CN114747418B - Flower and fruit promotion method suitable for low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Flower and fruit promotion method suitable for low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting flowers and strengthening fruits of kiwi fruits suitable for low latitude plateau climate types, which is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly collecting soil and leaves for planting kiwi fruit trees, detecting the lack of elements providing growth, taking three times of soil detection every year, detecting the leaves 3 times before 2 months and kiwi fruits sprout, in 5 months and in the rapid expansion period of kiwi fruit formats, in 10 months and in the later harvest period of kiwi fruits, detecting N, P, K, ca mainly in spring and 4 months, in summer and in 6 months, in autumn and in 9 months, observing the kiwi fruit trees, wherein fertilization contraindication of kiwi fruits is that fertilization is not suitable for advance, basic fertilizer is not suitable for addition, nitrogen fertilizer is not suitable for addition, fertilizer is not suitable for addition to root is too close, and the like, and the fertilizer is applied strictly, so that the normal growth of kiwi fruits can be ensured, the growth state of kiwi fruits can be ensured by pruning branches, the branches can be removed according to the intended frame shape development, the diseases and insect pests are prevented, and the disease and insect numbers are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, in particular to a method for promoting flower and strengthening fruit of low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits.
Background
Kiwi fruit, also called kiwi fruit, is a fruit with rich amino acids and minerals, and is a good food for the kiwi, so the name of kiwi fruit is also called that the kiwi fruit is covered with a rough peel, the appearance of kiwi fruit is generally elliptical, the early appearance of kiwi fruit is green brown, the kiwi fruit is red brown after ripe, the surface of kiwi fruit is covered with dense villus, and the kiwi fruit is a bright green or yellow pulp and a row of black or red seeds.
The pectin with multiple effects for reducing cholesterol in the kiwi fruits is a substance with good effects for reducing cholesterol and reducing the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases and the like, and helps to digest the kiwi fruits, contains very rich dietary fibers, and can effectively reduce cholesterol, so that digestion of human bodies is promoted. Can help to clean harmful metabolites in human body, reduce constipation, reduce blood lipid, prevent and treat heart disease, and prevent the incidence of cancer.
The climatic conditions of Yunnan are low latitude plateau, the sunlight is sufficient, the ultraviolet rays are strong, the sunlight is generally less than 2000 hours, the flowering time of kiwi fruits is long, and the drought of Yunnan in winter and spring influences the expansion of kiwi fruits and the expansion of small kiwi fruits. Therefore, the invention systematically solves the problems encountered by the kiwi fruit in Yunnan from the angles of precise fertilization, water and fertilizer matching, balanced fertilization, foliar fertilization, cultivation of good fruiting parent branches, forced defoliation, dormancy breaking and the like, and enables the kiwi fruit in Yunnan to obtain better yield and quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting flower and fruit growth of kiwi fruits suitable for low latitude plateau climate types, which can provide enough conditions for the growth of the kiwi fruits, so that the kiwi fruits are suitable for low latitude plateau climate in Yunnan province, and can obtain better yield and quality in low latitude areas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the flower and fruit promoting method for the low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Firstly, collecting soil and leaves for planting kiwi fruit trees, detecting, and checking what elements providing growth are absent;
(2) Observing the kiwi fruit tree, observing the growth condition, and checking the element lacking under the growth condition;
(3) Early spring dressing and germination accelerating fertilizer, spring period fertilization, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main material, small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, whole-garden measure or plant application, spring water irrigation for 1-2 times, flower dressing and fruit promoting fertilizer, fruit promoting fertilizer after flower falling of kiwi fruit tree should be applied for 20-30 days after flower falling, quick-acting fertilizer as the main material, whole-garden watering for one time after application, midsummer dressing and fruit strengthening fertilizer, 6-7 months dressing for one time of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, leaf surface spraying for 1-2 times for making up nutritional deficiency in later branch tip growth, this fertilization mainly comprises leaf surface spraying, the fertilizer is prepared from 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3% -0.5% of urea solution and 0.5% of calcium nitrate, the overwintering fertilizer is applied to the picked base, the 0.5% of urea solution is sprayed to leaf surfaces once before leaves fall to increase photosynthesis of the leaves, promote the back flow of nutrients to roots and stems, increase nutrient storage, the base fertilizer is preferably applied early in autumn, the ring manure, the retting fertilizer, the compost, the stable manure and the cake fertilizer are mainly used, part of quick-acting fertilizers including calcium superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are mixed and applied in a whole-circle manner or in a ditch manner, water is timely irrigated for 1 time after the application, and the water-soluble fertilizer is adopted for drip irrigation or spray irrigation after the fertilization, so that the quick absorption effect of the fertilizer is exerted, and the effect is timely exerted;
(4) Spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface for 3-4 times to quickly supplement medium and trace elements;
(5) Pruning branches of kiwi fruits generally starts 7-10 days after defoliation, the pruning time is generally ended in the first month before the current injury period, corresponding to 12 months to 1 month, early nutrient backflow is not ended, current injury is easily influenced too late, in addition, the time for which pruning wounds are easiest to heal is selected for pruning according to local climatic characteristics, for young trees, the pruning amount is small, according to the development of a desired frame shape, the frame surface is paved with branches preferentially, the crown is enlarged as a pruning principle, but not all branches are reserved, the sick branches and the weak branches are pruned, for adult trees, the backbone structure of the tree body is maintained, the fruiting capacity is ensured, meanwhile, the strong tree vigor is possessed, the main task of winter pruning is to select the fruiting branches, ensure the quantity and quality of reserved buds, enable the branches to be uniformly distributed on the frame surface, and some branches needing to be removed, including overgrown branches, diseases and insects are harmful branches, weak branches, branches which are long and branches which are covered on the lower layers, and branches which grow out of the frame surface;
(6) After trimming, reasonably retaining buds, namely 1.5-2 fruiting parent branches per square meter, 30-35 fruiting buds, wherein the number of the reserved buds of each fruiting parent branch is 15-25, or cutting the fruiting parent branch to half of the length of the row spacing, and reasonably retaining buds can ensure the quality of flower buds in the next year and reduce unnecessary nutrition waste;
(7) After trimming, the branches and tendrils are bound directly to the growth of plants, the areas where the freeze injury is easy to occur are limited to the beginning and the end of 2 months, the branches are difficult to uniformly distribute when the light is trimmed, the branches grow along with the growth, the principle of binding is that the branches are uniformly distributed from inside to outside, the branches and tendrils on the same iron wire are bound in an equidistant mode, the branches on different iron wires are alternately distributed, excessive crossing and overlapping are avoided during binding, the branches are prevented from being damaged by pulling, and each branch is bound for 1-2 times;
(8) The kiwi fruit tree is subjected to deinsectization, 3-5 Baume lime sulphur agents are thoroughly sprayed on a whole garden for 12-1 months, the orchard with serious diseases and insect pests is sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days, the number of the overwintering insect population is reduced, the disease sources are removed, all branches and tendrils are uniformly and thoroughly sprayed, gaps are not reserved, the period of dormancy of the kiwi fruit is also the period of overwintering and dormancy of the disease insects, and the resistance is strong in winter;
(9) The regulation and control of the actinidia fruit tree in the climatic period adopts ST-induced resistance agent and ethephon to carry out dormancy: the kiwi fruit wine is used for 11 months, so that the problem of insufficient dormancy of the kiwi fruits in Yunnan because of high temperature and late fallen leaves is solved;
(10) Pruning the overlength branches on the kiwi fruit trees, removing the lower sprout branches from the base, removing the overlength branches under the large shearing saw cuts, and if the space extends, leaving 3-4 bud short sections as the preparation branches; the branches on the back of the side tendrils are overgrown, the buds are reserved and the branches are cut off as updated branches, and a new tip with vigorous growth at the top is trimmed;
(11) The purpose of the topping of the kiwi fruit tree is to promote new branches, inhibit the growth of the fruit tree, enable nutrition to flow downwards, enable flower buds to keep the best nutrition state, increase the quantity of the fruiting branches, and the topping of sapling, wherein the sapling refers to a newly planted small tree and a 2-year tree in the current year, generally the tree is planted in a definite manner in the current year without shaping, after 1-2 robust branches and tendrils are selected and reserved, the branches and tendrils grow to 80 cm, the branches and tendrils are picked once, any branches and tendrils grow later, 7-10 cm, seven-leaf branches are picked at a position of 30 cm below a frame surface iron wire, weak trees are picked at a position of 10-20 cm below the frame surface iron wire, after the branches and tendrils are picked, 2-4 side branches germinate on a main tendril, and 10-12 leaves are reserved for secondary side branches and the secondary branches are picked for 2 times; picking the core of the full bearing period tree, and reserving 6-7 leaves of peripheral branches upwards from the top fruit for first picking; leaving 3-4 leaves on branches sent out by the second germination, and picking the cores; leaving 2 leaves for picking cores on branches sprouted for the third time, leaving 2-3 leaves for heavy picking cores on branches with bare length, leaving 10-12 leaves for picking cores on branches sprouted for the second time, picking cores for one time every 2 weeks from the middle ten days of 6 months, taking care that the prepared branches cultivated in the next year are near the main vines and do not need to be urgent for picking cores, if the top ends start winding, picking cores again, and starting winding the top ends when secondary branches are sent out after picking cores;
(12) The dormancy of the kiwi fruit tree is broken, the temperature is the most important climate parameter affecting bud dormancy, so many manual measures for breaking the dormancy of the fruit tree are all around temperature change, the dormancy of the buds is relieved by creating low-temperature demand of the fruit tree for a certain time under the natural condition at effective low temperature, the difference of cold required between different tree species and varieties is large, the low temperature of 0-7.2 ℃ is the effective low temperature, and the physical dormancy is broken as soon as possible.
As improvement, the soil is spread in the fertilization process, ditch application is stopped, rotary tillage is not possible, the plant Shi Jinna is not more than 1 jin of single plant each time, and the plant is spread in a far-scattered way and is 30-40 cm.
As an improvement, the soil detection is carried out by taking three times of soil detection each year, wherein 2 months are before the kiwi fruit sprouts, 5 months are the rapid expansion period of the kiwi fruit format, 10 months are the later period of the kiwi fruit harvest, 3 times of leaf detection are carried out, 4 months are the spring days, 6 months are the summer days, and 9 months are the autumn days, and N, P, K, ca is detected.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method for promoting flowers and strengthening fruits of the kiwi fruits suitable for the low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits can provide enough conditions for the growth of the kiwi fruits, so that the kiwi fruits are suitable for the low-latitude plateau climate in Yunnan province, good yield and quality can be obtained in low-latitude areas as well, the kiwi fruit tree is observed and soil is detected before fertilization, the phenomenon that the kiwi fruit tree lacks that element in the growth process can be known more quickly by monosodium glutamate, the supplementing operation of the kiwi fruit tree in the fertilization process is facilitated, the kiwi fruit is convenient to grow, the kiwi fruits have large requirements for various mineral elements, enough nutrients can be provided for the kiwi fruits when the kiwi fruits are fertilized for many times, and the absorption amount of various nutrient elements is greatly different in different growth periods. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and the like accumulate in leaves to about 80% of the total annual quantity from the germination period to the fruit setting period in early spring, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements are gradually transferred from branches and leaves to fruits in the fruit swelling period.
The method has the advantages that the distance between the fertilizer and the root is 30-40 cm in the process of fertilizing the kiwi fruits, a proper amount of fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting mode, the harm of fertilizer damage is reduced, the fertilizer application contraindicated for the kiwi fruits is that the fertilizer is not suitable for being advanced, the base fertilizer is not suitable for being added, the nitrogen fertilizer is not suitable for being added, the fertilizer is not suitable for being too close to the root, and the like, the fertilizer is strictly applied, so that the normal growth of the kiwi fruits can be ensured, the growth state of the kiwi fruits can be ensured by pruning branches, the development of the kiwi fruits can be realized according to the frame shape which is wanted, the diseased branches can be removed, the insect and diseases can be prevented, the disease and insect base number can be reduced, and the ST-induced resistance agent and ethephon are adopted for dormancy in the physical stage regulation of the kiwi fruits: solves the problems of late defoliation and insufficient dormancy of the Yunnan kiwi fruits due to high temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a soil element detection report of a method for promoting flower and strengthening fruit of a low latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruit;
FIG. 2 is a leaf element detection report of a method for promoting flower and strengthening fruit of a low latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruit.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below by means of specific examples, without limiting the invention.
Example 1
The flower and fruit promoting method suitable for the low latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits comprises the following steps of:
the kiwi fruit is suitable for low latitude plateau climates in Yunnan province, good yield and quality can be obtained in low latitude areas as well, firstly, soil and leaves for planting kiwi fruit trees are collected to detect, what provides growth elements are lack, the soil detection is three times per year, 2 months is that before the kiwi fruit sprouts, 5 months is that the kiwi fruit format rapidly swells, 10 months is that the kiwi fruit is in a later harvest stage, the leaves are detected for 3 times, spring is that the kiwi fruit is 4 months, summer is that the kiwi fruit is 6 months, autumn is that the kiwi fruit is 9 months, N, P, K, ca is detected, the kiwi fruit trees are observed, growth conditions are observed, and the condition that the kiwi fruit is lack of the elements under the condition of growth is checked.
Applying a germination accelerating fertilizer in early spring, applying fertilizer in spring, taking quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a main material, adding a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, taking whole-garden measures or plant application, irrigating spring water for 1 time, applying fruit promoting fertilizer after flowers, preferably applying fruit promoting fertilizer 20 days after flowers falling of kiwi fruit trees, taking quick-acting compound fertilizer as a main material, watering the whole-garden after application, applying strong fruit fertilizer in midsummer, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after 6 months, spraying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer on leaf surfaces for 1 time for taking leaf surface application as a main material, taking fertilizer of 0.5% monopotassium phosphate, 0.3% -0.5% urea solution and 0.5% calcium nitrate as a main material, applying overwintering fertilizer after picking, spraying 0.5% urea solution once to leaf surfaces before non-defoliation to increase leaf photosynthesis, promoting nutrition to roots and backflow, adding nutrient stock, applying base fertilizer in autumn, applying manure, composting, cake fertilizer as a main material, and applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer for 1 time for supplementing fertilizer when the growth of branch tips at later stage, applying quick-acting fertilizer by adopting part of nitrate, applying quick-acting fertilizer by adopting full-time, and applying quick-acting fertilizer after sprinkling irrigation, or applying quick-acting fertilizer by adopting full-acting irrigation, and quick-acting fertilizer after applying fertilizer 1; in the fertilization process, the fertilizer is spread on the ground, the ditch is stopped, the rotary tillage is not possible, the plant Shi Jinna is not more than 1 jin of single plant each time, and the fertilizer is spread in a far-scattered way and is 30 cm.
Spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface for 3 times, and rapidly supplementing medium and trace elements;
the pruning method is characterized in that the pruning is carried out on kiwi fruits, the pruning time is generally started 7 days after defoliation, the pruning period is ended in the first month, the corresponding period is approximately 12 months to 1 month, the decision of the pruning time is very important, early nutrient backflow is not ended, the current injury is easily influenced too late, in addition, the pruning is carried out according to the local climate characteristics, the time that the pruning wound is easiest to heal is selected, the pruning quantity is small for young trees, the pruning quantity is less according to the development of a frame shape which is required by the young trees, the branches are preferentially paved on the frame surface and the crown is enlarged, but not all branches are reserved, the sick and weak branches are pruned, the backbone structure of the tree body is maintained for adult trees, the result capability is ensured, the tree vigor is ensured, the branches are selected in winter, the quantity and quality of the reserved buds are ensured, the branches which need to be removed are evenly distributed on the frame surface, and the branches which are overgrown, the sick and the harmful branches are shielded, and the branches which are long in the lower layer are in a shade, and the frame surface are grown.
After trimming, 2 fruiting parent branches are reserved per square meter, 30 fruiting buds are reserved, the number of the fruiting parent branches is 15, or the fruiting parent branches are trimmed to half of the length of the row spacing, so that the quality of flower buds in the next year can be ensured by reasonably reserving buds, and unnecessary nutrition waste is reduced. After trimming, the branches and tendrils are bound, the growth of plants can be directly affected by the good or bad of the branches and tendrils, the area where the frost damage is easy to occur is fixed at the beginning and the end of 2 months, the branches are difficult to uniformly distribute when the branches are trimmed, the branches can grow along with the growth, the principle of binding is that the branches are uniformly distributed from inside to outside, the branches on the same iron wire are bound in an equidistant mode, the branches on different iron wires are alternately distributed, excessive crossing and overlapping are avoided during binding, the branches are prevented from being damaged by pulling, and each branch is bound for 1-2 times.
The kiwi fruit tree is subjected to deinsectization, 3 Baume lime sulfur mixture is thoroughly sprayed for 1 time in a 12-month whole garden, the orchard with serious diseases and insect pests is sprayed again at intervals of 7 days, the number of the base numbers of overwintering insect pests is reduced, the disease sources are eliminated, all branches and tendrils are uniformly sprayed thoroughly, gaps are not reserved, the kiwi fruit tree is used for preventing wind forests, the dormancy period of the kiwi fruit is also the period of overwintering and dormancy of the diseases and insect pests, and the kiwi fruit tree is overwintering and has strong resistance in winter.
The regulation and control of the actinidia fruit tree in the climatic period adopts ST-induced resistance agent and ethephon to carry out dormancy: the kiwi fruit wine is used for 11 months, and solves the problem of insufficient dormancy of the kiwi fruits in Yunnan because of high temperature and late fallen leaves.
Pruning the overlength branches on the kiwi fruit trees, removing the lower sprout branches from the base, removing the overlength branches under the large shearing saw cuts, and if the space extends, leaving 3 buds as the preparation branches; and (3) growing branches on the back of the side vine, leaving buds, cutting off the buds to serve as updated branches, and pruning the new branches with vigorous growth at the top.
The purpose of the topping of the kiwi fruit tree is to promote new branches, inhibit the growth of the fruit tree, enable nutrition to flow downwards and enable flower buds to keep the best nutrition state, increase the quantity of the fruiting branches, and the topping of sapling is that of newly planted small trees and 2-year old trees in the same year, generally, the tree is planted in the same year without shaping, after 2 robust branches and tendrils are selected and reserved, when the branches and tendrils grow to 80 cm, the branches and tendrils are picked for one time, and then any branches and tendrils grow to more than 8 cm and seven leaves.
Topping the middle-high tree at a position 30 cm below the frame surface iron wire, topping the weak tree at a position 15 cm below the frame surface iron wire, germinating a lateral branch on a main vine after topping, and topping the secondary lateral branch for 2 times while leaving 10 leaves; topping of the full bearing period tree, and reserving 6 leaves of peripheral branches upwards from the topping fruit for first topping; leaving 4 leaves of the branches sent out by the second germination to carry out topping; the branches sprouted for the third time leave 2 leaves for topping, the branches with bare length leave 3 leaves for topping, the branches sprouted for the second time leave 12 leaves for topping, the picking starts from the middle ten days of 6 months, the picking is carried out every 2 weeks, the prepared branches cultivated in the next year near the main vines are not urgent for topping, if topping is carried out again when the top starts to wind, topping is carried out again when the top starts to wind when the secondary branches are sent out after topping.
The dormancy of the kiwi fruit tree is broken, the temperature is the most important climate parameter affecting bud dormancy, so many manual measures for breaking the dormancy of the fruit tree are all around temperature change, the dormancy of the buds is relieved by creating low-temperature demand of the fruit tree which has to pass a certain time under the natural condition at effective low temperature, the difference of cold required between different tree species and varieties is large, the low temperature of 3 ℃ is the effective low temperature, and the physical dormancy is broken as soon as possible.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The flower and fruit promoting method for the low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Firstly, collecting soil and leaves for planting kiwi fruit trees, detecting, and checking what elements providing growth are absent;
(2) Observing the kiwi fruit tree, observing the growth condition, and checking the element lacking under the growth condition;
(3) Early spring dressing and germination accelerating fertilizer, spring period fertilization, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main material, small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, whole-garden measure or plant application, spring water irrigation for 1-2 times, flower dressing and fruit promoting fertilizer, fruit promoting fertilizer after flower falling of kiwi fruit tree should be applied for 20-30 days after flower falling, quick-acting fertilizer as the main material, whole-garden watering for one time after application, midsummer dressing and fruit strengthening fertilizer, 6-7 months dressing for one time of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, leaf surface spraying for 1-2 times for making up nutritional deficiency in later branch tip growth, this fertilization mainly comprises leaf surface spraying, the fertilizer is prepared from 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3% -0.5% of urea solution and 0.5% of calcium nitrate, the overwintering fertilizer is applied to the picked base, the 0.5% of urea solution is sprayed to leaf surfaces once before leaves fall to increase photosynthesis of the leaves, promote the back flow of nutrients to roots and stems, increase nutrient storage, the base fertilizer is preferably applied early in autumn, the ring manure, the retting fertilizer, the compost, the stable manure and the cake fertilizer are mainly used, part of quick-acting fertilizers including calcium superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are mixed and applied in a whole-circle manner or in a ditch manner, water is timely irrigated for 1 time after the application, and the water-soluble fertilizer is adopted for drip irrigation or spray irrigation after the fertilization, so that the quick absorption effect of the fertilizer is exerted, and the effect is timely exerted;
(4) Spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface for 3-4 times to quickly supplement medium and trace elements;
(5) Pruning branches of kiwi fruits generally starts 7-10 days after defoliation, the pruning time is generally ended in the first month before the current injury period, corresponding to 12 months to 1 month, early nutrient backflow is not ended, current injury is easily influenced too late, in addition, the time for which pruning wounds are easiest to heal is selected for pruning according to local climatic characteristics, for young trees, the pruning amount is small, according to the development of a desired frame shape, the frame surface is paved with branches preferentially, the crown is enlarged as a pruning principle, but not all branches are reserved, the sick branches and the weak branches are pruned, for adult trees, the backbone structure of the tree body is maintained, the fruiting capacity is ensured, meanwhile, the strong tree vigor is possessed, the main task of winter pruning is to select the fruiting branches, ensure the quantity and quality of reserved buds, enable the branches to be uniformly distributed on the frame surface, and some branches needing to be removed, including overgrown branches, diseases and insects are harmful branches, weak branches, branches which are long and branches which are covered on the lower layers, and branches which grow out of the frame surface;
(6) After trimming, reasonably retaining buds, namely 1.5-2 fruiting parent branches per square meter, 30-35 fruiting buds, wherein the number of the reserved buds of each fruiting parent branch is 15-25, or cutting the fruiting parent branch to half of the length of the row spacing, and reasonably retaining buds can ensure the quality of flower buds in the next year and reduce unnecessary nutrition waste;
(7) After trimming, the branches and tendrils are bound directly to the growth of plants, the areas where the freeze injury is easy to occur are limited to the beginning and the end of 2 months, the branches are difficult to uniformly distribute when the light is trimmed, the branches grow along with the growth, the principle of binding is that the branches are uniformly distributed from inside to outside, the branches and tendrils on the same iron wire are bound in an equidistant mode, the branches on different iron wires are alternately distributed, excessive crossing and overlapping are avoided during binding, the branches are prevented from being damaged by pulling, and each branch is bound for 1-2 times;
(8) The kiwi fruit tree is subjected to deinsectization, 3-5 Baume lime sulphur agents are thoroughly sprayed on a whole garden for 12-1 months, the orchard with serious diseases and insect pests is sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days, the number of the overwintering insect population is reduced, the disease sources are removed, all branches and tendrils are uniformly and thoroughly sprayed, gaps are not reserved, the period of dormancy of the kiwi fruit is also the period of overwintering and dormancy of the disease insects, and the resistance is strong in winter;
(9) The regulation and control of the actinidia fruit tree in the climatic period adopts ST-induced resistance agent and ethephon to carry out dormancy: the kiwi fruit wine is used for 11 months, so that the problem of insufficient dormancy of the kiwi fruits in Yunnan because of high temperature and late fallen leaves is solved;
(10) Pruning the overlength branches on the kiwi fruit trees, removing the lower sprout branches from the base, removing the overlength branches under the large shearing saw cuts, and if the space extends, leaving 3-4 bud short sections as the preparation branches; the branches on the back of the side tendrils are overgrown, the buds are reserved and the branches are cut off as updated branches, and a new tip with vigorous growth at the top is trimmed;
(11) The purpose of the topping of the kiwi fruit tree is to promote new branches, inhibit the growth of the fruit tree, enable nutrition to flow downwards, enable flower buds to keep the best nutrition state, increase the quantity of the fruiting branches, and the topping of sapling, wherein the sapling refers to a newly planted small tree and a 2-year tree in the current year, generally the tree is planted in a definite manner in the current year without shaping, after 1-2 robust branches and tendrils are selected and reserved, the branches and tendrils grow to 80 cm, the branches and tendrils are picked once, any branches and tendrils grow later, 7-10 cm, seven-leaf branches are picked at a position of 30 cm below a frame surface iron wire, weak trees are picked at a position of 10-20 cm below the frame surface iron wire, after the branches and tendrils are picked, 2-4 side branches germinate on a main tendril, and 10-12 leaves are reserved for secondary side branches and the secondary branches are picked for 2 times; picking the core of the full bearing period tree, and reserving 6-7 leaves of peripheral branches upwards from the top fruit for first picking; leaving 3-4 leaves on branches sent out by the second germination, and picking the cores; leaving 2 leaves for picking cores on branches sprouted for the third time, leaving 2-3 leaves for heavy picking cores on branches with bare length, leaving 10-12 leaves for picking cores on branches sprouted for the second time, picking cores for one time every 2 weeks from the middle ten days of 6 months, taking care that the prepared branches cultivated in the next year are near the main vines and do not need to be urgent for picking cores, if the top ends start winding, picking cores again, and starting winding the top ends when secondary branches are sent out after picking cores;
(12) The dormancy of the kiwi fruit tree is broken, the temperature is the most important climate parameter affecting bud dormancy, so many manual measures for breaking the dormancy of the fruit tree are all around temperature change, the dormancy of the buds is relieved by creating low-temperature demand of the fruit tree for a certain time under the natural condition at effective low temperature, the difference of cold required between different tree species and varieties is large, the low temperature of 0-7.2 ℃ is the effective low temperature, and the physical dormancy is broken as soon as possible.
2. The method for promoting flower and strengthening fruit of low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits, which is characterized in that the ground broadcast is stopped in the fertilization process, the furrow application is stopped, the rotary tillage is not possible, the plant Shi Jinna is not more than 1 jin per single plant, and the long-distance spreading and light application are 30-40 cm.
3. The method for promoting flower and strengthening fruit of the low-latitude plateau climate type kiwi fruits, which is characterized by comprising the steps of taking three soil tests per year, wherein 2 months are before the kiwi fruits sprout, 5 months are in a kiwi fruit format rapid expansion period, 10 months are in a kiwi fruit picking later period, detecting 3 times by leaves, 4 months in spring, 6 months in summer and 9 months in autumn, and detecting N, P, K, ca.
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