CN102715020A - Technical method for changing apple vigorous stock young tree into permanent short stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a technical method for changing apple vigorous stock young tree into permanent short stock, which is suitable for orchards with the apple common variety, tree age of 3 to 5 years, base stock of vigorous stock and the planting density of more than 825 strains per hectare. The apple vigorous stock young tree is changed into permanent short intermediate stock tree mainly by the technical methods of preparing short stock scion, selecting the grafting period, killing trunk forming layer, grafting, managing after grafting and the like, so that the apple vigorous stock is transformed into the short stock, flower bud formation and early fructification of the young tree are promoted, yield is increased, quality is improved and labor for tree management is reduced.

Description

The tall anvil treelet of apple changes the technical method of permanent short anvil

Technical field

The invention belongs to the fruit-tree grafting technical field, the tall anvil treelet of particularly a kind of apple changes the technical method of permanent short anvil.

Background technology

China is world apple production big country, and area under cultivation and output all occupy first place in the world, and accounts for 40.6% and 42.8% of the world respectively; Apple also is the seeds that China's fruit cultivated area is maximum, output is the highest, accounts for 15.48% and 18.74% of fruit tree respectively; According to statistics, the national apple gross area was 204.63 ten thousand hectares in 2010, and wherein the dwarfing rootstock orchard area is 10.23 ten thousand hectares, only accounts for 5% of the gross area, and 14.52 ten thousand hectares of vigorous stock children orchard in age (lifes in 5 years is following) areas account for 7% of the gross area; Tall anvil children apple orchard in age exists that growing way is prosperous, the result is late, yields poorly, poor quality, income wait problem slowly; And behind the entering fruiting period;, bud big owing to tree bulk-growth amount forms reasons such as difficulty, nutriment unreasonable distribution, causes that the total branch amount in orchard is on the high side, problems such as canopy, interior thorax illumination worsen, yield poorly, poor quality, difficult management, the amount of labour used are many, cost height.

The short anvil planting type of apple since have the result early, high, the instant effect of output; Ventilation and penetrating light, fruit quality are good, and tree crown is short and small, convenient management, saving labour, is convenient to advantages such as mechanized; Receive for a long time in the world and paying much attention to; The most of European countries and the U.S., Australia, New Zealand, Japan and other countries are downgraded the orchard and have been accounted for more than 90% of the apple orchard gross area, and short anvil cultivation is world's apple cultivation developing direction, also are the developing direction of China's apple production from now on.The mode of using dwarfing rootstock has from two kinds of root anvil and interstocks, and the short anvil of development abroad orchard multiselect was conigenous root anvil seedlings in paniculate 3 years and is built the garden, sets up support to cultivate; Since China's soil quality with abroad exists than big-difference, adopt the native country seedling to make basic anvil more, improved adaptability and property admittedly, can not have support and cultivate.The conventional dwarfing interstock wood cultivating seedlings time is general more than 3 years; This breeding method nursery stock growing-seedling period is long; Short time, irreproducible a large amount of nursery stocks to be adapting to the development need of China's short anvil cultivation, and input cost is big, management is time-consuming, land utilization rate is low; Actual to China's apple production; The tall anvil of invention apple sapling changes the grafting method of short anvil; Make tall anvil apple sapling become the dwarfing interstock fruit tree, tall anvil treelet growing way is prosperous, the result is late to solving, income waits problem slowly, improve land utilization rate, reduce production costs etc. significant.

Summary of the invention

The technical method that the present invention provides the tall anvil treelet of a kind of apple to change permanent short anvil, being suitable for apple plain edition kind, age of tree life in 3～5 years, basic anvil is the orchard more than vigorous stock, the planting density 825 strain/hectares; Mainly through preparation, the selection of grafting period, the trunk shape stratification of short anvil scion kill, technical methods such as grafting and managing after grafting, make tall anvil apple sapling become permanent dwarfing interstock tree, realize of the transformation of the tall anvil of apple to dwarfing rootstock; While can promote the treelet bud to form again and do sth. in advance the result, improves output, increases quality, and minimizing tree body is managed recruitment.

The present invention realizes with following technical scheme: the tall anvil treelet of a kind of apple changes the technical method of permanent short anvil; Sport technique segments such as this method comprises that preparation, the selection of grafting period, the trunk shape stratification of short anvil scion are killed, grafting and managing after grafting, specifically carry out as follows:

(1) grafting period, it is the most suitable to spring tip phase that stops growing generally to spend around the back with Sheng;

(2) prepare short anvil scion, the winter is when cutting, and long about 40 centimetres of choosing, about 1 centimetre of diameter, the annual short anvil branch that enriches stalwartness, the harm of anosis worm are scion, and the low temperature storage of preserving moisture is taken out during to grafting;

(3) grafting method, carry out as follows:

1) trunk peeling: tall anvil apple sapling trunk apart from ground about 20 centimetres locate, peel off the ring bark of 5～8 centimetres of width on the trunk with grafting knife, be as the criterion not hinder xylem;

2) wiping cambium: after the peeling, with the wet cloth wiping of dipping in 3%～5% salt solution, its purpose is killed cambial cell, prevents that remaining cambium from forming new phloem again with the trunk shape stratification;

3) select grafting part: with trunk peeling position is the center, around trunk, selects smooth position, equidistant then definite grafting mouth position up and down, and the distance of upper and lower grafting mouth is generally at 30～35 centimetres;

4) grafting: the method for using cortex grafting; Cut one respectively in upper and lower grafting mouth position with grafting knife and fall " T " word and " T " font interface; The horse ear inclined-plane of cutting one 3～5 centimeter length on the same horizontal plane in scion two ends respectively, cut one 0.3～0.5 centimetre short inclined-plane simultaneously overleaf respectively then; Insert lower interface to two ends respectively at last; Every strain tree can 2～4 of graftings connect bar;

5) wrapping: connect the back and earlier wrap up grafting mouth up and down respectively, and then all wrap up tightly for last 5 centimetres to the grafting mouth for following 5 centimetres from the grafting mouth with 0.006～0.008 centimetre, wide 5～7 centimetres plastic film with thick 0.01～0.012 centimetre, wide 2～3 centimetres plastic film;

(4) managing after grafting:

1) check into alive: after the grafting in the 2 week backs, if find tree body yellow leaf and when occurring wilting at noon, in time mend and connect, and keep the root turion of base portion;

2) remove binder: 2～3 weeks after the grafting, remove wide 5～7 centimetres wrapping mulch film, when separating film, at first open one 3～5 centimetres osculum with pocket knife at the peeling position, remove the wrapping mulch film after 3～5 days;

3) erase scion sprout tillers and root turion: after removing binder, be sure of that grafting has become alive, in time erase scion sprout tillers and root turion;

4) remove the cambium of new formation: behind the band girdle, the cambium that the cambium that does not kill is fully grown again and made new advances is in time peeled off with the hilt cambium, and wipes examination once more with the wet cloth that dips in 3%～5% salt solution, and original tall anvil is die fully.

Embodiment

Method of the present invention has been tested in the modern cultivation demonstration of Shunyi District Yang Zhen apple base in Beijing.

(1) grafting period, carry out in mid-May, 2010.

(2) prepare short anvil scion, the winter is when cutting, and long about 40 centimetres of choosing, about 1 centimetre of diameter, the short anvil branch of annual SH6 that enriches stalwartness, the harm of anosis worm are scion, and the low temperature storage of preserving moisture is taken out during to grafting.

(3) grafting method, carry out as follows:

1) trunk peeling: the tall anvil apple sapling trunk of life in 3 years apart from ground about 20 centimetres locate, peel off the ring bark of 5～8 centimetres of width on the trunk with grafting knife, be as the criterion not hinder xylem;

2) wiping cambium: after the peeling, with the wet cloth wiping of dipping in 3%～5% salt solution, its purpose is killed cambial cell, prevents that remaining cambium from forming new phloem again with the trunk shape stratification;

3) select grafting part: with trunk peeling position is the center, around trunk, selects smooth position, equidistant then definite grafting mouth position up and down, and the distance of upper and lower grafting mouth is generally at 30～35 centimetres;

4) grafting: the method for using cortex grafting; Cut one respectively in upper and lower grafting mouth position with grafting knife and fall " T " word and " T " font interface; The horse ear inclined-plane of cutting one 3～5 centimeter length on the same horizontal plane in scion two ends respectively, cut one 0.3～0.5 centimetre short inclined-plane simultaneously overleaf respectively then; Insert lower interface to two ends respectively at last; Every strain tree can 2～4 of graftings connect bar;

5) wrapping: connect the back and earlier wrap up grafting mouth up and down respectively, and then all wrap up tightly for last 5 centimetres to the grafting mouth for following 5 centimetres from the grafting mouth with 0.006～0.008 centimetre, wide 5～7 centimetres plastic film with thick 0.01～0.012 centimetre, wide 2～3 centimetres plastic film.

(4) connect the back management:

1) check into alive: in the 2 week backs, indivedual plant are found tree body yellow leafs, and have occurred wilting at noon after the grafting, and we in time mend and connect, and guarantee grafting survival;

2) remove binder: after the grafting about the 3rd week, at first open one 3～5 centimetres osculum with pocket knife, remove the wrapping mulch film after 3～5 days at the peeling position;

3) erase scion sprout tillers and root turion: after removing binder, to growth proper tree, the bud that the root turion scion of growing on the basic anvil of in time erasing is sprouted;

4) remove the cambium of new formation: the cambium that newly grows on the trunk to band girdle is in time peeled off with cutter, and wipes examination once more with the wet cloth that dips in 3%～5% salt solution.

The tall anvil treelet of this apple change the SH6 dwarfing interstock then graft survival rate can reach more than 90%, and controlled the tree bulk-growth, promoted flower bud differentiation and formation.

Claims (1)

1. the tall anvil treelet of an apple changes the technical method of permanent short anvil, and sport technique segments such as this method comprises that preparation, the selection of grafting period, the trunk shape stratification of short anvil scion are killed, grafting and managing after grafting specifically carry out as follows:

(1) grafting period, it is the most suitable to spring tip phase that stops growing generally to spend around the back with Sheng;

(2) prepare short anvil scion, the winter is when cutting, and long about 40 centimetres of choosing, about 1 centimetre of diameter, the annual short anvil branch that enriches stalwartness, the harm of anosis worm are scion, and the low temperature storage of preserving moisture is taken out during to grafting;

(3) grafting method, carry out as follows:

1) trunk peeling: tall anvil apple sapling trunk apart from ground about 20 centimetres locate, peel off the ring bark of 5～8 centimetres of width on the trunk with grafting knife, be as the criterion not hinder xylem;

2) wiping cambium: after the peeling, with the wet cloth wiping of dipping in 3%～5% salt solution, its purpose is killed cambial cell, prevents that remaining cambium from forming new phloem again with the trunk shape stratification;

3) select grafting part: with trunk peeling position is the center, around trunk, selects smooth position, equidistant then definite upper and lower grafting mouth position, and the distance of upper and lower grafting mouth is generally at 30～35 centimetres;

4) grafting: the method for using cortex grafting; Cut one respectively in upper and lower grafting mouth position with grafting knife and fall " T " word and " T " font interface; The horse ear inclined-plane of cutting one 3～5 centimeter length on the same horizontal plane in scion two ends respectively, cut one 0.3～0.5 centimetre short inclined-plane simultaneously overleaf respectively then; Insert upper and lower interface to two ends respectively at last; Every strain tree can 2～4 of graftings connect bar;

5) wrapping: connect the back and earlier wrap up upper and lower grafting mouth respectively, and then all wrap up tightly for last 5 centimetres to the grafting mouth for following 5 centimetres from the grafting mouth with 0.006～0.008 centimetre, wide 5～7 centimetres plastic film with thick 0.01～0.012 centimetre, wide 2～3 centimetres plastic film;

(4) managing after grafting:

1) check into alive: after the grafting in the 2 week backs, if find tree body yellow leaf and when occurring wilting at noon, in time mend and connect, and keep the root turion of base portion;

2) remove binder: 2～3 weeks after the grafting, remove wide 5～7 centimetres wrapping mulch film, when separating film, at first open one 3～5 centimetres osculum with pocket knife at the peeling position, remove the wrapping mulch film after 3～5 days;

3) erase scion sprout tillers and root turion: after removing binder, be sure of that grafting has become alive, in time erase scion sprout tillers and root turion;

4) remove the cambium of new formation: behind the band girdle, the cambium that the cambium that does not kill is fully grown again and made new advances is in time peeled off with the hilt cambium, and wipes examination once more with the wet cloth that dips in 3%～5% salt solution, and original tall anvil is die fully.