm high, the seedlings are planted in a plantation with the row spacing of 3 multiplied by 5 m;

s5, fruit tree management: after the black pearl saplings are planted and survive, conventional shaping and pruning and fertilizer and water management are carried out on the black pearl saplings.

Preferably, the No. 1 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

mixing 3L of decomposed human and animal manure liquid into 10L of decomposed biogas liquid, uniformly mixing, and then mixing 30-40 g of monopotassium phosphate, 100-120 g of glucose, 10-15 g of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 g of zinc chloride, 30-40 ml of bitter bamboo essential oil and 40-50 ml of pine oil; mixing, and sieving with 300 mesh sieve;

the bitter bamboo essential oil is fresh bitter bamboo pure juice.

The nutrient solution No. 1 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of grafted F1 generation scions and crabapple stocks, is injected to the grafting position, has a proper sterilization effect on the grafting position under the auxiliary action of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and quickly promotes the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position under the integral mixing action of pine oil and other components.

Preferably, the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

taking 100-150 parts of completely decomposed animal manure, drying in the sun, crushing into 1-2 cm long stem sections, mixing with 10-12 parts of plant ash, 30-35 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 15-20 parts of ternary compound fertilizer powder, 3-5 parts of borax powder and 4-8 parts of calcium superphosphate powder, uniformly mixing, spraying clear water until the surface is wet, uniformly mixing again, and performing sealed fermentation for 3-5 days to obtain the fertilizer.

Preferably, the primary tissue culture method is as follows:

after F1 scion grafting is finished, spraying No. 1 nutrient solution on trunks and branches and leaves of the crabapple trees, injecting 8-10 ml of No. 1 nutrient solution into the grafted branches, burying 5-7 kg of nutrient fertilizer at the roots of the crabapples, and burying 10-15 cm away from the trunks of the crabapples; then, the No. 1 nutrient solution is selected and sprayed on the trunks, branches and leaves of the crabapple once every two weeks, and the nutrient fertilizer is replaced once every season.

Preferably, the No. 2 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

mixing 30-40 g of monopotassium phosphate, 200-300 g of glucose, 10-15 g of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 g of zinc chloride, 40-45 ml of bitter bamboo essential oil, 60-70 ml of pine oil and 10-15 g of boric acid into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry; mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the product. The nutrient solution No. 2 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the grafted F2 generation scion and the growth of a wild cherry tree, and is injected to a grafting position, a proper sterilization effect is achieved on the grafting position under the auxiliary effect of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position are rapidly promoted under the integral mixing effect of pine oil and other components.

Preferably, the secondary tissue culture method is as follows:

after the F2 generation scion grafting is completed, injecting No. 2 nutrient solution into an infusion bag, and carrying out hanging bag infusion treatment on the grafted wild cherry tree; the infusion part is 30-50 cm lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree, the infusion part is far lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree by utilizing the characteristic that plant moisture and nutrients are transported from the root to the tip, the nutrient solution No. 2 is absorbed and converted by the wild cherry tree in the nutrient and moisture transport process, and is transported to the grafting part, so that the nutrient components absorbed by the scion and the whole stock are completely identical, the growth habit and the characteristic of the wild cherry tree are received by the F2 generation scion, and the local environment growth adaptability of the cultivated F3 generation scion is improved;

meanwhile, 10-15 ml of No. 2 nutrient solution is injected to the grafting position, so that the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position are rapidly promoted;

after grafting is finished, 15-20 kg of nutrient fertilizer is buried in the root of the wild cherry tree, and then the nutrient fertilizer is replaced and buried once every season to provide proper slow-release fertility for the grafted wild cherry tree and the scion.

Preferably, the cutting shoot is cut according to the following method:

taking a semi-lignified F3-substituted cutting shoot as a cutting object, controlling the cut cutting shoot to comprise at least one spore or one leaf, promoting the rapid differentiation and survival of the cutting shoot after cutting, and keeping the overall growth activity of the cutting shoot; the upper end and the lower end of the cutting spike are cut into equidirectional 45-degree inclined openings, so that the nutrient and moisture transportation efficiency of the cutting spike is promoted, and the distance between the upper inclined opening and spores or leaves is 0.5-1.5 cm;

placing the cut cutting shoots into sterilized water at the upper and lower oblique openings for wetting; the disinfectant fluid is prepared by mixing 10% of carbendazim solution and bitter bamboo essential oil according to the proportion of 10: 2-3.

Preferably, the cutting seedling ball is prepared by the following method:

uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of humus, 30-35 parts of decomposed stable manure with the length of 0.3-0.5 cm, 3-5 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 10-15 parts of plant ash and 3-5 parts of soybean hull powder, pumping water to prepare a thin mud shape, kneading the mixture into mud balls with the diameter of 5-7 cm, and drilling 5-7 through holes in the mud balls when the mud balls are dried to 7, wherein the holes have the diameter of 3-5 mm; the proper amount of holes increases the ventilation and water drainage of the nursery stock ball, prevents the nursery stock ball from hardening and hardening, and further prevents the cutting shoot from rooting and sprouting.

Preferably, before the cutting shoots are transplanted on the seedling bed, the No. 1 nutrient solution, the No. 2 nutrient solution or a combination solution of the No. 1 nutrient solution and the No. 2 nutrient solution are selected to be sprayed on the seedling bed until the water content of the seedling bed is 45-61%.

Preferably, the seedling tissue culture method comprises the following steps:

after cutting the cutting ears into the seedling balls, spraying the seedling balls wet, placing the seedling balls in small pits dug before lifting a seedbed, wherein the depth of each pit is 7-8 cm, the distance between every two pits is 10-12 cm, each pit is provided with one seedling ball with the cutting ears, and the upper inclined openings of the cutting ears are controlled to face the sunny direction when the seedling balls are placed;

after the placement is finished, paving fine soil until the upper surface of the seedbed is level, watering thoroughly, erecting bamboo bows, covering films, paying attention to water retention, heat preservation and ventilation, and culturing until the cutting shoots completely survive; when the first true leaf of the cutting ear grows out, the film can be properly removed, but the cutting ear is prevented from being washed by rainstorm or being sunburned in burning sun.

In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the conventional shaping, trimming and fertilizer and water management are as follows:

the method is characterized in that local cherries are shaped and trimmed according to the growth habits of the local cherries, and are subjected to fertilization management by selecting a nutrient fertilizer, weeding is performed once a month, and surface soil is loosened every half year, so that soil hardening is prevented.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with the prior art, the half-lignified branch of the black pearl cherry is selected as the F1 generation scion, and the Chinese flowering crabapple tree is selected as the first generation stock, so that the cultivated F2 generation scion has the characteristics of the Chinese flowering crabapple, and the deep redness and sweetness of the fruit are increased; the F1 generation scions are removed once in the process of tissue culture once, so that the factors that the scions are not suitable for local growth are avoided, and the disease resistance and the metamorphosis resistance of the scions are improved; then grafting the F2 generation scion to a wild cherry tree, so that the F3 generation scion has the growth characteristics of local cherries, gradually evolves to a fruit tree capable of vigorous growth in the local area, and effectively improves the growth activity and the disease resistance of the F3 generation scion used as a cutting scion under the action of No. 2 nutrient solution; by the cooperation of grafting for two times, the black pearl fruit trees cultivated by taking F3 generation scions as cutting scions are effectively adapted to the climate in southern areas, so that the cultivated fruits are larger in size, are evenly thoroughly removed and are sweet enough;

moreover, the seedling is cultivated by adopting a cutting seedling ball mode, the interior of the seedling ball contains various nutrient components required for rooting and sprouting of the cutting shoot, and the seedling ball can lock nutrients and avoid nutrient dissipation; transplanting the seedlings, and planting after the seedlings grow to a certain height, so that the growth period of the black pearl cherries can be greatly shortened, and the characteristics of F3 generation scions after two times of grafting cultivation can be more stabilized in a shorter period.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the technical solutions provided by the present invention include not only the contents shown in the examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for cultivating black pearl cherries, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1, tissue culture F2 generation scion: selecting adult Chinese flowering crabapple trees in the fruiting period as stocks, taking black pearl twigs as F1-generation scions, grafting the twigs onto the stocks, selecting No. 1 nutrient solution to spray trunks and branches and leaves of the Chinese flowering crabapple trees after the scion grafting of F1 is finished, injecting 8ml No. 1 nutrient solution into the grafted branches, burying 5kg of nutrient fertilizer at the roots of the Chinese flowering crabapple, and burying the position 10cm away from the trunks of the Chinese flowering crabapple; then, the No. 1 nutrient solution is selected and sprayed on the trunks, branches and leaves of the crabapple once every two weeks, and the nutrient fertilizer is replaced once every season; taking the twig strips differentiated after the survival of the F1 generation scion grafting as F2 generation scions;

the No. 1 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: mixing 3L of decomposed human and animal excreta into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry, mixing, and adding 30g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 120g of glucose, 10g of calcium superphosphate, 15g of zinc chloride, 30ml of bitter bamboo pure juice and 450ml of pine oil; mixing, and sieving with 300 mesh sieve; the nutrient solution No. 1 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of grafted F1 generation scions and crabapple stocks, is injected to the grafting position, has a proper sterilization effect on the grafting position under the auxiliary action of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and quickly promotes the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position under the integral mixing action of pine oil and other components;

the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by the following method: taking 100 parts of completely decomposed animal manure, drying in the sun, crushing into 1cm long stem sections, mixing with 12 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 20 parts of ternary compound fertilizer powder, 3 parts of borax powder and 8 parts of calcium superphosphate powder, spraying clear water after uniformly dry stirring until the surface is wet, uniformly mixing again, and performing sealed fermentation for 3 days to obtain the fertilizer;

s2, tissue culture F3 generation scion: taking the F2 substitute scion, grafting the scion to a healthy wild cherry tree in a bearing period, after the F2 substitute scion grafting is completed, injecting No. 2 nutrient solution into an infusion bag, and carrying out hanging bag infusion treatment on the grafted wild cherry tree; the infusion part is 30cm lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree, the infusion part is far lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree by utilizing the characteristic that plant moisture and nutrients are transported from the root to the tip, the nutrient solution No. 2 is absorbed and converted by the wild cherry tree in the nutrient and moisture transport process, and is transported to the grafting part, so that the nutrient components absorbed by the scion and the whole stock are completely identical, the F2 generation scion is enabled to receive the growth habit and the characteristic of the wild cherry tree, and the local environment growth adaptability of the cultivated F3 generation scion is improved;

meanwhile, 10ml of No. 2 nutrient solution is injected to the grafting position, so that the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position are promoted;

after grafting is finished, burying 15kg of nutrient fertilizer at the root of the wild cherry tree, replacing the nutrient fertilizer every quarter, providing proper slow-release fertility for the grafted wild cherry tree and the scion, and taking a twig strip obtained after grafting survival of the F2 scion and differentiation as a F3-generation scion;

the No. 2 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: mixing 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 300g of glucose, 10g of calcium superphosphate, 15g of zinc chloride, 40ml of bitter bamboo pure juice, 70ml of pine oil and 10g of boric acid into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry; mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the product; the nutrient solution No. 2 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the grafted F2 generation scion and the growth of a wild cherry tree, is injected to a grafting position, has a proper sterilization effect on the grafting position under the auxiliary action of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and quickly promotes the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position under the integral mixing action of pine oil and other components;

s3, seedling cultivation: taking a semi-lignified F3-substituted cutting shoot as a cutting object, controlling the cut cutting shoot to comprise at least one spore or one leaf, promoting the rapid differentiation and survival of the cutting shoot after cutting, and keeping the overall growth activity of the cutting shoot; the upper end and the lower end of the cutting spike are cut into equidirectional 45-degree inclined openings, so that the nutrient and moisture transportation efficiency of the cutting spike is promoted, and the distance between the upper inclined openings and spores or leaves is 0.5cm to 1.5 cm;

placing the cut cutting shoots into sterilized water at the upper and lower oblique openings for wetting; the disinfectant fluid is prepared by mixing 10% of carbendazim solution and bitter bamboo essential oil according to the proportion of 10: 2; after sterilizing water is completely absorbed by filter paper, cutting the seedling ball in a cutting mode, spraying wet seedling balls after cutting ears are cut into the seedling ball, placing the seedling ball in small pits dug before the seedling bed is lifted, wherein the depth of each pit is 7cm, the distance between every two pits is 10cm, each pit is provided with one seedling ball with the cutting ears, and the upper inclined openings of the cutting ears are controlled to face towards the same direction and face towards the sun when the seedling ball is placed; after the placement is finished, paving fine soil until the upper surface of the seedbed is level, watering thoroughly, erecting bamboo bows, covering films, paying attention to water retention, heat preservation and ventilation, and culturing until the cutting shoots completely survive; when the first true leaf of the cutting spike grows out, the film can be properly removed, but the cutting spike needs to be prevented from being washed by rainstorm or being sunburned in burning sun;

the seedling bed is located in a ventilated sunny black soil area, the ground surface is finely crushed and leveled, and a ridge bed is arranged, the height of the bed is 15cm, the width of the bed is 1cm, and the length of the bed is 3 m;

the cutting seedling ball is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring 20 parts of humus, 30 parts of 0.5cm long rotten stable manure, 5 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 10 parts of plant ash and 5 parts of soybean hull powder uniformly, pumping water to prepare a thin mud shape, kneading the mixture into mud balls with the diameter of 5cm, and drilling 5 through holes with the diameter of 5mm on the mud balls when the mud balls are dried to 7; the proper amount of holes increase the ventilation and water drainage of the nursery stock balls, prevent the nursery stock balls from hardening and hardening, and further prevent the cutting shoots from rooting and sprouting;

s4, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into an open seedling field with the row spacing of 1 multiplied by 1m after the seedlings are cultivated and survive and 2 true leaves are grown, and spraying No. 1 nutrient solution to apply a seedbed before transplanting until the water content of the seedbed is 45 percent; when the seedlings survive below the planting field and grow to be more than 30cm high, the seedlings are planted in the planting field, and the row spacing of the seedlings is 3 multiplied by 5 m;

s5, fruit tree management: after the young black pearl trees are planted and survived, the young black pearl trees are trimmed according to the growth habit of local cherries, and are subjected to fertilization management by selecting a nutrient fertilizer, weeding is carried out once a month, and surface soil is loosened every half year, so that soil hardening is prevented.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a method for cultivating black pearl cherries, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1, tissue culture F2 generation scion: selecting adult Chinese flowering crabapple trees in the fruiting period as stocks, taking black pearl twigs as F1-generation scions, grafting the twigs onto the stocks, selecting No. 1 nutrient solution to spray trunks and branches and leaves of the Chinese flowering crabapple trees after the scion grafting of F1 is finished, injecting 10ml of No. 1 nutrient solution into the grafted branches, burying 7kg of nutrient fertilizer at the roots of the Chinese flowering crabapple, and burying the position 15cm away from the Chinese flowering crabapple trunks; then, the No. 1 nutrient solution is selected and sprayed on the trunks, branches and leaves of the crabapple once every two weeks, and the nutrient fertilizer is replaced once every season; taking the twig strips differentiated after the survival of the F1 generation scion grafting as F2 generation scions;

the No. 1 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: mixing 3L of decomposed human and animal excreta into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry, mixing, and adding 40g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g of glucose, 15g of calcium superphosphate, 10g of zinc chloride, 40ml of bitter bamboo pure juice and 40ml of pine oil; mixing, and sieving with 300 mesh sieve; the nutrient solution No. 1 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of grafted F1 generation scions and crabapple stocks, is injected to the grafting position, has a proper sterilization effect on the grafting position under the auxiliary action of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and quickly promotes the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position under the integral mixing action of pine oil and other components;

the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by the following method: taking 150 parts of completely decomposed animal manure, drying in the sun, crushing into a stem section with the length of 2cm, mixing with 10 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 15 parts of ternary compound fertilizer powder, 5 parts of borax powder and 4 parts of calcium superphosphate powder, spraying clear water after uniformly dry-mixing until the surface is wet, uniformly mixing again, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 5 days to obtain the fertilizer;

s2, tissue culture F3 generation scion: taking the F2 substitute scion, grafting the scion to a healthy wild cherry tree in a bearing period, after the F2 substitute scion grafting is completed, injecting No. 2 nutrient solution into an infusion bag, and carrying out hanging bag infusion treatment on the grafted wild cherry tree; the infusion part is 50cm lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree, the infusion part is far lower than the lowest grafting part of the wild cherry tree by utilizing the characteristic that plant moisture and nutrients are transported from the root to the tip, the nutrient solution No. 2 is absorbed and converted by the wild cherry tree in the nutrient and moisture transport process, and is transported to the grafting part, so that the nutrient components absorbed by the scion and the whole stock are completely identical, the F2 generation scion is enabled to receive the growth habit and the characteristic of the wild cherry tree, and the local environment growth adaptability of the cultivated F3 generation scion is improved;

meanwhile, 15ml of No. 2 nutrient solution is injected to the grafting position to promote the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position;

after grafting is finished, 20kg of nutrient fertilizer is buried at the root of the wild cherry tree, and then the nutrient fertilizer is replaced and buried once every quarter to provide proper slow-release fertility for the grafted wild cherry tree and the scion, and the tender branches differentiated after the F2 scion is grafted and survived are taken as F3 generation scions;

the No. 2 nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: mixing 40g of monopotassium phosphate, 200g of glucose, 15g of calcium superphosphate, 10g of zinc chloride, 45ml of bitter bamboo pure juice, 60ml of pine oil and 15g of boric acid into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry; mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the product; the nutrient solution No. 2 can provide sufficient nutrient components for the grafted F2 generation scion and the growth of a wild cherry tree, is injected to a grafting position, has a proper sterilization effect on the grafting position under the auxiliary action of bitter bamboo essential oil components and zinc chloride components, and quickly promotes the rapid differentiation and healing of the grafting position under the integral mixing action of pine oil and other components;

s3, seedling cultivation: taking a semi-lignified F3-substituted cutting shoot as a cutting object, controlling the cut cutting shoot to comprise at least one spore or one leaf, promoting the rapid differentiation and survival of the cutting shoot after cutting, and keeping the overall growth activity of the cutting shoot; the upper end and the lower end of the cutting spike are cut into equidirectional 45-degree inclined openings, so that the nutrient and moisture transportation efficiency of the cutting spike is promoted, and the distance between the upper inclined openings and spores or leaves is 0.5cm to 1.5 cm;

placing the cut cutting shoots into sterilized water at the upper and lower oblique openings for wetting; the disinfectant fluid is prepared by mixing 10% of carbendazim solution and bitter bamboo essential oil according to the proportion of 10: 3; after sterilizing water is completely absorbed by filter paper, cutting the seedling ball in a cutting mode, spraying wet seedling balls after cutting ears are cut into the seedling ball, placing the seedling ball in small pits dug before the seedling bed is lifted, wherein the depth of each pit is 8cm, the distance between every two pits is 12cm, each pit is provided with one seedling ball with the cutting ears, and the upper inclined openings of the cutting ears are controlled to face towards the same direction and face towards the sun when the seedling ball is placed; after the placement is finished, paving fine soil until the upper surface of the seedbed is level, watering thoroughly, erecting bamboo bows, covering films, paying attention to water retention, heat preservation and ventilation, and culturing until the cutting shoots completely survive; when the first true leaf of the cutting spike grows out, the film can be properly removed, but the cutting spike needs to be prevented from being washed by rainstorm or being sunburned in burning sun;

the seedling bed is located in a ventilated sunny black soil area, the ground surface is finely crushed and leveled, and the ridge bed is 20cm high, 1.2cm wide and 5m long;

the cutting seedling ball is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring 30 parts of humus, 35 parts of 0.3cm long rotten stable manure, 3 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 15 parts of plant ash and 3 parts of soybean hull powder uniformly, pumping water to prepare a thin mud shape, kneading the mixture into mud balls with the diameter of 7cm, and drilling 7 through holes with the diameter of 3mm on the mud balls when the mud balls are dried to 7; the proper amount of holes increase the ventilation and water drainage of the nursery stock balls, prevent the nursery stock balls from hardening and hardening, and further prevent the cutting shoots from rooting and sprouting;

s4, transplanting seedlings: after the seedlings are cultivated and survive and 3 true leaves are grown, transplanting the seedlings into an open seedling field, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 1 multiplied by 1m, and spraying No. 1 nutrient solution, No. 2 nutrient solution or a combination solution of the No. 1 nutrient solution and the No. 2 nutrient solution on a seedbed before transplanting until the water content of the seedbed is 61 percent; when the seedlings survive below the planting field and grow to about 50cm high, the seedlings are planted in the planting field, and the row spacing of the seedlings is 3 multiplied by 5 m;

s5, fruit tree management: after the young black pearl trees are planted and survived, the young black pearl trees are trimmed according to the growth habit of local cherries, and are subjected to fertilization management by selecting a nutrient fertilizer, weeding is carried out once a month, and surface soil is loosened every half year, so that soil hardening is prevented.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The cultivation method of the black pearl cherries is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, tissue culture F2 generation scion: selecting adult Chinese flowering crabapple trees in the bearing period as stocks, taking black pearl twigs as F1 generation scions, grafting the scions onto the stocks, applying No. 1 nutrient solution and nutrient fertilizer in a matching manner, and performing tissue culture for one time; taking the twig strips differentiated after the survival of the F1 generation scion grafting as F2 generation scions;

s2, tissue culture F3 generation scion: taking the F2 substitute scions, grafting the scions to healthy wild cherry trees in the fruiting period, applying No. 2 nutrient solution and nutrient fertilizer in a matching manner, performing secondary tissue culture, grafting the F2 scions to survive, and then taking the differentiated twig strips as F3 substitute scions;

s3, seedling cultivation: cutting the F3-substituted scion, cutting the cutting scion into a cutting seedling ball, and placing the cutting scion on a seedling bed for seedling tissue culture; the seedling bed is located in a ventilated sunny black soil area, the ground surface is finely ground and leveled, and a ridge bed is arranged, the height of the bed is 15-20 cm, the width of the bed is 1-1.2 cm, and the length of the bed is 3-5 m;

s4, transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into an open seedling field after the seedlings are cultivated and survive and 2-3 true leaves are grown, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1 multiplied by 1 m; when the seedlings survive below the soil and grow to 30-50 cm high, the seedlings are planted in a plantation with the row spacing of 3 multiplied by 5 m;

s5, fruit tree management: after the black pearl saplings are planted and survive, conventional shaping and pruning and fertilizer and water management are carried out on the black pearl saplings.

2. The method for cultivating the black pearl cherries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution No. 1 is prepared by the following method:

mixing 3L of decomposed human and animal manure liquid into 10L of decomposed biogas liquid, uniformly mixing, and then mixing 30-40 g of monopotassium phosphate, 100-120 g of glucose, 10-15 g of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 g of zinc chloride, 30-40 ml of bitter bamboo essential oil and 40-50 ml of pine oil; mixing, and sieving with 300 mesh sieve;

the bitter bamboo essential oil is fresh bitter bamboo pure juice.

3. The method for cultivating the black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

taking 100-150 parts of completely decomposed animal manure, drying in the sun, crushing into 1-2 cm long stem sections, mixing with 10-12 parts of plant ash, 30-35 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 15-20 parts of ternary compound fertilizer powder, 3-5 parts of borax powder and 4-8 parts of calcium superphosphate powder, uniformly mixing, spraying clear water until the surface is wet, uniformly mixing again, and performing sealed fermentation for 3-5 days to obtain the fertilizer.

4. The method for cultivating black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the primary tissue culture method comprises the following steps:

after F1 scion grafting is finished, spraying No. 1 nutrient solution on trunks and branches and leaves of the crabapple trees, injecting 8-10 ml of No. 1 nutrient solution into the grafted branches, burying 5-7 kg of nutrient fertilizer at the roots of the crabapples, and burying 10-15 cm away from the trunks of the crabapples; then, the No. 1 nutrient solution is selected and sprayed on the trunks, branches and leaves of the crabapple once every two weeks, and the nutrient fertilizer is replaced once every season.

5. The method for cultivating the black pearl cherries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution No. 2 is prepared by the following method:

mixing 30-40 g of monopotassium phosphate, 200-300 g of glucose, 10-15 g of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 g of zinc chloride, 40-45 ml of bitter bamboo essential oil, 60-70 ml of pine oil and 10-15 g of boric acid into 10L of decomposed biogas slurry; mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the product.

6. The method for cultivating black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the secondary tissue culture method comprises the following steps:

after the F2 generation scion grafting is completed, injecting No. 2 nutrient solution into an infusion bag, and carrying out hanging bag infusion treatment on the grafted wild cherry tree; the infusion position is 30-50 cm lower than the lowest grafting position on the wild cherry tree; simultaneously injecting 10-15 ml of No. 2 nutrient solution into the grafting position;

after grafting is finished, 15-20 kg of nutrient fertilizer is buried in the root of the wild cherry tree, and then the nutrient fertilizer is replaced and buried once every quarter.

7. The method for cultivating the black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the cutting shoots are cut according to the following method:

taking a semi-lignified F3-substituted cutting shoot as a cutting object, and controlling the cut cutting shoot to comprise at least one spore or one leaf; the upper end and the lower end of the cutting spike are cut into 45-degree oblique openings in the same direction, and the distance between the upper oblique openings and the spores or the leaves is 0.5-1.5 cm;

placing the cut cutting shoots into sterilized water at the upper and lower oblique openings for wetting; the disinfectant fluid is prepared by mixing 10% of carbendazim solution and bitter bamboo essential oil according to the proportion of 10: 2-3.

8. The method for cultivating the black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the cutting seedling ball is prepared by the following method:

uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of humus, 30-35 parts of decomposed stable manure with the length of 0.3-0.5 cm, 3-5 parts of bitter bamboo powder, 10-15 parts of plant ash and 3-5 parts of soybean hull powder, pumping water to prepare a thin mud shape, kneading the mixture into mud balls with the diameter of 5-7 cm, and drilling 5-7 through holes with the diameter of 3-5 mm on the mud balls when the mud balls are dried to 7.

9. The method for cultivating black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein before the cuttage shoots are transplanted on the seedling bed, a No. 1 nutrient solution, a No. 2 nutrient solution or a combination of the No. 1 nutrient solution and the No. 2 nutrient solution are selected and sprayed on the seedling bed until the water content of the seedling bed is 45-61%.

10. The method for cultivating black pearl cherries according to claim 1, wherein the seedling tissue culture method comprises the following steps:

after cutting the cutting ears into the seedling balls, spraying the seedling balls wet, placing the seedling balls in small pits dug before lifting a seedbed, wherein the depth of each pit is 7-8 cm, the distance between every two pits is 10-12 cm, each pit is provided with one seedling ball with the cutting ears, and the upper inclined openings of the cutting ears are controlled to face the sunny direction when the seedling balls are placed;

after the placement, paving fine soil until the upper surface of the seedbed is level, watering thoroughly, erecting bamboo bows, covering with thin films, and culturing until the cutting shoots completely survive.