CN103988692B - Five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock - Google Patents
Five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988692B CN103988692B CN201410235745.6A CN201410235745A CN103988692B CN 103988692 B CN103988692 B CN 103988692B CN 201410235745 A CN201410235745 A CN 201410235745A CN 103988692 B CN103988692 B CN 103988692B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the efficient five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock, be by stock root segment and carry out root from the scion of root anvil kind and connect; Then the grafting after being connect by root carries out dark cultivation of ditching; Again pinching is carried out to grafting and urge branch, suppress the height of nursery stock, impel the sprouting of its underpart axillalry bud, to increase seedling propagation quantity; Repeatedly utilize the training matrix of garden mould and river sand 1:1 to take root again in batches, finally push ridging aside and shear acquisition anvil seedling; All suitably earth up after annual rudiment from Second Year, bear young sprout, the course of work repeating a year obtains anvil seedling; Compared with prior art, significantly improve reproductive efficiency, there is the advantage that reproductive efficiency is high, time saving and energy saving.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation, be specifically related to a kind ofly to connect with root, efficient five step propagation methods of horizontal press strip that cultivation deeply, pinching, press strip, training matrix are main points.
(2) background technology
High quality apple nursery stock is the basis of Apple Industry.Because China's Long-Time Service grows directly from seeds stock, cause nursery stock uniformity poor, orchard regularity is poor, and fruit commodity is poor.Use own-rooted tree wood is the important channel solving this bottleneck problem.Own-rooted tree is formed by stock cultivation of directly taking root by vegetative propagation, not only can overcome that the grafting physiological age that grows directly from seeds is little, slow defect of bearing fruit, and having that Tree growth is consistent, the equal first-class feature of early bearing, high yield, high-quality, fruit, its application is the basis that whole culture technique is improved.And propagation by layering is method the most simple and safe in plant vegetative propagation, the plant that all cuttages, grafting etc. not easily survive, conventional planting of layer breeding.
Press strip, by plant branch or the climing pile things on of stem in soil or other matrix, is separated with maternal plant after it is taken root again, and becomes a kind of vegetative manner of independent new plant.By the nursery stock of propagation by layering gained, can keep maternal good characteristic, and method is simple, processing ease, without the need to special installation.External conventional press strip method is stool layer method at present, and the workload of the method is large, and reproduction coefficient is very low, is once difficult to obtain large quantities of nursery stock.And the horizontal planting of layer, refer to one by seedling growth in shallow ridges, growth branch level is pressed onto, cover the press strip method of the matrix such as garden mould, sawdust.The horizontal planting of layer, because changing the polarity of branch, makes lateral bud also can germination and growth, thus improves the reproduction coefficient of nursery stock; And the ridging workload of horizontal press strip is little, the labour intensity also reduced.
At present, the method for horizontal press strip method used in production is direct ridging, and workload is large, and labour intensity is high, and nursery stock output is far inferior to seedling breeding, and what add own-rooted tree breeds cost; Simultaneously due to material and instrument random large, operation is difficult to specification, and the seedling quality of breeding is not high, is unfavorable on a large scale from the breeding of root anvil seedling.
(3) summary of the invention
For horizontal press strip Problems existing aborning, the invention provides five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of a kind of apple rootstock, be a kind ofly to connect with root, the horizontal planting of layer that cultivation deeply, pinching, press strip, training matrix are main points, reduce and breed cost, add and breed density, improve reproductive efficiency, simple, Be very effective, be conducive to the large-scale breeding from rootstock.
Five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of apple rootstock, specifically comprise the steps:
1) root connects:
In spring, dig out apple rootstock root system, be cut into root segment 10-15cm, moisturizing is preserved, as base anvil; Select that moisture is sufficient, eye is full, do scion without the annual apple of the stalwartness of damage by disease and insect from root anvil branch, adopt the method grafting of cut-grafting dry as maternal plant seedling to base anvil, wax moisturizing is stained with on scion top; The nursery stock grafted is placed on plastic greenhouse Nei Shapei Promotive union;
2) deeply plant:
Grafting after 2 weeks by grafting transplanted seedling tree; Fill with sufficient water in advance in planting furrow, until water ooze lower after the suitable nursery of planting of soil moisture content; Under grafting mouth being embedded in soil when planting, transfer interface distance ground 15-25cm;
3) pinching, press strip
When the dry young sprout of maternal plant seedling grows to 10-15cm, pinching, makes its multiple branch; Treat that the dry most sprout of maternal plant seedling sprouts, the taper and middle part level of sprouting young sprout are overwhelmed in planting furrow, promotes vertical growth young sprout being sprouted axillalry bud;
4) train matrix to take root
When the young sprout of axillary bud development grows to 20cm, use cultivation matrix that maternal plant seedling is done whole overriding; Within vegetative period, erase the strong sprout tillers that root segment is sprouted in time; Conveniently technology keep nursery soil moistening, note the extermination of disease and insect pest topdressing;
5) results sorting
Autumn Mo then, before frozen soil, the matrix in seedbed is all pushed aside, branch to be cut as from root anvil seedling apart from its root 1cm by each annotinous branch of taking root; Clip slightly tilts; That cuts stores sth. in a cellar husky training from root anvil seedling and survives the winter, and the next spring utilizes; Cut the maternal plant seedling after seedling and do overriding training matrix again, pour water and survive the winter;
All suitably give maternal plant seedling dry training matrix before annual young sprout rudiment afterwards, continue overriding training matrix when the young sprout on stub then grows to more than 20cm, repeat step 4)-5).
Described step 1) in grafting time, on stock, be whittled into the inclined-plane being about 3cm with grafting knife.Then the xylem in near-end side, apart from cortex 0.5cm place, vertically cuts, the dark 3-4cm of otch; Scion 5-10cm, 2-3 bud section, bottom is also whittled into the inclined-plane being about 3cm, and vertical incision is also made in near-end side; Scion is relative with stock scarf, and two vertical incisions are engaged, formation layer is touched mutually, then uses plastic strip colligation.
Described step 4) in, along with the continuous of young sprout extends the thickness deepening to cover matrix, train a matrix every 10-15 days, the height of each training matrix is 5-10cm, reaches 30-40cm to matrix height.
Described training matrix is the mixture of garden mould and river sand, and the volume ratio of garden mould and river sand is 1:1, with low cost, good fluidity, is convenient to cover and remove, and porosity is suitable, and ventilative, moisture capacity is coordinated, and is beneficial to and takes root.
Operation principle of the present invention and beneficial effect show:
1, use the rear undesirable root grafting of hupehensis Rehd nursery results, the cost of material is low, and grafting survival is good, greatly accelerates the breeding from rootstock.
2, plant grafting time trench digging is dark plants.Before planting, the planting furrow of dark 30cm, wide 40cm be dug, and filled with sufficient water, until water ooze lower after to plant nursery; When planting, well healed,nonsymptomatic grafting on hotbed be selected, and during mobile nursery stock, note not colliding scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted; After planting, transfer interface distance ground about 20cm not under soil and pour water in time.
3, when grafting young sprout grows to about 10-15cm, timely pinching, suppresses the height of nursery stock, impels the sprouting of its underpart axillalry bud, make its multiple branch, to increase seedling propagation quantity.
4, the mixture that the volume ratio of garden mould and river sand is 1:1 is used to carry out training matrix overriding when axillalry bud young sprout after pinching is developed to 20cm; Can to ensure in planting furrow that soil is soft and have good air capacity of soils and moisture capacity, do the young sprout base portion grown to impel maternal plant seedling and take root well, also not easy damaged root system during clip anvil seedling in autumn.In addition, fresh river sand is not containing germ and worm's ovum, and clean hygiene and with low cost, is beneficial to transport and carrying, therefore adopts river sand soil to take root matrix as nursery stock.
After adopting this method, only need to carry out grafting at First Year, then, from Second Year, the branch originally grafted just can be utilized to carry out pinching press strip again, training matrix is carried out results and sorted after taking root, original all propagation steps need not be repeated again, there is the advantage that reproductive efficiency is high, time saving and energy saving.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process schematic of the present invention;
1 is the state of planting, and 2 is terminal bud pinching, and 3 is shoot growth states after pinching, 4 be use layering device sprouting branch is evened up and covers matrix, 5 is press strip condition of rootings, 6 be autumn nursery stock gather after situation, 7 is pinching positions, and 8 is layering device use locations, and 9 is matrix covering positions.
(5) embodiment
The correlation technique content do not addressed below all can adopt or use for reference prior art.
Technical scheme in the application is understood better in order to make those skilled in the art person, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, all should belong to the scope of the application's protection.
The present embodiment is using hupehensis Rehd as stock, and according to 0.3m × 0.6m seeding row spacing planting stock, mu plants 3700 strains:
1, root connects
Early March, digs out the root system of hupehensis Rehd, and select the root that thickness is moderate, be with fibrous root, moisturizing is preserved, and uses in order to grafting; Simultaneously scion selects that moisture is sufficient, eye is full, without 1 year raw branch of the stalwartness of damage by disease and insect, the grafting of cut-grafting method.
During grafting: be whittled into the inclined-plane being about 3cm on stock with grafting knife.Then the xylem in near-end side, apart from cortex 0.5cm place, vertically cuts, the dark 3-4cm of otch; Scion 5-10cm, 2-3 bud section, bottom is also whittled into the inclined-plane being about 3cm, and vertical incision is also made in near-end side; Scion is relative with stock scarf, and two vertical incisions are engaged, formation layer is touched mutually, then uses plastic strip colligation.
If scion is comparatively thin, between stock and scion, has the formation layer contiguity mouth of side at least.After connecting, grafting is placed on indoor Promotive union, two Zhou Houzai plant nursery.In the process, shading moisturizing, be strictly on guard against the dehydration of root fringe, guarantee quality; When the finished product grafted moves, handle with care, be sure not to collide scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted.
2, deeply plant
Plant grafting time to ditch dark cultivation.Before planting, dig the planting furrow (can mechanical work) of dark 30cm, wide 40cm, and filled with sufficient water, until water ooze lower after to plant nursery in planting furrow central authorities; After transplanted seedling tree, the degree of depth is about 20cm apart from ground; When planting, well healed,nonsymptomatic grafting on hotbed be selected, and during mobile nursery stock, note not colliding scion, guarantee that scion is not shifted; After planting, pour water in time.
3, pinching, press strip
Seedling to be grafted plant survive, young sprout is when growing to about 15-20cm, timely pinching, suppress the height of nursery stock, impel the sprouting of its underpart axillalry bud, make its multiple branch, to increase seedling propagation quantity.
Treat that the dry most sprout of seedling sprouts, namely about late May time, namely its taper overwhelms in planting furrow by available layering device or other instrument, in order to middle part after preventing seedling dry-pressing is protruding, with 1-2 layering device, the middle part that seedling is dry is also fixed in planting furrow, promotes the axillary bud sprouting on young sprout.
4, matrix is trained
When the dry upper young sprout of seedling is developed to 20cm (about mid or late June) first time can be carried out train matrix, the mixture of about 5-10cm---garden mould and river sand, the volume ratio of garden mould and river sand is 1:1.
The advantage of garden mould and river sand mixture is used to be: ensureing in planting furrow that soil is soft has good air capacity of soils and moisture capacity, does the young sprout base portion grown take root well to impel maternal plant seedling, also not easy damaged root system during clip anvil seedling in autumn.In addition, fresh river sand not containing germ and worm's ovum, clean hygiene and be beneficial to transport and carrying, therefore adopt river sand soil to take root matrix as nursery stock.
Along with continuous elongation of young sprout deepens to cover the thickness of matrix, about trained a matrix every 10-15 days, mid or late July trains matrix for the last time, when matrix height reaches about 30-40cm, now planting furrow has been trained matrix and has formed large ridge and make it to take root.Within vegetative period, the strong sprout tillers of branch base portion to be erased in time; Pay special attention to keep nursery soil moistening, except pouring water before each training matrix, also will keep ground moistening at ordinary times; Note the extermination of disease and insect pest, and topdress in right amount.
5, results sorting
Autumn Mo then, before frozen soil, the matrix that seedbed is trained is pushed aside, exposes the root system that maternal plant seedling is done and base portion grows that level overwhelms.Stay the stub of 1cm to be cut by branch as from root anvil seedling at base portion in raw for each 1 year of taking root branch, the maternal plant seedling overwhelmed is done and seedling is done some that stay and had the stub of root then to stay put.Clip on stub slightly tilts, and takes root to sprout young sprout continuation training matrix next year from clip.After cutting seedling, former maternal plant seedling trains matrix on doing again, pours water and survives the winter; After the anvil seedling classification cut, store sth. in a cellar husky training and survive the winter, the next spring utilizes.Start to train matrix afterwards when young sprout grows to more than 20cm then, repeat the course of work of a year.
In the present embodiment, mu plants 3700 strains, and individual plant produces seedling 5 strain, per mu yield nursery stock more than 18500 strain, and current increment 60-80cm is high, and 0.6-1cm is thick, and uniformity is strong, can grafting, and seed output and quality is all better than nursery stock of growing directly from seeds.
Be only the preferred embodiment of the application described in upper, those skilled in the art understood or realizes the application.To be apparent to one skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein when not departing from the spirit or scope of the application, can realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the application can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (1)
1. five step propagation methods of the horizontal press strip of apple rootstock, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) root connects:
In spring, dig out apple rootstock root system, be cut into root segment 10-15cm, moisturizing is preserved, as base anvil; Select that moisture is sufficient, eye is full, do scion without the annual apple of the stalwartness of damage by disease and insect from root anvil branch, adopt the method grafting of cut-grafting dry as maternal plant seedling to base anvil, wax moisturizing is stained with on scion top; The nursery stock grafted is placed on plastic greenhouse Nei Shapei Promotive union;
2) deeply plant:
Grafting after 2 weeks by grafting transplanted seedling tree; Fill with sufficient water in advance in planting furrow, until water ooze lower after the suitable nursery of planting of soil moisture content; Under grafting mouth being embedded in soil when planting, transfer interface distance ground 15-25cm;
3) pinching, press strip
When the dry young sprout of maternal plant seedling grows to 10-15cm, pinching, makes its multiple branch; Treat that the dry most sprout of maternal plant seedling sprouts, the taper and middle part level of sprouting young sprout are overwhelmed in planting furrow, promotes vertical growth young sprout being sprouted axillalry bud;
4) train matrix to take root
When the young sprout of axillary bud development grows to 20cm, use cultivation matrix that maternal plant seedling is done whole overriding; Within vegetative period, erase the strong sprout tillers that root segment is sprouted in time;
5) results sorting
Autumn Mo then, before frozen soil, the matrix in seedbed is all pushed aside, branch to be cut as from root anvil seedling apart from its root 1cm by each annotinous branch of taking root; Clip slightly tilts; That cuts stores sth. in a cellar husky training from root anvil seedling and survives the winter, and the next spring utilizes; Cut the maternal plant seedling after seedling and do overriding training matrix again, pour water and survive the winter;
All suitably give maternal plant seedling dry training matrix before annual young sprout rudiment afterwards, continue overriding training matrix when the young sprout on stub then grows to more than 20cm, repeat step 4-5;
Described step 4) in, along with the continuous of young sprout extends the thickness deepening to cover matrix, train a matrix every 10-15 days, the height of each training matrix is 5-10cm, reaches 30-40cm to matrix height;
Described training matrix is garden mould and the river sand mixture according to volume ratio 1:1.
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| CN106034647B (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2020-10-30 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for producing clonal seedlings of peaches and rootstocks thereof |
| CN106550846B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-05-21 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method that apple dwarf is integrally bred from root anvil seedlings fringe anvil |
| CN107124927B (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2019-08-27 | 赵国平 | A kind of half-dried drought and sand area Sabina vulgaris desertification control method |
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| CN103385149A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-quality and high-efficiency apple rootstock layering breeding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002125454A (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-05-08 | Iseki & Co Ltd | Method for planting seedling of rush (juncus effusus), and method for cultivating seedling of rush |
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| CN101305671A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2008-11-19 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting propagating method |
| CN102318502A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-01-18 | 金陵科技学院 | Root grating and seedling raising method of beach plum |
| CN102715020A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Technical method for changing apple vigorous stock young tree into permanent short stock |
| CN103385149A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-quality and high-efficiency apple rootstock layering breeding method |
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| 甜茶根接矮砧繁殖苹果苗;吴健;《山东果树》;19801231(第4期);第44页 * |
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