CN112154884A - Method for interplanting konjak under walnut forest - Google Patents
Method for interplanting konjak under walnut forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees, which comprises the following steps: selecting land; land preparation: after deeply ploughing the planting land, scattering 150-200 kg of biochar, 80-120 kg of mushroom bran and 20-30 kg of sulfur per mu of the planting land, then scattering 80-100 kg of sodium hypochlorite solution per mu of the planting land, and then ditching and managing soil moisture of the planting land; processing the taro seeds: soaking the sun-cured taro seeds in a seed soaking liquid for 30-50 min; seeding: firstly, digging planting furrows on the moist soil surface, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 3-5 cm in the planting furrows, spraying brown sugar water on the farmyard manure mixture, and then planting taro seeds in the planting furrows; management of walnut trees: conveying 800-1000 ML of nutrient solution to each walnut tree when the walnut trees sprout; sixthly, management in forest: comprises intertillage weeding and fertilizer and water management; and seventh, harvesting. The method not only can effectively utilize idle land under the forest, change waste into valuable and increase the income of farmers, but also can realize the high yield and the increased income of the walnut trees and the konjak.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting konjak in a walnut forest.
Background
The konjak is also used as ground konjak, is a perennial herb of Araceae ground konjak, contains a large amount of mannose anhydride, vitamins, plant fibers and a certain amount of mucin, and has peculiar health care effect and medical treatment effect; the mucin contained in rhizoma Amorphophalli can reduce the accumulation of cholesterol in vivo, prevent arteriosclerosis and prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Eating rhizoma Amorphophalli can improve immunity, the contained mannose anhydride has interference effect on cancer cell metabolism, and the contained good dietary fiber can stimulate organism to generate a substance for killing cancer cells, and can be used for preventing and treating cancer and tumor. The cellulose can promote gastrointestinal motility, relax bowel, prevent constipation, reduce fat absorption by intestine, and is beneficial for treating intestinal tract diseases. Konjak is a low-calorie food, and glucomannan of konjak absorbs water and swells, and can be increased to 30-100 times of the original volume, so that the konjak has satiety after eating and is an ideal weight-reducing food. The konjak can delay the absorption of glucose, effectively reduce the postprandial blood sugar, thereby reducing the load of pancreas, ensuring that the sugar metabolism of a diabetic patient is in virtuous circle, and the hypoglycemic phenomenon caused by the sudden drop of the blood sugar like some hypoglycemic drugs can not occur. The multiple medicinal effects of the konjak promote the konjak to have wide market value. The konjak belongs to the shady plants, leaves are easy to burn by sunshine for a long time, and plant diseases and insect pests are caused, so that the yield is reduced, and if the konjak is interplanted with other higher shady plants, the land utilization rate can be improved, and the economic benefit of the konjak can be increased.
The walnut is a juglandaceae plant, is tasty, contains rich nutrients, trace elements and a large amount of linoleic acid glyceride, can be used for extracting oil, preparing cakes and candies, and has the effects of reducing the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal tracts, preventing hypertension and arteriosclerosis and strengthening brain and improving intelligence after being frequently eaten by people. The walnut belongs to a perennial deciduous tree, the crown is high, the interval between trees is more than 5m, a relatively open walnut forest can be formed under the trees, and meanwhile, the walnut leaves decay in the soil after falling, so that the soil of the forest land contains rich organic matters. The governments in the southwest region have been vigorously promoted to return to cultivation since 2000 years, economic forest trees such as walnut trees are planted in the cultivation land of many regions, but good benefits cannot be brought to the growers all the time after walnut planting, because: firstly, the yield of walnuts in the first three years of planting is very low, the time of 6-8 years is generally needed when the walnuts enter a high yield period, and the walnuts cannot form the yield in the early planting period, so that the economic benefit cannot be brought in advance; secondly, the main cultivated land of many families can not plant other crops because of being covered by walnut forest now, and the main economic crop of planting family is walnut planting, and the price of walnut drops again in recent years, leads to peasant's income to descend by a wide margin, does not bring good economic benefits to planting family.
In recent years, the konjak and walnut cultivation technology is mature day by day, and the konjak is planted in a walnut forest, so that the early economic benefit can be brought, and the purpose of increasing the income of farmers is achieved. However, the konjak is limited by life habits, the yield of the konjak is reduced along with continuous cropping, the probability of suffering from root rot is increased year by year, and the planting income of the konjak is greatly influenced. Therefore, the development of a method for interplanting konjak in a walnut forest, which not only reasonably utilizes land resources, but also can realize double yield increase of walnut and konjak and reduce the planting cost, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide the method for interplanting the konjak in the walnut forest, which not only reasonably utilizes land resources, but also can realize double yield increase of the walnut and the konjak and reduce the planting cost.
The invention discloses a method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a field, namely selecting a walnut forest with a slope of below 20 degrees and a shading rate of 40-75% as a planting field;
land preparation: after the walnuts are harvested, removing weeds, dead branches, stones and other impurities under the walnuts, deeply ploughing the soil by more than 25cm before winter, ploughing fallen leaves under the walnuts into the soil, after one month of ploughing, scattering 150-200 kg of biochar, 80-120 kg of mushroom bran and 20-30 kg of sulfur per mu of planting land, spraying 80-100 kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 2-3% per mu of planting land, then shallowly ploughing the planting land by 10-15 cm, leveling and raking finely, ditching and managing soil moisture in the planting land among the walnuts, wherein the width of the soil moisture surface is 1-1.2 m, the height is 20-30 cm, and the width of a soil moisture ditch is 30-40 cm;
processing the taro seeds: selecting konjak bulblets with full eyes, shallow buds, full bulbs, no breakage, no mildew and rot, and no diseases and insect pests as taros, placing the taros in sunlight for 10-15 h, placing the taros in seed soaking liquid for soaking for 30-50 min, forbidding stirring of the taros during seed soaking, and preventing the taros from peeling off the skins, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of cassia seed polysaccharide, 0.3-0.5 part of auricularia auricula polysaccharide, 0.2-0.5 part of allicin, 4-6 parts of chicory extract, 4-6 parts of fleabane extract and 50-60 parts of water;
seeding: during the period from the last ten days of February to the middle ten days of March, firstly digging two planting furrows with the width of 20-30 cm and the depth of 15-20 cm on the moisture surface, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting furrows is 20-30 cm, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 3-5 cm in the planting furrows, spraying red sugar water with the mass concentration of 3-5% on the farmyard manure mixture, spraying 50-60 kg of red sugar water per mu, then planting taro seeds treated in the planting furrows according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm, finally covering the planting furrows with shallow soil, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 5-6 cm, irrigating the roots with trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with the dilution factor of 2000-2500 times after finishing covering the soil, and then covering the crop straws or dead branches and fallen leaves between the forests on the moisture surface;
management of walnut trees: when walnut trees sprout, 800-1000 mL of nutrient solution is delivered to each walnut tree, and the method for delivering the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: drilling a small hole in the trunk of the walnut tree, enabling the hole to penetrate into the xylem of the walnut tree, filling nutrient solution into an infusion bag, inserting a needle head at the lower end of the infusion bag into the small hole, sealing a gap between the needle head and the small hole by paraffin, then hanging the infusion bag to a high place with 200cm above the small hole, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of protein, 1-1.5 parts of lignin, 0.5-1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1 part of potassium nitrate and 100-150 parts of glucose water;
sixthly, management in forest:
a: intertillage weeding: before the emergence of seedlings of taros, if the weeds in the planting field are more, the herbicides can be sprayed to seal the weeds in the soil to grow, and intertillage weeding is carried out as required in the growing season and after lodging;
b: and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering according to the weather condition, timely draining ditches and removing stains when rainstorm occurs, topdressing a seedling-lifting fertilizer for 1 time after the seedlings of the taros are aligned, topdressing a growth fertilizer for 2-3 times in a vigorous growth period, and topdressing the growth fertilizer for 1 time every 7-10 days;
and (c) harvesting: and (4) after the konjak seedlings are poured, harvesting according to a conventional mode.
Further, in the third step, the preparation method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: grinding chicory root, adding water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the chicory root into the chicory root, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 30-40 min, filtering to obtain filter residue and first filtrate, then adding water which is 5-8 times of the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 30-40 min, filtering to obtain second filtrate, combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate, uniformly mixing, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1-1.2 to obtain the chicory extract.
Further, in the third step, the preparation method of the fleabane extract comprises the following steps: the fleabane is cut into pieces, and subjected to circulating countercurrent extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide, the fleabane is extracted for 2-3 hours under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 28-30 Mpa and the extraction temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the fleabane extract is obtained after the extraction.
Further, in the fourth step, the farmyard manure mixture is prepared by mixing thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, adding plant ash accounting for 0.2-0.5 times of the mass of the sheep manure, uniformly stirring, adding human excrement biogas slurry accounting for 3 times of the mass of the sheep manure, fermenting at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 months, and mixing the mixture obtained by fermentation, the compound fertilizer and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 0.2-0.3: 0.1.
Further, in the step b, the seedling extraction fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: uniformly mixing 50-100 parts of pig manure, 50-100 parts of sheep manure and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial liquid, stacking and fermenting, wherein the water content is controlled to be 50-60% during the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, the stack is turned for 1 time every 15-20 days, and the humus is obtained after fermenting for 4-5 months and achieving the decomposing state; when the seedling raising fertilizer is applied, the seedling raising fertilizer is firstly placed around the roots of the taro seedlings, a layer of fine soil is covered on the seedling raising fertilizer, and 50-100 kg of the seedling raising fertilizer is applied in each mu.
Further, in the step b, the growth fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry generated by human excrement, 1-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 150-200 parts of water, wherein the growth fertilizer is sprayed on the roots, preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by mixing 5-10 parts of radix stemonae, 3-8 parts of radix astragali, 10-15 parts of common andrographis herb, 4-8 parts of philippine violet herb, 5-15 parts of barbed skullcap herb, 3-10 parts of weeping forsythia, 10-15 parts of rhodiola rosea and 4-7 parts of plantain herb, crushing, placing into a container, adding 80-100 parts of water by weight, soaking for 15-20 min, heating and decocting until the water content is 15-20%, and obtaining the Chinese herbal medicine extract.
Compared with the prior walnut planting technology, the invention has the advantages that:
firstly, in the process of treating the planting field, deep ploughing and turning the soil, mixing the turned soil with biochar, mushroom bran and sulfur, wherein the biochar and mushroom bran have porosity, the soil is loose and porous, so that water and moisture can be conveniently preserved, the added sulfur and sodium hypochlorite can also sterilize and disinfect the soil, and meanwhile, the sulfur and the sodium hypochlorite can also maintain the weak acidity of the soil, so that the growth of the konjac is facilitated;
secondly, the seed soaking liquid is adopted to soak the taro seeds, the seed soaking liquid can effectively kill germs and viruses carried in the taro seeds, enhance the biological enzyme activity of the taro seeds, effectively promote the cell metabolic capability of the taro seeds, promote the sprouting of new buds, lead the seedlings to emerge quickly, promote the rooting of the taro seeds, effectively promote the division, differentiation and appreciation of root systems, enhance the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients, lead the konjak seedlings to be sturdy, increase the accumulation of nutrient substances and promote the early sprouting of stems and leaves, the formula of the seed soaking liquid is scientific and reasonable, the problem of pesticide residue caused by using pesticide is avoided, the damage of the pesticide to the taro seeds is avoided, the safety of drug treatment is ensured, and the seed soaking liquid is easy to decompose and has no residue;
thirdly, the invention aims at the growth habit of the konjak, in the fertilizer management of konjak planting, the nutrient requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied from each growth period, so as to meet different requirements of the konjak in different growth periods, promote the quick growth of the konjak and improve the yield of the konjak, when the base fertilizer is applied, the organic fertilizer is taken as the main component, the base fertilizer is applied sufficiently, the additional fertilizer is applied early, the nutrient requirements in the early growth period of the konjak can be met, in the seedling stage of the konjak, the seedling raising fertilizer is applied to effectively promote the rooting and the leaf expanding of the konjak seed, the quick growth of the konjak is facilitated, the photosynthesis of the konjak and the storage of nutrient substances are promoted, and in the tuber growth period of the konjak, the high-potassium and phosphorus type fertilizer is taken as the main component, the development of the reproductive organ of the konjak and the aggregation of nutrient substances in the root are promoted, the yield of the konjak is improved, and the rotation period of the konjak planting can be prolonged by reasonable, the phenomena of low yield and poor quality of the konjak caused by continuous cropping obstacles are avoided;
fourthly, under the condition of following the planting characteristics of walnuts and konjac, the optimal under-forest planting is obtained through careful and careful continuous repeated experiments, the planting method fully utilizes the required conditions of the walnut trees in the corresponding growth stages, the walnut trees can bear fruits after 2-3 years after being planted, the economic benefit is slow to take effect, the konjac is planted under the walnut forest, the height difference between the walnuts and the konjac is obvious, a three-dimensional cultivation system can be formed, a natural shade shed formed by the height of the walnuts is fully utilized, the light transmittance of the natural shade shed is effectively controlled, a certain shade effect is provided for the konjac, and the yield and the quality of the konjac are improved;
fifthly, the invention carries out under-forest planting on walnuts and konjak, after the walnuts are harvested and fallen into leaves, the walnut leaves and walnut peels can have good prevention and control effects on plant diseases and insect pests generated in the growth process of the konjak, the influence degree of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the planting of the konjak breaks the vacuum period of the walnut planting, even in the blank income period of walnuts, fruits are harvested, the income of fruit growers is effectively ensured, meanwhile, the invention combines the production line of the agriculture and forestry gardens, effectively improves the utilization rate of the land, further improves the yield of the land per unit area, can realize double yield increase of the walnuts and the konjak, and in addition, in the konjak planting process, the method is also equivalent to the management and protection work of weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like on walnut trees, the planting method can further promote the high yield and the income increase of the walnut trees, and has a positive promoting effect on increasing the yield values of the walnut trees and the konjak.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
selecting a walnut forest with a gradient of below 20 degrees and a shading rate of 40 percent as a planting field, wherein the planting field is preferably sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matters;
land preparation: after the walnuts are harvested, removing weeds, dead branches, stones and other impurities under the walnuts, deeply turning over the land by more than 25cm before the walnuts enter the winter, turning over fallen leaves under the walnuts into the soil, after one month of the sun-drying, scattering 150kg of biochar, 80kg of mushroom bran and 20kg of sulfur per mu of the planting land, spraying 80kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 2% per mu of the planting land, then shallowly turning over the planting land by 10cm, leveling and raking the soil, deeply turning over the soil, mixing the turned-up soil with biochar, mushroom bran and sulfur, wherein the biochar and the mushroom bran have porosity, the soil is loose and porous, the water and moisture can be conveniently preserved, the added sulfur and sodium hypochlorite can also sterilize and disinfect the soil, meanwhile, the sulfur and sodium hypochlorite can also maintain weak acidity of the soil, the growth of konjac is facilitated, furrowing is carried out on the planting land between walnuts, the soil moisture is managed, the width of the soil moisture surface is 1m, and the, the width of the dead furrow is 30 cm;
processing the taro seeds: selecting konjak bulblets with full eyes, shallow buds, full bulbs, no breakage, no mildew and rot, and no diseases and insect pests as taros, placing the taros in the sun for 10 hours, placing the taros in seed soaking liquid for soaking for 30min, forbidding stirring the taros during seed soaking, and preventing the taros from peeling off, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of magnesium chloride, 0.1 part of cassia seed polysaccharide, 0.3 part of auricularia polysaccharide, 0.2 part of allicin, 4 parts of chicory extract, 4 parts of fleabane extract and 50 parts of water, wherein the preparation method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: crushing chicory roots, adding water which is 8 times of the weight of the chicory roots, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 30min, filtering to obtain filter residues and a first filtrate, then adding water which is 5 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 30min, filtering to obtain a second filtrate, combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate, uniformly mixing, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1 to obtain the chicory extract, wherein the preparation method of the sweet wormwood herb extract comprises the following steps: the sweet wormwood is cut and subjected to circulating countercurrent extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide, the sweet wormwood is extracted for 2 hours under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 28Mpa and the extraction temperature is 55 ℃, sweet wormwood extract is obtained after extraction, seed soaking liquid can effectively kill germs and viruses carried in the sweet wormwood, the biological enzyme activity of the sweet wormwood is enhanced, the cell metabolism capability of the sweet wormwood is effectively promoted, sprouting and sprouting of new buds are promoted, the emergence of seedlings is fast, the rooting is promoted, the splitting differentiation and proliferation of a root system are effectively promoted, the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients are enhanced, the sweet wormwood seedlings are robust, the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased, the early germination of stem leaves is promoted, the formula of the seed soaking liquid is scientific and reasonable, the problem of pesticide residues caused by using pesticides is avoided, the damage of the pesticide to the sweet wormwood is avoided, the safety of drug treatment is guaranteed, and the seed soaking liquid is easy to decompose and free of residues;
seeding: in the middle ten days from February to March, firstly digging two planting ditches with the width of 20cm and the depth of 15cm on the surface of the soil moisture, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is 20cm, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 3cm in the planting ditches, spraying 3% of red sugar water on the farmyard manure mixture, wherein the weight of the red sugar water is 50kg per mu, the farmyard manure mixture is prepared by mixing thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1:2, then adding plant ash accounting for 0.2 times of the mass of the sheep manure, stirring uniformly, then adding human manure and biogas slurry accounting for 3 times of the mass of the sheep manure, fermenting at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 3 months, then mixing the mixture obtained by fermentation, compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.1 to obtain the farmyard manure mixture, and sowing the mixture and the red sugar water in the planting ditches before the planting ditches, on one hand, the activity of a planting field can be effectively improved, the soil is fertilized, rich organic matters are provided for the growth of the taro seeds, the nutrition metabolism capability of the taro seeds is enhanced, on the other hand, the looseness and the air permeability of the soil can be kept, the soil hardening is avoided, a loose and fertile growth environment is provided for the growth of the taro seeds, then the taro seeds processed in the step three are planted in a planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 20cm, finally, the planting ditch is covered with shallow soil, the thickness of the covering soil is 5cm, after the covering soil is finished, the roots of the taro seeds are irrigated for 1 time by trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with the dilution multiple of 2000 times, and then the soil moisture surface is covered with crop straws or dead branches and;
management of walnut trees: when walnut trees sprout, 800mL of nutrient solution is delivered to each walnut tree, and the nutrient solution delivery method comprises the following steps: drilling a small hole in the trunk of the walnut tree, enabling the hole to penetrate into the xylem of the walnut tree, filling nutrient solution into an infusion bag, inserting a needle head at the lower end of the infusion bag into the small hole, sealing a gap between the needle head and the small hole by paraffin, then hanging the infusion bag to a high place with 200cm above the small hole, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of protein, 1 part of lignin, 0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5 part of potassium nitrate and 100 parts of glucose water, and after the walnut tree is injected with nutrient solution, the maturation time of the female flower and the maturation time of the male flower can be effectively adjusted, so that the maturation time of the female flower and the maturation time of the male flower can be kept consistent, the pollination rate of the walnut flower is improved, and the fruit setting rate of the walnut is further improved;
sixthly, management in forest:
a: intertillage weeding: before the emergence of seedlings of taros, if the weeds in the planting field are more, the herbicide can be sprayed to seal the weeds in the soil to grow, intertillage weeding is carried out as required in the growing season and after lodging, and the heel weeding is carried out according to the conventional mode,
b: and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering according to the weather condition, timely draining ditches to remove stains when rainstorm occurs, and topdressing a seedling-lifting fertilizer for 1 time after taro seedlings are aligned, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: uniformly mixing 50 parts of pig manure, 50 parts of sheep manure and 3 parts of EM bacterial liquid, stacking and fermenting, wherein the water content is controlled to be 50% in the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50 ℃, the stack is turned and piled for 1 time every 15 days, and the humus is obtained after fermenting for 4 months to a decomposing state; when the seedling raising fertilizer is applied, the seedling raising fertilizer is firstly placed around the roots of taro seedlings, then a layer of fine soil is covered on the seedling raising fertilizer, 50kg of the seedling raising fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode per mu, the topdressing seedling raising fertilizer can effectively promote the rooting and leaf spreading of the taro seeds of the konjac, is beneficial to the rapid growth of the konjac, promotes the photosynthesis of the konjac and the storage of nutrient substances, the growth fertilizer is applied for 2 times in a vigorous growth period, and the growth fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the growth fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of compound fertilizer, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of biogas slurry generated by human excrement, 1 part of Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and 150 parts of water, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution is prepared by mixing 5 parts of radix stemonae, 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of common andrographis herb, 4 parts of Chinese violet, 5 parts of barbed skullcap herb, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae, 10 parts of rhodiola rosea and 4 parts of plantain herb by weight, crushing the mixture, putting the crushed mixture into a container, adding 80 parts of water by weight, soaking the mixture for 15min, heating and decocting the mixture until the water content is 15% to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution, the growth fertilizer is sprayed on the root, the additionally applied growth fertilizer mainly comprises high-potassium and phosphorus type fertilizers, can promote the development of reproductive organs of konjak and the aggregation of nutrient substances on the root, is favorable for improving the yield of konjak, can be favorable for prolonging the crop rotation period of konjak planting through reasonable fertilization, and avoids the low yield of, poor quality;
and (c) harvesting: and (4) after the konjak seedlings are poured, harvesting according to a conventional mode.
In the planting method of the embodiment 1, the walnuts have a shading effect on the konjac, and the walnuts have a prevention and treatment effect on certain plant diseases and insect pests, so that the growth of the konjac is facilitated, the occurrence rate of root rot is reduced, and continuous cropping planting of the konjac can be realized; meanwhile, idle soil under the forest can be effectively utilized by konjak planting, waste is changed into valuable, income of farmers is increased, the konjak planting process is equivalent to management and protection work such as weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like on walnut trees, high yield and income increase of the walnut trees and the konjak can be promoted, and compared with the existing method for interplanting konjak under the forest, the yield of the konjak can be improved by 9.76%, and the yield of walnuts can be improved by 14.56%.
Example 2:
the method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
selecting a walnut forest with a gradient of below 20 degrees and a shading rate of 60 percent as a planting field, wherein the planting field is preferably sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matters;
land preparation: after the walnuts are harvested, removing weeds, dead branches, stones and other impurities under the walnuts, deeply turning over the land by more than 25cm before the walnuts enter the winter, turning over fallen leaves under the walnuts into the soil, after one month of the sun-drying, scattering 180kg of biochar, 100kg of mushroom bran and 25kg of sulfur per mu of the planting land, spraying 90kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 2.5% per mu of the planting land, then shallowly turning over the planting land by 12cm, leveling and raking the soil, deeply turning over the soil, mixing the turned-up soil with the biochar, the mushroom bran and the sulfur, wherein the biochar and the mushroom bran have porosity, the soil is loose and porous, so that the water and the moisture can be conveniently preserved, the added sulfur and the sodium hypochlorite can also sterilize and disinfect the soil, meanwhile, the sulfur and the sodium hypochlorite can also maintain the faintly acid of the soil, so that the growth of konjac can be facilitated, the planting land among the walnuts is subjected to soil moisture management, the width of the soil moisture surface, the width of the dead furrow is 35 cm;
processing the taro seeds: selecting konjak bulblets with full eyes, shallow buds, full bulbs, no breakage, no mildew and rot, and no diseases and insect pests as taros, placing the taros in the sun for 12 hours, placing the taros in seed soaking liquid for soaking for 40min, forbidding stirring the taros during seed soaking, and preventing the taros from peeling off, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.2 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.15 part of cassia seed polysaccharide, 0.4 part of auricularia polysaccharide, 0.4 part of allicin, 5 parts of chicory extract, 5 parts of fleabane extract and 55 parts of water, wherein the preparation method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: crushing chicory roots, adding water which is 9 times of the weight of the chicory roots, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 35min, filtering to obtain filter residues and a first filtrate, then adding water which is 6 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 35min, filtering to obtain a second filtrate, combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate, uniformly mixing, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.1 to obtain the chicory extract, wherein the preparation method of the sweet wormwood herb extract comprises the following steps: the tarragon is cut and subjected to circulating countercurrent extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide, the tarragon is extracted for 2.5 hours under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 29Mpa and the extraction temperature is 58 ℃, a tarragon extract is obtained after the extraction, seed soaking liquid can effectively kill germs and viruses carried in tarragon, the biological enzyme activity of tarragon is enhanced, the cell metabolism capability of tarragon is effectively promoted, the germination of new buds is promoted, the emergence of seedlings is fast, the hair roots of the tarragon are promoted, the splitting differentiation and the proliferation of the root system are effectively promoted, the absorption and the utilization efficiency of nutrients are enhanced, the konjak seedlings are robust, the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased, the early germination of stems and leaves is promoted, the formula of the seed soaking liquid is scientific and reasonable, the problem of pesticide residues caused by using pesticides is avoided, the damage of the pesticides to the tarragon is avoided, the safety of drug treatment is guaranteed, and the tarragon is easy;
seeding: in the middle ten days from February to March, firstly digging two planting ditches with the width of 25cm and the depth of 18cm on the soil moisture surface, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is 25cm, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 4cm in the planting ditches, spraying red sugar water with the mass concentration of 4% on the farmyard manure mixture, wherein the weight of the red sugar water is 55kg per mu, the farmyard manure mixture is prepared by mixing thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1:2.5, then adding plant ash accounting for 0.35 times of the mass of the sheep manure, stirring uniformly, then adding human urine biogas slurry accounting for 3 times of the mass of the sheep manure, placing at the temperature of 55 ℃ for fermentation for 3 months, then mixing the fermented mixture, compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1.5:0.25:0.1 to obtain the farmyard manure mixture, before sowing, applying the farmyard manure mixture and the red sugar water in the planting ditches, on one hand, the activity of a planting field can be effectively improved, the soil is fertilized, rich organic matters are provided for the growth of the taro seeds, the nutrition metabolism capability of the taro seeds is enhanced, on the other hand, the looseness and the air permeability of the soil can be kept, the soil hardening is avoided, a loose and fertile growth environment is provided for the growth of the taro seeds, then the taro seeds processed in the step three are planted in a planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 22cm, finally, the planting ditch is covered with shallow soil, the thickness of the covering soil is 5cm, after the covering soil is finished, the roots of the taro seeds are irrigated for 1 time by trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with the dilution multiple of 2300 times, and then the soil moisture surface is covered with crop straws or dead branches and;
management of walnut trees: when walnut trees sprout, 900mL of nutrient solution is delivered to each walnut tree, and the nutrient solution delivery method comprises the following steps: drilling a small hole in the trunk of the walnut tree, enabling the hole to penetrate into the xylem of the walnut tree, filling nutrient solution into an infusion bag, inserting a needle head at the lower end of the infusion bag into the small hole, sealing a gap between the needle head and the small hole by paraffin, then hanging the infusion bag to a high place with 200cm above the small hole, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2.5 parts of protein, 1.2 parts of lignin, 0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.8 part of potassium nitrate and 125 parts of glucose water, and after the walnut tree is injected with the nutrient solution, the maturation time of the female flower and the maturation time of the male flower can be effectively adjusted, so that the maturation time of the female flower and the maturation time of the male flower can be kept consistent, the pollination rate of the walnut flower is improved, and the fruit setting rate of the walnut is further improved;
sixthly, management in forest:
a: intertillage weeding: before the emergence of seedlings of taros, if the weeds in the planting field are more, the herbicide can be sprayed to seal the weeds in the soil to grow, intertillage weeding is carried out as required in the growing season and after lodging, and the heel weeding is carried out according to the conventional mode,
b: and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering according to the weather condition, timely draining ditches to remove stains when rainstorm occurs, and topdressing a seedling-lifting fertilizer for 1 time after taro seedlings are aligned, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: uniformly mixing 80 parts of pig manure, 80 parts of sheep manure and 4 parts of EM bacterial liquid, stacking and fermenting, wherein the water content is controlled to be 55% during the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is controlled to be 55 ℃, the stack is turned and piled for 1 time every 18 days, and the humus is obtained after fermenting for 4 months to a decomposed state; when the seedling raising fertilizer is applied, the seedling raising fertilizer is firstly placed around the roots of taro seedlings, then a layer of fine soil is covered on the seedling raising fertilizer, 80kg of the seedling raising fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode per mu, the topdressing seedling raising fertilizer can effectively promote the rooting and leaf spreading of the taro seeds of the konjac, is beneficial to the rapid growth of the konjac, promotes the photosynthesis of the konjac and the storage of nutrient substances, the growth fertilizer is applied for 2 times in a vigorous growth period, and the growth fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the growth fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15 parts of compound fertilizer, 12 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 22 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8 parts of biogas slurry generated by human excrement, 1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 180 parts of water, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by mixing 8 parts of radix stemonae, 7 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 12 parts of common andrographis herb, 6 parts of Chinese violet, 10 parts of barbed skullcap herb, 6 parts of fructus forsythiae, 13 parts of rhodiola rosea and 6 parts of plantain herb, crushing the mixture, putting the crushed mixture into a container, adding 90 parts of water by weight, soaking the mixture for 18min, heating and decocting the mixture until the water content is 18% to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract, the growth fertilizer is sprayed on the root, the additionally applied growth fertilizer mainly comprises high-potassium and phosphorus type fertilizers, the growth fertilizer can promote the development of reproductive organs of konjak and the aggregation of nutrient substances on the root, the yield of konjak can be improved, the rotation period of konjak planting can be prolonged by reasonable fertilization, and the low yield caused by continuous cropping obstacles of the konjak, poor quality;
and (c) harvesting: and (4) after the konjak seedlings are poured, harvesting according to a conventional mode.
In the planting method of the embodiment 2, the walnuts have a shading effect on the konjac, and the walnuts have a prevention and treatment effect on certain plant diseases and insect pests, so that the growth of the konjac is facilitated, the occurrence rate of root rot is reduced, and continuous cropping planting of the konjac can be realized; meanwhile, idle soil under the forest can be effectively utilized by konjak planting, waste is changed into valuable, income of farmers is increased, the konjak planting process is equivalent to management and protection work such as weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like on walnut trees, high yield and income increase of the walnut trees and the konjak can be promoted, and compared with the existing method for interplanting konjak under the forest, the yield of the konjak can be increased by 10.86%, and the yield of walnuts can be increased by 16.94%.
Example 3:
the method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
selecting a walnut forest with a gradient of below 20 degrees and a shading rate of 75 percent as a planting field, wherein the planting field is preferably sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matters;
land preparation: after the walnuts are harvested, removing weeds, deadwood, stones and other impurities under the walnuts, deeply turning over the land by more than 25cm before the walnuts enter the winter, turning over fallen leaves under the walnuts into the soil, after one month of the sun-drying, scattering 200kg of biochar, 120kg of mushroom bran and 30kg of sulfur per mu of the planting land, then spraying 100kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 3% per mu, then shallowly turning over the planting land by 15cm, leveling and raking the soil, deeply turning over the soil, mixing the turned-up soil with biochar, mushroom bran and sulfur, wherein the biochar and the mushroom bran have porosity, the soil is loose and porous, the water and the moisture can be conveniently preserved, the added sulfur and the sodium hypochlorite can also sterilize and disinfect the soil, meanwhile, the sulfur and the sodium hypochlorite can also maintain weak acidity of the soil, the growth of konjac is facilitated, furrowing is carried out on the planting land between walnuts, the soil moisture is managed, the width of the soil moisture surface is 1.2m, and the, the width of the dead furrow is 40 cm;
processing the taro seeds: selecting konjak bulblets with full eyes, shallow buds, full bulbs, no breakage, no mildew and rot, and no diseases and insect pests as taros, placing the taros in the sun for 15 hours, placing the taros in seed soaking liquid for soaking for 50min, forbidding stirring the taros during seed soaking, and preventing the taros from peeling off, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.2 part of cassia seed polysaccharide, 0.5 part of auricularia polysaccharide, 0.5 part of allicin, 6 parts of chicory extract, 6 parts of fleabane extract and 60 parts of water, wherein the preparation method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: crushing chicory roots, adding water which is 10 times of the weight of the chicory roots, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 40min, filtering to obtain filter residues and a first filtrate, then adding water which is 8 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 40min, filtering to obtain a second filtrate, combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate, uniformly mixing, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.2 to obtain the chicory extract, wherein the preparation method of the sweet wormwood herb extract comprises the following steps: the sweet wormwood is cut and subjected to circulating countercurrent extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide, the sweet wormwood is extracted for 3 hours under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 30Mpa and the extraction temperature is 60 ℃, sweet wormwood extract is obtained after extraction, seed soaking liquid can effectively kill germs and viruses carried in the sweet wormwood, the biological enzyme activity of the sweet wormwood is enhanced, the cell metabolism capability of the sweet wormwood is effectively promoted, sprouting and sprouting of new buds are promoted, the emergence of seedlings is fast, the rooting is promoted, the splitting differentiation and proliferation of a root system are effectively promoted, the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients are enhanced, the sweet wormwood seedlings are robust, the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased, the early germination of stem leaves is promoted, the formula of the seed soaking liquid is scientific and reasonable, the problem of pesticide residues caused by using pesticides is avoided, the damage of the pesticide to the sweet wormwood is avoided, the safety of drug treatment is guaranteed, and the seed soaking liquid is easy to decompose and free of residues;
seeding: in the middle ten days from February to March, firstly digging two planting ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 20cm on the surface of the soil, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is 30cm, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 5cm in the planting ditches, spraying 5% of red sugar water on the farmyard manure mixture, wherein the weight of the red sugar water is 60kg per mu, the farmyard manure mixture is prepared by mixing thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1:3, then adding plant ash accounting for 0.5 times of the mass of the sheep manure, stirring uniformly, then adding human manure and biogas slurry accounting for 3 times of the mass of the sheep manure, placing at the temperature of 60 ℃ for fermentation for 4 months, then mixing the mixture obtained by fermentation, compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.3:0.1 to obtain the farmyard manure mixture, and sowing the mixture and the red sugar water in the planting ditches before the sowing, on one hand, the activity of a planting field can be effectively improved, the soil is fertilized, rich organic matters are provided for the growth of the taro seeds, the nutrition metabolism capability of the taro seeds is enhanced, on the other hand, the looseness and the air permeability of the soil can be kept, the soil hardening is avoided, a loose and fertile growth environment is provided for the growth of the taro seeds, then the taro seeds processed in the step three are planted in a planting ditch according to the plant spacing of 25cm, finally, the planting ditch is covered with shallow soil, the thickness of the covering soil is 6cm, after the covering soil is finished, the roots of the taro seeds are irrigated for 1 time by trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with the dilution multiple of 2500 times, and then crop straws or dead branches and fallen leaves in forests are covered;
management of walnut trees: when walnut trees sprout, 1000mL of nutrient solution is delivered to each walnut tree, and the nutrient solution delivery method comprises the following steps: drilling a small hole in the trunk of the walnut tree, enabling the hole to penetrate into the xylem of the walnut tree, filling nutrient solution into an infusion bag, inserting a needle head at the lower end of the infusion bag into the small hole, sealing a gap between the needle head and the small hole by paraffin, then hanging the infusion bag to a high place with 200cm above the small hole, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: after the walnut tree is injected with the nutrient solution, the maturation time of the female flowers and the male flowers can be effectively adjusted, so that the maturation time of the female flowers and the maturation time of the male flowers can be kept consistent, the pollination rate of the walnut flowers is improved, and the fruit setting rate of walnuts is further improved;
sixthly, management in forest:
a: intertillage weeding: before the emergence of seedlings of taros, if the weeds in the planting field are more, the herbicide can be sprayed to seal the weeds in the soil to grow, intertillage weeding is carried out as required in the growing season and after lodging, and the heel weeding is carried out according to the conventional mode,
b: and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering according to the weather condition, timely draining ditches to remove stains when rainstorm occurs, and topdressing a seedling-lifting fertilizer for 1 time after taro seedlings are aligned, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: uniformly mixing 100 parts of pig manure, 100 parts of sheep manure and 5 parts of EM bacterial liquid, stacking and fermenting, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60% during the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃, the stack is turned and piled for 1 time every 20 days, and the humus is obtained after fermenting for 5 months to a decomposing state; when the seedling raising fertilizer is applied, the seedling raising fertilizer is firstly placed around the roots of taro seedlings, then a layer of fine soil is covered on the seedling raising fertilizer, 100kg of the seedling raising fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode per mu, the topdressing seedling raising fertilizer can effectively promote the rooting and leaf spreading of the taro seeds of the konjac, is beneficial to the rapid growth of the konjac, promotes the photosynthesis of the konjac and the storage of nutrient substances, the growth fertilizer is applied for 3 times in a vigorous growth period, and the growth fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the growth fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of compound fertilizer, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of biogas slurry generated by human excrement, 2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 200 parts of water, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by mixing 10 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 15 parts of common andrographis herb, 8 parts of Chinese violet, 15 parts of barbed skullcap herb, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae, 15 parts of rhodiola rosea and 7 parts of plantain herb by weight, crushing the mixture, putting the crushed mixture into a container, adding 100 parts of water by weight, soaking the mixture for 20min, heating and decocting the mixture until the water content is 20% to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract, the growth fertilizer is sprayed on the root, the additionally applied growth fertilizer mainly comprises high-potassium and phosphorus type fertilizers, the growth fertilizer can promote the development of reproductive organs of konjak and the aggregation of nutrient substances on the root, the yield of konjak can be improved, the rotation period of konjak planting can be prolonged by reasonable fertilization, and the yield caused by continuous cropping obstacles of konjak, poor quality;
and (c) harvesting: and (4) after the konjak seedlings are poured, harvesting according to a conventional mode.
In the planting method of the embodiment 3, the walnuts have a shading effect on the konjac, and the walnuts have a prevention and treatment effect on certain plant diseases and insect pests, so that the growth of the konjac is facilitated, the occurrence rate of root rot is reduced, and continuous cropping planting of the konjac can be realized; meanwhile, idle soil under the forest can be effectively utilized by konjak planting, waste is changed into valuable, income of farmers is increased, the konjak planting process is equivalent to management and protection work such as weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like on walnut trees, high yield and income increase of the walnut trees and the konjak can be promoted, and compared with the existing method for interplanting konjak under the forest, the yield of the konjak can be increased by 10.35%, and the yield of walnuts can be increased by 16.45%.
Claims (7)
1. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting a field, namely selecting a walnut forest with a slope of below 20 degrees and a shading rate of 40-75% as a planting field;
land preparation: after the walnuts are harvested, removing weeds, dead branches, stones and other impurities under the walnuts, deeply ploughing the soil by more than 25cm before winter, ploughing fallen leaves under the walnuts into the soil, after one month of ploughing, scattering 150-200 kg of biochar, 80-120 kg of mushroom bran and 20-30 kg of sulfur per mu of planting land, spraying 80-100 kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 2-3% per mu of planting land, then shallowly ploughing the planting land by 10-15 cm, leveling and raking finely, ditching and managing soil moisture in the planting land among the walnuts, wherein the width of the soil moisture surface is 1-1.2 m, the height is 20-30 cm, and the width of a soil moisture ditch is 30-40 cm;
processing the taro seeds: selecting konjak bulblets with full eyes, shallow buds, full bulbs, no breakage, no mildew and rot, and no diseases and insect pests as taros, placing the taros in sunlight for 10-15 h, placing the taros in seed soaking liquid for soaking for 30-50 min, forbidding stirring of the taros during seed soaking, and preventing the taros from peeling off the skins, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of cassia seed polysaccharide, 0.3-0.5 part of auricularia auricula polysaccharide, 0.2-0.5 part of allicin, 4-6 parts of chicory extract, 4-6 parts of fleabane extract and 50-60 parts of water;
seeding: during the period from the last ten days of February to the middle ten days of March, firstly digging two planting furrows with the width of 20-30 cm and the depth of 15-20 cm on the moisture surface, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting furrows is 20-30 cm, then spreading a layer of farmyard manure mixture with the thickness of 3-5 cm in the planting furrows, spraying red sugar water with the mass concentration of 3-5% on the farmyard manure mixture, spraying 50-60 kg of red sugar water per mu, then planting taro seeds treated in the planting furrows according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm, finally covering the planting furrows with shallow soil, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 5-6 cm, irrigating the roots with trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum with the dilution factor of 2000-2500 times after finishing covering the soil, and then covering the crop straws or dead branches and fallen leaves between the forests on the moisture surface;
management of walnut trees: when walnut trees sprout, 800-1000 mL of nutrient solution is delivered to each walnut tree, and the method for delivering the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: drilling a small hole in the trunk of the walnut tree, enabling the hole to penetrate into the xylem of the walnut tree, filling nutrient solution into an infusion bag, inserting a needle head at the lower end of the infusion bag into the small hole, sealing a gap between the needle head and the small hole by paraffin, then hanging the infusion bag to a high place with 200cm above the small hole, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of protein, 1-1.5 parts of lignin, 0.5-1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1 part of potassium nitrate and 100-150 parts of glucose water;
sixthly, management in forest:
a: intertillage weeding: before the emergence of seedlings of taros, if the weeds in the planting field are more, the herbicides can be sprayed to seal the weeds in the soil to grow, and intertillage weeding is carried out as required in the growing season and after lodging;
b: and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering according to the weather condition, timely draining ditches and removing stains when rainstorm occurs, topdressing a seedling-lifting fertilizer for 1 time after the seedlings of the taros are aligned, topdressing a growth fertilizer for 2-3 times in a vigorous growth period, and topdressing the growth fertilizer for 1 time every 7-10 days;
and (c) harvesting: and (4) after the konjak seedlings are poured, harvesting according to a conventional mode.
2. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (c), the chicory extract is prepared by the following steps: grinding chicory root, adding water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the chicory root into the chicory root, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 30-40 min, filtering to obtain filter residue and first filtrate, then adding water which is 5-8 times of the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 30-40 min, filtering to obtain second filtrate, combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate, uniformly mixing, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1-1.2 to obtain the chicory extract.
3. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the third step, the preparation method of the fleabane extract comprises the following steps: the fleabane is cut into pieces, and subjected to circulating countercurrent extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide, the fleabane is extracted for 2-3 hours under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 28-30 Mpa and the extraction temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the fleabane extract is obtained after the extraction.
4. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees is characterized in that in the step (IV), the farmyard manure mixture is obtained by mixing thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, adding plant ash accounting for 0.2-0.5 times of the mass of the sheep manure, uniformly stirring, adding human excrement and urine biogas slurry accounting for 3 times of the mass of the sheep manure, fermenting at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 3-4 months, and mixing the mixture obtained by fermentation, a compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 0.2-0.3: 0.1.
5. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step b of the step (c), the seedling-raising fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: uniformly mixing 50-100 parts of pig manure, 50-100 parts of sheep manure and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial liquid, stacking and fermenting, wherein the water content is controlled to be 50-60% during the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, the stack is turned for 1 time every 15-20 days, and the humus is obtained after fermenting for 4-5 months and achieving the decomposing state; when the seedling raising fertilizer is applied, the seedling raising fertilizer is firstly placed around the roots of the taro seedlings, a layer of fine soil is covered on the seedling raising fertilizer, and 50-100 kg of the seedling raising fertilizer is applied in each mu.
6. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step b of the step (c), the growth fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of biogas slurry generated by human excrement, 1-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 150-200 parts of water, wherein the growth fertilizer is sprayed on the roots.
7. The method for interplanting konjak under walnut trees according to claim 6 is characterized in that the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution is prepared by mixing 5-10 parts by weight of radix stemonae, 3-8 parts by weight of radix astragali, 10-15 parts by weight of herba andrographitis, 4-8 parts by weight of herba violae, 5-15 parts by weight of herba scutellariae barbatae, 3-10 parts by weight of fructus forsythiae, 10-15 parts by weight of rhodiola rosea and 4-7 parts by weight of plantain herb, crushing, putting into a container, adding 80-100 parts by weight of water, soaking for 15-20 min, and heating and decocting until the water content is 15-20%.
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| CN109076910A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of konjaku high yield cultivating method covering mulch |
| CN110352820A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-22 | 云南广汇种植有限公司 | A kind of drought-enduring implantation methods of Potato in High Altitude Areas |
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| CN113575239A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-02 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Method for preventing and controlling major diseases and pests of macadamia nut in interplanting mode |
| CN113678704A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-23 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Konjak planting method |
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