CN111543199A

CN111543199A - Method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks

Info

Publication number: CN111543199A
Application number: CN202010635714.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁家春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-07-03
Filing date: 2020-07-03
Publication date: 2020-08-18

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit propagation and discloses a method for grafting kiwi fruit on a stock, which comprises the following steps: 1) in the middle ten days of 2 months every year, selecting kiwi fruits which are excellent in variety and grow healthy, cutting branches which grow vigorously from kiwi trees by using a sharp thin grafting knife to serve as scions, enabling the lengths of the scions to be 20Cm, placing the cut scions in a 5% carbendazim 50-fold liquid whole plant soaking process for 3h for disinfection, cutting openings in the positions, 10Cm away from the ground, of wild pachyrhizus vine stocks by using grafting knives, rapidly inserting the treated kiwi fruit scions into the cuts of the wild pachyrhizus vine stocks, immediately binding and fixing the kiwi fruit scions by using thin film strips, discharging water openings 3-5 Cm below the grafting positions, enabling 1-2 large cuts to be required, and enabling the large cuts to be oblique and staggered, and enabling the depth to be 1/5-1/7 of the diameter of the stocks. Cutting and propagating wild sweet potato vine stocks, wherein stolons are cut in the Yunnan area within 2-3 months, and are cut into long cuttings of 20-40cm, during planting, the soil is turned over, holes are opened according to the row spacing of about 33cm respectively, 1-2 branches are cut in each hole, the two sections at the top end are exposed out of the soil surface, and the cuttings are filled with soil and compacted. The harm caused by kiwifruit canker and root knot nematode disease is solved.

Description

Method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit propagation, in particular to a method for grafting kiwi fruit on a stock.

Background

The original Chinese of kiwi fruit has been 1300 years in cultivation history, China is the famous and genuine big country of kiwi fruit production today, the area and the output of the orchard are the first place in the world-the planting base spans south and north, the fine variety is promoted to be new, the planting area is increased continuously, the corresponding fruit processing enterprises develop and flourish, the modern circulation mode is gradually healthy and full, the trade is active, and the first three kiwi fruit yields in the world: no.1 China; italy No. 2; no.3 New Zealand, the yield of yellow-heart kiwi fruit is the most, reaches 171 kilotons, and accounts for more than half of the global yield, and most of red-heart kiwi fruit plants are in China.

The grafting propagation is the main propagation mode of the kiwi fruit variety, the difficulty of grafting survival and the combination of proper stock and scion are main factors influencing the propagation of the kiwi fruit good variety, the popularization and the application of the kiwi fruit good variety are directly influenced, China is the country with the largest kiwi fruit cultivation area in the world, new varieties are continuously released, along with the pursuit of production development and benefit maximization, adverse consequences caused by randomly adopting the stock are continuously prominent, the excellent character degradation of the variety is caused, the quality deterioration and the disease resistance are poor, and the development of the kiwi fruit industry is seriously influenced, so that the selection of the good variety and the proper stock is the key for the propagation and the popularization and the application of the high-quality kiwi fruit seedlings, and is also the basic guarantee for the production and the high-quality variety of the kiwi fruit.

The kiwifruit canker is a destructive bacterial disease seriously threatening the production of kiwifruit, and is listed as a national forest plant quarantine object, and the root knot nematode disease is seriously damaged and difficult to control and has larger influence on saplings.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks, which solves the problems of damages caused by kiwi fruit canker and root knot nematode.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose of solving the harm caused by the kiwifruit canker and the root knot nematode disease, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks comprises the following steps:

1) in the middle ten days of 2 months every year, selecting kiwi fruits which are excellent in variety and grow healthy, cutting branches which grow vigorously from kiwi trees by using a sharp thin grafting knife to serve as scions, enabling the lengths of the scions to be 20Cm, placing the cut scions in a 5% carbendazim 50-fold liquid whole plant soaking process for 3h for disinfection, cutting openings in the positions, 10Cm away from the ground, of wild pachyrhizus vine stocks by using grafting knives, rapidly inserting the treated kiwi fruit scions into the cuts of the wild pachyrhizus vine stocks, immediately binding and fixing the kiwi fruit scions by using thin film strips, discharging water openings 3-5 Cm below the grafting positions, enabling 1-2 large cuts to be required, and enabling the large cuts to be oblique and staggered, and enabling the depth to be 1/5-1/7 of the diameter of the stocks. Cutting and propagating wild sweet potato vine stocks, cutting stolons in the Yunnan area in 2-3 months, shearing the stolons into long cuttings of 20-40Cm, turning over the soil during planting, opening holes with the row spacing of about 33Cm respectively, cutting 1-2 branches in each hole, exposing the soil surface of two sections at the top, filling and compacting, covering soil and leveling the ground, watering grafted seedlings timely, removing new buds growing on the stocks in time, pinching when the grafted seedlings grow to 90Cm, stopping watering, transplanting after the grafted seedlings are aged for 25 days, weeding 1 time in spring and summer after field management planting, and topdressing animal dung for 1 time after weeding or harvesting in spring;

2) the pachyrhizus vines are managed roughly and are easy to propagate, in actual production, the purpose of rapid propagation can be achieved by adopting cutting propagation, the cultivation technology is simple, as long as the climate, soil and water are appropriate, the pachyrhizus sinensis is planted in rainy season, the survival rate is up to more than 90%, taking Yunnan Zhaotong area as an example, the temperature is increased from 3 last ten days to 4 last ten days generally to be the best period of cutting propagation, 1 year-old branches are cut and are 10-15cm long, the cutting matrix is not limited, fine sand or loam can be used, if the branches do not need to grow rapidly, the branches can be directly cut in places needing greening, the row spacing is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, the cuttage is carried out in 3 months, and the branches can be sealed in 5 months;

3) meanwhile, a cuttage test shows that a stem section with one node can be possibly developed into a population, because the characteristic that the node is rooted when touching the ground is easy to grow a new plant, in a vegetative growth season, the demand for N, P is high, urea and compound fertilizer with high content of N, P can be broadcast in rainy days according to the growth vigor and the standing conditions of the node to promote the growth of nursery stocks, the stress resistance of the pachyrhizus vines is suitable for extensive management, frequent replacement and frequent manual trimming are not needed after planting, other weeds are rarely found in a colony planted in a sheet form, and occasionally leaf-eating pests such as bamboo locusts, skeleton and moths need to be prevented and treated early.

Preferably, the grafting time is about one week before the stock sprouts in spring, and is generally in the middle and last ten days of 2 months.

Preferably, the selection requirement of the wild sweet potato vine stock in the method is as follows: the annual seedlings of the wild sweet potato vines which grow strongly, have developed root systems, strong grafting affinity and no quarantine diseases and insect pests are used as stocks, and the ground diameter is generally 0.4-0.6 cm; applying 1kg of farmyard manure, 0.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.1kg of titanium fertilizer to the rootstock 18 days before grafting; 10 days before grafting, the main branch of the stock is pinched, and the branch is removed.

Preferably, the grafting method may adopt one of a belly cutting grafting, a bark grafting and a cleft grafting.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for grafting kiwi fruit on a stock, which has the following beneficial effects:

the method for grafting the kiwi fruit on the rootstock solves the problem of root knot nematode disease and canker disease in the production of the kiwi fruit, and has the advantages of developed root system of the wild sweet potato vine, strong stress resistance, no harm of the root knot nematode disease and wide adaptability after transplantation; and has good resistance to the canker of the kiwi fruits.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks comprises the following steps:

1) in the middle ten days of 2 months every year, selecting kiwi fruits which are excellent in variety and grow healthy, cutting branches which grow vigorously from kiwi trees by using a sharp thin grafting knife to serve as scions, enabling the lengths of the scions to be 20Cm, placing the cut scions in a 5% carbendazim 50-fold liquid whole plant soaking process for 3h for disinfection, cutting openings in the positions, 10Cm away from the ground, of wild pachyrhizus vine stocks by using grafting knives, rapidly inserting the treated kiwi fruit scions into the cuts of the wild pachyrhizus vine stocks, immediately binding and fixing the kiwi fruit scions by using thin film strips, discharging water openings 3-5 Cm below the grafting positions, enabling 1-2 large cuts to be required, and enabling the large cuts to be oblique and staggered, and enabling the depth to be 1/5-1/7 of the diameter of the stocks. Cutting and propagating wild pachyrhizus stem stocks, wherein stolons (the stolons of the wild pachyrhizus stem stocks, stems which grow by spreading on a flat ground) are cut in the Yunnan area within 2-3 months, cutting into long cuttings of 20-40Cm, turning over the soil during planting, opening holes according to the row spacing of about 33Cm, cutting 1-2 branches in each hole, exposing the soil surface of two sections at the top end, filling and compacting the soil, covering the soil and leveling the ground, watering the grafted seedlings at proper time, removing new buds growing on the stocks in time, pinching when the seedlings grow to 90Cm, stopping watering, aging for 25 days, transplanting, weeding for 1 time in spring and summer after planting, and topdressing animal dung for 1 time in spring or after harvesting;

Preferably, the grafting method may adopt one of a belly cutting grafting, a bark grafting and a cleft grafting:

cutting the abdomen, obliquely cutting a knife at the smooth part of the stock to reach one third of the xylem, cutting the scion about 2cm in length, cutting a knife at each of two sides of the scion bud, aligning the cambium of one side of the bud, aligning the upper knife edge, binding, exposing the bud and the leaf stalk, and sealing to be airtight;

cutting a bark graft, transversely cutting a knife at a smooth position 10-12 cm away from the ground of the stock to a depth of a xylem and a length of 0.6-0.8 cm, then cutting a knife downwards at the middle part of the transverse cut to a depth of the xylem, wherein the cut length is 1.2-1.4 cm, picking up the bark from the longitudinal cut to two sides by using a knife tip, slowly inserting the scion in the middle of the transverse cut of the stock from top to bottom by aligning with the longitudinal cut, and winding and binding the scion from bottom to top by using an elastic plastic strip to prevent ventilation and water inflow;

cleft grafting, wherein a cut is arranged in the middle of a stock, a sowing seam is exposed, scions are cut, the two sides of a bud are cut and sharpened, one side of the bud is guaranteed to be thicker, the scions are inserted, the scions are small, one side of the whole bud is aligned with a cambium layer of the stock, a scion cut is slightly exposed, the bud is bound, a grafting film needs to be exposed in a growing period, and the sealing is free from rainwater and air.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the damage of root knot nematode disease and canker disease in the production of the kiwi fruits is solved, and the wild sweet potato vine has developed root system and strong stress resistance, is not damaged by the root knot nematode disease and has wide adaptability after transplantation; and has good resistance to the canker of the kiwi fruits.

Hazards caused by kiwifruit canker and root knot nematode disease:

the kiwifruit canker is a destructive bacterial disease seriously threatening the production of kiwifruit, and is listed as a national forest plant quarantine object, the disease is fiercely coming, the epidemic years cause the destruction of the whole garden, and cause great economic loss, the occurrence of the disease harms, the yield is reduced, the fruit peel is thickened, the fruit flavor is changed into acid, the fruit is reduced, the fruit shape is different, the quality is reduced, the commodity value is reduced, and the disease course is as follows: firstly, the root part shows root discoloration and root system weakness firstly, secondly, the symptoms of canker are shown on the ground, thirdly, the later effect of the tree body for storing nutrition is to promote the growth of branches, the root system is generally considered to be good, how to apply the medicine on the root system is useless, and the key is that the root problem is not eradicated.

The root knot nematode disease is seriously damaged and difficult to control, tiny swelling or small tumor is generated on the damaged tender root of the plant, the plant becomes large tumor after being infected for several times, the tumor is white in the initial stage, then becomes light brown, then becomes dark brown, and finally becomes black brown, the root system of the plant damaged by the root knot nematode is dysplastic, a large number of tender roots are withered, the fine roots are in a cluster shape, the number of roots and branches is small, the growth is short and short, and the influence on young trees is large.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for grafting kiwi on rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the grafting time is about one week before the rootstock germinates in spring, generally in the middle and last ten days of 2 months.

3. The method for grafting kiwi fruit on rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the selection of the wild sweet potato vine rootstock in the method requires: the annual seedlings of the wild sweet potato vines which grow strongly, have developed root systems, strong grafting affinity and no quarantine diseases and insect pests are used as stocks, and the ground diameter is generally 0.4-0.6 cm; applying 1kg of farmyard manure, 0.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.1kg of titanium fertilizer to the rootstock 18 days before grafting; 10 days before grafting, the main branch of the stock is pinched, and the branch is removed.

4. The method for grafting kiwi fruit onto rootstock according to claim 1, wherein said grafting method is one of a split-belly grafting, a bark grafting and a cleft grafting.