CN104106360A - Method for shoot cuttage rejuvenation of superior adult trees of pinus khasys - Google Patents
Method for shoot cuttage rejuvenation of superior adult trees of pinus khasys Download PDFInfo
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- CN104106360A CN104106360A CN201410317353.4A CN201410317353A CN104106360A CN 104106360 A CN104106360 A CN 104106360A CN 201410317353 A CN201410317353 A CN 201410317353A CN 104106360 A CN104106360 A CN 104106360A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for shoot cuttage rejuvenation of superior adult trees of pinus khasys. The method includes grafting rejuvenation of branches of the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys, according to the first time of grafting rejuvenation, lignification lateral branches, which are grown in the current year, of the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys are cut to serve as scions to be grafted on seedling stocks which are grown for one year through clone seeds; according to the second time of grafting rejuvenation, lignification lateral branches grown on seedlings in the first time of grafting rejuvenation are cut to serve as scions to be grafted on stocks which are newly selected; according to the third time of grafting rejuvenation, lignification lateral branches grown on seedlings in the second time of grafting rejuvenation are cut to serve as scions to be grafted on stocks in the third time of selection. Half-lignification lateral branches grown on seedlings in the third time of grafting rejuvenation are cut as cuttage materials which are fast dipped into rooting agents and then are inserted into a seedbed for seedling exercising. According to the method for shoot cuttage rejuvenation of the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys, cuttage branches are obtained through the method that three times of grafting rejuvenation is conducted on the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys for the first time, and the defect that the branches of the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys cannot survive through direct cuttage. Cuttage propogation of the superior adult trees of the pinus khasys succeeds for the first time, and the rooting percentage is more than 62 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest Technique on Cuttage Propagation field, be specifically related to the adult select tree epicormic branch cuttage childrenization method of pinus khasys.
Background technology
Pinus khasys (Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis) belongs to Pinaceae (Pinusaceae) Pinus (Pinus) plant, is the geographical variety of card West Asia pine.The tropical and subtropical zone mountain region of natural distribution to the west of Ailaoshan, Yunnan, height above sea level 700-2000m scope, concentrates and is distributed in 1000-1700m location.Pinus khasys is Yunnan Province's distinctive fast-growing material and produces fat seeds, is the seeds of Pu'er Forest area maximum, and area is 98.20 ten thousand hm2, and growing stock amount is 8637.50 ten thousand m3.Pinus khasys growth is fast, and rotation is short, and material is good, and product fat amount is high, and annidation is strong, is the pioneer tree species of south subtropics planting out, has important economic worth and ecological significance.
Vegetative propagation is a kind of propagation method of cultivating good Clonal seedling by pierre technology such as group training, grafting or the cuttages of defect individual.Pinus khasys belongs to the difficulty seeds that take root, and due to the height heterozygosity of trees, vegetative propagation is unique method that can keep trees genetic gain.At present, in pinus khasys clone improvement process, be mainly to carry out vegetative propagation by grafting, have that reproduction speed is low, the growth traits of grafting is poor and the aspect problem such as production cost is high, cannot meet the requirement of breed and production; And adopt tissue to cultivate, and affected by maturation effect, its group training cycle is long, is difficult for successfully, also under test.
Pinus khasys Cultivation Techniques of Softwood Cutting is to adopt pinus khasys treelet semi-lignified side shoot at present, as the material of epicormic branch cuttage, its cuttage survival rate is also higher, but it relates to early stage mensuration problem, because of trees by childhood to grow up, aspect growth rhythm and morphological feature, can change, thereby utilize treelet branch to carry out cuttage, must be along bearing the various risks relevant with early stage selection.Once reach an adult age the phase after pinus khasys blooms, various proterties are just relatively stable, the rhythm and pace of moving things of growing is more steady, it is the period of proterties repetition and stability maximum, but grow up select tree because its age of tree is large the pinus khasys that select this period, the inner inhibitor content of plant is high, if directly can not survive with its branch cutting, if adopt the method for grafting, because grafting is because of the aging impact that must bring former strain maturation effect of scion, greatly hindered clone and bred process, the childrenization method of therefore studying the adult select tree in Simao is very necessary.Adopting the spray of the select tree that grows up is propagating materials, cultivates into pinus khasys clone nursery stock.Its advantage is the merit on Superior Tree of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis fully can be entailed to clonal offspring, and the hereditary component of some non-additive effects also can all entail offspring.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the problem that overcomes existing pinus khasys treelet and sprout side shoot and cultivate cuttage seeding and exist as propagating materials genetic variation and genetic differentiation, and although adult select tree merit can fully entail clonal offspring, but exist pinus khasys to grow up defect and deficiency that select tree branch cuttage can not survive.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method for the adult select tree epicormic branch cuttage childrenization of a kind of pinus khasys provided by the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of the adult select tree of pinus khasys
Adopt five conventional strain dominant tree methods, select the age of tree >=20 year, average annual high amount of growth >=1m, the adult pinus khasys of average annual breast diameter growth amount >=1cm is the adult select tree of pinus khasys;
(2) the grafting childrenization of the adult select tree branch of pinus khasys
1. grafting childrenization for the first time, the selection of stock: select with the seedling of the clone cultivating seeds height of seedling 70cm～100cm of 1 year and leading thread 1cm～2cm be stock, the cutting of fringe bar: cutting the lignification side shoot that the adult select tree of the selected pinus khasys of step (1) germinates then in annual May or October is fringe bar; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at selected stock height, by cut fringe bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on this stock, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the first time after cultivating and surviving;
2. grafting childrenization for the second time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock newly select stock for graft stock for the second time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the lignification side shoot that grows on the childrenization of the grafting for the first time seedling of step (2) described in 1. for grafting fringe bar for the second time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the second time, by the cut fringe of grafting for the second time bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the second time, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the second time after cultivating and surviving;
3. grafting childrenization for the third time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock select again stock for graft stock for the third time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the lignification side shoot that grows on the childrenization of the grafting for the second time seedling of step (2) described in 2. for grafting fringe bar for the third time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the third time, by the cut fringe of grafting for the third time bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the third time, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the third time after cultivating and surviving;
(3) management of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time
On the disconnected top, trunk 20cm～30cm place of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time, monthly impose once-combined fertile 5g～10g/ strain, in described composite fertilizer N content be 15%, P
2o
5content is 15%, K
2o content is 15%, and described percentage is mass fraction;
(4) selection of cuttage material
Choosing the semi-lignified side shoot without damage by disease and insect that grafting childrenization seedling grows is for the third time cuttage material;
(5) processing of cuttage material and cuttage
After mixing with heteroauxin 1g and methyl α-naphthyl acetate 1g, the solution of water constant volume 1L is root-growing agent, will after quickly dipped cuttage material step (4) Suo Shu described root-growing agent 10～20s, insert seedbed;
(6) management of cuttage seeding
After cuttage, on seedbed, build colourless transparent plastic film shed, cover the sunshade net of one deck shading rate 75%～80% in described colourless transparent plastic film outside, in canopy, relative air humidity remains on 80%～90%; Temperature remains on 25～32 DEG C, sprays bactericide every 9d～11d one time to cuttage seeding;
(7) hardening
Growth of cuttage seedlings after 4 months survival rate reach more than 70% and start hardening, the hardening phase waters once every 2d～3d; Every 15d sealing fertilizer 5g/ strain, described composite fertilizer is identical with composite fertilizer step (3) Suo Shu.After 1 month, select height of seedling >=15cm until hardening, the outplanting afforestation of leading thread >=0.2cm.
Further, the bactericide that step (6) sprays is 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim.
Further, step (2) 1. described cuttings length be that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full; Step (2) the 2. described cuttings length of grafting is for the second time that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full; Step (2) the 3. length of the described fringe of grafting for the third time bar is that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the method for adult three the grafting childrenizations of select tree of pinus khasys to obtain cuttage branch first, has overcome prior art and has adopted pinus khasys treelet to obtain cuttage branch, and the cuttage seeding of cultivation exists the problem of genetic variation and genetic differentiation.
2, the branch that the present invention adopts the select tree that grows up is propagating materials by plant viviparous spray after grafting three times continuously on the raw young anvil of 1a, cultivate into pinus khasys clone nursery stock, its advantage is: the merit that pinus khasys can be grown up on select tree fully entails clonal offspring, and the hereditary component of some non-additive effects also can all entail offspring.
3, the inventive method makes the cottage propagation of 20 years adult select trees of above pinus khasys obtain successfully first.The childrenization that has effectively realized the adult select tree of pinus khasys, raw treelet lateral branch cutting rooting efficiency was good than 3 years for childrenization cuttage effect, and rooting rate reaches 62%.Simultaneously, also shortened the childrenization cycle of the adult select tree material of pinus khasys, only 4 years can make 20 years above adult select tree branches be able to childrenization, improve youngization efficiency, effectively promoted the process of pinus khasys breeding, for the later stage choiceness of pinus khasys breeding measure and improved variety popularization work guarantee is provided smoothly.
Embodiment
In embodiment, be conventional method without special instruction.
Embodiment 1 the inventive method
The present embodiment is done two processing, processes 1 and process 2 and monthlyly carry out as follows in May in the same year or 10 respectively:
1. implement place
In Lin Kesuo nursery, Chinese yunnan province Puer City, be positioned at 22 ° 27 of north latitude '～24 ° 06 ', 100 ° 19 '～101 ° 27 of east longitude ' between, weather is south subtropics district, zonal soil is red earth and part laterite.
(1) selection of the adult select tree of pinus khasys
The five strain dominant tree methods that employing is conventional, select tree age >=20 year, average annual high amount of growth >=1m, and the adult pinus khasys of average annual breast diameter growth amount >=1cm is the adult select tree of pinus khasys.Described five conventional strain dominant tree methods are: centered by candidate tree, in the relatively consistent 10m～25m radius of land occupation condition, wherein at least should comprise trees more than 30 strains, select 3～5 strain dominant trees that are only second to candidate tree, survey and calculate its mean stand height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the volume of timber.As exceeding required standard, the indexs such as the volume of timber of candidate tree can be selected in.General provision: the volume of timber, the height of tree and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of select tree should exceed respectively the average volume of timber of dominant tree 50%, the height of tree 5%, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 20%.
(2) the grafting childrenization of the adult select tree branch of pinus khasys
1. grafting childrenization for the first time, the selection of stock: select with the seedling of the clone cultivating seeds height of seedling 70cm～100cm of 1 year and leading thread 1cm～2cm be stock, the cutting of fringe bar: cutting the length that the adult select tree of the selected pinus khasys of step (1) germinates is then that the full lignification side shoot of 18cm～23cm and terminal bud is fringe bar; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at selected stock height, use the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on this stock cut fringe bar, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the first time after cultivating and surviving, and processing 1 is more than 80% with the average graft survival rate of processing 2.
2. grafting childrenization for the second time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock newly select stock for graft stock for the second time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the length growing on the childrenization of the grafting for the first time seedling of step (2) described in 1. and be the full lignification side shoot of 18cm～23cm and terminal bud for grafting fringe bar for the second time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the second time, use the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the second time the cut fringe of grafting for the second time bar, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the second time after cultivating and surviving, and processing 1 is more than 80% with the average graft survival rate of processing 2.
3. grafting childrenization for the third time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock select again stock for graft stock for the third time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the length growing on the childrenization of the grafting for the second time seedling of step (2) described in 2. and be the full lignification side shoot of 18cm～23cm and terminal bud for grafting fringe bar for the third time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the third time, use the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the third time the cut fringe of grafting for the third time bar, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the third time after cultivating and surviving, and processing 1 is more than 80% with the average graft survival rate of processing 2;
(3) management of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time
On the disconnected top, trunk 20cm～30cm place of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time, monthly impose once-combined fertile 5g～10g/ strain, in described composite fertilizer N content be 15%, P
2o
5content is 15%, K
2o content is 15%, and described percentage is mass fraction.
(4) selection of cuttage material
Choosing the semi-lignified side shoot without damage by disease and insect that grafting childrenization seedling grows is for the third time cuttage material.
(5) processing of cuttage material and cuttage
After mixing with heteroauxin 1g and methyl α-naphthyl acetate 1g, the solution of water constant volume 1L is root-growing agent, will after quickly dipped cuttage material described root-growing agent 10s～20s, insert seedbed; The soil in seedbed is mountain red soil.
(6) management of cuttage seeding
After cuttage, on seedbed, build colourless transparent plastic film shed, cover the sunshade net of one deck shading rate 75%～80% in described plastic film outside, in canopy, relative air humidity remains on 80%～90%; Temperature remains on 25～32 DEG C, sprays 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every 9d～11d to cuttage seeding.
(7) hardening
Growth of cuttage seedlings after 4 months survival rate reach and more than 70% start hardening, open gradually plastic film ventilative, first two ends, seedbed plastic film is opened, after cuttage seeding has adapted to external environment condition, taken off plastic film, after 5 months, take sunshade off and carry out full exposure hardening.The hardening phase waters, and waters once every 2d～3d; Every 15d sealing fertilizer 5g/ strain, described composite fertilizer is identical with composite fertilizer step (3) Suo Shu.After 1 month, select height of seedling >=15cm until hardening, the outplanting afforestation of leading thread >=0.2cm.Process 1 and all reach 62% with the average rooting rate of cuttage seeding of processing 2.
Embodiment 2 is grafting childrenization seedling, grafting childrenization seedling, grafting childrenization seedling (hereinafter to be referred as grafting plant) differing heights side shoot, hormone kind, the affect comparative trial of concentration on cuttage survival rate for the third time for the second time for the first time
1. implement place
In Lin Kesuo nursery, Chinese yunnan province Puer City, be positioned at 22 ° 27 of north latitude '～24 ° 06 ', 100 ° 19 '～101 ° 27 of east longitude ' between, weather is south subtropics district, zonal soil is red earth and part laterite.
2 test materials
The system of selection of the adult select tree of pinus khasys is identical with embodiment 1.
The fringe bar that grafting is used picks up from the adult select tree of pinus khasys after progeny test, the age of tree 30 years, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 32cm, the fine individual plant of height of tree 30m.Stock is selected 1 year high 70～100cm of life, the pinus khasys seedling of leading thread 1～2cm; Grafting adopts cleft graft, by the grafting after grafting 3 times on the raw stock of 1a respectively, while growing to 25cm, 50cm, 100cm, field planting be test use adopt fringe maternal plant.Adopting fringe maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing is 50cm × 50cm, and maternal plant is cut top for 3 months after field planting and processes, and reaches 8～10cm and starts to cut fringe, at every turn foliage fertilization 1 time after clip fringe bar when maternal plant sprouts side shoot length.The fringe bar using in cuttage test is all to adopt semi-lignified that fringe maternal plant sprouted then without the full branch of damage by disease and insect terminal bud.It is matrix that mountain red soil is all selected in cuttage test; The sunshade net of 75% shading rate.
3 experimental scheme
3.1 grafting plant differing heights side shoots, hormone kind, the impact of concentration on cuttage survival rate
With the impact test of cuttage survival rate of doing differing heights side shoot, hormone kind, variable concentrations by three grafting plants.Adopt orthogonal L9 (3)
4, repeat for three times, from cuttage in October, 2013,30 of each processing cuttages,, observe the situation that survives in March, 2014 by totally 810.Experimental scheme is in table 1.
Table 1 experimental scheme
After 3.2 cottage methods and cuttage, manage
Cuttage a few days ago matrix carries out disinfection for subsequent usely with 500 times of carbendazim solutions, fringe bar is selected then the healthy fringe bar of raw semi-lignified band terminal bud without damage by disease and insect, long 8～10cm.Carry out after HORMONE TREATMENT according to test requirements document, for subsequent use.The bamboo chip of first fining away with one end when cuttage is inserted hole in nutritious bag sack central authorities, then cuttings is inserted in hole, takes off soil pressure real with hand, and cuttage degree of depth 4cm left and right is watered permeablely after inserting, soil and cuttings are combined closely.Bury to and take root from cuttings, preventing from wilting is the key surviving, cuttings be plugged rear in time above seedbed 0.8m place build the little shed of plastic film, and on the little shed of plastic film, cover the sunshade net of shading rate 75%.To control the temperature and humidity in hut, in hut, humidity remains on 85～90%, and temperature remains on 25～32 DEG C, will take in time above the aeration-cooling measure in hut two ends for 33 DEG C, but will note ensureing under the prerequisite of humidity in canopy, temperature being dropped in optimum range.After tloig-cutlage, spray 1000 times of carbendazim liquids every 10d and prevent that fringe bar from going mouldy.After 4 months, open gradually plastic film ventilative, after 5 months, take sunshade off and carry out full exposure hardening.
3.3 data statistics
Rooting rate carries out complete investigation after 6 months in cuttage.Data acquisition is added up with EXCEL, test statistics result is carried out to variance analysis and multiple ratio by the DPSv7.05 of statistical software version.
4. results and analysis
Hormone kind, concentration are sprouted lateral branch cutting survival of random result of the test in table 2 to grafting plant differing heights.Result to test gained is carried out intuitive analysis and variance analysis, as can be seen from Table 2, it is maximum that grafting plant differing heights is sprouted side shoot R value, so the side shoot that the differing heights of grafting plant is sprouted is the Main Factors that affects cuttage survival rate, next is hormone kind, be concentration again, the primary and secondary order of 3 factors is: A > B > C.From result of the test, horizontal combination A
1b
2c
2cuttage survival rate is the highest on average reaches 66.7% in combination.1.53～9.52 times of other treatment combination.
The impact of 3 kinds of processing of table 2 on pinus khasys cuttage survival rate
The F value assay (table 3) of variance analysis shows, side shoot that differing heights is sprouted, hormon kind, variable concentrations process between cuttage survival rate difference extremely remarkable.Show that this test side shoot that differing heights is sprouted, hormon kind, variable concentrations are the principal elements that affects cuttage survival rate.
3 kinds of processing of table 3 affect variance analysis table to cuttage survival rate
*represent that difference is extremely remarkable
Utilize the mean of the cuttage survival rate of the LSD method of inspection to the each factor of this test to carry out multiple ratio.Result shows: grafting plant differing heights 25cm, 50cm, 100cm sprout lateral branch cutting survival rate significant difference; Hormone kind, between heteroauxin and naphthylacetic acid mixture, indolebutyric acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, difference reaches utmost point significance level, and between indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, difference does not reach significance level; The concentration using, between 2g/L and 3g/L, difference does not reach significance level, and 2g/L and 3g/L and 1g/L difference reach utmost point significance level.
Between the each level of table 4 test processing 3 factor, multiple ratio
Can find out that from analysis result differing heights, hormon kind, variable concentrations have remarkable impact to cuttage survival rate.The best of breed of level is consistent with table 2 conclusion, is A
1b
2c
2, i.e. grafting plant height 25cm, the equal amount of mixture of the hormone of use and heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate, concentration is 2g/L.
4 conclusions
Grafting plant differing heights side shoot, hormone kind, concentration shows the result of the test that affects of cuttage survival rate, and the best of breed of level is A
1b
2c
2, i.e. grafting plant height 25c, hormone kind heteroauxin and naphthylacetic acid mixture, working concentration 2g/L.Grafting plant height declines along with highly increasing cuttage survival rate, shows that position effect is obvious.While adopting fringe maternal plant with grafting plant cultivation aborning, cutting strunk height is as far as possible lower than 25cm.
Embodiment 3 grafting number of times are sprouted side shoot number affects comparative trial, the comparison of grafting plant differing heights sprouting side shoot quantity, the different age of tree and the affect comparative trial of different grafting number of times on cuttage survival rate to grafting plant
1. implement place
In Lin Kesuo nursery, Chinese yunnan province Puer City, be positioned at 22 ° 27 of north latitude '～24 ° 06 ', 100 ° 19 '～101 ° 27 of east longitude ' between, weather is south subtropics district, zonal soil is red earth and part laterite.
2. test material
The system of selection of the adult select tree of pinus khasys is identical with embodiment 1.
The fringe bar that grafting is used picks up from after progeny test the age of tree 30 years, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 32cm, the pinus khasys of the height of tree 30m select tree that grows up; Grafting adopts cleft graft; When each grafting, adopt seedling height of seedling 70～100cm of clonal seed orchard cultivating seeds 1a, the plant of leading thread 1～2cm is as stock, after grafting survival field planting be test use adopt fringe maternal plant.Adopting fringe maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing is 50cm × 50cm; 1a, 3a, 5a treelet branch pick up from popularization center of State Forestry Administration, P.R. China of Ning Er county nursery; The fringe bar using in cuttage test is all to adopt semi-lignified that fringe maternal plant sprouted then without the full branch of damage by disease and insect terminal bud.
3. experimental scheme
3.1 grafting number of times are sprouted side shoot number affects to grafting plant
Grafting number of times is sprouted the test of side shoot number affects to grafting plant, grafting 3 times, while being each grafting, adopt seedling height of seedling 70～100cm of clonal seed orchard cultivating seeds 1a, the plant of leading thread 1～2cm, as stock, is overhead cut off at 10～15cm place at stock, and the fringe bar of grafting for the first time picks up from side shoot that select tree sprouts, treat the complete lignification of side shoot, terminal bud is full, reaches after 20cm, gets side shoot that grafting sprouts and carries out grafting as the fringe bar of grafting for the second time; The side shoot that plant sprouts surviving of grafting is for the second time transferred the fringe bar as grafting for the third time; Test adopts single factors randomized blocks design, establishes three repetitions, each processing 30 strains, and grafting 270 strains altogether, add up side shoot quantity after five months.
3.2 grafting plant differing heights are sprouted the comparison of side shoot quantity
For adopting fringe maternal plant, enter urge a coppice shoot, the side shoot quantity of the each clip of observed and recorded after five months in the disconnected top side of At The Height of 25cm, 50cm, 100cm with the plant field planting of grafting three times respectively.Test adopts single factors randomized blocks design, establishes three repetitions, each processing 30 strains, grafting 270 strains altogether.
The 3.3 different age of trees and the impact of different grafting number of times on cuttage survival rate
1a, 3a, 5a treelet, pinus khasys grow up select tree for the first time grafting, for the second time grafting, side shoot that grafting sprouts carries out cuttage test for the third time.Matrix is mountain red soil, heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate equal amount of mixture for hormone, and concentration is 2g/L, cuttage after quickly dipped 3s is built sunshade with the sunshade net of 75% shading rate after cuttage.Test adopts single factors randomized blocks design, establishes three repetitions, 30 of each processing, altogether 540 of cuttages.
3.4 data statistics
Cutting off the semi-lignified side shoot quantity that starts to record each clip for behind grafting plant top five month.Rooting rate carries out complete investigation after 6 months in cuttage.Data acquisition is added up with EXCEL, test statistics result is carried out to variance analysis and multiple ratio by the DPSv7.05 of statistical software version.
4. results and analysis
4.1 grafting number of times are sprouted side shoot number affects to grafting plant
It is 19.9 that different grafting number of times plant sprout side shoot average yields, and side shoot yield result is carried out to variance analysis as table 5:
Table 5 grafting number of times is sprouted side shoot number affects variance analysis table to grafting plant
*represent that difference is extremely remarkable
As shown in Table 5, it is remarkable that different grafting number of times plant sprout side shoot ability heteropole.Utilize least significant difference (LSD method) to sprout side shoot average yield to the different number of times plant of this test grafting and carry out multiple ratio.Grafting number of times is sprouted side shoot number affects result of the test to grafting plant and is shown, the grafting plant that grafting is 3 times is sprouted the average individual plant of side shoot and reached 31, higher than grafting 2 times and 1 time, average 20 and 8.7 of sprouting side shoot.Grafting 3 times is to plant childrenization best results, sprouts side shoot ability and is significantly higher than grafting 1 time and 2 times.
Table 6 grafting number of times is sprouted the multiple comparison sheet of side shoot number affects to grafting plant
4.2 grafting plant differing heights are sprouted the comparison of side shoot quantity
Grafting plant differing heights side shoot output luffing, between 14～29, carries out variance analysis as table 7 to its result:
Table 7 grafting plant differing heights is sprouted relatively variance analysis table of side shoot quantity
*represent that difference is extremely remarkable
As shown in Table 7, grafting plant differing heights side shoot sprouting amount difference is extremely remarkable, the result of multiple comparisons (table 8) shows: grafting plant overhead 20～30cm height individual plant is sprouted side shoot and on average reached 29, higher than 50～60cm and 90～100cm height, average individual plant is sprouted 18 of side shoots, 14.Along with the increase of grafting plant height, to sprout side shoot ability on a declining curve.
Table 8 grafting plant differing heights is sprouted often heavy comparison sheet of side shoot quantity
The 4.3 different age of trees and the impact of different grafting number of times on cuttage survival rate
6 are processed cutting survival luffing is 7.3%～87%, and test gained cuttage root-taking rate is carried out to the conversion of arcsine value, analyzes its otherness, and result is as table 9.
The different age of trees of table 9 and the affect variance analysis table of different grafting number of times on cuttage survival rate
*represent that difference is extremely remarkable
The F value assay of variance analysis shows: it is extremely remarkable that the different age of trees and grafting number of times are sprouted lateral branch cutting survival rate impact test difference, further carries out the multiple table 10 that is compared as follows.
The different age of trees of table 10 and different grafting number of times are on the multiple comparison sheet of the impact of cuttage survival rate
The different age of trees and different grafting number of times show the result of the test that affects of cuttage survival rate: within 1 year, raw treelet lateral branch cutting survival rate reaches 87%, and the utmost point is significantly higher than 3a, 5a, grafting 1 time, grafting 2 times, grafting 3 times; The lateral branch cutting survival rate that the plant that grafting is three times sprouts reaches 62%, the cuttage survival rate of sprouting side shoot than the raw treelet of 3a exceeds 1.4%, illustrate pinus khasys is grown up to continuous 3 graftings of select tree branch on young anvil, then plant viviparous side shoot for 3 times with grafting and carry out cuttage, childrenization cuttage root-taking is effective.
5 conclusions and discussion
5.1 conclusion
(1) grafting number of times is sprouted side shoot number affects result of the test to grafting plant and is shown, 3 plant of grafting sprout the average individual plants of side shoot and reach 31, higher than grafting 2 times and 1 time, average 20 and 8.7 of sprouting side shoot.Grafting number of times is sprouted side shoot ability to plant remarkable impact, and 3 plant of grafting sprout side shoot ability higher than grafting 1 time and 2 times.
(2) grafting plant differing heights is sprouted side shoot quantity comparative test result and is shown, grafting plant overhead 25cm height individual plant is sprouted side shoot and on average reached 29, and higher than 50cm and 100cm height, average individual plant is sprouted 18 of side shoots, 14.Along with plant height increase, to sprout side shoot ability on a declining curve.
(3) the different age of trees and different grafting number of times show the result of the test that affects of cuttage survival rate: within 1 year, raw treelet lateral branch cutting survival rate reaches 87%, and the utmost point is significantly higher than 3a, 5a, grafting 1 time, grafting 2 times, grafting 3 times; The lateral branch cutting survival rate that the plant that grafting is three times sprouts reaches 62%, the cuttage survival rate of sprouting side shoot than 3a treelet exceeds 1.4%, illustrate pinus khasys is grown up to continuous 3 graftings of select tree branch on young anvil, then plant viviparous side shoot for 3 times with grafting and carry out cuttage, childrenization cuttage root-taking is effective, has effectively overcome age effect.
Claims (3)
1. a method for the adult select tree epicormic branch cuttage childrenization of pinus khasys, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of the adult select tree of pinus khasys
Adopt five conventional strain dominant tree methods, select the age of tree >=20 year, average annual high amount of growth >=1m, the adult pinus khasys of average annual breast diameter growth amount >=1cm is the adult select tree of pinus khasys;
(2) the grafting childrenization of the adult select tree branch of pinus khasys
1. grafting childrenization for the first time, the selection of stock: select with the seedling of the clone cultivating seeds height of seedling 70cm～100cm of 1 year and leading thread 1cm～2cm be stock, the cutting of fringe bar: cutting the lignification side shoot that the adult select tree of pinus khasys germinates then in annual May or October is fringe bar; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at selected stock height, by cut fringe bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on this stock, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the first time after cultivating and surviving;
2. grafting childrenization for the second time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock newly select stock for graft stock for the second time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the lignification side shoot that grows on the childrenization of the grafting for the first time seedling of step (2) described in 1. for grafting fringe bar for the second time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the second time, by the cut fringe of grafting for the second time bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the second time, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the second time after cultivating and surviving;
3. grafting childrenization for the third time, the selection of stock: by step (2) 1. the system of selection of described stock select again stock for graft stock for the third time, the cutting of fringe bar: cut the lignification side shoot that grows on the childrenization of the grafting for the second time seedling of step (2) described in 2. for grafting fringe bar for the third time; Grafting: overhead cut off at 10cm～15cm place at the selected height of graft stock for the third time, by the cut fringe of grafting for the third time bar with the grafting of cleft grafting grafting method on described graft stock for the third time, grafting is grafting childrenization seedling for the third time after cultivating and surviving;
(3) management of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time
On the disconnected top, trunk 20cm～30cm place of grafting childrenization seedling for the third time, monthly impose once-combined fertile 5g～10g/ strain, in described composite fertilizer N content be 15%, P
2o
5content is 15%, K
2o content is 15%, and described percentage is mass fraction;
(4) selection of cuttage material
Choosing the semi-lignified side shoot without damage by disease and insect that grafting childrenization seedling grows is for the third time cuttage material;
(5) processing of cuttage material and cuttage
After mixing with heteroauxin 1g and methyl α-naphthyl acetate 1g, the solution of water constant volume 1L is root-growing agent, will after quickly dipped cuttage material described root-growing agent 10s～20s, insert seedbed;
(6) management of cuttage seeding
After cuttage, on seedbed, build colourless transparent plastic film shed, cover the sunshade net of one deck shading rate 75%～80% in described plastic film outside, in canopy, relative air humidity remains on 80%～90%; Temperature remains on 25 DEG C～32 DEG C, sprays bactericide every 9d～11d one time to cuttage seeding;
(7) hardening
Cuttage seeding survival rate reaches more than 70% and starts hardening, and the hardening phase waters once every 2d～3d, and every 15d sealing fertilizer 5g/ strain, described composite fertilizer is identical with composite fertilizer step (3) Suo Shu.
2. the method for the adult select tree epicormic branch cuttage childrenization of pinus khasys according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bactericide that step (6) sprays is 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim.
3. the grow up method of select tree epicormic branch cuttage childrenization of pinus khasys according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the cuttings length of step (2) described in is 1. that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full; Step (2) the 2. described cuttings length of grafting is for the second time that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full; Step (2) the 3. length of the described fringe of grafting for the third time bar is that 18cm～23cm and terminal bud are full.
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