CN105145255B - A kind of apple dwarf self-root stock seedling breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of apple dwarf from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, by the nursery of base anvil, zanjon nursery, autumn connect short anvil, cut anvil bud picking, carve wound smear medicine, bury dry promoting root growth, summer connect kind, secondary cut anvil bud picking, lifting cut anvil, classification storage etc. series of steps realize breeding from root anvil nursery stock, simplify Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock and breed step, improve breeding coefficient.

Description

A kind of apple dwarf self-root stock seedling breeding method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of apple seedling breeding, in particular to a method for growing apple dwarf self-root stock seedlings.

Background technique

The intensive cultivation system of dwarf stock apples is not only the trend and direction of the development of apple industry in the world, but also an important symbol of the development of modern apple industry in my country. At present, the newly-built orchards in major apple producing countries in the world basically use short stock intensive cultivation, and most countries account for more than 90% of the total area of apples. However, more than 90% of the existing apple orchards in my country are arbor fruit trees. The orchards are closed, poorly illuminated, and labor-intensive to manage. It is a traditional cultivation mode with high consumption and low output.

Carrying out intensive cultivation of dwarf-stock apples requires the cultivation of a large number of dwarf-stock apple seedlings. At present, there are two methods of raising apple dwarf seedlings: intermediate stock seedlings and self-root stock seedlings.

1. Dwarf self-rooted stock seedlings Self-rooted stock seedlings are arborized stock or dwarf stock that have certain excellent characteristics and perform particularly well in production through tissue culture, cuttings, layering and other asexual propagation methods to cultivate rootstocks. The seedlings are cultivated by grafting varieties on this rootstock. This kind of seedling is grafted on the rootstock of asexual reproduction, directly uses the root system of the rootstock, only grafts once, can overcome many shortcomings of the seedling stock, and has its own characteristics. Developed countries widely use self-root stock seedlings. The method has the following advantages:

(1) Maintain the excellent traits of the mother plant. The dwarf stock of apple self-root stock seedlings is mostly asexual reproduction, without meiosis and combination of sex cells, only simple mitosis, avoiding hybrid and genetic instability . Therefore, the characteristics of the new individual are exactly the same as those of the mother plant, and the inherent genetic characteristics of the mother plant are still maintained, and the excellent traits can be maintained for a long time.

(2) High uniformity. The height distribution of self-root stock trees is relatively concentrated, and the change is significantly smaller than that of intermediate stock trees. The appearance of orchards is neat.

(3) Many fibrous roots and well-developed root system Used as the germplasm of self-rooted seedling rootstocks, the stem segment or root system belongs to stem root or tiller root, with strong regeneration ability, no obvious tap root, and well-developed fibrous roots.

(4) Early fruit, high yield, and high quality Self-rooted seedlings are relatively old and do not need to go through the maturity process from young to old, so they are easy to flower.

At present, the breeding techniques of self-root stock seedlings mainly include:

1. Micropropagation refers to the use of tissue culture technology for reproduction, which requires the support of certain equipment and technology.

2. There are vertical layering, horizontal layering and other methods for layering propagation.

3. Cutting propagation is divided into root cutting method and hard branch cutting method. On the basis of breeding self-root stock seedlings, the grafted varieties form two kinds of seedlings with dwarf self-root stock as rootstock and scion species.

Since most of the dwarf rootstock resources in our country are imported from abroad, the breeding nurseries established in China after the introduction are relatively small. However, the propagation of most dwarf anvils is difficult, and the use of tissue culture requires certain equipment and technical support, which is not conducive to large-scale application and promotion. It is more difficult to propagate excellent dwarf rootstocks by cuttings, so the breeding of self-rooted rootstocks in my country and foreign countries mostly adopts layering propagation.

2. Dwarfing middle stock The dwarf stock middle stock, which was invented by the older generation of horticulturists in my country, has accelerated the utilization process of dwarf stock. The dwarfing middle stock apple seedlings use the seedlings bred by crabapple or wild apple as the base stock, graft the dwarf stock on the base stock to control the growth of the tree, and then graft the apple variety on the dwarf stock, forming the base stock + dwarf stock. The three-item seedlings composed of the intermediate stock + variety.

After years of cultivation practice, it has been shown that the use of dwarf intermediate stock seedlings to build gardens can achieve the effect of dwarfing the tree body and early fruiting, but there are also prominent big and small feet, serious premature aging of the tree body, and aggravated tree body and branch diseases. And other ills. Therefore, in comparison, the overall performance of dwarfing self-root stock seedlings is better than that of dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings.

It is the development direction of my country's apple industry to use dwarf apple seedlings to build orchards to carry out intensive cultivation. And dwarf stock apple seedlings should be vigorously promoted and applied. Due to the shortcomings of dwarfing self-root stock seedlings: the propagation steps of self-root stock are relatively cumbersome, and the reproduction coefficient is too low. Therefore, the amount of self-root seedlings in my country is too small to meet market demand, and the price is too high The popularization of dwarf self-root stock seedlings is limited.

How to simplify the propagation steps of dwarfed self-rooted seedlings, increase the reproduction coefficient to reduce the difficulty of propagation of self-rooted seedlings, increase the amount of self-rooted seedlings, and reduce the price of self-rooted seedlings is to use dwarfed self-rooted seedlings to build gardens The key to whether intensive cultivation can be advanced rapidly.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at above weak point, provides a kind of apple dwarf self-root stock seedling propagation method, has simplified the propagation step of dwarf self-root stock seedling, has improved reproduction coefficient to reduce the propagation difficulty of self-root stock seedling, has increased The amount of self-root stock seedlings reduces the price of self-root stock seedlings, and rapidly promotes the construction and intensive cultivation of dwarf self-root stock seedlings.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts to solve its technical problem is: a kind of apple dwarf self-root stock seedling breeding method comprises the following steps:

The first step: stock seedling cultivation, this step provides materials for the second step,

Sow the whole bed at the beginning of March. Before planting, plow the nursery ground deeply, plow the land, level the bed, ditch the bed and irrigate appropriately, wait for the water to infiltrate and then sow, rake level after sowing, cover with plastic film to moisturize and increase temperature; sowing method A double-row drill with a width of 70-80 cm and a narrow row of 40 cm can be used, and the sowing depth should be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the seed;

The second step: foundation stock planting, this step provides materials for the third step,

The land used for nursery construction shall be plowed, disinfected, prepared and fertilized. After autumn, plow to a depth of 30--40 cm. Apply 5,000--10,000 kg of high-quality soil manure and 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m ² . 1.5m, the planting ditch is 20cm deep. Cultivate seedlings in deep ditch at the beginning of April. When the seedlings cultivated in the first step grow 2-3 true leaves, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the planting ditch. strain;

Step 3: Connecting short stock in autumn, this step provides materials for the fourth step,

In the middle and late August, the healthy and pest-free branches of dwarf stock varieties are collected as scions, and the base stock seedlings cultivated in the second step are used as rootstocks. The dwarf stock collected by grafting with woody bud grafting is used at a place 5 cm above the root neck of the base stock seedlings. variety scion;

The fourth step: cut the anvil and wipe the buds, this step provides materials for the fifth step,

In March of the second year, cut the anvil at a place 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface in the previous year, and cut off all the upper parts. After cutting the anvil, all the buds at the base of the rootstock will be wiped off, leaving only the new sprouts of the grafted dwarf anvil buds;

The fifth step: engraving and wiping the wound, this step provides materials for the sixth step,

In mid-April of the second year, when the new shoots of the dwarf anvil grow to about 40 cm, use a knife to make 6 incisions within 20 cm above the grafting interface of the dwarf anvil. /3-1/2, apply 200ppm IBA to the wound after engraving;

The sixth step: bury the stem and promote the root, this step is the supplement and consolidation of the seventh step,

After cutting the wound and applying the medicine, remove the small ridge soil formed when the deep ditch was opened in the second step to cover the new shoots of the short stock to promote rooting;

The seventh step: summer grafting varieties, this step provides materials for the eighth step,

At the beginning of June in the second year, the healthy and pest-free branches of the species to be grafted are collected as scions, and the short stock bred in the previous steps is used as the rootstock, and the woody bud grafting method is used to graft the good varieties at the place where the rootstock is 20-30 cm above the ground;

Step 8: Cut the anvil and wipe the buds for the second time. This step provides materials for the ninth step.

One week after grafting, cut the anvil to promote germination in the range of 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, cut off all the scions 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, and erase all the buds other than the buds of the grafted variety, and only keep the new ones produced by the germination of the buds of the grafted variety. tip;

The ninth step: raising the seedlings and cutting the anvil, the tenth step of this step provides materials,

Before freezing at the end of October, dig out the seedlings, and cut off the base stock below the grafting interface when the dwarf stock is grafted in the third step in autumn;

The tenth step: graded storage, this step is the last step of this patent,

The seedlings treated in the ninth step are graded according to standards such as thickness and height, and the graded seedlings are artificially planted and stored

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

Step 2: As one of the core steps of this patent, deep ditch seedling cultivation has changed the traditional flat furrow seedling cultivation, and the small seedlings are planted in deep ditch. It is important to provide convenience for the sixth step of burying and promoting root operation.

The third step: the most important thing in the autumn grafting of the dwarf stock is to change the grafting site to 5cm from the ground, so that in the sixth step, burying the stem and promoting the root can bury more dwarf stock in the soil to promote the root.

The fifth step: cutting and wiping is one of the core steps of this patent. Both operations of cutting and wiping can promote the dwarf anvil to send out more adventitious roots during the sixth step of treatment.

The sixth step: burying the stem and promoting the root is one of the core steps of this patent. The limiting factor for the propagation of dwarf self-root stock seedlings is the low multiplication coefficient. Usually the traditional layering method generally needs a branch of 40-50cm to breed 2-3 seedlings, and the dwarf stock stock nursery of one mu of land can breed 2-3 ten thousand strains of self-root stock seedlings at most; but this step can promote Adventitious roots appear in the part of the branch buried in the soil after budding on the dwarf stock, which makes it possible to breed a dwarf stock seedling from a dwarf stock bud, and significantly improves the reproduction coefficient, so that the dwarf stock female parent nursery of one mu of land can breed 10 - 150,000 root stock seedlings.

The ninth step: raising seedlings and cutting the anvil is one of the core steps of this patent. Through this step, the three components are changed into two components, and the intermediate anvil is changed into a self-root anvil.

Description of drawings

Shown in Fig. 1 is the operation flowchart of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Embodiment 1: The dwarf self-root stock seedling of Yanfu No. 3 is bred by the patented method.

Materials: Seed: Pingyi sweet tea; dwarf stock: M9T337, variety: Yanfu 3.

Time: 2012-2013.

Process: In early March 2012, the whole field was sown. Before sowing, the nursery ground was plowed deeply, the soil was plowed deeply, the field was leveled, the field was ditched and watered appropriately, and the seeds were sown after the water infiltrated. Warm; the sowing method can be double row sowing with a width of 70-80cm and a narrow row of 40cm. The sowing depth of Pingyi sweet tea is preferably 2-3 times the diameter of the seed; After plowing, the depth is 30--40cm. Every 667m2, apply 5000--10000kg of high ^- quality soil manure and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer. Use machinery to complete and dig trenches. The width of the border is 1.5m, and the depth of the planting ditch is 20cm. Cultivate seedlings in deep ditch at the beginning of April. When the base stock seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the planting ditch. The distance between seedlings is 15-20 cm. In the last ten days, the healthy and pest-free branches of the M9T337 dwarf stock variety are collected as scions, and the base stock seedlings cultivated are used as rootstocks, and the scion of the dwarf stock varieties collected by grafting with woody bud grafting is adopted at the place 5 cm above the root neck of the base stock seedlings; the second In March of the previous year, cut the anvil at the place 0.5-1cm above the autumn grafting interface of the previous year, and cut off all the upper part. After cutting the anvil, all the buds at the base of the rootstock will be wiped off, leaving only the new shoots that germinated from the grafted dwarf anvil buds; the second year In mid-April, when the new shoots of the dwarf anvil grow to about 40 cm, use a knife to make 6 incisions within 20 cm above the grafting interface of the dwarf anvil. 1/2, smear the wound with 200ppm IBA after incision; after incision and smearing the medicine, remove the small ridge soil formed during the second step of deep ditching to cover the new shoots of the short stock, and promote rooting; collection in early June of the second year The healthy and pest-free branches of the variety Yanfu No. 3 to be grafted are used as scions, and the dwarf stock bred in the previous steps is used as the rootstock, and the rootstock is 20-30cm above the ground, and the good variety is grafted by budding with wood; one week after grafting, it is above the grafting interface. Cut the anvil in the range of 0.5-1cm to promote germination, cut off all the scions 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, wipe off the buds other than the buds of the grafted varieties, and only keep the new shoots produced by the germination of the buds of the grafted varieties; from the end of October to before freezing , dig out the seedlings, and cut off the base stock below the grafting interface when the third step is grafting the dwarf stock; the seedlings that will be processed in the ninth step are graded according to standards such as thickness and height, and the seedlings that are classified into good grades are classified Fake storage

Embodiment two: adopt this patent method to breed the dwarf self-root stock seedling of Shoufu No. 1.

Materials: Seed: Pingyi sweet tea; dwarf stock: M9T337, variety: Shoufu No. 1.

Time: 2012-2013.

Process: In early March 2012, the whole field was sown. Before sowing, the nursery ground was plowed deeply, the soil was plowed deeply, the field was leveled, the field was ditched and watered appropriately, and the seeds were sown after the water infiltrated. Warm; the sowing method can be double row sowing with a width of 70-80cm and a narrow row of 40cm. The sowing depth of Pingyi sweet tea is preferably 2-3 times the diameter of the seed; After plowing, the depth is 30--40cm. Every 667m2, apply 5000--10000kg of high ^- quality soil manure and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer. Use machinery to complete and dig trenches. The width of the border is 1.5m, and the depth of the planting ditch is 20cm. Cultivate seedlings in deep ditch at the beginning of April. When the base stock seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the planting ditch. The distance between seedlings is 15-20 cm. In the last ten days, the healthy and pest-free branches of the M9T337 dwarf stock variety are collected as scions, and the base stock seedlings cultivated are used as rootstocks, and the scion of the dwarf stock varieties collected by grafting with woody bud grafting is adopted at the place 5 cm above the root neck of the base stock seedlings; the second In March of the previous year, cut the anvil at a place 0.5-1cm above the autumn grafting interface of the previous year, and cut off all the upper part. After cutting the anvil, all the buds at the base of the rootstock will be wiped off, leaving only the new shoots that germinated from the grafted dwarf anvil buds; the second year In mid-April, when the new shoots of the dwarf anvil grow to about 40 cm, use a knife to make 6 incisions within 20 cm above the grafting interface of the dwarf anvil. 1/2, smear the wound with 200ppm IBA after incision; after incision and smearing the medicine, remove the small ridge soil formed in the second step of deep trenching to cover the new shoots of the short stock, and promote rooting; collect in early June of the second year The healthy and pest-free branches of the richest variety to be grafted are used as scions, and the dwarf stock bred in the previous steps is used as the rootstock. The rootstock is 20-30cm above the ground, and the good variety is grafted by budding with wood; one week after grafting, the grafting interface is 0.5 Cut the anvil in the range of -1cm to promote germination, cut off all the scions 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, wipe off the buds other than the buds of the grafted varieties, and only keep the new shoots produced by the germination of the buds of the grafted varieties; before the end of October to freezing, Dig out the seedlings, and cut off the base stock below the grafting interface when the dwarfing stock is grafted in the third step; classify the seedlings treated in the ninth step according to standards such as thickness and height, and perform artificial plant storage

Embodiment three: The dwarf self-root stock seedlings of Gala are bred by the patented method.

Materials: Seed: Pingyi Sweet Tea; Dwarf Stock: M9, Variety: Gala.

Time: 2013-2014.

Process: In early March 2012, the whole field was sown. Before sowing, the nursery ground was plowed deeply, the soil was plowed deeply, the field was leveled, the field was ditched and watered appropriately, and the seeds were sown after the water infiltrated. Warm; the sowing method can be double row sowing with a width of 70-80cm and a narrow row of 40cm. The sowing depth of Pingyi sweet tea is preferably 2-3 times the diameter of the seed; After plowing, the depth is 30--40cm. Every 667m2, apply 5000--10000kg of high ^- quality soil manure and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer. Use machinery to complete and dig trenches. The width of the border is 1.5m, and the depth of the planting ditch is 20cm. Cultivate seedlings in deep ditch at the beginning of April. When the base stock seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, transplant the seedlings and plant them in the planting ditch. The distance between seedlings is 15-20 cm. In the last ten days, the healthy and pest-free branches of the M9 dwarf stock variety are collected as scions, and the base stock seedlings cultivated are used as stock, and at the place 5 cm above the root neck of the base stock seedlings, the scion of dwarf stock varieties collected by grafting with woody bud grafting is adopted; the second In March of the previous year, cut the anvil at the place 0.5-1cm above the autumn grafting interface of the previous year, and cut off all the upper part. After cutting the anvil, all the buds at the base of the rootstock will be wiped off, leaving only the new shoots that germinated from the grafted dwarf anvil buds; the second year In mid-April, when the new shoots of the dwarf anvil grow to about 40 cm, use a knife to make 6 incisions within 20 cm above the grafting interface of the dwarf anvil. 1/2, smear the wound with 200ppm IBA after incision; after incision and smearing the medicine, remove the small ridge soil formed during the second step of deep ditching to cover the new shoots of the short stock, and promote rooting; collection in early June of the second year The healthy and pest-free branches of the variety Gala to be grafted are used as scions, and the dwarf stock bred in the previous steps is used as the rootstock. The rootstock is 20-30cm above the ground, and the good variety is grafted by budding with wood; one week after grafting, the grafting interface is 0.5- Cut the anvil within 1cm to promote germination, cut off all the scions 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, wipe off the buds other than the buds of the grafted varieties, and only keep the new shoots produced by the germination of the buds of the grafted varieties; Dig out the seedlings, and cut off the base stocks below the grafting interface when the dwarf stock is grafted in the third step; classify the seedlings treated in the ninth step according to the standards of thickness and height, and artificially plant the classified seedlings storage

Of course, the above descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention shall also belong to the present invention. protection scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. an apple dwarfing self-root stock seedling breeding method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: The first step: stock seedling cultivation, this step provides materials for the second step, Sow the whole bed at the beginning of March. Before planting, plow the nursery ground deeply, plow the land, level the bed, ditch the bed and irrigate appropriately, wait for the water to infiltrate and then sow, rake level after sowing, cover with plastic film to moisturize and increase temperature; sowing method Choose a double-row drill with a width of 70-80 cm and a narrow row of 40 cm, and the sowing depth should be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the seed; The second step: deep ditch seedling cultivation, this step provides materials for the third step, The land used for nursery construction shall be plowed, disinfected, prepared and fertilized. After autumn, plow with a depth of 30-40cm. Every 667m2, apply 5000-10000kg of high ^- quality soil manure and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer. Machine the furrows and dig ditches with a width of 1.5m. , the planting ditch is 20cm deep, and the seedlings are raised in the deep ditch in early April. When the seedlings cultivated in the first step grow 2 to 3 true leaves, the seedlings are transplanted and planted in the planting ditch with a distance of 15 to 20 cm. Amount of 0.9-1.2 million plants; Step 3: Connecting short stock in autumn, this step provides materials for the fourth step, In the middle and late August, the healthy and pest-free branches of dwarf stock varieties are collected as scions, and the base stock seedlings cultivated in the second step are used as rootstocks. The dwarf stock collected by grafting with woody bud grafting is used at a place 5 cm above the root neck of the base stock seedlings. variety scion; The fourth step: cut the anvil and wipe the buds, this step provides materials for the fifth step, In March of the second year, cut the anvil at a place 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface in the previous year, and cut off all the upper parts. After cutting the anvil, all the buds at the base of the rootstock will be wiped off, leaving only the new sprouts of the grafted dwarf anvil buds; The fifth step: engraving and wiping the wound, this step provides materials for the sixth step, In mid-April of the second year, when the new shoots of the dwarf anvil grow to about 40 cm, use a knife to make 6 incisions within 20 cm above the grafting interface of the dwarf anvil. /3-1/2, apply 200ppm IBA to the wound after engraving; The sixth step: bury the stem and promote the root, this step is the supplement and consolidation of the seventh step, After cutting the wound and applying the medicine, remove the small ridge soil formed when the deep ditch was opened in the second step to cover the branches of the short anvil to promote rooting; The seventh step: summer grafting varieties, this step provides materials for the eighth step, At the beginning of June in the second year, the healthy and pest-free branches of the species to be grafted are collected as scions, and the short stock bred in the previous steps is used as the rootstock, and the woody bud grafting method is used to graft fine varieties at the place where the rootstock is 20-30 cm above the ground; Step 8: Cut the anvil and wipe the buds for the second time. This step provides materials for the ninth step. One week after grafting, cut the anvil to promote germination in the range of 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, cut off all the scions 0.5-1cm above the grafting interface, and erase all the buds other than the buds of the grafted variety, and only keep the new ones produced by the germination of the buds of the grafted variety. tip; The ninth step: raising the seedlings and cutting the anvil, the tenth step of this step provides materials, Before freezing at the end of October, dig out the seedlings, and cut off the base stock below the grafting interface when the dwarf stock is grafted in the third step in autumn; The tenth step: graded storage, this step is the last step of this patent, The seedlings treated in the ninth step are graded according to the standards of thickness and height, and the graded seedlings are artificially planted and stored.