CN108718885B - High-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions, which comprises the steps of deeply flattening sandy loam with the underground water level lower than 1.5m and the pH value of 6-7.5; selecting drumstick tree seeds which are removed of impurities and shriveled, disinfecting, soaking in warm water, accelerating germination, transferring into a nutrition bag, shading, growing seedlings to 5-6 leaves, and removing a covering; when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, covering with soil, planting and watering enough root fixing water; applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to each plant of 1-2 kg and 0.1-0.2 kg in the growth period of each year, spraying leaf fertilizer for 1-2 times in the month before tender shoots sprout and applying fruit fertilizer to each plant of 0.1-0.2 kg in the month of 4-5; after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm, 1/2 tender tips are picked every 20-40 days; cutting 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 days and harvesting leaves; and after the fruit peels are dried and harvested, removing the fruit peels, and airing or drying. The invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient management, high survival rate, high quality and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of economic forest planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions, which is simple and convenient to manage, high in survival rate, high in fertilizer utilization rate and high in quality and yield.
Background
Drumstick tree (Drumstick tree) belongs to perennial tropical deciduous trees of Drumstick tree family, and is widely planted in Asia, Africa tropical and subtropical regions in China. Only 1 genus exists in this family, and there are about 14 varieties in the whole world. Three of the more common are the Indian traditional drumstick tree (Moringa oleeiera), the African drumstick tree (Moringastenopetala) and the modified drumstick tree (PKM 1 and PKM 2).
Each tissue part of drumstick tree is rich in multiple vitamins and mineral elements, and has good functions of improving various nutrients and dietotherapy health care. The drumstick tree contains more than thirty kinds of nutrient substances which are necessary for human bodies, and eight kinds of nutrient substances are amino acids which cannot be artificially synthesized at present.
The drumstick tree has high nutritive value and great medicinal value. The drumstick tree can be used for treating various diseases such as pain, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, cancer and the like. Therefore, drumstick tree is known as "strange tree". Drumstick tree has antiulcer and anti-freezing activity, flower juice can be used for treating ulcer and mucositis, and flower juice extract can be used as eye medicine; the leaves, fruits and roots of drumstick tree contain functional components such as niazimin A, 2-nitrile glucoside and 3-mustard glucoside which are helpful for reducing blood pressure and cholesterol, and drumstick tree leaf juice has the effects of stabilizing blood pressure and treating melancholy, can control the glucose level of a diabetic patient and can also prevent complications of diabetes. The bark extract of drumstick tree has bidirectional regulating effect on heart contraction rate, and can increase heart contraction rate at low concentration, and decrease heart contraction rate at high concentration, and also has effect of lowering blood pressure. The drumstick resin can be added with sesame oil to effectively treat headache. The resin can also be used for treating fever, asthma and rheumatism, and can also be used for treating skin redness and stopping bleeding. Drumstick tree contains a large amount of minerals and vitamins required by human body, and also contains all essential nutrient elements for animal growth, such as protein, amino acid and the like. Thus, drumstick trees can also be used as animal feed. The animal feed containing drumstick trees can promote the growth of animals, and the drumstick trees used as the feed have the other important advantage of high yield, have obvious advantages compared with other feeds planted, fully utilize the nutritive value and the advantages of the drumstick trees, and have wide application prospect in developing healthy functional feeds. Industrial application: the drumstick tree seed oil contains a large amount of monounsaturated fatty acid accounting for 76%, so the drumstick tree seed oil is very stable and is not easy to decay, and can be used as a lubricant for lubricating various machines in industrial production. In the food industry, drumstick tree oil can be used as a non-toxic food-grade safe lubricating oil. In the leather industry, the drumstick tree oil has the effect equivalent to whale oil, and can replace whale oil to soften leather. The drumstick tree oil also has the fragrance keeping property, and is widely applied to the industrial production of perfume, lipstick, shampoo and the like.
At present, the planting technology of drumstick trees is widely researched, and not only tropical trees can be planted, but also subtropical regions and temperate regions are gradually expanded along with the development of greenhouse technology. However, the current cultivation usually only focuses on seedling raising or later-stage management, and the adopted technology is usually started from water, fertilizer, pruning and the like to improve the yield of drumstick trees, so that although the seedling raising survival rate is high, the later-stage management technology is limited, the yield is low, and the quality is poor; in the later period, the yield is improved by starting from management technical means such as water, fertilizer, pruning and the like, but the quality of harvested drumstick trees is difficult to be considered, even the fertilizer is not absorbed, the problems of high fertilizer application amount, high planting cost and soil hardening are caused, and the yield and direct connection in the middle and later periods of drumstick trees are seriously influenced. The method also adopts the combination of seedling raising, transferring and later period management to improve the survival rate and the high yield, but also has the problems of high planting cost and soil hardening caused by the need of adopting greenhouse heat preservation and overhigh fertilizer application amount.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention aims to provide a high-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions, which is simple and convenient to manage, high in survival rate, high in fertilizer utilization rate and high in quality and yield.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the method comprises the steps of garden plot arrangement, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. garden preparation: selecting sandy loam in tropical or subtropical monsoon climate, with underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, soil pH value of 6-7.5 and organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling;
B. seedling culture: selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrunken particles, disinfecting the drumstick tree seeds before sowing, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in sterilized warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 7-10 hours, then transplanting the drumstick tree seeds into nutrient soil of a nutrient bag after accelerating germination of the drumstick tree seeds and just unfolding of blades, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wet, then covering a seedbed with thin-layer straws and/or shading nets for shading, removing the covered straws and/or shading nets after seedlings grow to 5-6 blades, and keeping the seedbed soil moist;
C. transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out film-covered field planting with soil according to the plant-row spacing of 0.9 +/-0.1 multiplied by 1.8 +/-0.2 m by adopting a ridge planting mode, and watering sufficient root fixing water after the field planting;
D. field management: applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to 1-2 kg/plant and 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 1-2 months per year in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying foliar fertilizer 1-2 times per month after tender and slight germination every year and before harvesting every month, applying fruit fertilizer according to 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 4-5 months per year, irrigating or dripping in dry seasons, draining water and draining waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree shapes;
E. harvesting: after the height of the drumstick tree is larger than 80cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
According to the growth characteristics of drumstick trees, the method is standardized from the aspects of planting environment, seedling raising, transplanting, planting density, water and fertilizer management and the like so as to improve the survival rate of drumstick tree planting, and systematically establishes a technical method suitable for artificial planting of drumstick trees by taking tender tips, leaves and drumstick tree seed yield and quality as targets. Particularly, seedlings are transplanted and planted on a mulching film which is covered with soil and plays a role in soil moisture, and the problems of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, flooding of fleshy roots, easy root rot and heat preservation in planting in non-tropical areas are solved fundamentally through the dual functions of the soil moisture and the mulching film, so that the growth conditions of drumstick trees are improved, the drumstick trees are vigorous and prolonged for a long time, the fresh leaf harvest amount is increased, and the problem of great economic loss caused by high root rot and seedling death rate in the young forest transplanting period of the current year in the prior art is solved. In the growth period of drumstick trees, the decomposition effect of organic fertilizer is enhanced through the ground surface covering of the mulching film, so that the content of organic matters in soil is increased, the organic matters in the planted soil are obviously increased, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer by each organ of the drumstick trees are obviously promoted, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the content of residual nitrogen in the soil is reduced, the nitrogen loss and the land hardening are reduced, and meanwhile, the yield and the quality of tender tips, leaves and drumstick tree seeds of the drumstick trees can be obviously improved; in addition, through the film mulching and planting, the characteristic that the film mulching can effectively reduce rainwater infiltration into soil in rainy seasons is very beneficial to the growth of drumstick trees, the occurrence of root and stem base diseases can be reduced and the growth of weeds can be inhibited due to the reduction of the soil humidity, and particularly the severity of the diseases can be reduced and the loss can be reduced in subtropical monsoon climate areas; the covering reduces the occurrence of diseases and improves the effective number of plants for planting yield. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient management, high survival rate, high fertilizer utilization rate, high quality and high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layers of drumstick trees;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of soil moisture content of 20-40 soil layers of drumstick trees;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the temperature change of soil at 20cm of drumstick tree;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the temperature change of soil at 40cm from the drumstick tree;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the yield of fresh leaves under different coverage measures of drumstick tree.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teaching of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
The method comprises the steps of garden plot arrangement, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. garden preparation: selecting sandy loam in tropical or subtropical monsoon climate, with underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, soil pH value of 6-7.5 and organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling;
B. seedling culture: selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrunken particles, disinfecting the drumstick tree seeds before sowing, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in sterilized warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 7-10 hours, then transplanting the drumstick tree seeds into nutrient soil of a nutrient bag after accelerating germination of the drumstick tree seeds and just unfolding of blades, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wet, then covering a seedbed with thin-layer straws and/or shading nets for shading, removing the covered straws and/or shading nets after seedlings grow to 5-6 blades, and keeping the seedbed soil moist;
C. transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out film-covered field planting with soil according to the plant-row spacing of 0.9 +/-0.1 multiplied by 1.8 +/-0.2 m by adopting a ridge planting mode, and watering sufficient root fixing water after the field planting;
D. field management: applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to 1-2 kg/plant and 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 1-2 months per year in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying foliar fertilizer 1-2 times per month after tender and slight germination every year and before harvesting every month, applying fruit fertilizer according to 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 4-5 months per year, irrigating or dripping in dry seasons, draining water and draining waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree shapes;
E. harvesting: after the height of the drumstick tree is larger than 80cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
And B, deeply ploughing in the step A to a depth of not less than 40cm, leveling and finely crushing the leveled soil without root stubbles, excavating strip ditches with a width of 40cm and a depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick tree seedlings according to the planting row spacing, fertilizing in the strip ditches according to 10kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of each plant, and covering soil with a height of at least 15cm and a width of 1.2m, wherein the soil moisture distance is 60 cm.
And B, digging shallow groove mulch films along two sides of the soil moisture in the step A, putting edges of the mulch films into the grooves, covering soil, compacting and sealing tightly without bulge and damage.
And B, in the step B, before sowing, the drumstick tree seeds are turned over and harrowed under sunlight for 2-4 hours or irradiated by ultraviolet sterilization for 0.5-1 hour, soaked for 20-30 minutes by 100-300 times of formalin solution, soaked for 20-30 minutes by 2% of sodium hydroxide solution, and soaked for 1-2 hours by 50% of 500 times of carbendazim.
B, accelerating germination in the step B, namely wrapping the soaked drumstick tree seeds with wet gauze, rinsing the drumstick tree seeds with warm water for 1 time every day at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and uncovering the wet gauze for 1 time at intervals of 4-6 hours; or burying the soaked drumstick tree seeds in clean and wet sawdust or/and fine river sand for 1-2 cm, and then covering with a film.
The nutrient soil in the step B is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: organic fertilizer: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25:5 parts by weight.
And C, before field planting, cutting an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm on the mulching film, digging a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm through the opening, removing the bag of the nutrition bag seedling, placing the nutrition bag seedling in the planting hole, returning soil for planting, sealing the opening of the mulching film with soil, and watering enough root fixing water after transplanting and field planting.
And C, using white mulching films, light blue mulching films, light red mulching films or black mulching films as mulching films.
D, checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; in the step D, foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate, foliar fertilizer for vegetables or microbial fertilizer, and fruit fertilizer is potassium-calcium fertilizer; the organic fertilizer in the step A, the step B and/or the step D is one or the combination of any one of fermented pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and green manure.
And D, when phalaris arundinacea 2-6 leaf stages in the weeds after the drumstick tree is fixedly planted, adding water into the pinoxaden + florasulam dispersible oil suspending agent or fluroxypyr dispersible oil suspending agent and 30-40 kg/mu according to 80-100 ml/mu, and uniformly spraying stem leaves for weeding.
The concentration of the florasulam dispersible oil suspending agent is 5%, and the concentration of the fluroxypyr dispersible oil suspending agent is 15%.
Example 1
Selecting the plots of the Luxi county Chinese silvergrass in the Jing nationality of the Dai nationality of the German and Honghou province, with the altitude of 1000-1250 m, the east longitude of 98 degrees 01 '-98 degrees 44', and the north latitude of 24 degrees 05 '-24 degrees 39'. The specific cultivation steps are as follows:
1. selecting sandy loam with the underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, the soil pH value of 6-7.5 and the organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling, the ploughing depth is 40cm, leveling and finely crushing the leveled soil without root stubbles, excavating a strip ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick tree seedlings according to the row spacing of the planted plants, fertilizing in the strip ditch according to 10kg of fermented cow dung and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of each plant, covering soil with the height of 15cm and the width of 1.2m, the soil with the soil moisture distance of 60cm, finally excavating shallow groove covering films along the two sides of the soil moisture, placing the edges of the mulching films into grooves, covering soil, compacting and sealing without uplift and damage.
2. Selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrivelled grains, turning over and harrowing the drumstick tree seeds under sunlight for insolation for 2-4 h before sowing, then soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 45 ℃ sterilized warm water for 7h, then wrapping the soaked drumstick tree seeds with wet gauze, rinsing the drumstick tree seeds with warm water for 1 time every day at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and uncovering the wet gauze for 1 time at intervals of 4-6 h; planting into a nutrition bag for soil cleaning when the leaves are just unfolded: fermented cow dung: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25:5, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wetted, covering the seedbed with thin straw for shading, removing the covered straw after the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, and keeping the seedbed soil moist.
3. When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out field planting with soil covering white mulching films according to the plant-row spacing of 0.9 multiplied by 1.8m in a ridge planting mode; an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm is cut on the white mulching film before field planting, a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm is dug through the opening, then the nutrition bag seedlings are placed in the planting hole after being bagged, soil is returned for planting, finally the opening of the white mulching film is sealed by soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the transplanting and field planting.
4. Applying fermented cow dung and a compound fertilizer according to 2 kg/plant in 1 month every year in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying 0.5% monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer 1-2 times every month after tender and slightly germinated every year and before harvesting, applying fruit fertilizer mainly containing potassium-calcium fertilizer according to 0.1 kg/plant in 4 months every year, irrigating or drippingly regularly in dry seasons, draining water and waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree forms; checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; when phalaris arundinacea is planted in the weeds of drumstick trees at the 2-6 leaf stage, 5% pinoxaden and florasulam dispersible oil suspending agent and 40 kg/mu of water are added according to 80-100 ml/mu, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed to weed.
5. After the height of the drumstick tree is greater than 80cm and the major diameter is greater than 2cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
Example 2
Selecting land blocks in Bingchuan counties of Dali City, Yunnan province, wherein the north latitude is 25-26 degrees 12 ', the east longitude is 100-100 degrees 16-100 degrees 59', the average annual temperature is 17.9 ℃, the annual frost period is 100-120 d, the annual average sunshine duration is 2719.4h, the annual total solar radiation is 124.895-155.022 kilocalories/square meter, and the annual average rainfall is 559.4 mm. The specific cultivation steps are as follows:
1. selecting sandy loam with the underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, the soil pH value of 6-7.5 and the organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling, the ploughed depth is 50cm, leveling and finely crushing the leveled soil without root stubbles, excavating a strip ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick tree seedlings according to the row spacing of the planted plants, fertilizing in the strip ditch according to 10kg and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of a mixture of fermented pig manure and cow manure of each plant, covering soil with the height of 20cm and the width of 1.2m, the soil with the soil distance of 60cm, finally digging shallow grooves along the two sides of the soil, covering films, placing the edges of the mulching films into the grooves, covering the soil, compacting and sealing the soil without ridge and damage.
2. Selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrivelled grains, sterilizing and irradiating the drumstick tree seeds for 0.5-1 h by ultraviolet rays before sowing, then soaking the drumstick tree seeds in sterilized warm water at 35 ℃ for 10h, then embedding the soaked drumstick tree seeds in a mixture of clean and moist sawdust and fine river sand for 1-2 cm, and then covering the mixture with a film; planting into a nutrition bag for soil cleaning when the leaves are just unfolded: fermented pig manure and cow manure mixture: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25:5, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wetted, covering the seedbed with a shading net for shading, and removing the covered shading net after the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves to keep the seedbed soil moist.
3. When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out field planting with a soil-covered black mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 1 multiplied by 1.6m in a ridge planting mode; an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm is cut on the black mulching film before field planting, a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm is dug through the opening, then the nutrition bag seedlings are placed in the planting hole after being bagged, soil returns to plant the seedlings, finally the opening of the black mulching film is sealed by soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the seedling is transplanted and field planted.
4. Applying a fermented pig manure and cow manure mixture and a compound fertilizer according to 1 kg/plant and 0.1 kg/plant every 2 months in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying a leaf fertilizer for vegetables 1-2 times every month after young shoots germinate every year and before harvesting, applying a fruit fertilizer mainly containing a potassium-calcium fertilizer according to 0.2 kg/plant every 5 months, irrigating or drippingly regularly in dry seasons, draining water and draining waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree forms; checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; when phalaris arundinacea is planted in the weeds of drumstick trees at the 2-6 leaf stage, the 15% fluroxypyr dispersible oil suspending agent is mixed with water according to the ratio of 80-100 ml/mu and 30 kg/mu, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed to weed.
5. After the height of the drumstick tree is greater than 80cm and the major diameter is greater than 2cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
Example 3
Selecting land blocks in Menghan town of Dai autonomous city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, wherein the east longitude is 100 degrees 52 '-101 degrees 10', the north latitude is 21 degrees 41 '-21 degrees 57', the average annual temperature is 21.8 ℃, the average annual rainfall is 1067.9mm, and the average annual sunshine is 1800.2 h. The specific cultivation steps are as follows:
1. selecting sandy loam with the underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, the soil pH value of 6-7.5 and the organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling, the ploughed depth being 45cm, leveling and finely crushing the leveled soil without root stubbles, then excavating a strip ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick tree seedlings according to the row spacing of the planted plants, fertilizing in the strip ditch according to 10kg and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of a mixture of fermented sheep manure and chicken manure of each plant, then covering soil with the height of 17cm and the width of 1.2m, the soil moisture distance being 60cm, finally digging shallow grooves along the two sides of the soil moisture and covering films, placing the edges of the mulching films into the grooves for covering and compacting and sealing without uplift and damage.
2. Selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrunken grains, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 100-300 times of formalin solution for 20-30 min before sowing, then soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 40 ℃ sterilized warm water for 8h, then burying the soaked drumstick tree seeds in clean and moist fine river sand for 1-2 cm, and then covering the drumstick tree seeds with a film; planting into a nutrition bag for soil cleaning when the leaves are just unfolded: fermented sheep manure and chicken manure mixture: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25:5, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wetted, covering the seedbed with a shading net for shading, and removing the covered shading net after the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves to keep the seedbed soil moist.
3. When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out field planting with a soil-covered white mulching film according to the row spacing of 0.8 multiplied by 2m in a ridge planting mode; an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm is cut on the white mulching film before field planting, a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm is dug through the opening, then the nutrition bag seedlings are placed in the planting hole after being bagged, soil is returned for planting, finally the opening of the white mulching film is sealed by soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the transplanting and field planting.
4. Applying a fermented sheep manure and chicken manure mixture and a compound fertilizer according to 1.5 kg/plant and 0.2 kg/plant in 2 months per year in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying a microbial foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month after young sprouts to the stage before harvesting every year, applying a fruit fertilizer mainly containing a potassium-calcium fertilizer according to 0.15 kg/plant in 4 months per year, irrigating or drip irrigating regularly in dry seasons, draining water and draining waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree forms; checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; when phalaris arundinacea is planted in the weeds of drumstick trees at the 2-6 leaf stage, the 15% fluroxypyr dispersible oil suspending agent is mixed with water according to the ratio of 80-100 ml/mu and 35 kg/mu, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed to weed.
5. After the height of the drumstick tree is greater than 80cm and the major diameter is greater than 2cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
Example 4
Selecting plots in Yuancao county of Yi nationality of Chuxiong province, 101-102-06% of east longitude, 25-26-06% of north latitude, 21.9 ℃ of average annual air temperature, 2670.4h of annual sunshine hours and 613.8mm of average annual rainfall. The specific cultivation steps are as follows:
1. selecting sandy loam with the underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, the soil pH value of 6-7.5 and the organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling, wherein the deep ploughing depth is at least 40cm, the leveled soil is required to be leveled and finely crushed without roots, then excavating a strip ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick tree seedlings according to the row spacing of the planted plants, fertilizing in the strip ditch according to 10kg of fermented mixture of chicken manure and green manure and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, then covering soil with the height of 20cm and the width of 1.2m, the soil moisture distance is 60cm, finally digging and covering films along shallow grooves at the two sides of the soil moisture, placing the edges of the mulching films into the grooves for covering and compacting and sealing without uplift and damage.
2. Selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrunken grains, soaking the drumstick tree seeds for 1-2 h by 50% of 500-time carbendazim before sowing, then soaking the drumstick tree seeds for 7h by using sterilized warm water at 40 ℃, then burying the soaked drumstick tree seeds in clean and moist fine river sand for 1-2 cm, and then covering the drumstick tree seeds with a film; planting into a nutrition bag for soil cleaning when the leaves are just unfolded: fermented chicken manure and green manure mixture: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25:5, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wetted, covering the seedbed with a shading net for shading, and removing the covered shading net after the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves to keep the seedbed soil moist.
3. When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out permanent planting with soil covering light red mulching films according to the row spacing of 0.8 multiplied by 2m in a ridge planting mode; before planting, an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm is cut on the light red mulching film, a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm is dug through the opening, then the nutrition bag seedling is placed in the planting hole after being bagged, soil is returned for planting, finally the opening of the light red mulching film is sealed by soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the transplanting and planting.
4. Applying 1.3kg of fermented chicken manure and green manure mixture per plant and 0.15kg of compound fertilizer per plant every 1 month in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying 0.5% monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer 1-2 times per month after young shoots sprout every year and before harvest every month, applying fruit fertilizer mainly containing potassium-calcium fertilizer per plant every 5 months, irrigating or drip irrigating regularly in dry season, draining water and waterlogging in rainy season, removing weeds and trimming tree forms; checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; when phalaris arundinacea is planted in the weeds of drumstick trees at the 2-6 leaf stage, 5% pinoxaden and florasulam dispersible oil suspending agent and 33 kg/mu of water are added according to 80-100 ml/mu, and stem leaves are used for uniformly spraying and weeding.
5. After the height of the drumstick tree is greater than 80cm and the major diameter is greater than 2cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
Comparative example 1
The conditions of land parcel and garden arrangement, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting are also carried out as in example 3, the white mulching film (T2) in example 3 is replaced by straw covering (T3), the covering is required to be 20cm away from the root of the drumstick tree, and the white mulching film is spread evenly; the white mulching film (T2) was changed to clear tillage (CK), and the black mulching film (T1) of example 2 was used as a control.
1. Difference in soil moisture content
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the difference of the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm of drumstick trees under different covering measures is reflected, the maximum water content of soil in the soil layer is T3 & gt T1 & gt CK & gt T2, and the maximum water content of soil in the soil layer of 20-40 cm is CK & gt T3 & gt T1 & gt T2. The reason is that under the influence of local continuous rainfall, the rainwater infiltration capacity is large, the soil evaporation is large due to high temperature, and the soil is also in a period of vigorous growth of drumstick trees, so that the water content of 0-20 cm soil changes violently, the highest water content shows difference, the soil layers of 20-40 cm are slightly influenced by the temperature, the evaporation is relatively slow and mainly influenced by the rainwater infiltration capacity, the soil moisture under the two types of mulching films is low, and the reason is that the mulching films can prevent rainwater from directly infiltrating into the soil. The soil moisture content of 0-20 soil layers gradually decreases from 9 months to 4 months in the next year, the rainfall is reduced, the temperature is high and the evaporation is fast, particularly from 12 months to 4 months in the next year, the local drought season greatly reduces the rainfall, the soil moisture cannot be effectively supplemented, the moisture content is continuously reduced, the covering can reduce the soil moisture loss at the moment, the water retention effect is achieved, the moisture content of T1 and T2 is 1.81-5.39% higher than that of CK soil, and the moisture content of T1 is 0.40-1.03% higher than that of T2 soil. The soil moisture increase is shown under different covering measures, and the overall difference is not obvious. The general trend of the water content of soil in the soil layer of 20-40 cm is similar to that of 0-20 cm, but the soil moisture of the two types of mulching films (T1 and T2) is greatly different from that of the soil subjected to grass mulching (T3) and clear tillage (CK), and therefore the effect of preserving the soil moisture by the mulching films is obvious. The soil moisture content is represented as T1 > T2 > T3 > CK from 10 months to 4 months of the next year, the mulching film coverage shows good water retention effect, the T1 is increased by 1.11-9.88% compared with the CK, the T2 is increased by 1.00-8.09% compared with the CK, and the T1 is 0.11-1.99% higher than the T2 between the two mulching films. The soil temperature under the black mulching film is lower than that of the white mulching film, the soil layer has weaker water potential and less water loss, and the water retention effect is better than that of the white mulching film. The straw mulching has a certain water retention effect, but the evaporation amount is still larger than that of mulching, so that the straw mulching is consistent with the clear ploughing treatment. Rainfall occurs after 4 months, the soil moisture change of the soil layer of 20-40 cm is similar to that of the soil layer of 0-20 cm, and rainwater infiltration and surface evaporation are main influence factors.
2. Influence of covering measures on soil temperature
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the temperature changes of the soil at 20cm and 40cm under different covering measures are reflected, the different covering measures are obviously different, and the temperature trends of the soil at different depths are generally consistent. The temperature of the soil covered by the white film (T2) at 20cm and 40cm is higher than that of other covering measures, the temperature of the soil at 20cm is higher than that of a control by 1.55-6.92 ℃, and the temperature at 40cm is higher than that of the control by 1.98-7.16 ℃. The temperature of the soil covered by the black mulching film (T1) at 20cm is obviously increased compared with that of the control, but the temperature of the soil is different in different seasons, the temperature of the soil covered by the black mulching film is increased by 0.42-2.77 ℃ compared with that of the control when the soil is in a dry season in 12-4 months of the next year, and the temperature of the soil covered by the black mulching film is weak in rainy season and is lower than that of the control in part of time. The temperature raising effect of the soil at the position of 40cm of the black mulching film is not obvious compared with the contrast, and the temperature raising effect is lower than that of the contrast in rainy season. The soil temperature increasing effect of the straw mulching (T3) at 20cm and 40cmc is not obvious, the general trend is consistent with that of a control, and the situation even in a high-temperature season is lower than that of the control. The white mulching film has high light transmittance and thermal radiance and good warming effect; the black mulching film has the advantages of fast self temperature rise, low light transmittance, slow temperature rise and poor effect compared with a white mulching film. The ground covers the ground in the daytime, has the function of cooling due to the fact that solar radiation is blocked, and has the function of heat preservation due to the fact that effective ground radiation is blocked at night. The plastic can pass short wave but not long wave, so it has heat-insulating function.
3. Effect of mulching measures on soil nutrients
As shown in Table 1, the organic matter content of drumstick trees after being planted is obviously increased, and the organic matter content contrast under the covering treatment is higher than that of mulching and straw covering because the decomposition effect of organic fertilizer under the covering measure increases the organic matter content of soil, and the organic matter is quickly consumed under the covering measure. Compared with straw covering and contrast, the full-nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content plastic film covering has obvious difference, the content is higher than that of the contrast, the content is increased after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the white plastic film covering has the highest content in two years; the total phosphorus content of the mulching film coverage and the straw coverage is obviously different from that of the control, and the content is higher than that of the control; the difference of available phosphorus under mulching film coverage is obvious from the contrast, and the available phosphorus content under white mulching film coverage is the highest; the contents of the total potassium and the quick-acting potassium are higher than those of the contrast under the covering measure, and the contents of the quick-acting phosphorus and the straw are covered under the mulching film covering; the total potassium content and the quick-acting potassium content of the white mulching film are higher than those of other treatments.
TABLE 1 soil nutrient comparison table
4. Influence of covering measure on nitrogen absorption and utilization of drumstick tree
After the nitrogen is applied to soil, three main directions exist: firstly, the fertilizer is absorbed by crops; secondly, the residue is left in the soil in different forms; and thirdly, by different mechanisms and pathways, by "soil-crop" systems.
4.1 influence of drumstick trunk substance accumulation under different coverage measures
As shown in Table 2, the dry matter accumulation of the whole drumstick tree and the dry matter accumulation of leaves and roots are increased under different coverage measures, the dry matter accumulation of the whole drumstick tree treated by T1, T2 and T3 is higher than that of CK, wherein the dry matter accumulation of the whole drumstick tree treated by T2 is the highest; the dry matter accumulation of the whole T1 and T2 plants is obviously different from that of T3 and CK; the accumulation of leaf dry matter is represented by T1 & gtT 2 & gtT 3 & gtCK, the accumulation amount of leaf dry matter of T1 has no obvious difference with T2 and T2 and T3, and the accumulation amount of leaf dry matter under different covering measures is obviously different with the control CK; the accumulation amount of stem substances is T2 & gtT 1 & gtCK & gtT 3, wherein T1 has no significant difference from T2 and T3 has no significant difference from CK, and T1, T2 and T3 have significant differences; the dry matter accumulation amount of roots is T1 & gtT 2 & gtT 3 & gtCK.
TABLE 2 Dry matter accumulation control Table for different organs (g/kg)
4.2 Effect of Nitrogen accumulation in drumstick Tree under different coverage measures
As shown in Table 3, the drumstick tree has an effect of promoting the accumulation of nitrogen under the covering measure, the fertilizer 15N of the whole plant, leaves and roots is represented by T2 > T1 > T3 > CK, and the fertilizer 15N of the stem is represented by T1 > T2 > CK > T3. The difference between the whole fertilizer 15N and CK is obvious, the difference between T1 and T2 and the difference between T1 and T2 and the difference between T3 are obvious, the difference between the whole fertilizer 15N treated by different types of mulching films (T1 and T2) is not obvious, and the difference between grass mulching film (T3) and CK is not obvious; the nitrogen accumulation of each organ is obviously different from CK uniformly under the condition of mulching film covering, and the straw covering (T3) has no obvious difference on CK.
TABLE 3 influence of nitrogen accumulation (Fertilizer 15N) in drumstick tree under different coverage measures (mg/strain)
4.3 influence on nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of drumstick tree under different coverage measures
As shown in Table 4, the coverage measures have obvious effect on improving the nitrogen utilization rate of drumstick trees, the nitrogen utilization rate of the whole drumstick tree plant is represented as T2 > T1 > T3 > CK under different coverage measures, and the nitrogen utilization rates of the whole drumstick trees T1 and T2 are higher: mulching film (T1, T2) coverage is significantly different from CK, and straw (T3) coverage is not significantly different from CK. The improvement of the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of each organ of drumstick trees under mulching films (T1 and T2) plays an important role, particularly the increase of the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of blades is large, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of stems and roots is 0.76-2.01 percent higher than that of a control under the action of mulching films. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of each organ of drumstick trees treated by the mulching film covering (T1 and T2) is obviously different from that of CK, and the difference between straw covering (T3) and CK is not obvious.
TABLE 4 influence of drumstick tree nitrogen utilization ratio (%)
4.4 influence of different covering measures on the proportion of the distribution of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer in the direction
As shown in Table 5, a part of the applied nitrogen fertilizer was absorbed and utilized by the drumstick tree plant, and a part remained in the soil, and the remainder was lost and not utilized. Under the covering measure, the distribution proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in leaves and stems of drumstick is T1 > T2 > T3 > CK, the difference between different treatments of the nitrogen proportion distributed in the leaves is not obvious, the difference between the plastic film covering (T1, T2) of organs such as stems and roots and the like and the difference between the straw covering and the CK are obvious. The soil residual amounts T1 and T2 are obviously different from the control. The loss ratio CK & gt T3 & gt T2 & gt T1 of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer, and the difference between the applied nitrogenous fertilizer loss plastic film mulching (T1 and T2) and CK is obvious. By adopting a proper covering mode, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in fertilizer by drumstick trees can be promoted, the content of residual nitrogen in soil is obviously reduced, and the nitrogen loss is reduced.
TABLE 5 influence of different covering measures on the proportion of the disorientation ratios (%)
4.5 Effect of different coverage measures on the proportion of Nitrogen from Fertilizer to drumstick Tree and soil
As shown in table 6, the ratio of nitrogen derived from fertilizer in drumstick tree body to nitrogen content of drumstick tree itself and the ratio of nitrogen derived from fertilizer in soil to nitrogen content of soil itself were determined, and the nitrogen content of drumstick tree leaves under black mulching film coverage derived from nitrogen fertilizer ratio was significantly different from the control; under different covering measures, the proportion of the nitrogen derived from the fertilizer in the stems, the leaves and the soil is not obviously different from that of a control, and the residual proportion of the nitrogen derived from the fertilizer is CK & gt T3 & gt T2 & gt T1. The coverage measures can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen of the drumstick tree to the fertilizer, simultaneously reduce the residue of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil, and the proper coverage measures can be selected to improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization of the drumstick tree.
TABLE 6 Effect of different coverage measures on drumstick tree and soil proportion of Nitrogen from Fertilizer (%)
4.6 influence of different coverage measures on residual ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in different soil layers
As shown in Table 7, the residual ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil layers with different depths of 0-100 cm was measured to decrease with the depth of the soil profile. The residues of nitrogenous fertilizers applied by different covering measures are mainly concentrated at 0-60 cm, account for 44.89-51.14%, the residual proportion of deep soil is small, the difference between different covering measures is small, and the phenomenon that the applied nitrogenous fertilizers do not generate a large amount of leaching and deep accumulation can be obtained. The residual nitrogenous fertilizer applied to the soil layer of 0-20 cm is not obviously different under different covering measures; the difference between mulching films (T1 and T2) at the positions of 20-40 cm and CK is obvious; the difference between residual treatments of applying nitrogen fertilizer in soil layers of 40-60 cm is not obvious; the difference between the residual grass mulching treatment of the nitrogen fertilizer of 60 cm-80 cm and the contrast is obvious; the covering measures of applying nitrogen fertilizer residues on a soil layer of 80-100 cm are not obviously different. The coverage measures can obviously reduce the distribution proportion of the applied nitrogen in a soil layer of 0-100 cm, and can reduce the residue of the nitrogen in the soil, mainly because the coverage measures can improve the absorption and utilization of the drumstick tree to the fertilizer, namely, because the coverage measures can improve the absorption capacity of the drumstick tree root system and the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil, the absorption and utilization of the drumstick tree to the nitrogen is promoted.
TABLE 7 influence of different covering measures on the residual proportion (%)
4.7 Effect of different coverage measures on fresh leaf yield of drumstick trees
As shown in FIG. 5, the yield of fresh leaves of drumstick trees under different covering measures is different, which is represented by T2 & gtT 1 & gtT 3 & gtCK, wherein the yield of T2 is 23.88% higher than that of CK, the yield of T2 is increased by 12.45% compared with that of CK, and the yield of T3 is increased by 8% compared with that of CK.
Claims (7)
1. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for drumstick trees in subtropical regions is characterized by comprising the steps of garden land arrangement, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. garden preparation: selecting sandy loam with subtropical monsoon climate, underground water level lower than 1.5m, convenient irrigation and drainage, soil pH value of 6-7.5 and organic matter content of 10-20 g/kg for deep ploughing and leveling; deeply ploughing to a depth of not less than 40cm, leveling and finely crushing the leveled soil without root stubbles, then excavating strip ditches with a width of 40cm and a depth of 50cm under the pre-planted drumstick seedlings according to the planting row spacing, fertilizing in the strip ditches according to 10kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of each plant, and then covering soil with soil moisture with a height of at least 15cm and a width of 1.2m, wherein the soil moisture distance is 60 cm; digging shallow grooves along two sides of the soil moisture to cover the mulching film, placing the edges of the mulching film into the grooves to be covered with soil, compacted and sealed tightly without bulge and damage;
B. seedling culture: selecting drumstick tree seeds harvested last year and removed of impurities and shrunken particles, disinfecting the drumstick tree seeds before sowing, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in sterilized warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 7-10 hours, then transplanting the drumstick tree seeds into nutrient soil of a nutrient bag after accelerating germination of the drumstick tree seeds and just unfolding of blades, spraying water until the soil is thoroughly wet, then covering a seedbed with thin-layer straws and/or shading nets for shading, removing the covered straws and/or shading nets after seedlings grow to 5-6 blades, and keeping the seedbed soil moist;
C. transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, carrying out film-covered field planting with soil according to the plant-row spacing of 0.9 +/-0.1 multiplied by 1.8 +/-0.2 m by adopting a ridge planting mode, and watering sufficient root fixing water after the field planting; before planting, an opening with the diameter of 15-20 cm is cut on the mulching film, a planting hole with the depth of 15cm and the width of 10cm is dug through the opening, then the nutrition bag seedling is placed in the planting hole after being bagged, soil is returned for planting, finally the opening of the mulching film is sealed by soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after transplanting and planting;
D. field management: checking and repairing the mulching film every month in the first year after transplanting, and checking and repairing the mulching film every quarter in the second to third years after transplanting; applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to 1-2 kg/plant and 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 1-2 months per year in the growth period of drumstick trees, spraying foliar fertilizer 1-2 times per month after tender and slight germination every year and before harvesting every month, applying fruit fertilizer according to 0.1-0.2 kg/plant in 4-5 months per year, irrigating or dripping in dry seasons, draining water and draining waterlogging in rainy seasons, removing weeds and pruning tree shapes;
E. harvesting: after the height of the drumstick tree is larger than 80cm, picking 1/2 tender tips every 20-40 days after the tender tips grow to 30-40 cm; after the main diameter of the drumstick tree is larger than 3cm, trimming 1/2-3/4 branches every 60-90 d, and harvesting leaves from the trimmed branches; harvesting and timely removing pericarp when the pericarp of the drumstick capsule tends to dry, and then airing or drying at low temperature.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the disinfection before sowing in the step B is achieved by harrowing and exposing drumstick tree seeds under sunlight for 2-4 h or irradiating the drumstick tree seeds for 0.5-1 h through ultraviolet sterilization, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 100-300 times of formalin solution for 20-30 min, soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 20-30 min, and soaking the drumstick tree seeds in 50% 500 times of carbendazim for 1-2 h.
3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the germination accelerating in step B is carried out by wrapping the soaked drumstick tree seeds with wet gauze, rinsing with warm water 1 time per day at 25-30 ℃, and uncovering the wet gauze 1 time every 4-6 hours; or burying the soaked drumstick tree seeds in clean and wet sawdust or/and fine river sand for 1-2 cm, and then covering with a film.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil in step B comprises clean soil, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 100:25: 5.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the mulching film in step C is a white mulching film, a light blue mulching film, a light red mulching film or a black mulching film.
6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in step D is 0.5% monopotassium phosphate, a foliar fertilizer for vegetables or a microbial fertilizer, and the fruit fertilizer is a potassium-calcium fertilizer; the organic fertilizer in the step A, the step B and/or the step D is one or the combination of any one of fermented pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and green manure.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the D step, when phalaris arundinacea is in 2-6 leaf stage in the weeds after drumstick tree planting, 80-100 ml/mu of pinoxaden + florasulam dispersible oil suspending agent or fluroxypyr dispersible oil suspending agent is mixed with 30-40 kg/mu of water, and stem leaves are sprayed uniformly to weed.
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| JPH089782A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-16 | Iseki & Co Ltd | Method for cultivation |
| CN101326883A (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2008-12-24 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Method for cultivating Moringa oleifera for fruit in Jinsha river dry heat river valley dry land |
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