CN111011080A - Rejuvenation cultivation method for old hydrangea stub - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for rejuvenating old hydrangea stumps, which comprises the following steps: 1) building an embroidered ball garden; 2) selecting healthy old piles; 3) selecting the time for digging seedlings and bagging; 4) reasonably pruning roots; 5) reasonably matching the culture medium; 6) promoting the number of bottom buds and rejuvenation of strong buds; 7) reasonably pruning; 8) a fertilizing method; 9) controlling plant diseases and insect pests; 10) regulating and controlling the color. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method for rejuvenating old hydrangea peg has the advantages of simple process, strong later-stage recovery capability and high growth speed, and remarkably improves the yield and economic benefit.

Description

Rejuvenation cultivation method for old hydrangea stub

One, the technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of horticultural plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation technology for rejuvenating old hydrangea pegs.

Second, background Art

Hydrangea (its scientific name: Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.), also known as Hydrangea, Astrongylus, etc., is a plant of Hydrangea of Saxifragaceae. Lignified herbaceous and shrub with the height of 1-4 m; the stem often emits a plurality of radial branches at the base to form a circular or cylindrical bush. The hydrangea flower is plump, large and beautiful in flower shape, red and blue in flower color, and pleasant in eyes, and is a common pot-cultivated ornamental flower. The time for cultivating hydrangea in China is earlier, and hydrangea is cultivated in Jiangnan gardens constructed in the Ming and Qing times. The park built in the beginning of the 20 th century does not have the match planting of the embroidered balls. Modern parks and scenic spots are planted in a sheet to form a landscape. But the problems of poor later recovery capability and slow growth speed generally exist at present.

Third, the invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for rejuvenating old cut flower hydrangea stakes.

The technical scheme is as follows: 1. a method for rejuvenating an old hydrangea pile is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing an embroidered ball garden: building a garden in a flat soil area with ventilation and sunny exposure and rich water sources, taking a planting bag as a cultivation container, setting the height of the container to be higher by red bricks, preventing water accumulation and increasing ventilation volume, wherein the row spacing of plants is 1 meter multiplied by 1 meter, and the rows and the columns of the arrangement mode are aligned;

2) screening healthy old piles: selecting 5-year-old plants, wherein the crown width of the pile head is about 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the weight is about 1kg, the excessive size is not suitable for affecting bagging, the backward growth volume is not reached when the size is too small, and the planting bag uses a non-woven bag with the specification of 35cm multiplied by 30 cm;

3) selecting the seedling digging and bagging time: digging seedlings after the mountain falls in the sun, getting out of the vehicle at night, and bagging in a sun-shading environment in the shortest time to be most suitable;

4) reasonably pruning roots: old roots with high lignification degree are cut off, the surplus hairy roots are cut to leave about 20cm, plants need to be placed right during planting, the root systems are naturally unfolded and horizontally placed in 15% of planting bags, and the root systems are slightly lifted to be unfolded;

5) the cultivation substrate is reasonably matched: mixing organic fertilizer, pine bark, peat and loess according to the mass percent ratio of 1: 2: 3: 4;

6) the most important work in promoting the number of the bottom buds and the rejuvenation of the strong buds is promoting the bottom bud outbreak, and the bottom bud outbreak is respectively treated in two conditions: firstly, when the number of the germinated bottom buds is small and 1-4 plants are germinated, the whole plant is thin and weak, and the treatment mode is as follows: erasing terminal buds and lateral buds of the existing branches, spraying 0.1% of urea once for 7 days to promote the germination of basal buds of the base parts, and entering a vegetative growth culture stage if the basal buds are germinated again and the quantity of the basal buds is sufficient; if the number of the bottom buds is not enough, repeating the bud picking step; secondly, when the side buds burst are more and the bottom buds are insufficient, the treatment method is as follows: removing all lateral buds, cutting branches of the germinated lateral buds to a base part, and supplying all nutrients of the plant to the growth of bottom buds in a centralized manner; if the total number of the bottom buds is still less than 4 after the lateral buds are removed, repeating the treatment mode of the first condition; if the quantity of the bottom buds is sufficient, the branches can be reserved for cultivation;

7) and (6) reasonably trimming. Pruning principle: old piles are pruned for the first time, all aged wooden branches are pruned to be 1cm short, and therefore the influence on the growth of new buds and the nutrition consumption caused by lateral buds sprouting during the later period of bottom bud outbreak is prevented; when pruning is carried out for 6-7 months, pruning is carried out at positions where 4 mature leaves or two pairs of lateral buds are left; the temperature is gradually increased in 8 months, and the top buds are pinched off as the reference during pruning, so that the lateral buds are promoted to germinate; after 8 months, pruning is not carried out, so that the flower buds are not pruned by mistake, and no flowers can be enjoyed in the next year;

8) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: before 8 months, namely nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material in the vegetative growth period and phosphate fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material, the growth of leaves is promoted, and the stems are thickened; from 9 months to 5 months in the next year, namely the growth period, the potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, the phosphate fertilizer is used as the auxiliary component, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the stem is thickened, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: after 6-7 months of pruning, spraying 0.1% of urea by mass percent on the leaf surfaces according to the frequency of once every 7 days; at a frequency of once every 30 days, 5g of calcium superphosphate per pot is used for covering soil surface soil; after 9 months, the urea is stopped from being used, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is used for applying granular fertilizer to the soil in the basin, 3-5 g of the granular fertilizer is applied to the surface of the soil in each basin once every 15 days; after 12 months, the leaves begin to fall off, the use of 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is gradually reduced, and the use is changed to once every 20 days, wherein the amount of the N-P-K compound fertilizer in each pot is 1-3 g; at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months in the next year, buds begin to sprout, water and fertilizer supply is increased, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% by mass is sprayed on leaf surfaces once every 7 days, and simultaneously, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days in a pot by 3-5 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer; after the buds are colored, only monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is used for foliar fertilization once every 7 days.

9) Controlling plant diseases and insect pests: spraying a medicament for killing mites when the red spiders are damaged frequently, spraying 2-3 conventional medicaments in turn for 2-3 times when the red spiders are seriously damaged and are needed for 4-5 days, and mainly spraying the back of tender leaves on the upper part of a plant; secondly, controlling anthracnose by increasing plant-row spacing and increasing ventilation; powdery mildew is treated by artificially removing diseased leaves, spraying powdery mildew universal medicament, continuously spraying for 7 days, and keeping ventilation to prevent relapse; the planting in south China is suitable for manual leaf removal in winter, so that the nutrition loss caused by diseases is reduced, and the flower volume can be increased. 10) Regulating and controlling the flower color: acid soil is needed for cultivating the blue flower ball, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, white vinegar is added with water for adjusting the acid, 1000ml of water is added with 5-10 ml of water, a pH test paper is used for testing, the pH is adjusted to be 5.2-5.5, and watering is carried out once every 7 days; meanwhile, the soil needs to be supplemented with aluminum ions, aluminum sulfate powder is used, a solution is prepared according to the mass percentage of 0.1%, the soil is supplemented with the aluminum ions in a watering mode, and the leaves cannot be watered, so that the leaves are prevented from being burnt; the pink or red flower ball cultivation method needs alkaline soil, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide is used, the pH value is adjusted to be 8.0-9.0 after water is dissolved, watering is carried out once in 7 days, and meanwhile, monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is sprayed once every 7 days.

Fourth, detailed description of the invention

The cultivation method of the invention has the following specific implementation modes:

1. a method for rejuvenating an old hydrangea pile is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing an embroidered ball garden: building a garden in a flat soil area with ventilation and sunny exposure and rich water sources, taking a planting bag as a cultivation container, setting the height of the container to be higher by red bricks, preventing water accumulation and increasing ventilation volume, wherein the row spacing of plants is 1 meter multiplied by 1 meter, and the rows and the columns of the arrangement mode are aligned;

2) screening healthy old piles: selecting 5-year-old plants, wherein the crown width of the pile head is about 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the weight is about 1kg, and the planting bag is a non-woven bag with the specification of 35cm multiplied by 30 cm;

3) selecting the seedling digging and bagging time: digging seedlings after the mountain falls in the sun, getting out of the vehicle at night, and bagging in a sun-shading environment in the shortest time to be most suitable;

4) reasonably pruning roots: old roots with high lignification degree are cut off, the surplus hairy roots are cut to leave about 20cm, plants need to be placed right during planting, the root systems are naturally unfolded and horizontally placed in 15% of planting bags, and the root systems are slightly lifted to be unfolded;

5) the cultivation substrate is reasonably matched: mixing organic fertilizer, pine bark, peat and loess according to the mass percent ratio of 1: 2: 3: 4;

6) the most important work in promoting the number of the bottom buds and the rejuvenation of the strong buds is promoting the bottom bud outbreak, and the bottom bud outbreak is respectively treated in two conditions: firstly, when the number of the germinated bottom buds is small and 1-4 plants are germinated, the whole plant is thin and weak, and the treatment mode is as follows: erasing terminal buds and lateral buds of the existing branches, spraying 0.1% of urea once for 7 days to promote the germination of basal buds of the base parts, and entering a vegetative growth culture stage if the basal buds are germinated again and the quantity of the basal buds is sufficient; if the number of the bottom buds is not enough, repeating the bud picking step; secondly, when the side buds burst are more and the bottom buds are insufficient, the treatment method is as follows: removing all lateral buds, cutting branches of the germinated lateral buds to a base part, and supplying all nutrients of the plant to the growth of bottom buds in a centralized manner; if the total number of the bottom buds is still less than 4 after the lateral buds are removed, repeating the treatment mode of the first condition; if the quantity of the bottom buds is sufficient, the branches can be reserved for cultivation;

7) reasonably trimming: pruning principle: old piles are pruned for the first time, all aged wooden branches are pruned to be 1cm short, and therefore the influence on the growth of new buds and the nutrition consumption caused by lateral buds sprouting during the later period of bottom bud outbreak is prevented; when pruning is carried out for 6-7 months, pruning is carried out at positions where 4 mature leaves or two pairs of lateral buds are left; the temperature is gradually increased in 8 months, and the top buds are pinched off as the reference during pruning, so that the lateral buds are promoted to germinate; after 8 months, pruning is not carried out, so that the flower buds are not pruned by mistake, and no flowers can be enjoyed in the next year;

8) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: before 8 months, namely nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material in the vegetative growth period and phosphate fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material, the growth of leaves is promoted, and the stems are thickened; from 9 months to 5 months in the next year, namely the growth period, the potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, the phosphate fertilizer is used as the auxiliary component, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the stem is thickened, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: after 6-7 months of pruning, spraying 0.1% of urea by mass percent on the leaf surfaces according to the frequency of once every 7 days; at a frequency of once every 30 days, 5g of calcium superphosphate per pot is used for covering soil surface soil; after 9 months, the urea is stopped from being used, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is used for applying granular fertilizer to the soil in the basin, 3-5 g of the granular fertilizer is applied to the surface of the soil in each basin once every 15 days; after 12 months, the leaves begin to fall off, the use of 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is gradually reduced, and the use is changed to once every 20 days, wherein the amount of the N-P-K compound fertilizer in each pot is 1-3 g; at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months in the next year, buds begin to sprout, water and fertilizer supply is increased, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% by mass is sprayed on leaf surfaces once every 7 days, and simultaneously, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days in a pot by 3-5 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer; after the buds are colored, only monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is used for foliar fertilization once every 7 days.

9) Controlling plant diseases and insect pests: the common red spider is damaged, a pesticide for killing mites needs to be sprayed, when the mites are serious, the pesticide is sprayed once in 4-5 days, 9.5% of mite-killing missible oil 2000-3000 times liquid or 15% of mite-clearing missible oil 1500 times liquid is selected to be sprayed in turn, the mites are continuously prevented and treated for 2-3 times, and the back of tender leaves at the upper part of a plant is sprayed in a focused manner; secondly, controlling anthracnose by increasing plant-row spacing and increasing ventilation; powdery mildew is treated by artificially removing diseased leaves, spraying powdery mildew universal medicament, continuously spraying for 7 days, and keeping ventilation to prevent relapse; the planting in south China is suitable for manual leaf removal in winter, so that the nutrition loss caused by diseases is reduced, and the flower volume can be increased.

10) Regulating and controlling the flower color: acid soil is needed for cultivating the blue flower ball, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, white vinegar is added with water for adjusting the acid, 1000ml of water is added with 5-10 ml of water, a pH test paper is used for testing, the pH is adjusted to be 5.2-5.5, and watering is carried out once every 7 days; meanwhile, the soil needs to be supplemented with aluminum ions, aluminum sulfate powder is used, a solution is prepared according to the mass percentage of 0.1%, the soil is supplemented with the aluminum ions in a watering mode, and the leaves cannot be watered, so that the leaves are prevented from being burnt; the pink or red flower ball cultivation method needs alkaline soil, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide is used, the pH value is adjusted to be 8.0-9.0 after water is dissolved, watering is carried out once in 7 days, and meanwhile, monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is sprayed once every 7 days.

The finished product of the hydrangea macrophylla produced by the cultivation method has the following results: the cultivation period is 8 months, the height of the plant is 1m or more, the crown width is 0.8-1.0 m, the number of flower heads is 6-14, and the average diameter of flower balls is 18 cm.

Claims (1)

1. The cultivation method for rejuvenating the old hydrangea stumps is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing an embroidered ball garden: building a garden in a flat soil area with ventilation and sunny exposure and rich water sources, taking a planting bag as a cultivation container, setting the height of the container to be higher by red bricks, preventing water accumulation and increasing ventilation volume, wherein the row spacing of plants is 1 meter multiplied by 1 meter, and the rows and the columns of the arrangement mode are aligned;

2) screening healthy old piles: selecting 5-year-old plants, wherein the crown width of the pile head is about 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the weight is about 1kg, the excessive size is not suitable for affecting bagging, the backward growth volume is not reached when the size is too small, and the planting bag uses a non-woven bag with the specification of 35cm multiplied by 30 cm;

3) selecting the seedling digging and bagging time: digging seedlings after the mountain falls in the sun, getting out of the vehicle at night, and bagging in a sun-shading environment in the shortest time to be most suitable;

4) reasonably pruning roots: old roots with high lignification degree are cut off, the surplus hairy roots are cut to leave about 20cm, plants need to be placed right during planting, the root systems are naturally unfolded and horizontally placed in 15% of planting bags, and the root systems are slightly lifted to be unfolded;

5) the cultivation substrate is reasonably matched: mixing organic fertilizer, bark, peat and loess according to the mass percent ratio of 1: 2: 3: 4;

6) the most important work in promoting the number of the bottom buds and the rejuvenation of the strong buds is promoting the bottom bud outbreak, and the bottom bud outbreak is respectively treated in two conditions: firstly, when the number of the germinated bottom buds is small and 1-4 plants are germinated, the whole plant is thin and weak, and the treatment mode is as follows: erasing terminal buds and lateral buds of the existing branches, spraying 0.1% of urea once for 7 days to promote the germination of basal buds of the base parts, and entering a vegetative growth culture stage if the basal buds are germinated again and the quantity of the basal buds is sufficient; if the number of the bottom buds is not enough, repeating the bud picking step; secondly, when the side buds burst are more and the bottom buds are insufficient, the treatment method is as follows: removing all lateral buds, cutting branches of the germinated lateral buds to a base part, and supplying all nutrients of the plant to the growth of bottom buds in a centralized manner; if the total number of the bottom buds is still less than 4 after the lateral buds are removed, repeating the treatment mode of the first condition; if the quantity of the bottom buds is sufficient, the branches can be reserved for cultivation;

7) reasonably trimming: pruning principle: old piles are pruned for the first time, all aged wooden branches are pruned to be 1cm short, and therefore the influence on the growth of new buds and the nutrition consumption caused by lateral buds sprouting during the later period of bottom bud outbreak is prevented; when pruning is carried out for 6-7 months, pruning is carried out at positions where 4 mature leaves or two pairs of lateral buds are left; the temperature is gradually increased in 8 months, and the top buds are pinched off as the reference during pruning, so that the lateral buds are promoted to germinate; after 8 months, pruning is not carried out, so that the flower buds are not pruned by mistake, and no flowers can be enjoyed in the next year;

8) the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: before 8 months, namely nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material in the vegetative growth period and phosphate fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material, the growth of leaves is promoted, and the stems are thickened; from 9 months to 5 months in the next year, namely the growth period, the potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, the phosphate fertilizer is used as the auxiliary component, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the stem is thickened, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: after 6-7 months of pruning, spraying 0.1% of urea by mass percent on the leaf surfaces according to the frequency of once every 7 days; at a frequency of once every 30 days, 5g of calcium superphosphate per pot is used for covering soil surface soil; after 9 months, the urea is stopped from being used, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is used for applying granular fertilizer to the soil in the basin, 3-5 g of the granular fertilizer is applied to the surface of the soil in each basin once every 15 days; after 12 months, the leaves begin to fall off, the use of 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is gradually reduced, and the use is changed to once every 20 days, wherein the amount of the N-P-K compound fertilizer in each pot is 1-3 g; at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months in the next year, buds begin to sprout, water and fertilizer supply is increased, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% by mass is sprayed on leaf surfaces once every 7 days, and simultaneously, 15-15 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days in a pot by 3-5 g of N-P-K compound fertilizer; after the buds are colored, only monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is used for foliar fertilization once every 7 days.

9) Controlling plant diseases and insect pests: spraying a medicament for killing mites when the red spiders are damaged frequently, spraying 2-3 conventional medicaments in turn for 2-3 times when the red spiders are seriously damaged and are needed for 4-5 days, and mainly spraying the back of tender leaves on the upper part of a plant; secondly, controlling anthracnose by increasing plant-row spacing and increasing ventilation; powdery mildew is treated by artificially removing diseased leaves, spraying powdery mildew universal medicament, continuously spraying for 7 days, and keeping ventilation to prevent relapse; the planting in south China is suitable for manual leaf removal in winter, so that the nutrition loss caused by diseases is reduced, and the flower volume can be increased.

10) Regulating and controlling the flower color: acid soil is needed for cultivating the blue flower ball, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, white vinegar is added with water for adjusting the acid, 1000ml of water is added with 5-10 ml of water, a pH test paper is used for testing, the pH is adjusted to be 5.2-5.5, and watering is carried out once every 7 days; meanwhile, the soil needs to be supplemented with aluminum ions, aluminum sulfate powder is used, a solution is prepared according to the mass percentage of 0.1%, the soil is supplemented with the aluminum ions in a watering mode, and the leaves cannot be watered, so that the leaves are prevented from being burnt; the pink or red flower ball cultivation method needs alkaline soil, the cultivation method is that after 8 months, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide is used, the pH value is adjusted to be 8.0-9.0 after water is dissolved, watering is carried out once in 7 days, and meanwhile, monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage of 0.1% is sprayed once every 7 days.