CN113287459A - Kiwi fruit planting method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit planting method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, and discloses a kiwi fruit planting method, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting land: the method is characterized in that a planting area and a planting land are reasonably selected, the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, the land is fertile and soft, the drainage effect is good, the organic red-heart kiwi fruit growth is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit, the land with the gradient of 15-19 degrees is selected as far as possible to be planted, the soil thickness is adjusted and controlled within 0.8-1m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruit. According to the method for planting the kiwi fruits, the planting area and the planting land are reasonably selected, the land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the planting stage is implemented according to the habit of the kiwi fruits, and meanwhile road planning and windproof measures of the planting area are effectively made.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a kiwi fruit planting method.
Background
The kiwi fruit has certain medicinal value and edible value, and the kiwi fruit plant has certain ornamental value, as a new kiwi fruit variety, the organic red kiwi fruit is widely concerned by people, the rich nutritive value of the organic red kiwi fruit is loved by people, the red kiwi fruit is a fruit integrating edible and medicinal functions, each hundred grams of fresh fruit pulp contains 100-420 mg of vitamin C, 5-10 times higher than citrus, 11-13 times higher than lemon and 20-80 times higher than apple, the red kiwi fruit pulp is tender, fragrant, sweet and fresh, cool and low in acidity and rich in nutrition.
The kiwi fruit is generally planted in sandy soil which is rich in organic matters, good in water permeability and strong in water retention capacity, and a place which is good in ventilation, convenient to traffic, sufficient in illumination, close to a water source, suitable for rainfall and slightly high in humidity is used as a garden building place, Chinese patent CN 104855207A discloses a method for planting kiwi fruit, which can effectively avoid pollution to the environment, has a good absorption effect on kiwi fruit seedlings and is beneficial to growth of the kiwi fruit seedlings, but the method cannot effectively improve the planting yield, and can improve income of people to meet the needs of eating, so that a reasonable planting technology is actively adopted, the planting process of the kiwi fruit is scientifically and reasonably managed, the purposes of increasing income, improving quality and increasing yield of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit are further realized, and the problem is solved by providing a method for planting the kiwi fruit.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the kiwi fruit planting method, which has the advantage of increasing the yield, and solves the problems that reasonable planting technology is actively adopted to increase the income while meeting the eating requirements of people, the kiwi fruit planting process is scientifically and reasonably managed, and the purposes of increasing the income, improving the quality and increasing the yield of organic red kiwi fruits are further realized.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose of increasing the yield, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting land: reasonably selecting a planting area and a planting land, wherein the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, fertile and soft, good drainage effect is required, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the land with the gradient of 15-19 degrees is selected as far as possible for planting, the soil thickness is adjusted and controlled within 0.8-1m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruits;
2) selecting a planting environment: the industrial pollution is avoided around the planting, the area with precipitation amount of about 1350-1410mm is selected as far as possible, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit is facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature of the planting area is selected in the area with the annual average temperature of 13.5-16.7 ℃, the humidity of the most suitable planting area of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit is 83%, and therefore the area with the humidity of 80-90% is selected as far as possible to plant;
3) planting: road planning and windproof measures of a planting area are made, planting of male and female varieties is separated, grafted seedlings with undamaged interfaces and robust root systems are selected, organic fertilizer is applied in advance, the space between two kiwi fruits is reasonably planned and controlled to be about 1.5-2.1m as far as possible, planting row space is reasonably planned, a channel is set to be about 3-3.4m, proper felling and trimming are carried out on the kiwi fruits after field planting at the stage of luxuriant growth of branches and leaves, the plant space and the row space of the kiwi fruits are adjusted to be 3m in the period, male and female plants are reasonably matched, and the planting ratio is controlled to be 1: 5 as far as possible;
4) irrigation and fertilization: the fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility, 2.5-2.7kg of organic fertilizer can be applied to the pit once before the red kiwi fruits are planted, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the base fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the 1 st topdressing is performed in the spring germination period, the 2 nd topdressing is performed in the summer vigorous growth period, the irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, and the soil and the weed are loosened in time;
5) trimming: new tree tips grow in time, when the number of the new tips is 3-5, pinching needs to be carried out, meanwhile, if the difference between the height of the frame surface and the height of the trunk is more than 0.5-0.7m and the trunk is bent, pinching needs to be carried out similarly, old branches, cross branches, bad branches and diseased branches need to be trimmed in time by the organic red-heart kiwi fruit in winter, improper buds, over dense buds and weak buds need to be trimmed in spring, branch tips without cultivation value need to be trimmed in time, mother branches are cultivated effectively, and updated branches and plants are cultivated reasonably;
6) pollination, fruit thinning and flower thinning: bud thinning is implemented after the lateral buds are separated for 15 days, the number of the buds is adjusted according to the growth condition of branches, if the fruit branches are short, the number of the buds is controlled to be 1-3, the quality of the fruit branches is medium, the number of the buds is controlled to be 3-5, if the branches and leaves are stronger, the number of the flower buds is controlled to be 5-7, the honeybees are utilized to pollinate the kiwi fruits, if pollination is affected by climate or bee source, the result quality of the kiwi fruit can be improved by artificial pollination if necessary, and under the normal condition, the organic kiwi fruit rarely has fruit drop problem, lateral flower buds are carried out 48-72h before pollination, removing subsequent flower buds after pollination is completed, removing fruits of small heads, deformities, bases and tops in 20 days, reserving 6 fruits on long branches, reserving 4 fruits on middle branches and reserving 3 fruits on short branches;
7) and (3) pest control: the anthracnose is not only harmful stem and leaf, but also harmful fruit, if found in the planting orchard, 800 times of carbendazim can be sprayed for controlling 2-3 times during germination, for root knot nematode disease, strict quarantine is required, nematode resistant stock is selected, disease-free nursery stock is cultivated, cultivation management is enhanced, tree vigor is enhanced to improve disease resistance, and when in disease attack, 1.8% Avermectin missible oil can be used for irrigating roots with water or 3kg/667m of 10% Cline phosphate granules2Performing furrow application or deep ploughing for preventing and treating scale insects, cleaning the field with 20-30 times of 3-5 ° Be lime sulfur mixture or 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture before early spring germination, spraying 1500 times of 405-speed flapping liquid for preventing and treating, trapping and killing underground insects with poison bait, and trapping and killing adult insects with black light lamp or frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in summer;
8) harvesting: according to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of the fruit is 6% -10%, the fruit is in a proper harvesting period, and the harvesting time is 10: preferably before 00, selecting windless sunny days, lightly picking, lightly placing and lightly loading to avoid bruising, piling and scraping peel, and packaging and warehousing in grades.
Preferably, the field planting avoids introducing the nursery stock with bacteria into the field planting, reasonably manages the tree seedling cultivation process, reasonably applies fertilizer based on the growth condition of the nursery stock, and improves the self disease and insect resistance of the kiwi fruit as much as possible.
Preferably, 300 times of the Nanning solution is sprayed to a planting area after harvesting, diniconazole or Dasheng M-45 is sprayed in spring, and especially in the normal growth stage of the kiwi fruits, the Sinanning, the dragon bacteria and the chlorothalonil are used for carrying out all-around spraying work, so that the disease resistance and insect resistance of plants are improved, and the guarantee is provided for realizing high yield.
Preferably, the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, wherein the diseases in the disease control mainly comprise anthracnose, nematode disease, damping off, root rot, fruit soft rot and the like.
Preferably, the insect pests in the insect pest control mainly include white mulberry pelage gecko, pellaginella pagoda, cutworm, scarab beetle, leafhopper, fruit piercing moth and the like.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a kiwi fruit planting method, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the planting method of the kiwi fruits, the planting area and the planted land are reasonably selected, the land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the field planting stage is implemented according to the habits of the land, meanwhile, road planning and windproof measures of the planting area are effectively made, additional fertilization is implemented through the seedling slow-growing stage, irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, flower thinning work is carried out in a correct mode, different control technologies and control measures are scientifically and reasonably applied, and income increase, quality improvement and yield increase of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits are effectively achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: a planting method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting land: reasonably selecting a planting area and a planting land, wherein the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, fertile and soft, good drainage effect is required, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the land with the gradient of 15 degrees is selected as far as possible for planting, the thickness of the soil is adjusted, the soil is controlled within 0.8m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruits;
2) selecting a planting environment: the method has the advantages that industrial pollution is avoided around planting, areas with precipitation amount of about 1350mm are selected as far as possible, growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature of a planting area is selected in an area with the annual average temperature of 13.5 ℃, the humidity of the most suitable planting area of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is 83%, and therefore the area with the humidity of 80% is selected as far as possible to plant;
3) planting: road planning and windproof measures of a planting area are made, planting of male and female varieties is separated, grafted seedlings with undamaged interfaces and robust root systems are selected, organic fertilizer is applied in advance, the space between two kiwi fruits is reasonably planned and controlled to be about 1.5m as far as possible, planting row spacing is reasonably planned, channels are arranged to be about 3m, proper cutting and trimming are carried out on the fixed kiwi fruits at the stage of luxuriant growth of branches and leaves, the plant spacing and the row spacing of the kiwi fruits are adjusted to be 3m in the period, male and female plants are reasonably proportioned and controlled to be in a planting ratio of 1: 5 as far as possible, the fixed planting needs to avoid introducing nursery stocks with bacteria into the fixed kiwi fruits, the tree seedling planting process is reasonably managed, fertilizer is reasonably applied based on the growth condition of the nursery stocks, and the disease and insect resistance of the kiwi fruits are improved as far as possible;
4) irrigation and fertilization: the fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility, 2.5kg of organic fertilizer can be applied to the pit once before the red kiwi fruits are planted, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the base fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the 1 st top dressing is performed in the spring germination period, the 2 nd top dressing is performed in the summer vigorous growth period, the irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, and the soil is loosened and weeded in time;
5) trimming: new tree tips are grown in time, when the number of the new tips is 3, pinching is carried out, meanwhile, if the difference between the height of the frame surface and the height of the trunk is more than 0.5m and the trunk is bent, pinching is also carried out, the old branches, the cross branches, the bad branches and the diseased branches of the organic red kiwi fruit are trimmed in time in winter, the improper buds, the over dense buds and the weak buds are trimmed in spring, branch tips without cultivation value are trimmed in time, the mother branches are effectively cultivated, and the updated branches and plants are reasonably cultivated;
6) pollination, fruit thinning and flower thinning: bud thinning work is carried out after the lateral buds are separated for 15 days, the number of the buds is adjusted according to the growth condition of branches, if the buds are short fruit branches, the number of the buds is controlled to be 1, the fruit branches are of medium quality, the number of the buds is controlled to be 3, if the buds are stronger branches and leaves, the number of the buds is controlled to be 5, the pollination of the kiwi fruit is carried out by bees, if the pollination is influenced by weather or bee sources, the fruiting quality of the kiwi fruit can be improved by artificial pollination if necessary, under the common condition, the fruit drop problem of the organic kiwi fruit rarely occurs, the lateral buds are carried out before 48h before the pollination, the subsequent buds are removed after the pollination work is finished, fruits with small heads, malformation, bases and tops are removed in 20 days, 6 fruits are retained in long branches, 4 fruits are retained in middle branches, and 3 fruits are retained in short branches;
7) and (3) pest control: the anthracnose is harmful stem and leaf and harmful fruit, if found in orchard, it can be sprayed with 800 times carbendazim for 2 times to prevent and control root knot nematode disease, and should be strictly inspected, and selects nematode-resistant stock to cultivate disease-free nursery stock, and strengthens cultivation management to strengthen tree vigor and raise disease resistance, and when it is ill, 1.8% Avermectin missible oil can be used to irrigate root with water or 10% Cline phosphate granules 3kg/667m2Performing furrow application or deep ploughing for preventing and treating scale insects, cleaning garden with 3 ° Beauveria composition or 20 times of 45% crystal lime sulfur composition solution before germination in early spring, spraying with 1500 times solution of 405-speed killing, trapping and killing underground pests with poison bait, and trapping and killing adult insects with black light lamp or frequency vibration type pest killing lamp in summer, wherein the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, the disease control mainly comprises anthracnose, nematodiasis, damping off, root rot and fruit soft rot, and the pest control mainly comprises white mulberry scurf, chloes fargecko, cutworm, chafer, leafhopper and champagneFruit piercing moth, etc.;
8) harvesting: according to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of the fruit is 6%, the fruit is in a proper harvesting period, and the picking time is 10: preferably before 00, selecting windless sunny days, lightly picking, lightly releasing and lightly loading, avoiding bruising, stacking and scraping peels, packaging and warehousing in grades, spraying 300 times of the Nanning solution to a planting area after picking, spraying diniconazole or Dasheng M-45 in spring, and particularly spraying the Sinanning, the dragon bacteria and chlorothalonil in all directions at the normal growth stage of the kiwi fruits to improve the disease and insect resistance of plants and provide guarantee for realizing high yield.
Example two: a planting method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting land: reasonably selecting a planting area and a planting land, wherein the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, fertile and soft, good drainage effect is required, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the land with the gradient of 19 degrees is selected as far as possible for planting, the thickness of the soil is adjusted, the soil is controlled within 1m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruits;
2) selecting a planting environment: industrial pollution is avoided around planting, areas with precipitation amount of about 1410mm are selected as far as possible, growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature of a planting area is selected in an area with the annual average temperature of 16.7 ℃, the humidity of the most suitable planting area of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is 83%, and therefore the area with the humidity of 90% is selected as far as possible to plant;
3) planting: road planning and windproof measures of a planting area are made, planting of male and female varieties is separated, grafted seedlings with undamaged interfaces and robust root systems are selected, organic fertilizer is applied in advance, the space between two kiwi fruits is reasonably planned and controlled to be about 2.1m as far as possible, planting row spacing is reasonably planned, channels are set to be about 3.4m, proper felling and trimming are carried out on the fixed and planted kiwi fruits at the stage of luxuriant growth of branches and leaves, the plant spacing and the row spacing of the kiwi fruits are adjusted to be 3m in the period, male and female plants are reasonably proportioned and controlled to be in a planting ratio of 1: 5 as far as possible, introduction of nursery stocks with bacteria into the fixed and planted kiwi fruits is avoided, the tree seedling cultivation process is reasonably managed, fertilizer is reasonably applied based on the growth condition of the nursery stocks, and the disease and insect resistance of the kiwi fruits is improved as far as possible;
4) irrigation and fertilization: the fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility, 2.7kg of organic fertilizer can be applied to the pit once before the red kiwi fruits are planted, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the base fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the 1 st top dressing is performed in the spring germination period, the 2 nd top dressing is performed in the summer vigorous growth period, the irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, and the soil is loosened and weeded in time;
5) trimming: new tree tips are grown in time, when the number of the new tips is 5, pinching is carried out, meanwhile, if the difference between the height of the frame surface and the height of the trunk is more than 0.7m and the trunk is bent, pinching is also carried out, the old branches, the cross branches, the bad branches and the diseased branches of the organic red kiwi fruit are trimmed in time in winter, the improper buds, the over dense buds and the weak buds are trimmed in spring, branch tips without cultivation value are trimmed in time, the mother branches are effectively cultivated, and the updated branches and plants are reasonably cultivated;
6) pollination, fruit thinning and flower thinning: bud thinning work is carried out after the lateral buds are separated for 15 days, the number of the buds is adjusted according to the growth condition of branches, if the buds are short fruit branches, the number of the buds is controlled to be 3, the fruit branches are of medium quality, the number of the buds is controlled to be 5, if the buds are stronger branches and leaves, the number of the buds is controlled to be 7, the pollination of the kiwi fruit is carried out by bees, if the pollination is influenced by weather or bee sources, the fruiting quality of the kiwi fruit can be improved by artificial pollination if necessary, under the common condition, the fruit drop problem of the organic kiwi fruit rarely occurs, the lateral buds are carried out before 72h before the pollination, the subsequent buds are removed after the pollination work is finished, fruits with small heads, malformation, bases and tops are removed in 20 days, 6 fruits are retained in long branches, 4 fruits are retained in middle branches, and 3 fruits are retained in short branches;
7) and (3) pest control: anthracnose is harmful to both stem and leaf and fruit, and can be found in orchard during germinationSpraying 3 times of 800 times of carbendazim for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, strictly quarantine, selecting nematode-resistant stock, cultivating disease-free nursery stock, strengthening cultivation management to enhance tree vigor and improve disease resistance, and when the disease occurs, irrigating roots with 1.8% efletin missible oil or 3kg/667m of 10% cadusafos granules2Performing furrow application or deep ploughing for preventing and treating scale insects, cleaning the garden with 20 times of 3 DEG Bee lime sulphur or 45% crystal lime sulphur before germination in early spring, spraying with 1500 times of 405 speed for preventing and treating, trapping and killing underground pests with poison bait, and trapping and killing adults with black light lamps or frequency vibration type pest killing lamps in summer, wherein the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, the diseases in the disease control mainly comprise anthracnose, nematode disease, damping off, root rot, fruit soft rot and the like, and the pests in the pest control mainly comprise white mulberry scale, betel nut, cutworm, chafer, leafhopper, fruit piercing moth and the like;
8) harvesting: according to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of the fruit is 10%, the fruit is in a proper harvesting period, and the picking time is 10: preferably before 00, selecting windless sunny days, lightly picking, lightly releasing and lightly loading, avoiding bruising, stacking and scraping peels, packaging and warehousing in grades, spraying 300 times of the Nanning solution to a planting area after picking, spraying diniconazole or Dasheng M-45 in spring, and particularly spraying the Sinanning, the dragon bacteria and chlorothalonil in all directions at the normal growth stage of the kiwi fruits to improve the disease and insect resistance of plants and provide guarantee for realizing high yield.
Example three: a planting method of kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting land: reasonably selecting a planting area and a planting land, wherein the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, fertile and soft, good drainage effect is required, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the land with the gradient of 17 degrees is selected as far as possible for planting, the thickness of the soil is adjusted, the soil is controlled within 0.9m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruits;
2) selecting a planting environment: industrial pollution is avoided around planting, areas with precipitation of about 1380mm are selected as far as possible, growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature of a planting area is selected in an area with the annual average temperature of 15.1 ℃, the humidity of the most suitable planting area of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is 83%, and therefore the area with the humidity of 85% is selected as far as possible to plant;
3) planting: road planning and windproof measures of a planting area are made, planting of male and female varieties is separated, grafted seedlings with undamaged interfaces and robust root systems are selected, organic fertilizer is applied in advance, the space between two kiwi fruits is reasonably planned and controlled to be about 1.8m as far as possible, planting row spacing is reasonably planned, channels are arranged to be about 3.2m, proper felling and trimming are carried out on the fixed and planted kiwi fruits at the stage of luxuriant growth of branches and leaves, the plant spacing and the row spacing of the kiwi fruits are adjusted to be 3m in the period, male and female plants are reasonably proportioned and controlled to be in a planting ratio of 1: 5 as far as possible, introduction of nursery stocks with bacteria into the fixed and planted kiwi fruits is avoided, the tree seedling cultivation process is reasonably managed, fertilizer is reasonably applied based on the growth condition of the nursery stocks, and the disease and insect resistance of the kiwi fruits is improved as far as possible;
4) irrigation and fertilization: the fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility, 2.6kg of organic fertilizer can be applied to the pit once before the red kiwi fruits are planted, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the base fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the 1 st top dressing is performed in the spring germination period, the 2 nd top dressing is performed in the summer vigorous growth period, the irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, and the soil is loosened and weeded in time;
5) trimming: new tree tips are grown in time, when the number of the new tips is 4, pinching is carried out, meanwhile, if the difference between the height of the frame surface and the height of the trunk is more than 0.6m and the trunk is bent, pinching is also carried out, the old branches, the cross branches, the bad branches and the diseased branches of the organic red kiwi fruit are trimmed in time in winter, the improper buds, the over dense buds and the weak buds are trimmed in spring, branch tips without cultivation value are trimmed in time, the mother branches are effectively cultivated, and the updated branches and plants are reasonably cultivated;
6) pollination, fruit thinning and flower thinning: bud thinning work is carried out after the lateral buds are separated for 15 days, the number of the buds is adjusted according to the growth condition of branches, if the buds are short fruit branches, the number of the buds is controlled to be 2, the fruit branches are of medium quality, the number of the buds is controlled to be 4, if the buds are stronger branches and leaves, the number of the buds is controlled to be 6, the pollination of the kiwi fruit is carried out by bees, if the pollination is influenced by weather or bee sources, the fruiting quality of the kiwi fruit can be improved by artificial pollination if necessary, under the common condition, the fruit drop problem of the organic kiwi fruit rarely occurs, the lateral buds are carried out before 60h before the pollination, the subsequent buds are removed after the pollination work is finished, fruits with small heads, malformation, bases and tops are removed in 20 days, 6 fruits are retained in long branches, 4 fruits are retained in middle branches, and 3 fruits are retained in short branches;
7) and (3) pest control: the anthracnose is harmful stem and leaf and harmful fruit, if found in orchard, it can be sprayed with 800 times carbendazim for 2 times to prevent and control root knot nematode disease, and should be strictly inspected, and selects nematode-resistant stock to cultivate disease-free nursery stock, and strengthens cultivation management to strengthen tree vigor and raise disease resistance, and when it is ill, 1.8% Avermectin missible oil can be used to irrigate root with water or 10% Cline phosphate granules 3kg/667m2Performing furrow application or deep ploughing for preventing and controlling scale insects, cleaning the garden with 4 degrees of Beauveria composition or 45 percent of crystalline lime sulfur 25 times solution before sprouting in early spring, spraying and controlling with 405-speed 1500-time solution, trapping and killing underground pests with poison bait, trapping and killing adults with black light lamps or frequency vibration type pest killing lamps in summer, wherein the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, the diseases in the disease control mainly comprise anthracnose, nematode disease, damping off, root rot, fruit soft rot and the like, and the pests in the pest control mainly comprise white mulberry scale, betel, cutworm, scarab, leafhopper, fruit piercing moth and the like;
8) harvesting: according to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of the fruit is 8%, the fruit is in a proper harvesting period, and the picking time is 10: preferably before 00, selecting windless sunny days, lightly picking, lightly releasing and lightly loading, avoiding bruising, stacking and scraping peels, packaging and warehousing in grades, spraying 300 times of the Nanning solution to a planting area after picking, spraying diniconazole or Dasheng M-45 in spring, and particularly spraying the Sinanning, the dragon bacteria and chlorothalonil in all directions at the normal growth stage of the kiwi fruits to improve the disease and insect resistance of plants and provide guarantee for realizing high yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the planting area and the planted land are reasonably selected, the land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit, the field planting stage is implemented according to the habits of the land, road planning and windproof measures of the planting area are effectively made, additional fertilization is implemented in the seedling reviving stage, irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, flower thinning work is carried out in a correct mode, different prevention and control technologies and prevention and control measures are scientifically and reasonably applied, income increase, quality improvement and yield increase of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit are effectively achieved, the problem that the income is increased and increased when people eat the organic red-heart kiwi fruit is solved, reasonable planting technologies are actively adopted for the purpose, the planting process of the kiwi fruit is scientifically and reasonably managed, and the purposes of increasing income, improving quality and increasing yield of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit are further achieved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method of the kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a planting land: reasonably selecting a planting area and a planting land, wherein the specific requirements are slightly acidic land, fertile and soft, good drainage effect is required, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits is prevented from being adversely affected due to waterlogging, the planting land is selected and adjusted according to the growth requirement of the organic red-heart kiwi fruits, the land with the gradient of 15-19 degrees is selected as far as possible for planting, the soil thickness is adjusted and controlled within 0.8-1m, and a good growth environment is created for the organic red-heart kiwi fruits;
2) selecting a planting environment: the industrial pollution is avoided around the planting, the area with precipitation amount of about 1350-1410mm is selected as far as possible, the growth of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit is facilitated, meanwhile, the temperature of the planting area is selected in the area with the annual average temperature of 13.5-16.7 ℃, the humidity of the most suitable planting area of the organic red-heart kiwi fruit is 83%, and therefore the area with the humidity of 80-90% is selected as far as possible to plant;
3) planting: road planning and windproof measures of a planting area are made, planting of male and female varieties is separated, grafted seedlings with undamaged interfaces and robust root systems are selected, organic fertilizer is applied in advance, the space between two kiwi fruits is reasonably planned and controlled to be about 1.5-2.1m as far as possible, planting row space is reasonably planned, a channel is set to be about 3-3.4m, proper felling and trimming are carried out on the kiwi fruits after field planting at the stage of luxuriant growth of branches and leaves, the plant space and the row space of the kiwi fruits are adjusted to be 3m in the period, male and female plants are reasonably matched, and the planting ratio is controlled to be 1: 5 as far as possible;
4) irrigation and fertilization: the fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility, 2.5-2.7kg of organic fertilizer can be applied to the pit once before the red kiwi fruits are planted, the fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the base fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the 1 st topdressing is performed in the spring germination period, the 2 nd topdressing is performed in the summer vigorous growth period, the irrigation and drainage work is reasonably arranged, and the soil and the weed are loosened in time;
5) trimming: new tree tips grow in time, when the number of the new tips is 3-5, pinching needs to be carried out, meanwhile, if the difference between the height of the frame surface and the height of the trunk is more than 0.5-0.7m and the trunk is bent, pinching needs to be carried out similarly, old branches, cross branches, bad branches and diseased branches need to be trimmed in time by the organic red-heart kiwi fruit in winter, improper buds, over dense buds and weak buds need to be trimmed in spring, branch tips without cultivation value need to be trimmed in time, mother branches are cultivated effectively, and updated branches and plants are cultivated reasonably;
6) pollination, fruit thinning and flower thinning: bud thinning is implemented after the lateral buds are separated for 15 days, the number of the buds is adjusted according to the growth condition of branches, if the fruit branches are short, the number of the buds is controlled to be 1-3, the quality of the fruit branches is medium, the number of the buds is controlled to be 3-5, if the branches and leaves are stronger, the number of the flower buds is controlled to be 5-7, the honeybees are utilized to pollinate the kiwi fruits, if pollination is affected by climate or bee source, the result quality of the kiwi fruit can be improved by artificial pollination if necessary, and under the normal condition, the organic kiwi fruit rarely has fruit drop problem, lateral flower buds are carried out 48-72h before pollination, removing subsequent flower buds after pollination is completed, removing fruits of small heads, deformities, bases and tops in 20 days, reserving 6 fruits on long branches, reserving 4 fruits on middle branches and reserving 3 fruits on short branches;
7) and (3) pest control: the anthracnose is not only harmful stem and leaf, but also harmful fruit, if found in the planting orchard, 800 times of carbendazim can be sprayed for controlling 2-3 times during germination, for root knot nematode disease, strict quarantine is required, nematode resistant stock is selected, disease-free nursery stock is cultivated, cultivation management is enhanced, tree vigor is enhanced to improve disease resistance, and when in disease attack, 1.8% Avermectin missible oil can be used for irrigating roots with water or 3kg/667m of 10% Cline phosphate granules2Performing furrow application or deep ploughing for preventing and treating scale insects, cleaning the field with 20-30 times of 3-5 ° Be lime sulfur mixture or 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture before early spring germination, spraying 1500 times of 405-speed flapping liquid for preventing and treating, trapping and killing underground insects with poison bait, and trapping and killing adult insects with black light lamp or frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in summer;
8) harvesting: according to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of the fruit is 6% -10%, the fruit is in a proper harvesting period, and the harvesting time is 10: preferably before 00, selecting windless sunny days, lightly picking, lightly placing and lightly loading to avoid bruising, piling and scraping peel, and packaging and warehousing in grades.
2. The planting method of kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the field planting is to avoid introducing nursery stock with bacteria therein, reasonably manage the process of seedling cultivation, reasonably fertilize based on the growth condition of the nursery stock, and improve the self-disease and insect resistance of kiwi fruits as much as possible.
3. The planting method of kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein 300 times of the Nanning solution is sprayed to a planting area after harvesting, diniconazole or Dasheng M-45 is sprayed in spring, and especially in the normal growth stage of kiwi fruits, the Sinanning, the dragon bacteria and the chlorothalonil are used for carrying out all-round spraying work, so that the disease resistance and insect resistance of plants are improved, and the guarantee is provided for realizing high yield.
4. The planting method of kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, and the diseases in the disease control mainly comprise anthracnose, nematode disease, damping off, root rot, fruit soft rot and the like.
5. The method for planting kiwi fruits according to claim 4, wherein the insect pests in pest control mainly comprise white pelago virgifera, pelagic pellago, cutworm, scarab beetle, leafhopper, fruit moth and the like.
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| CN114747418A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Flower promoting and fruit strengthening method suitable for low latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits |
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| WO2016011715A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-28 | 刘新成 | Drug for preventing and treating kiwifruit bacterial canker disease and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114747418A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Flower promoting and fruit strengthening method suitable for low latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits |
| CN114747418B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-06-16 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Flower and fruit promotion method suitable for low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits |
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