CN114190179B - Method for improving bud grafting survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings - Google Patents
Method for improving bud grafting survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and sowing rootstock seeds; (2) carrying out tube stroking on the bud strips and selecting bud slices; (3) carrying out bud grafting to obtain bud-grafted seedlings; and (4) tending the bud grafting seedlings obtained in the step (3). The method provided by the invention can improve the survival rate and the sound seedling rate of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings, enhance the competitiveness of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting in the seedling raising production, and give full play to the technical advantages of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting, thereby achieving the purposes of high seedling raising efficiency, low cost, good seedling quality, and being friendly to both a seedling raising supplier and a gum planting supplier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings.
Background
Compared with the traditional rubber tree bud grafting technology, the rubber tree seedling bud grafting technology is characterized in that the rubber tree seedling bud grafting technology is carried out in advance on the basis of rubber tree seed nutrients, namely, after seeding, the seedling is subjected to indoor bud grafting before the seedling grows to the point that small leaves are not fully unfolded, the growing period of a stock is shortened, the seedling growing period of the bud grafting seedling is further shortened, and a miniaturized seedling is obtained. With the continuous low price of rubber, the continuous rising of labor cost and the continuous promotion of the construction of the self-trade harbor in Hainan, the rubber planting area in Hainan increasingly feels the pressure of the continuous rising of seedling raising cost, and the seedling raising mode and the seedling raising quality need to be changed urgently. However, in actual cultivation, the survival rate of bud grafting is low in the process of bud grafting seedling raising of the seedlings, seeds, bud pieces and the like are wasted due to low survival rate of bud grafting, the working enthusiasm of bud grafting workers is struck, and subsequent management workers (such as pulling out non-bud grafting survival plants when arranging seedlings, carrying out centralized management on bud grafting survival again and the like) are increased, so that the seedling raising cost is increased; in addition, the tube-stroking measures cannot follow up after budding, so that the nursery stock quality is weak when the nursery is out of nursery, and further, the purchase willingness of a gum planting unit and a gum farmer is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, selecting rootstock seeds: selecting fresh seeds collected within 3 days after falling from the rubber trees;
b, sowing comprises the following steps: b, sterilizing the stock seeds selected in the step a, and then performing side sowing;
(2) And (3) carrying out sprout streak tube stroking and sprout piece selection:
the bud strip tending and packaging pipe comprises: selecting a single-stem upright rubber bud grafting seedling which is rejuvenated and grows to 6 fluffy leaves as a bud strip;
selecting bud slices to be budded: selecting bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron florus leaves and stems in the middle of the bud strips as bud slices to be bud grafted;
(3) Bud grafting: when the rootstock seeds laterally sowed in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; a bud interface is opened 1-2cm above the stem base of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the stem circumference, bud pieces to be bud grafted, which are obtained in the step (2), are inserted, and are bound by a grafting film, so that bud seedlings are obtained;
(4) Tending the grafted seedling obtained in the step (3), and comprising the following steps: spraying water to the roots of the bud seedlings every 2-3 days after bud grafting, spraying a leaf fertilizer when the phenological conditions at the tops of the bud seedlings are in the sprouting-small bronze stage without touching water at other parts, and then applying a compound fertilizer to the roots for 7-10 days.
Further, the moisture content of the rootstock seeds is kept above 40wt% during sowing.
Further, the sterilization treatment is to sterilize the stock seeds for 3 to 5 minutes by using 0.05 to 0.1 weight percent potassium permanganate solution.
Further, the rejuvenation treatment specifically comprises: and (3) taking the rubber tree buds to bud on the strong seedling stock, and culturing the buds into bud seedlings after the buds survive.
Further, the rejuvenation treatment is continuous rejuvenation treatment for 3 times, and the specific operations are as follows: taking rubber tree buds to bud on a robust seedling stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 1, carrying out secondary bud grafting on the robust seedling stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 2, carrying out tertiary bud grafting on the robust seedling stock, and cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives to obtain the rejuvenated buds.
Further, in the step (2), the rejuvenated bud seedlings are kept to be sprayed with water twice a week and sprayed with water and fertilizer once every 45 days.
Further, the compound fertilizer water fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 3:0.5, and the content of N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: p: the mass ratio of K is 15:15:15.
further, in the step (1), the rootstock seeds are sowed on a pure coconut husk seedling bed in a side sowing mode, and after the side sowing is finished, the rootstock seeds are covered with coconut husks, and the covering thickness is 3 times of the height of the seeds or 2 times of the width of the seeds.
Further, in the step (4), 75% -80% of shading is kept before the phenological period of the bud seedlings leaves is in the color-changing period, and after the compound fertilizer is applied to the roots, 9% of shading is kept in the morning of sunny days or cloudy days: 00-afternoon 5:00 keeps 65% -75% of shading.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the method increases the width of the base part of the stock by optimizing the stock seeds and properly and deeply sowing, enlarges the contact area between the stock and the scion during grafting, and is beneficial to the bud grafting operation and the bud grafting survival rate; the seedling stock is used for rejuvenating the buds, the juvenile state characters of the buds are recovered, so that the bud grafting survival rate is improved, the labor for seedling bud grafting is reduced, corresponding water and fertilizer illumination is performed according to the leaf phenological law to improve the seedling bud grafting seedling strengthening rate, the competitiveness of seedling bud grafting in rubber tree seedling production is enhanced, the technical advantages of rubber tree seedling bud grafting are fully exerted, and the purposes of high seedling breeding efficiency, low cost, good seedling quality, friendly benefit to seedling breeding suppliers and gum planting suppliers are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the length, width and height of a rubber seed in a side sowing and lying state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the length, width and height of the rubber seeds for side sowing and lying down.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the following examples, the first-stage seedling, the second-stage seedling and the third-stage seedling of the seedling bud grafting in GB/T17822.2-2009 rubber Tree seedling are respectively the stem thickness of the grafting (10 cm above the bud grafting mouth) of not less than 0.6cm, not less than 0.5cm and not less than 0.4cm within a seedling growing period of not more than 8 months, and the strong seedling rate indicates the proportion of the first-stage seedling in the cultured seedling bud grafting.
Example 1
A batch of rubber tree seedling buds are inoculated in 10 months in 2016, and the rubber tree seedlings are planted in a seedling raising cylinder (the cylinder height is 37cm, the upper opening diameter is 6cm, and the lower opening diameter is 1.8 cm) after being inoculated for 7 months, wherein the growth conditions are shown in the table 1. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, rootstock seed selection: selecting fresh seeds, namely seeds collected within 3 days after falling from the rubber trees, respectively storing the seeds indoors for 1 hour, 3 days and 7 days, and then sowing the seeds;
b, sowing: the rubber seeds were sterilized with 0.05wt% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes before sowing, then side-sown (ensuring that the seed germination holes were sideways, the seeds were lying sideways, as shown in fig. 1) on a clean, contaminant-free sand bed without pathogenic bacteria, the depth of the sand bed was 20cm, and after sowing, the sand bed was covered with river sand, the thickness of the covering was 2 times the width of the seeds (fig. 1).
(2) And (3) carrying out tube stroking on bud strips and selecting bud sheets:
a, carrying out bud strip tending: the bud strips are single-stem upright rubber bud seedlings which are taken from a rainproof, windproof and shading greenhouse and grow to 6 tent leaves after 3 times of rejuvenation, the bud seedlings are kept drenched twice per week, and water and fertilizer are drenched every 45 days (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15. The rejuvenation comprises the following specific operations: taking buds of an original seed garden, carrying out bud grafting on robust 12-month-old stocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking buds from the bud-grafted seedlings 1, carrying out second bud grafting on the robust 12-month-old stocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking buds from the bud-grafted seedlings 2, carrying out third bud grafting on the robust 12-month-old stocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives, wherein the bud-grafted seedlings 3 are sources of bud seedlings of the bud-grafted seedlings of the seed seedlings.
b, selecting bud slices: and (3) taking the bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron leaf stems in the middle of the bud grafting seedling 3 as bud slices to be bud grafted, wherein the bud slices have large eyes.
(3) Budding: when the rootstock seeds laterally sowed in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; and (3) opening a bud interface 1-2cm above the stem base of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, wherein the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the periphery of the stem, inserting the bud slice to be bud grafted obtained in the step (2), and binding the bud slice with a grafting film to obtain the bud seedling.
(4) And (3) carrying out tube stroking after budding: spraying the roots of the bud seedlings with small water every 2-3 days after bud grafting, wherein other parts do not touch water, and keeping 75% -80% of shading before the phenological period of the bud seedlings is in the color-changing period; when the phenological climate at the top end of the bud grafting seedling is in the sprouting-small bronze period, spraying a leaf fertilizer (a salifying leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer diluted by 1000-1200 times) for 1-2 times, then applying 1% of a compound fertilizer water fertilizer (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15: 00-afternoon 5:00 keeping 65% -75% of shading, and when the user meets continuous cloudy days for 3 days, needing to put up a shading net.
TABLE 1 Effect of different sowing times on the growth of rubber Tree sprouts
Note: data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, repeated 6 times, 30 strains per repeat.
As can be seen from Table 1, the water content of the seeds gradually decreases with the increase of the sowing time, the corresponding bud grafting survival rate of the seeds as the stocks after the seeds germinate gradually decreases, the scion stem thickness of the seedling bud grafting seedlings gradually becomes thinner, the height of the scion gradually becomes shorter and the seedling strengthening rate also gradually decreases when the seedlings grow to 2 fluffy leaves after the bud grafting survival, and the results show that different sowing times have great influence on the growth of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting.
Example 2
A batch of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings are bud grafted in 11 months in 2017, and after the bud grafting, the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings are planted in a porous root control container (with the height of 40cm and the diameter of 20 cm) and cultured for 7 months, and the growth conditions are shown in the table 2. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, selecting rootstock seeds: selecting fresh seeds, wherein the seeds are sown within 1 hour after the seeds collected within 3 days of dropping from the rubber trees are collected, and the water content of the seeds is 41.09-43.12 wt% during sowing;
b, sowing: the rubber seeds were sterilized with 0.1wt% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes before sowing, then side-sown (ensuring that the seed germination holes were sideways, the seeds were lying sideways, as shown in fig. 1) on a clean, contaminant-free sand bed without pathogenic bacteria, the depth of the sand bed was 30cm, and after sowing, the sand bed was covered with river sand, the thickness of the covering was 2 times the width of the seeds (fig. 1).
(2) And (3) carrying out tube stroking on bud strips and selecting bud sheets:
a, carrying out bud strip tending: the buds used in the experimental group 1 are single-stem upright rubber bud seedlings which are taken from a rainproof, windproof and shading greenhouse and grow to 6 fluffy leaves after 3 times of rejuvenation, the bud seedlings are kept to be sprayed with water twice every week, and water and fertilizer (N: P: K mass ratio is 15. The rejuvenation comprises the following specific operations: taking buds of an original seed garden, carrying out bud grafting on robust 12-month-old rootstocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking buds from the bud-grafted seedlings 1, carrying out second bud grafting on the robust 12-month-old rootstocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking buds from the bud-grafted seedlings 2, carrying out third bud grafting on the robust seedling rootstocks, cultivating the buds into bud-grafted seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives, wherein the bud-grafted seedlings 3 are the bud source of the bud-grafted seedlings of the seed seedlings.
b, selecting bud slices: and (3) taking the bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron leaf stems in the middle of the bud grafting seedling 3 as bud slices to be bud grafted, wherein the bud slices have large eyes.
(3) Bud grafting: when the rootstock seeds laterally sowed in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; and (3) opening a bud interface 1-2cm above the stem base of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, wherein the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the periphery of the stem, inserting the bud slice to be bud grafted obtained in the step (2), and binding the bud slice with a grafting film to obtain the bud seedling.
(4) And (3) carrying out tube stroking after budding: spraying the roots of the bud seedlings with small water every 2-3 days after bud grafting, wherein other parts do not touch water, and keeping 75% -80% of shading before the phenological period of the bud seedlings is in the color-changing period; when the phenological climate at the top end of the budded seedling is in the period from budding to small bronze, spraying leaf fertilizer (a sea-essence leaf surface water soluble fertilizer is diluted by 1000-1200 times) for 1-2 times, then applying 1% of compound fertilizer water fertilizer (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15: 00-5 in the afternoon: 00 keeping 65% -75% of shading, and collecting shading net when meeting continuous 3 days of shading.
TABLE 2 Effect of shoot rejuvenation on the growth of rubber Tree sprouts
Note: data in the table are mean ± sd, 6 replicates of 30 strains per replicate.
As can be seen from table 2, the bud sheet on the rejuvenated bud shoot has a bud grafting survival rate 73.63% higher than that of the non-rejuvenated bud, a seedling strengthening rate 39.37% when the bud seedling grows to 2 grasses after survival, a seedling strengthening rate of 0% lower than that of the non-rejuvenated bud, a rejuvenated scion angle (small, indicating good uprightness), a thick scion stem, and a height of the scion plant respectively 26.52% lower, 30.43% thicker, and 15.42% higher than that of the non-rejuvenated bud sheet, which indicates that the bud sheet rejuvenation has a great influence on the growth of the rubber tree seedling bud seedling.
Example 3
A batch of rubber tree seedling bud seedlings are bud-grafted in 11 months in 2018, and the growth conditions after the bud grafting are planted in a square-mouth hard PP nutrition pot (height 33cm and diameter 9 cm) and cultured for 7 months are shown in the table 3. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, selecting rootstock seeds: selecting fresh seeds, wherein the seeds are collected within 3 days after the seeds fall from the rubber trees, and the water content of the seeds is 43.88-48.02 wt%;
b, sowing: the rubber seeds are sterilized by 0.05wt% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes before sowing, then the rubber seeds are sowed on the side (ensuring that the germination holes of the seeds face to the side and the seeds lie flat as shown in figure 2) on a pure coconut husk seedling bed sterilized at high temperature, the coconut husk depth is 20cm, the coconut husk is covered after sowing, the thickness of the covering of the experimental group 1 is 3 times of the height of the seeds, and the conventional sowing covering of the experimental group 2 is that the seed back is slightly exposed.
(2) And (3) carrying out sprout streak tube stroking and sprout piece selection:
a, carrying out bud strip tending: the bud strips are single-stem upright rubber bud seedlings which are taken from a rainproof, windproof and shading greenhouse and grow to 6 fluffy leaves after 3 times of rejuvenation, and the bud seedlings are kept to be sprayed with water twice every week and sprayed with water and fertilizer once every 45 days. The rejuvenation comprises the following specific operations: taking buds of an original seed garden, carrying out bud grafting on robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 1, carrying out second bud grafting on the robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 2, carrying out third bud grafting on the robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives, wherein the bud grafting seedlings 3 are the bud seedling sources of the bud grafting seedlings of the seed seedlings.
b, selecting bud slices: and (3) taking the bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron leaf stems in the middle of the bud grafting seedling 3 as bud slices to be bud grafted, wherein the bud slices have large eyes.
(3) Bud grafting: when the rootstock seeds laterally sowed in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; and (3) opening a bud interface 1-2cm above the stem base part of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, wherein the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the stem circumference, inserting the bud slices to be bud grafted obtained in the step (2), and binding the bud slices with a grafting film to obtain the bud grafted seedling.
(4) And (3) carrying out tube stroking after budding: spraying the roots of the bud seedlings with small water every 2-3 days after bud grafting, wherein other parts do not touch water, and keeping 75% -80% of shading before the phenological period of the bud seedlings is in the color-changing period; when the phenological climate at the top end of the bud grafting seedling is in the sprouting period to the small bronze period, spraying a leaf fertilizer (a sea-weed-Ling leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer diluted by 1000-1200 times) for 1-2 times, then applying 1% of a compound fertilizer water fertilizer (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15: 00-5 in the afternoon: 00 keeping 65% -75% of the shady shade, and collecting the shady shade net when meeting the continuous cloudy day for 3 days.
TABLE 3 influence of coverage thickness on growth of rubber tree seedlings by budding
Note: data in the table are mean ± sd, 3 replicates per 100 replicates.
As can be seen from table 3, when the covering thickness is 3 times of the height of the seeds during sowing, compared with the conventional operation of slightly exposing the seed back, the survival rate of the bud grafting is improved by 42.60%, when the bud grafting grows to 2 fluffy leaves after survival, the stem thickness of the rootstock is increased by 40.03%, and the stem thickness of the scion is increased by 30.95%. The height of the scion plant is increased by 52.83 percent, and the strong seedling rate is increased by 337 percent, which shows that the coverage thickness has great influence on the growth of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings during sowing.
Example 4
A batch of rubber tree seedling bud seedlings are bud-grafted in 11 months in 2019, and after bud grafting, the rubber tree seedling bud seedlings are planted in a porous root control container (with the height of 40cm and the diameter of 12 cm) and cultured for 7 months, and the growth conditions are shown in the table 4. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, selecting rootstock seeds: selecting fresh seeds which are collected within 3 days after the seeds fall from the rubber trees, wherein the water content of the seeds is 40.89-43.04 wt%;
b, sowing: the rubber seeds were sterilized with 0.1wt% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes before sowing, then sown on the side (ensuring that the seed germination holes face the side and the seeds lie flat as shown in fig. 2) on a high-temperature sterilized pure coconut husk seedling bed, the coconut husk depth was 30cm, and the coconut husk was used for covering after sowing, the thickness of the covering was 3 times the height of the seeds.
c, selecting the phenological condition of the rootstock during budding: and when the rubber seeds germinate to the phenological stage and the stems are elongated and the small leaves are not unfolded, pulling out the seedlings for bud grafting.
(2) And (3) carrying out sprout streak tube stroking and sprout piece selection:
a, carrying out bud strip tending: the bud strips are single-stem upright rubber bud seedlings which are taken from a rainproof, windproof and shading greenhouse and grow to 6 tent leaves after 3 times of rejuvenation, the bud seedlings are kept drenched twice per week, and water and fertilizer are drenched every 45 days (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15. The rejuvenation comprises the following specific operations: taking buds of an original seed garden, carrying out bud grafting on robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 1, carrying out second bud grafting on the robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 2, carrying out third bud grafting on the robust stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives, wherein the bud grafting seedlings 3 are the bud seedling sources of the bud grafting seedlings of the seed seedlings.
b, selecting bud slices: and (3) taking the bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron leaf stems in the middle of the bud grafting seedling 3 as bud slices to be bud grafted, wherein the bud slices have large eyes.
(3) Bud grafting: when the rootstock seeds laterally sowed in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; and (3) opening a bud interface 1-2cm above the stem base part of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, wherein the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the stem circumference, inserting the bud slices to be bud grafted obtained in the step (2), and binding the bud slices with a grafting film to obtain the bud grafted seedling.
(4) And (3) carrying out tube stroking after budding:
experimental group 1: spraying the roots of the budded seedlings with small water every 2-3 days after budding, wherein other parts do not touch water, and keeping 75-80% of shading before the phenological period of the budded seedlings is in the color-changing period; when the phenological climate at the top end of the bud grafting seedling is in the sprouting period to the small bronze period, spraying a leaf fertilizer (a sea-weed-Ling leaf surface water-soluble fertilizer diluted by 1000-1200 times) for 1-2 times, then applying 1% of a compound fertilizer water fertilizer (the mass ratio of N: P: K is 15: 00-afternoon 5:00 keeping 65% -75% of shading, and collecting shading net when meeting continuous 3 days of shading.
Experimental group 2: the urea and the ammonium sulfate are added with 100 times of water, the urea is applied for 1 to 3 grams per plant, the ammonium sulfate is applied for 2 to 5 grams per plant, and the urea is applied for 1 to 2 times per month.
TABLE 4 influence of post-budding tending tube on growth of rubber tree seedling budding
Note: data in the table are mean ± sd, 6 replicates of 30 strains per replicate.
As can be seen from table 4, different tube-stroking methods after the budding have a great influence on the budding growth of the rubber tree seedlings, wherein when the rubber tree seedlings grow to 2 fluffy leaves, compared with the conventional tube-stroking method, the stock stem thickness of the seedling budding seedlings cultured by the tube-stroking method in the embodiment is increased by 26.59%, the scion stem thickness is increased by 29.90%, the plant height is increased by 51.77%, the survival rate of the budding seedlings is increased by 12.38%, and the strong seedling rate is increased by 381%.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting and sowing rootstock seeds:
a, selecting rootstock seeds: selecting fresh seeds collected within 3 days after dropping from the rubber trees;
b, sowing comprises the following steps: b, sterilizing the stock seeds selected in the step a, and then performing side sowing;
(2) And (3) carrying out tube stroking on bud strips and selecting bud sheets:
the bud strip tending and packaging pipe comprises: selecting a single-stem upright rubber bud seedling growing to 6 fluffy leaves after rejuvenation treatment as a bud strip;
selecting bud slices to be budded: selecting bud slices on the 3 rd to 6 th erigeron florus leaves and stems in the middle of the bud strips as bud slices to be bud grafted;
(3) Bud grafting: when the rootstock seeds sowed laterally in the step (1) germinate to be in stem extension and leaves are not unfolded in phenological period, pulling out the seedlings at the moment as rootstock seedlings for bud grafting; a bud interface is formed 1-2cm above the stem base part of the stock seedling by a half-windowing method, the width of the bud interface accounts for half of the stem circumference, the bud slice to be bud grafted obtained in the step (2) is inserted, and the bud slice is bound by a grafting film to obtain a bud grafted seedling;
(4) Tending the bud grafting seedlings obtained in the step (3), and comprising the following steps: spraying water to the roots of the bud seedlings every 2-3 days after bud grafting, spraying a leaf fertilizer when the top of the bud seedlings are in the sprouting-small bronze stage and applying a compound fertilizer in the roots for 7-10 days after the bud grafting without touching water at other parts;
in the step (1), the rootstock seeds are sowed on a pure coconut husk seedling bed in a side-sowing mode, and then are covered with coconut husks after the side-sowing is finished, wherein the covering thickness is 3 times of the height of the seeds or 2 times of the width of the seeds;
the water content of the stock seeds is kept above 40wt% during sowing.
2. The method for improving the budding survival rate and the sound seedling rate of the rubber tree seedlings budding according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization treatment is to sterilize the rootstock seeds with 0.05wt% -0.1 wt% potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes.
3. The method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the rejuvenation treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the rubber tree buds to bud on the strong seedling stock, and culturing the buds into bud seedlings after the buds survive.
4. The method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the rejuvenation treatment is a continuous rejuvenation treatment for 3 times, and the specific operations are as follows: taking rubber tree buds to bud on a robust seedling stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 1 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 1, carrying out secondary bud grafting on the robust seedling stock, cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 2 after the bud grafting survives, then taking the buds from the bud grafting seedlings 2, carrying out tertiary bud grafting on the robust seedling stock, and cultivating the buds into bud grafting seedlings 3 after the bud grafting survives to obtain the bud grafting seedlings after rejuvenation.
5. The method for increasing survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the bud grafting seedlings after rejuvenation treatment are kept sprayed with water twice a week and with water and fertilizer once every 45 days.
6. The method for improving the budding survival rate and the sound seedling rate of rubber tree seedling budding seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the water and fertilizer of the compound fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer to the urea of 3:0.5, and N: p: the mass ratio of K is 15:15:15.
7. the method for improving the bud grafting survival rate and the strong seedling rate of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 75-80% of shading is kept before the color change period of the leaves of the bud grafting seedlings in the phenological period, and after the compound fertilizer water and fertilizer are applied to the roots, 9 am in sunny or cloudy days: 00-afternoon 5:00 keeps 65% -75% of shading.
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