CN103988692A - Five-step apple stock continuous layering propagation method - Google Patents
Five-step apple stock continuous layering propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988692A CN103988692A CN201410235745.6A CN201410235745A CN103988692A CN 103988692 A CN103988692 A CN 103988692A CN 201410235745 A CN201410235745 A CN 201410235745A CN 103988692 A CN103988692 A CN 103988692A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a five-step apple stock continuous layering propagation method. The five-step apple stock continuous layering propagation method includes the steps of carrying out piece-root grafting on stock root sections and self-rooted stock variety scions; then carrying out ditching deep planting on the piece-root-grafted seedlings; carrying out pinching branch promotion on the grafted seedlings, restraining the heights of the seedlings, and promoting sprouting of auxiliary buds on the lower portions of the seedlings to increase the propagation seedling number; taking roots multiple times in batches through cultivating media comprising, by weight, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of river sand, and finally pushing ridged soil aside to carry out shearing to obtain stock seedlings; properly carrying out ridging every year from the second year, growing out young sprouts, and repeating the working process of the last year to obtain stock seedlings. Compared with the prior art, the propagation efficiency is greatly improved, and the five-step apple stock continuous layering propagation method has the advantages of being high in propagation efficiency and saving time and labor.
Description
(1) technical field
The five step propagation methods that the present invention relates to the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock, belong to fruit growing field, the efficient five step propagation methods of horizontal press strip that be specifically related to a kind ofly to take that root connects, cultivation deeply, pinching, press strip, training matrix are main points.
(2) background technology
High quality apple nursery stock is the basis of Apple Industry.Because China is long-term, use the stock that grows directly from seeds, cause nursery stock uniformity poor, orchard regularity is poor, and fruit commodity is poor.Use own-rooted tree wood is the important channel that solves this bottleneck problem.Own-rooted tree is directly taken root for cultivating by stock by vegetative propagation and is formed, not only can overcome that the grafting physiological age that grows directly from seeds is little, the slow defect of bearing fruit, and have that Tree growth is consistent, early bearing, high yield, high-quality, the equal first-class feature of fruit, its application is the improved basis of whole culture technique.And propagation by layering is the most simple and safe method in plant vegetative propagation, the plant that all cuttages, grafting etc. are difficult for surviving, conventional planting of layer breeding.
Press strip, is about to plant branch or the climing pile things on of stem in soil or other matrix, separated with maternal plant again after it is taken root, and becomes a kind of vegetative propagation mode of independent new plant.By the nursery stock of propagation by layering gained, can keep maternal good characteristic, and method is simple, processing ease, without special installation.At present external conventional press strip method is stool layer method, and the workload of the method is large, and reproduction coefficient is very low, is once difficult to obtain large quantities of nursery stocks.And the horizontal planting of layer, refer to a kind of by seedling growth in shallow ridges, growth branch level is pressed onto, cover the press strip method of the matrix such as garden mould, sawdust.The horizontal planting of layer has been because having changed the polarity of branch, makes the lateral bud also can germination and growth, thereby improves the reproduction coefficient of nursery stock; And the ridging workload of horizontal press strip is little, the labour intensity also reducing.
At present, in production, the method for horizontal press strip method used is direct ridging, and workload is large, and labour intensity is high, and nursery stock output is far inferior to seedling breeding, has increased the cost of breeding of own-rooted tree; Simultaneously due to material and instrument random large, operation is difficult to standard, the seedling quality of breeding is not high, is unfavorable on a large scale the breeding from root anvil seedling.
(3) summary of the invention
The problem existing aborning for horizontal press strip, the invention provides five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock, be a kind ofly take that root connects, the horizontal planting of layer that cultivation deeply, pinching, press strip, training matrix are main points, reduced and bred cost, increased and bred density, improved reproductive efficiency, simple, effect is remarkable, is conducive to the large-scale breeding from rootstock.
Five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of apple rootstock, specifically comprise the steps:
1) root connects:
Spring, dig out apple rootstock root system, be cut into root segment 10-15cm, moisturizing is preserved, as base anvil; Selection moisture is sufficient, eye is full, without the healthy and strong annual apple of damage by disease and insect, from root anvil branch, do scion, adopts the method grafting of cut-grafting as maternal plant seedling, to do to base anvil, and wax moisturizing is stained with on scion top; The nursery stock grafting is placed on to plastic greenhouse Nei Shapei and promotes healing;
2) deeply plant:
Grafting after 2 weeks by grafting transplanted seedling tree; In planting furrow, fill with in advance sufficient water, until water ooze lower after suitable the planting of soil moisture content grow seedlings; While planting, grafting mouth is embedded under soil, transfers interface distance ground 15-25cm;
3) pinching, press strip
When the dry young sprout of maternal plant seedling grows to 10-15cm, pinching, makes its multiple branch; Treat that the dry most sprouts of maternal plant seedling sprout, taper and the middle part level of sprouting young sprout are overwhelmed in planting furrow, promote to sprout on young sprout the vertical growth of axillalry bud;
4) training matrix is taken root
When the young sprout of axillary bud development grows to 20cm, use cultivation matrix by the dry whole overridings of maternal plant seedling; Within vegetative period, erase in time the strong sprout tillers that root segment is sprouted; According to routine techniques keep nursery soil moistening, note the extermination of disease and insect pest and topdress;
5) results sorting
Then autumn Mo, before frozen soil, the matrix in seedbed is all pushed aside, the annotinous branch that each is taken root is cut branch as from root anvil seedling apart from its root 1cm; Clip slightly tilts; That cuts stores sth. in a cellar husky training from root anvil seedling and survives the winter, and the next spring is utilized; The maternal plant seedling of cutting after seedling is done overriding training matrix again, pours water and survives the winter;
Before annual young sprout rudiment, all suitably give afterwards the dry training of maternal plant seedling matrix, the young sprout on stub then grows to 20cm and continues overriding when above and train matrix, repeating step 4)-5).
Described step 1) in, during grafting, with grafting knife, on stock, be whittled into the inclined-plane that is about 3cm.Then at the xylem of near-end one side apart from cortex 0.5cm place, vertically cut the dark 3-4cm of otch; Scion 5-10cm, 2-3 bud section, bottom is also whittled into the inclined-plane that is about 3cm, and near-end one side is also made vertical incision; Scion is relative with stock scarf, and two vertical incisions are engaged, make to form layer and connect airtight mutually, then use plastic strip colligation.
Described step 4) in, along with the continuous elongation of young sprout deepens to cover the thickness of matrix, every a matrix of training in 10-15 days, the height of at every turn training matrix is 5-10cm, reaches 30-40cm to matrix height.
Described training matrix is the mixture of garden mould and river sand, and the volume ratio of garden mould and river sand is 1:1, with low cost, and good fluidity is convenient to cover and remove, and porosity is suitable, and ventilative, moisture capacity is coordinated, and is beneficial to and takes root.
Operation principle of the present invention and beneficial effect show:
1, use hupehensis Rehd to grow seedlings and gather in the crops rear undesirable root grafting, the cost of material is low, and grafting survival is good, has greatly accelerated the breeding from rootstock.
While 2, planting grafting, trench digging is dark plants.Before planting, dig the planting furrow of dark 30cm, wide 40cm, and be filled with sufficient water, until water, ooze after lower and plant and grow seedlings; While planting, select well healed,nonsymptomatic grafting on hotbed, and during mobile nursery stock, note not colliding scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted; After planting, transfer interface distance ground 20cm left and right and under soil, also do not pour water in time.
When 3, grafting young sprout grows to 10-15cm left and right, pinching in time, the height of inhibition nursery stock, impels the sprouting of its underpart axillalry bud, makes its multiple branch, to increase seedling propagation quantity.
The mixture that the volume ratio of using garden mould and river sand when 4, axillalry bud young sprout is developed to 20cm after pinching is 1:1 is trained matrix overriding; Can guarantee in planting furrow that soil is soft has good air capacity of soils and a moisture capacity, with the young sprout base portion that impels maternal plant seedling to grow on dry, take root well, autumn also easy damaged root system not during clip anvil seedling.In addition, fresh river sand is containing germ and worm's ovum, and clean hygiene and with low cost, is beneficial to transportation and carrying, therefore adopt river sand soil as the nursery stock matrix of taking root.
Adopt after this method, only need to carry out grafting at First Year, then, from Second Year, start just can utilize the branch originally grafting to carry out again pinching press strip, train matrix is taken root and gather in the crops sorting, needn't repeat again original all propagation steps, have advantages of that reproductive efficiency is high, time saving and energy saving.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process schematic diagram of the present invention;
The 1st, the state of planting, the 2nd, terminal bud pinching, the 3rd, shoot growth state after pinching, the 4th, use layering device sprouting branch is evened up and cover matrix, the 5th, press strip condition of rooting, the 6th, autumn nursery stock gather after situation, the 7th, pinching position, the 8th, layering device use location, the 9th, matrix covers position.
(5) embodiment
The correlation technique content of not addressing below all can adopt or use for reference prior art.
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand better the technical scheme in the application, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the application's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the application, those of ordinary skills are not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, all should belong to the scope of the application's protection.
The present embodiment is usingd hupehensis Rehd as stock, and according to 0.3m * 0.6m seeding row spacing planting stock, mu is planted 3700 strains:
1, root connects
Early March, digs out the root system of hupehensis Rehd, select thickness moderate, with the root of fibrous root, moisturizing is preserved, and in order to grafting, uses; Simultaneously scion selects that moisture is sufficient, eye is full, without healthy and strong 1 year raw branch of damage by disease and insect, the grafting of cut-grafting method.
During grafting: be whittled into the inclined-plane that is about 3cm on stock with grafting knife.Then at the xylem of near-end one side apart from cortex 0.5cm place, vertically cut the dark 3-4cm of otch; Scion 5-10cm, 2-3 bud section, bottom is also whittled into the inclined-plane that is about 3cm, and near-end one side is also made vertical incision; Scion is relative with stock scarf, and two vertical incisions are engaged, make to form layer and connect airtight mutually, then use plastic strip colligation.
If scion is thinner, between stock and scion, have at least the formation layer of a side to connect airtight mouth.After connecting, grafting is placed on to indoor promotion healing, two Zhou Houzai plant and grow seedlings.In this process, shading moisturizing, be strictly on guard against the dehydration of root fringe, ensure quality; When the finished product grafting moves, handle with care, be sure not to collide scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted.
2, deeply plant
While planting grafting, to ditch and deeply plant.Before planting, dig the planting furrow (can mechanical work) of dark 30cm, wide 40cm, and filled with sufficient water, until water, ooze after lower and plant and grow seedlings in planting furrow central authorities; After transplanted seedling tree the degree of depth apart from ground about 20cm; While planting, select well healed,nonsymptomatic grafting on hotbed, and during mobile nursery stock, note not colliding scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted; After planting, pour water in time.
3, pinching, press strip
Seedling to be grafted is planted and is survived, young sprout is while growing to 15-20cm left and right, timely pinching, suppresses the height of nursery stock, impels the sprouting of its underpart axillalry bud, makes its multiple branch, to increase seedling propagation quantity.
Treat that the dry most sprouts of seedling sprout, during about late May, available layering device or other instrument overwhelm its taper in planting furrow, in order to prevent middle part projection after seedling dry-pressing, to the dry middle part of seedling be also fixed in planting furrow with 1-2 layering device, promote the axillary bud sprouting on young sprout.
4, training matrix
When the dry upper young sprout of seedling is developed to 20cm (about mid or late June) can train for the first time matrix, the mixture of about 5-10cm---garden mould and river sand, the volume ratio of garden mould and river sand is 1:1.
Use the advantage of garden mould and river sand mixture to be: guaranteeing in planting furrow that soil is soft has good air capacity of soils and a moisture capacity, with the young sprout base portion that impels maternal plant seedling to grow on dry, take root well, autumn also easy damaged root system not during clip anvil seedling.In addition, fresh river sand is containing germ and worm's ovum, and clean hygiene and be beneficial to transportation and carrying, therefore adopt river sand soil as the nursery stock matrix of taking root.
Along with the continuous elongation of young sprout deepens to cover the thickness of matrix, approximately, every a matrix of training in 10-15 days, mid or late July is trained matrix for the last time, when matrix height reaches 30-40cm left and right, now on planting furrow, has trained matrix and has formed large ridge and make it to take root.Within vegetative period, erase in time the strong sprout tillers of branch base portion; Pay special attention to keep nursery soil moistening, pouring water, also will keep ground moistening at ordinary times before each training matrix; Note the extermination of disease and insect pest, and topdress in right amount.
5, results sorting
Then autumn Mo, before frozen soil, the matrix of seedbed training is pushed aside, expose the root system that maternal plant seedling is dry and base portion grows that level overwhelms.Each is taken root 1 year raw branch stays 1cm stub at base portion cuts branch as from root anvil seedling, and the dry and seedling of the maternal plant seedling that overwhelms is done some that stay has the stub of root to stay put.Clip on stub slightly tilts, to sprout young sprout continuation training matrix next year from clip, takes root.Cut after seedling former maternal plant seedling and again train matrix on dry, pour water and survive the winter; After the anvil seedling classification of cutting, store sth. in a cellar husky training and survive the winter, the next spring is utilized.Until young sprout then, grow to 20cm afterwards and start to train matrix when above, repeat the course of work of a year.
In the present embodiment, mu is planted 3700 strains, and individual plant produces seedling 5 strains, more than 18500 strains of per mu yield nursery stock, and current increment 60-80cm is high, and 0.6-1cm is thick, and uniformity is strong, can grafting, output and quality are all better than the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds.
The above is only the application's preferred embodiment, makes those skilled in the art can understand or realize the application.To the multiple modification of these embodiment, will be apparent to one skilled in the art, General Principle as defined herein can be in the situation that do not depart from the application's spirit or scope, realization in other embodiments.Therefore, the application will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (1)
1. five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of apple rootstock, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) root connects:
Spring, dig out apple rootstock root system, be cut into root segment 10-15cm, moisturizing is preserved, as base anvil; Selection moisture is sufficient, eye is full, without the healthy and strong annual apple of damage by disease and insect, from root anvil branch, do scion, adopts the method grafting of cut-grafting as maternal plant seedling, to do to base anvil, and wax moisturizing is stained with on scion top; The nursery stock grafting is placed on to plastic greenhouse Nei Shapei and promotes healing;
2) deeply plant:
Grafting after 2 weeks by grafting transplanted seedling tree; In planting furrow, fill with in advance sufficient water, until water ooze lower after suitable the planting of soil moisture content grow seedlings; While planting, grafting mouth is embedded under soil, transfers interface distance ground 15-25cm;
3) pinching, press strip
When the dry young sprout of maternal plant seedling grows to 10-15cm, pinching, makes its multiple branch; Treat that the dry most sprouts of maternal plant seedling sprout, taper and the middle part level of sprouting young sprout are overwhelmed in planting furrow, promote to sprout on young sprout the vertical growth of axillalry bud;
4) training matrix is taken root
When the young sprout of axillary bud development grows to 20cm, use cultivation matrix by the dry whole overridings of maternal plant seedling; Within vegetative period, erase in time the strong sprout tillers that root segment is sprouted;
5) results sorting
Then autumn Mo, before frozen soil, the matrix in seedbed is all pushed aside, the annotinous branch that each is taken root is cut branch as from root anvil seedling apart from its root 1cm; Clip slightly tilts; That cuts stores sth. in a cellar husky training from root anvil seedling and survives the winter, and the next spring is utilized; The maternal plant seedling of cutting after seedling is done overriding training matrix again, pours water and survives the winter;
Before annual young sprout rudiment, all suitably give afterwards the dry training of maternal plant seedling matrix, the young sprout on stub then grows to 20cm and continues overriding when above and train matrix, repeating step 4-5;
Described step 4) in, along with the continuous elongation of young sprout deepens to cover the thickness of matrix, every a matrix of training in 10-15 days, the height of at every turn training matrix is 5-10cm, reaches 30-40cm to matrix height;
Described training matrix is that garden mould and river sand are according to the mixture of volume ratio 1:1.
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| CN106550846A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-04-05 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method that apple dwarf is integrally bred from root anvil seedlings fringe anvil |
| CN107124927A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-05 | 赵国平 | A kind of half-dried drought and sand area Sabina vulgaris desertification control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106550846A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-04-05 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method that apple dwarf is integrally bred from root anvil seedlings fringe anvil |
| CN106550846B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-05-21 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method that apple dwarf is integrally bred from root anvil seedlings fringe anvil |
| CN107124927A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-05 | 赵国平 | A kind of half-dried drought and sand area Sabina vulgaris desertification control method |
| CN107124927B (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2019-08-27 | 赵国平 | A kind of half-dried drought and sand area Sabina vulgaris desertification control method |
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