CN105613062A - Rubber superior tree tender shoot grafting, rejuvenizing and seedling growing method - Google Patents
Rubber superior tree tender shoot grafting, rejuvenizing and seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation and relates to a rubber superior tree tender shoot grafting, rejuvenizing and seedling growing method. The method includes the steps of budding and rejuvenating cultivation of mother plants, grafting of tender shoots and management after grafting, and technological seedlings in the rejuvenized state are kept and restored through propagation materials. According to the method, vigorous vertical branches 3-13 months old are selected, leaf buds growing in leaf seams serve as budding scions for mother plant rejuvenating cultivation, and bud eyes in leaf axils of lower leaves are large and plump. The budding survival rate is high, and bud slices are large in germination potential and quick in germination. The mother plant tender shoots which are young, strong in vigor and vigorous in growth serve as the scions for rejuvenizing and grafting, and the grafting survival rate can be increased. Besides, the growth amount change speed of new plants can be obviously increased, rejuvenization of Brazil rubber superior tree materials is achieved, and a guarantee is provided for later superior clone testing of rubber tree seedling and smooth improved variety popularization work.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, it relates to a kind of rubber tree method for culturing seedlings, the specifically method of a kind of paragutta resistance and high-yielding select tree tender tip grafting childrenization nursery.
Background technology
Rubber tree is the most important one of the woody cash crop and fast-growing high quality timber seeds in torrid areas, plays irreplaceable vital role in South East Asia and China's natural rubber production and ecological construction and environment protection always. Although the rubber tree economic production time limit is longer, but different rubber tree planting materials has the different economical lifves, in general, in artificial growth situation, if there is not dead skin, tree of growing directly from seeds at least can adopt glue 50 years, even can extending to 70��80 years, bud grafting tree is generally 25��30 years, in the majority with 25 years, it is on the low side that 30a cuts age, because the moon lancinates, glue easily causes dead skin to occur. China's rubber tree cultivation is positioned at northern tropical, windburn and cold damage are restriction China topmost factors of ruber plantation, Given this, rubber tree breeding will from production reality, basic task is constantly bred as the improved Varieties being applicable to each rubber planting district demand of China, thus carry out rubber tree anti-wind high yield, emphasis that the initiative of cold-resistant high-yield variety is current breeding research work.
Rubber tree belongs to perennial cross-pollination arbor, conventional breeding year limit for length, especially to gum yield, it is more very long that degeneration-resistant proterties together carries out the selection and use cycle, based on protecting and excavate one of original population of sexual system important channel being successfully seed selection rubber tree resistance and high-yielding kind, utilize and extra heavy windburn occurs, that survives after cold damage has excellent anti-wind, the excellent elite stand of resistance to low temperature, survey, by single strain, the mode produced and its sexual system is carried out gum yield qualification, then wind high yield is resisted, cold-resistant high yield elite seedling carries out vegetative propagation, what set up the scale at different levels clone different with function is than test, complete the system qualification of clone, these links are the important component parts of rubber tree resistance and high-yielding breed breeding. but, due to the various reasons such as natural and artificial, the sexual system that China's twentieth century was planted before the nineties reduces increasingly, particularly some resistance and high-yieldings precious rubber tree of growing directly from seeds suffers artificial catastrophic explosion, and this makes the survival and development of original population of peculiar preciousness sexual system of China face serious threat. therefore, urgently need the rubber tree to resistance and high-yielding save and protect, it is save and protection rubber grows directly from seeds the requisite measure of elite stand taking the excellent rubber elite stand branch that grows directly from seeds as material carries out vegetative propagation.
For a long time, rubber tree breeding of new variety takes elite seedling to select the breeding method combined with vegetative propagation. At present, the common employing bud grafting technology of rubber tree vegetative propagation carries out the breeding of resistance and high-yielding elite stand, and select tree branch is mainly picked up from scion. Due to the impact by tree body age effect and scion position effect, the nursery stock cultivated is caused to affect seriously (maturation effect belongs to unfavorable factor in select tree vegetative propagation and clone measure) by select tree maturation effect, maturing material not only makes vegetative propagation difficulty, poor growth, but also non-heritable variation serious in clone can be caused, this kind of non-heritable variation and heritable variation mix, and clone is measured deviation occurs, and cause test invalid. Its tissue once enter ripe state, has very strong stability, and this kind of stability can be transmitted by many generation cell fission. Therefore, overcome the maturation effect of select tree by recovering childrenization state, and make clone keep juvenile and consistence, vegetative propagation and Clone Breeding are had very important significance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of advantages of simple for the deficiencies in the prior art, workable, effect of rejuvenation obvious resistance and high-yielding rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings, adopt and first the upright branch of rubber select tree is carried out bud grafting rejuvenation, apply the tender tip of bud grafting seedling again and carry out grafting childrenization, solve the bud grafting surviving rate that conventional above the average age for marriage select tree utilizes bud grafting technology nursery to exist low, the problem that plant strain growth is bad, the childrenization efficiency of the serious rubber select tree material of maturing effect can be significantly improved, thus reach the object significantly improving graft survival rate and promoting plant strain growth, and then provide guarantee for carrying out the choiceness system qualification in rubber tree breeding later stage smoothly with improved variety popularization work.
The technology used in the present invention principle: close owing to rubber clone genotype height is assorted, the plant species characteristic utilizing seed to breed easily morphs, bud grafting seedling is existing main planting material, therefore, significantly limit the rejuvenation of the low activity cell of the tip of a root and rhizome connection place and utilizes. And there is age effect, position effect, and to organize once enter ripe state trees, there is very strong stability, this kind of stability can be transmitted by many generation cell fission. During as carried out vegetative propagation by scion bud sheet of level branch or lower weeping branch, often there will be the oblique growth in breeding generation, i.e. position effect.
The age of stock and scion more big graft survival rate is more low in general, and the tender tissue of not yet lignifying, and the tip as tender in seedling, owing to plasticity-is big, it is easy to realizes dedifferentiation and breaks up, and after grafting, healing is fast, surviving rate height, take out send out fast; Moreover the rubber tree seedling year fluffy leaf of pumping 5��7 of non-branch, the aged tree year fluffy leaf of pumping 2, tender tip grafting need not wait that scion is aging, and therefore scion is in liberal supply. And adopting corresponding cortex grafting method grafting, cortex grafting had both been conducive to young tender scion grafting to operate, and had again the advantage that surviving rate is high. And, select the upright branch that growth potential in canopy is strong and bud sheet vegetative point is easily peeled off to make bud grafting fringe bar.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is realized by following technical scheme:
A kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings, its step is as follows:
1. bud grafting Culturing maternal plant: choose the healthy growth state that is in, without the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding of disease and pest for scion-seed tree, collection tree crown top faces south, 3��13 monthly age upright branches of robust growth, select the raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade as scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud). Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.6��2.0cm grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling (but be in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize). The bud sheet of 5��7cm is cut during grafting, application budding method by bud sheet bud grafting, on rootstock seedling, (cultivate in propagation ground, nursery by general rootstock seedling, if weather is arid especially, for promoting form layers growth, it is easy to peeling, within before bud grafting 5��7 days, waters), within after bud grafting 3��5 days, water (avoiding polluting the not tight bud grafting position of wrapping), bud grafting saws anvil after surviving, and then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
Described above the average age for marriage breeding tree refers to that the age of tree is more than 20 years, and the stem at 1.5m place encloses more than 70cm, and the 3rd face of cutting that entered is cut regenerated bark and adopted glue, it is possible to keep the Jiao Shu of prosperous product.
The upright branch gathered on described scion-seed tree refers to that top leaf is fluffy and stablizes aging, or terminal bud sprouts, extends the branch to leaf stretching period.
When opening bud grafting mouth, only staying the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5��2.0cm length, in order to folding up bud sheet, finishing bud sheet upper end, abdomen capsule skin need not be cut after tying up by solution.
2. tender tip grafting: budder survival and growth after 2 months, the tender tip of bud grafting seedling being in the phase of sprouting and leaf stretching period gathering grafting survival first is that scion carries out second time grafting, grafting adopts indoor cortex grafting method to carry out, room temp 32��35 DEG C, relative air humidity 60��70% (control temperature and humidity can reduce anvil fringe row's glue to a certain extent). Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of the 0.4��1.4cm nutritional bag that grows directly from seeds (is in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize, wherein, stationary phase, the tender tip of 2��10cm length was all best grafting period to just extracting out, and guarantee that rootstock seedling moisture is sufficient), grafting height distance ground is less than or equals 10cm, namely lancinates glue face bottommost lower than sun.
As improving further and supplementing tender tip grafting step, the present invention also comprises following advantageous measure: cultivate 30��55 days after stock carries out saw anvil, after bud grafting seedling sprouts, during 7��October then and 4��May of next year, in propagation ground, nursery, select the excellent maternal plant of anosis worm harm and the robust growth cultivated, take bud grafting coppice shoot and carry out grafting. Cut and get when not opening up leaf and the tender tip of little Gu copper phase does scion, the annual stock of deficiency is cut off at highly about 7��10cm place, then by scion grafting on it.
The operating process of described cortex grafting method is: 1) cut stock, and above grafting position, stock is cut or sawed disconnected by 0.1��0.2cm place, needs the position of grafting to be chosen out from xylem by phloem with medical surgical knife point of a knife in stock; 2) scion is cut, first base portion, main for the scion bud back side is whittled into long 1.5��2.0cm horse ear shape length and cuts face, again most advanced and sophisticated for the opposite little tangent plane being whittled into length and being less than 0.3cm, make below scion in flat wedge, it is convenient to then respectively cut a cutter gently in wedge both sides, a little cortex above removing to stock insertion, the degree of depth reaches phloem, makes it to expose form layers; 3) grafting fringe and bondage, inserting between phloem and xylem by the scion cut, cut face to length and no longer expose to stock cross section, submerge stock cortex in the short face of cutting, scion is plugged and inserts firmly, and tie up with the nylon rope being torn into wide 0.2cm slice, come from tied rope head more than first when pricking rope, it is wound around successively from bottom to top from interface, winding should be even, when being wound into the stock end, return remainder and it is wound to below interface, prick rope with former bundle rope remainder from pricking.
3. managing after grafting: Seedling bag is put on indoor sand bed with two-row or three row's formulas after completing by grafting, the husky wide 60cm of bed, then watering, (watering should be light, prevent water droplet from flowing into interface), in Seedling bag, soil moisture content is 20��25%, relative humidity in greenhouse controls (to close window to seal with moisturizing between 85��90%, this humidity is the most favourable to calli induction, scion dehydration is not only avoided to wilt, also stop interface go rotten and scion dead because lack of air suffocates, it is possible to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture). 5��7d ventilation after grafting, namely window opens some small gap, prevent scion mouldy, window gap is increased after 7d, the cooling of 10��15d rear venting, wet down, separate rope after 25��30 days, in order to allow Graft fast-growth, surviving Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutritive medium waters once, should be mended immediately by the nursery stock not survived and connect.
Described greenhouse optimal temperature is 25��30 DEG C, has both been conducive to graft to produce more callus sooner, is most suitable for again Graft and carries out photosynthesis.
So-called childrenization nursery, makes reproductive material keep and reply the technology nursery of childrenization state exactly.
The positively effect of the present invention is:
Owing to the asexual multiplication ability of rubber tree increased and decline along with the age of trees and branch, it is that 3��13 monthly age upright branches green, that growing way is strong carry out bud grafting cultivation maternal plant as scion that the present invention selects the age light, more, not only bud grafting surviving rate height, and bud sheet germinating energy is strong, sprouting is fast; The tender tip of maternal plant little, energetic taking the age, that growing way is prosperous is as scion again, indoor cortex grafting method is utilized to carry out grafting childrenization, not only can improve graft survival rate, and obviously accelerate new growth increment rate of change, successfully achieve the childrenization of paragutta select tree material, can effectively avoid resistance and high-yielding rubber select tree inflorescence and gather difficulty with children fruit, flower pesticide, unburnt pulverized and children's fruit low problem of inner integument charge stripping efficiency, simultaneously for the later stage choiceness of rubber tree breeding measures and improved variety popularization work carry out smoothly provide guarantee.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail. Following examples are for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Indoor cortex grafting method of the present invention is: 1) cutting stock, above grafting position, stock is cut or sawed disconnected by 0.1��0.2cm place, needs the position of grafting to be chosen out from xylem by phloem with medical surgical knife point of a knife in stock; 2) scion is cut, first base portion, main for the scion bud back side is whittled into long 1.5��2.0cm horse ear shape length and cuts face, again most advanced and sophisticated for the opposite little tangent plane being whittled into length and being less than 0.3cm, make below scion in flat wedge, it is convenient to then respectively cut a cutter gently in wedge both sides, a little cortex above removing to stock insertion, the degree of depth reaches phloem, makes it to expose form layers; 3) grafting fringe and bondage, inserting between phloem and xylem by the scion cut, cut face to length and no longer expose to stock cross section, submerge stock cortex in the short face of cutting, scion is plugged and inserts firmly, and tie up with the nylon rope being torn into wide 0.2cm slice, come from tied rope head more than first when pricking rope, it is wound around successively from bottom to top from interface, winding should be even, when being wound into the stock end, return remainder and it is wound to below interface, prick rope with former bundle rope remainder from pricking.
One, tender tip grafting childrenization nursery
Embodiment one
1. bud grafting Culturing maternal plant: within 2014, choose 1992 plantation sexual system, be in healthy growth state, without disease and pest the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding be scion-seed tree, the age of tree more than 22 years, the stem at 1.5m place encloses 83cm, and the 3rd face of cutting that entered is cut regenerated bark and adopted glue. Gather tree crown top on the sunny side, 3��6 monthly age upright branches of robust growth, top leaf is fluffy to be stablized aging, or terminal bud is sprouted, the branch that extends to leaf stretching period all can cut. The raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade is selected on budling to be scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud). Trunk form layers starts activity and from grafting during skin, can apply budding method in May, 2014 and carry out grafting. Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.6��1.4cm grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling (be in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize). Cutting the bud sheet 200 of 5��7cm, bud grafting is in the ground, propagation nursery that rootstock seedling cultivates. If weather is arid especially, for promoting form layers growth, it is easy to peeling, within before bud grafting 5��7 days, waters, within after bud grafting 3��5 days, water, avoid polluting the not tight bud grafting position of wrapping. When opening bud grafting mouth, only staying the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm length, in order to folding up bud sheet, finishing bud sheet upper end, adopts thickness to be 0.4mm when bud grafting at bud grafting position, and width is that the plastics film band of 2.5cm carries out twining and ties up fixing, is usually wound around 6��8 and encloses. Bud grafting survives latter 1 month saw anvil, then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip grafting: cultivate 30��35 days after stock is carried out saw anvil, after bud grafting seedling sprouts, in August, 2014,150, the tender tip of the bud grafting seedling being in the phase of sprouting and leaf stretching period gathering grafting survival first carries out second time grafting for scion, indoor cortex grafting method is adopted to carry out, room temp 32��35 DEG C, relative air humidity 70%. Grafting height distance ground is less than or equals 10cm, namely lancinate glue face bottommost lower than sun, stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of the 0.4��1.4cm nutritional bag that grows directly from seeds (is in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize, and pour water in advance, make rootstock seedling moisture sufficient, it is easy to from skin).
3. managing after grafting: Seedling bag is put on indoor sand bed with two-row or three row's formulas after completing by grafting, the husky wide 60cm of bed, then waters, in Seedling bag, soil moisture content is 20��25%, watering should be light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, closes window and seals with moisturizing, relative humidity in greenhouse controls between 85��90%, calli induction is the most favourable, not only avoid scion dehydration to wilt, also stop going rotten of interface, scion is dead because lack of air suffocates, it is possible to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture. Described greenhouse optimal temperature is 25��30 DEG C, has both been conducive to graft to produce more callus sooner, is most suitable for again Graft and carries out photosynthesis. 5��7d ventilation after grafting, namely window opens some small gap, prevent scion mouldy, window gap is increased after 7d, the cooling of 10��15d rear venting, wet down, separate rope after 25��30 days, in order to allow Graft fast-growth, surviving Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutritive medium waters once, should be mended immediately by the nursery stock not survived and connect.
Embodiment two
1. bud grafting Culturing maternal plant: within 2014, choose 1989 plantation sexual system, be in healthy growth state, without disease and pest the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding be scion-seed tree, the age of tree more than 25 years, the stem at 1.5m place encloses more than 87cm, and the 3rd face of cutting that entered is cut regenerated bark and adopted glue. Gather tree crown top on the sunny side, 7��9 monthly age upright branches of robust growth, top leaf is fluffy to be stablized aging, or terminal bud is sprouted, the branch that extends to leaf stretching period all can cut. The raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade is selected to be scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud). Trunk form layers starts activity and from grafting during skin, can apply budding method in September, 2014 and carry out grafting. Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 1.5��1.7cm grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling (be in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize). Cutting the bud sheet 200 of 5��7cm, bud grafting is in the ground, propagation nursery that rootstock seedling cultivates. If weather is arid especially, for promoting form layers growth, it is easy to peeling, within before bud grafting 5��7 days, waters, within after bud grafting 3��5 days, water, avoid polluting the not tight bud grafting position of wrapping. When opening bud grafting mouth, only staying the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm length, in order to folding up bud sheet, finishing bud sheet upper end, adopts thickness to be 0.4mm when bud grafting at bud grafting position, and width is that the plastics film band of 2.5cm carries out twining and ties up fixing, is usually wound around 6��8 and encloses. Anvil is not sawed in bud grafting after surviving, then carry out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip grafting: in mid-March, 2015 stock is carried out saw anvil, then 45��55 days are cultivated, after bud grafting seedling sprouts, in May, 2015, in propagation ground, nursery, select the excellent maternal plant of anosis worm harm and the robust growth cultivated, take bud grafting coppice shoot 150 and carry out grafting. Grafting adopts indoor cortex grafting method to carry out, room temp 32��35 DEG C, relative air humidity 60%. Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.4��1.4cm grows directly from seeds that (being in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize nutritional bag, and pours water in advance, makes rootstock seedling moisture sufficient, it is easy to from skin; Wherein, stationary phase is to the most applicable grafting of stock just extracting the tender tip of 2��3cm length out). Cut and get when not opening up leaf and the tender tip of little Gu copper phase does 100, scion, the annual stock of deficiency is cut off at highly about 7��10cm place, then by scion grafting on it.
3. managing after grafting: Seedling bag is put on indoor sand bed with two-row after completing by grafting, the husky wide 60cm of bed, then waters, in Seedling bag, soil moisture content is 20��25%, watering should be light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, closes window and seals with moisturizing, relative humidity in greenhouse controls between 85��90%, calli induction is the most favourable, not only avoid scion dehydration to wilt, also stop going rotten of interface, scion is dead because lack of air suffocates, it is possible to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture. Described greenhouse optimal temperature is 26��27 DEG C, had both been conducive to graft to produce more callus sooner, and had been beneficial to again Graft vigorous growth most. 5��7d ventilation after grafting, namely window opens some small gap, prevent scion mouldy, window gap is increased after 7d, the cooling of 10��15d rear venting, wet down, separate rope after 28��29 days, in order to allow Graft fast-growth, surviving Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutritive medium waters once, should be mended immediately by the nursery stock not survived and connect.
Embodiment three
1. bud grafting Culturing maternal plant: within 2014, choose 1987 plantation sexual system, be in healthy growth state, without disease and pest the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding be scion-seed tree, the age of tree more than 27 years, the stem at 1.5m place encloses more than 92cm, and the 3rd face of cutting that entered is cut regenerated bark and adopted glue. Collection tree crown top faces south, 12��13 monthly age upright branches of robust growth, top leaf is fluffy stablize aging, or the branch that terminal bud sprouts, extend to leaf stretching period all can cut, the raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade is selected to be scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud). Trunk form layers starts activity can from grafting during skin. Apply budding method in July, 2014 and carry out grafting. Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 1.8��2.0cm grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling (be in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize). Cutting the bud sheet 200 of 5��7cm, bud grafting is in the ground, propagation nursery that rootstock seedling cultivates. If weather is arid especially, for promoting form layers growth, it is easy to peeling, within before bud grafting 5��7 days, waters, within after bud grafting 3��5 days, water, avoid polluting the not tight bud grafting position of wrapping. When opening bud grafting mouth, only staying the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm length, in order to folding up bud sheet, finishing bud sheet upper end, adopts thickness to be 0.4mm when bud grafting at bud grafting position, and width is that the plastics film band of 2.5cm carries out twining and ties up fixing, is usually wound around 6��8 and encloses. Bud grafting survives latter one month saw anvil, then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip grafting childrenization nursery: cultivate 35��45 days after stock carries out saw anvil, after bud grafting seedling sprouts, September then, selects the excellent maternal plant of anosis worm harm and the robust growth cultivated in propagation ground, nursery, takes bud grafting coppice shoot 150 and carry out grafting. Grafting adopts indoor cortex grafting method to carry out, room temp 32��35 DEG C, relative air humidity 65%. Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.4��1.4cm grows directly from seeds that (being in the stock not easily peeling of variable color phase, should not select, the stock in all the other phenological periods all can utilize nutritional bag, and pours water in advance, makes rootstock seedling moisture sufficient, it is easy to from skin; Wherein, when the fluffy leaf in stock top is in stationary phase to during the firm tender tip of extraction 5��10cm length being best grafting period). Cut and get when not opening up leaf and the tender tip of little Gu copper phase does 100, scion, the annual stock of deficiency is cut off at highly about 7��10cm place, then by scion grafting on it.
3. managing after grafting: Seedling bag is put on indoor sand bed with three row's formulas after completing by grafting, the husky wide 60cm of bed, then waters, in Seedling bag, soil moisture content is 20��25%, watering should be light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, closes window and seals with moisturizing, relative humidity in greenhouse controls between 85��90%, calli induction is the most favourable, not only avoid scion dehydration to wilt, also stop going rotten of interface, scion is dead because lack of air suffocates, it is possible to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture. Described greenhouse optimal temperature is 28��30 DEG C, has both been conducive to graft to produce more callus sooner, is most suitable for again Graft and carries out photosynthesis temperature. 5��7d ventilation after grafting, namely window opens some small gap, prevent scion mouldy, window gap is increased after 7d, the cooling of 10��15d rear venting, wet down, separate rope after 25��27 days, in order to allow Graft fast-growth, surviving Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutritive medium waters once, should be mended immediately by the nursery stock not survived and connect.
Two, tender tip grafting childrenization effect qualification
1. the nursery effect qualification of upright branches and leaves bud:
For identifying the nursery effect of upright branches and leaves bud, the bud grafting nursery situation of the upright branches and leaves bud of rubber select tree of above-described embodiment being observed, statistics bud grafting strain number, bud grafting survive strain number, calculate bud grafting surviving rate, the results are shown in Table 1.
The bud grafting nursery situation of the upright branches and leaves bud of table 1 rubber select tree
| Project | Bud grafting strain number/strain | Survive strain number/strain | Bud grafting surviving rate/% |
| Embodiment one | 200 | 191 | 95.5 |
| Embodiment two | 200 | 193 | 96.5 |
| Embodiment three | 200 | 190 | 95.0 |
Above-mentioned bud grafting result shows, compared with the bud grafting surviving rate of conventional bud sheet about 90%, the tree crown top that the present invention utilizes resistance and high-yielding above the average age for marriage breeding tree on the sunny side, on 3��13 monthly age upright branches of robust growth the raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade carry out ortet rejuvenation cultivation as bud grafting scion, there is higher bud grafting surviving rate, variance analysis shows, the bud grafting surviving rate of the present invention is significantly higher than the value (P < 0.05) of conventional bud sheet.
2. fringe is identified with tender tip childrenization nursery effect:
For qualification fringe is with tender tip childrenization nursery effect, the rejuvenation bud grafting maternal plant tender tip childrenization graft seedling growth situation of above-described embodiment being observed, statistics grafting strain number, grafting survival strain number, calculate graft survival rate, the results are shown in Table 2.
The childrenization graft seedling growth situation of the tender tip of table 2 bud grafting maternal plant
| Project | Grafting strain number/strain | Survive strain number/strain | Graft survival rate/% |
| Embodiment one | 150 | 144 | 96.0 |
| Embodiment two | 150 | 146 | 97.3 |
| Embodiment three | 150 | 143 | 95.3 |
Above-mentioned childrenization grafting result shows, compared with the bud grafting surviving rate of the conventional bud sheet about 90% of non-rejuvenation, the present invention utilizes the tender tip that the age on the maternal plant of Culturing is little, energetic, growing way is prosperous to carry out grafting childrenization nursery, there is higher graft survival rate, variance analysis shows, the graft survival rate of the present invention is significantly higher than the value (P < 0.05) of the conventional bud sheet of non-rejuvenation.
3. the growth qualification of tender tip childrenization Graft:
For investigating its growth perfonnance, by the childrenization transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops that tender tip grafting is bred as. Grown in field test adopts the design of paired method, taking conventional bud grafting seedling as comparison. The seedling number of depositing that seedling is reached the test site of more than a year age by annual late December carries out all-round statistics, and measure rubber seedling stem and enclose once, cut until opening, measurement site is 1m place above bud grafting point, first add up the thick amount of increasing in its year, obtain uniformity coefficient then again, then calculate survival rate of seedlings according to depositing seedling number and transplant basic seedling amount. The results are shown in Table 3.
Growing state after table 3 tender tip childrenization Graft field planting
| Type | Thick amount/cm the strain of average annual increasing-1 | Uniformity coefficient/% | Survival rate of seedlings/% |
| Conventional bud grafting seedling | 3.8 | 72 | 90.2 |
| Tender tip childrenization Graft | 4.5 | 87 | 95.3 |
The variance analysis of growth test result shows, the average annual increasing of 2 kinds of Grafts is slightly measured, the big field planting seedling of uniformity coefficient, seedling rate three is considered indicator difference and all reached significance level (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is noted that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that, its step is as follows:
(1) bud grafting Culturing maternal plant: choose the healthy growth state that is in, without the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding of disease and pest for scion-seed tree, gather tree crown top on the sunny side, 3��13 monthly age upright branches of robust growth, select the raw leaf bud that eye is big and full in the axil of Ye Pengzhong, lower blade as scion; Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.6��2.0cm grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling; Cutting the bud sheet of 5��7cm during grafting, bud sheet bud grafting on rootstock seedling, is watered by application budding method for after bud grafting 3��5 days, and bud grafting saws anvil after surviving, and then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management;
(2) tender tip grafting: budder survival and growth after 2 months, the tender tip of bud grafting seedling being in the phase of sprouting and leaf stretching period gathering grafting survival first is that scion carries out second time grafting, grafting adopts indoor cortex grafting method to carry out, room temp 32��35 DEG C, relative air humidity 60��70%; Stock adopts diameter to be that the GT1 clone seed of 0.4��1.4cm grows directly from seeds nutritional bag, and grafting height distance ground is less than or equals 10cm, namely lancinates glue face bottommost lower than sun;
The operating process of described cortex grafting method is: 1) cut stock, and above grafting position, stock is cut or sawed disconnected by 0.1��0.2cm place, needs the position of grafting to be chosen out from xylem by phloem with medical surgical knife point of a knife in stock; 2) scion is cut, first base portion, main for the scion bud back side is whittled into long 1.5��2.0cm horse ear shape length and cuts face, again most advanced and sophisticated for the opposite little tangent plane being whittled into length and being less than 0.3cm, make below scion in flat wedge, it is convenient to then respectively cut a cutter gently in wedge both sides, a little cortex above removing to stock insertion, the degree of depth reaches phloem, makes it to expose form layers; 3) grafting fringe and bondage, inserting between phloem and xylem by the scion cut, cut face to length and no longer expose to stock cross section, submerge stock cortex in the short face of cutting, scion is plugged and inserts firmly, and tie up with the nylon rope being torn into wide 0.2cm slice, come from tied rope head more than first when pricking rope, it is wound around successively from bottom to top from interface, winding should be even, when being wound into the stock end, return remainder and it is wound to below interface, prick rope with former bundle rope remainder from pricking;
(3) managing after grafting: Seedling bag is put on indoor sand bed with two-row or three row's formulas after completing by grafting, the husky wide 60cm of bed, then waters, and in Seedling bag, soil moisture content is 20��25%, and the relative humidity in greenhouse controls between 85��90%; 5��7d ventilation after grafting, namely window opens some small gap, prevent scion mouldy, window gap is increased after 7d, the cooling of 10��15d rear venting, wet down, separate rope after 25��30 days, in order to allow Graft fast-growth, surviving Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutritive medium waters once, should be mended immediately by the nursery stock not survived and connect.
2. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described above the average age for marriage breeding tree refers to that the age of tree is more than 20 years, and the stem at 1.5m place encloses more than 70cm, and the 3rd face of cutting that entered is cut regenerated bark and adopted glue, it is possible to keep the Jiao Shu of prosperous product.
3. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the upright branch gathered on described scion-seed tree refers to that top leaf is fluffy and stablizes aging, or terminal bud sprouts, extends the branch to leaf stretching period.
4. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3) the temperature in greenhouse be 25��30 DEG C.
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| CN107347557A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-17 | 西双版纳丽欣农业科技有限责任公司 | Rubber tree budling nursery is bred and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing |
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| CN114190179A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-18 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for improving bud grafting survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings |
| CN114190179B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-02-24 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for improving bud grafting survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings |
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