CN103503699A

CN103503699A - Reproduction method for rejuvenizing excellent mature individual plant of rubber tree

Info

Publication number: CN103503699A
Application number: CN201310284067.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴裕; 倪书邦; 毛常丽; 张凤良; 胡永华
Original assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Current assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Priority date: 2013-07-08
Filing date: 2013-07-08
Publication date: 2014-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2033-07-08
Also published as: CN103503699B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest genetic breeding technologies, and relates to a reproduction method for rejuvenizing an excellent mature individual plant of a rubber tree, in particular to a method for reproducing an excellent mature individual plant scion of the rubber treat to a juvenile clone. The reproduction method is based on a nursery garden, the mature scion serves as a reproduction material, budling is obtained through a grafting method with an apical bud, reproduction is expanded through a budding method, an adventitious bud sprouts to be a stem through a method of removing an axillary bud and bending the stem, the stem produces an adventitious root through a method of combining binding the lower portion of the stem through a thick rope and drug treatment, the stem is bent again when a first leaf is stable, and a juvenile stem with good verticality and the fast-growing property is obtained by enabling the adventitious bud near to the adventitious root to sprout. Reproduction of the juvenile stem obtained through rejuvenation processing can be expanded through a budding method to establish a scion collecting garden. The reproduction method for rejuvenizing the mature excellent individual plant of the rubber tree enables the mature rubber tree to be rejuvenized to have the juvenile fast-growing property and verticality, so that the clone represents the excellent property of an original plant, and meanwhile the problem of clonal test failure caused by phasic development inconformity is solved.

Description

The multiple young propagation method of a kind of bamboo grows fine individual plant stereotype

Technical field

The invention belongs to Forest Tree Genetic Breeding field, relate to natural rubber resource plant bamboo grows ( hevea brasiliensis) scion of the large tree stereotype of the good individual plant that grows directly from seeds is multiplied into the clonal method of juvenile form.

Background technology

Bamboo grows be Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae) Hevea ( hevea) high megaphanerophyte.Bamboo grows is the main source seeds of natural rubber, originates in Brazilian tropical rain forest, at present in South Asia, Africa and South America torrid areas commercial crop.The popularization of bamboo grows improved seeds makes natural rubber annual yield by area rise to 3000kg/hm from 300kg/hm, and grafting clone is the principal mode that improved seeds are promoted.Bamboo grows is mainly gathered in the crops latex, is secondly timber, so require grafting bamboo grows to have good fast-growing and orthostatic, namely has good " property childhood ".Select the fine individual plant of growing directly from seeds that grows up, set up after clone comparative test, select choiceness kind, this is the maturation method of forest genetics.But the branch of large tree has adult property, grafting or cottage propagation become clone nursery stock, after afforestation, show as poor growth, blossom and bear fruit too early, the features such as the not obvious or trunk deflection of trunk, have lost fast-growing and the orthostatic of plant childhood, are called " maturation effect ".Maturation effect is all inescapable natural laws of any trees, and bamboo grows is no exception certainly.

The 60-80 age in 20th century, the bamboo grows of growing directly from seeds has in a large number been planted in Zhi Jiao district, Yunnan, so far the age of tree is not from 30-60 etc., wherein have more than minority individual plant produces dry glue 100kg per year, the more than 30 times of colony's mean value, and amount of growth is large especially, the genotype that these are special, has the potentiality of cultivating choiceness kind.Yet the age of tree not etc., is not subject to the impact of maturation effect, relatively validity is poor for clone; Be subject to equally the impact of maturation effect, clone can not show the original merit of the individual plant that grows directly from seeds.How the good individual plant that grows directly from seeds of bamboo grows stereotype carries out multiple children's breeding is the problem that academia pays close attention to always.

Mr. meter Qiu Lin of breeding man of the former Soviet Union thinks, root coppice shoot can make veteran multiple children to greatest extent, this method willow ( populusspp.) etc. the application that succeeded in trees, but the report of bamboo grows so far there are no root coppice shoot; Another kind of way is by tree felling greatly, and its stem foot is branched out, and obtains juvenile form branch, but the large tree of bamboo grows is through rubber tapping for many years, and the primary scytoblastema of butt originally exhausts, and the probability of sprouting is minimum, probably stub is withered and cause excellent germplasm to destroy, and this method substantially need not in real work; The flower pesticide of take is organized cultivation as explant, can answer children, and in some genotype of bamboo grows, (cloud grinds 77-2 to this method, Deng) succeed, but most gene type is not yet solved a difficult technical problem, and higher to equipment and specification requirement, and this method is restricted in practice; Rubber Grafting adopts bud grafting method, thereby people adopt the method for multiple budding to make it to obtain part childrenization, this method requires budling can peeling and realize bud grafting, but because these fine individual plant age of trees are large, add long-term rubber tapping, tree vigo(u)r is old and feeble, blade is intensive, branch can not peeling, and axillalry bud is divided into bud mostly, can not meet the condition of bud grafting breeding.Above-mentioned several method is all right obstructed to the multiple children of bamboo grows stereotype fine individual plant.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of simple and easy to do multiple young propagation method, adopt fine individual plant stereotype band terminal bud branch to carry out scion grafting, adopt axillalry bud to carry out bud grafting expanding propagation again, impel indefinite bud to sprout into stem, make stem produce adventive root, impel near the indefinite bud of adventive root sprout and obtain juvenile form budling, comprise following process:

1, scion grafting: take annual seedling as stock; In rainy season, from the large tree of fine individual plant, gather aging the stablizing of ceiling leaf and more healthy and stronger branch, selection diameter 8mm is above, the band terminal bud branch of long 8cm is implemented splice grafting, and terminal bud germination is to reach the object of breed conservation; 2, bud grafting: Second Year rainy season, scion grows the fluffy leaf of 3-4, high 60-100cm, can provide more axillalry bud to carry out bud grafting breeding, expands plant quantity.After bud grafting survives, saw then anvil, bud sheet is sprouted and formed grafting plant, when the first fluffy leaf is stablized, with scraper, remove the axillalry bud (comprising scale bud) within the scope of stem foot 10cm; 3, hestening rooting: the 3rd year spring and summer, impels the indefinite bud of base portion to sprout into the plant of vertical growth stem press-bending.When the first fluffy leaf is stablized, with scraper, remove the axillalry bud (comprising scale bud) within the scope of the 15cm of stem bottom, in bottom, 5cm place bundlees stem with thick line, within the scope of the above 3cm in binding position, many places are carved and are hindered stem, coat high-concentration naphthalene acetic acid solution, then earthing, to the above 10cm of wound site place, impels stem to produce adventive root; 4, obtain juvenile form budling: the 4th year spring and summer, check adventive root growing state, by having the plants stems dry-pressing of adventive root curved, note bud picking, impel near indefinite bud sprouting adventive root, grow up to the juvenile form stem with good orthostatic and fast-growing.Through multiple young stem, have the bud sheet that a plurality of proterties are good, available bud grafting method expanding propagation is set up cutting orchard and is used.

The present invention makes stereotype scion successfully answer children by the method that progressively childrenization and root promote childrenization to combine, and tool has the following advantages: do not need expensive group training equipment and meticulous tissue culture technology, cost is low; Bamboo grows stock seedling growing process is very ripe, prepares stock easy; With terminal bud whip grafting, avoided that stereotype branch stripping non-scale and axillalry bud are bloomed and a difficult problem that can not bud grafting; Got around the difficult problem that can not obtain root coppice shoot, but obtained the effective impact of root on bud childrenization, made multiple children's work more thorough.

Claims

1. a bamboo grows fine individual plant stereotype is answered young propagation method, it is characterized in that: take stereotype scion as propagating materials, by sprout near the indefinite bud that stem → stem produces adventive root → adventive root with terminal bud scion grafting → bud grafting → indefinite bud, sprout → obtain juvenile form stem.

2. a kind of bamboo grows fine individual plant stereotype according to claim 1 is answered young propagation method, it is characterized in that: the scion grafting of band terminal bud, the long 8cm of scion, splice grafting method, film wrapped immerses and prevents that scion moisture from distributing to prevent rainwater, guarantees that terminal bud position only has thin film parcel.

3. the multiple young propagation method of a kind of bamboo grows fine individual plant stereotype according to claim 1, is characterized in that: with scraper, remove axillalry bud (comprising scale bud); Utilize the stem of indefinite bud pumping to produce again adventive root.

4. the multiple young propagation method of a kind of bamboo grows fine individual plant stereotype according to claim 1, is characterized in that: utilize near the indefinite bud of adventive root to sprout into the juvenile form stem with good orthostatic and fast-growing.