CN116849068A - Cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter full bearing period in advance - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of cherry planting, and in particular discloses a cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter a full bearing period in advance, which comprises the following steps: selecting a shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage as a cherry planting park; selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and storage and transportation resistance as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full bud and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety; planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings; shaping and trimming European sweet cherry seedlings planted in a cherry planting park; and carrying out pest control treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings. The application quickens the time of the European cherry entering the full bearing period, increases the yield of the cherry and improves the economic benefit of cherry planting.

Description

Cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter full bearing period in advance

Technical Field

The application particularly relates to the technical field of cherry planting, in particular to a cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter a full bearing period in advance.

Background

Sweet cherries, also known as American cherries, are native to the western asia and the southeast europe. In 1871, american tutor Ni Weisi introduced 10 cherry varieties, opened up an exemplary farm in the Shandong province of the tobacco station, yu Ding Tong nan Pond, and named "Guangxing orchard". Ni Weisi is cultivated by grafting, seedling raising and other modes, and finally succeeds. To promote the European sweet cherry, the new "small red fruits" is adopted, and Ni Weisi provides the local farmers with seedlings and cultivation technology for free every year. .

In the southern area of China, european sweet cherries are commonly called as "cherry"; in northern areas of China, european sweet cherries are called "sweet cherries". Sweet cherries in Qinzhou are the most obvious features for cherry localization,

in 2019, the agricultural product geographical mark is identified by the European sweet cherry in Qin state. The method spans two lagoons of Yangtze river and yellow river, belongs to a warm-temperate semi-moist semi-arid climate zone, is mild in climate, moderate in rainfall, rich and loose in soil quality and good in irrigation and drainage conditions, and is suitable for planting European sweet cherries. In addition, the water source and the soil in the area are clean, no pollution is caused, and especially the local mountain and dry land orchards mainly rely on rain collection and drought resistance cultivation, so that the quality safety of fruits is ensured from the source. The European sweet cherry produced in Qinzhou area has bright color, bright and clean fruit surface and bright red or dark red color; the fruits are in a flat round shape or a heart shape, the transverse diameter is 27-31mm, and the average single fruit mass is 9.6g; the pulp is red or yellow, is flexible and juicy, is sour and sweet, has a delicious taste, is durable in storage and transportation, and is deeply favored by consumers.

The early stage of the Europe sweet cherry is difficult to grow into a fruiting period and later in stone fruits, and the growing and fruiting periods of the Europe sweet cherry are affected to a certain extent by different ecological conditions, but the prior art lacks a cultivation method for improving the growing and fruiting period of the Europe sweet cherry, so that the fruiting period of the Europe cherry is difficult to enter, and the economic benefit of cherry planting is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a cultivation method for enabling a Europe cherry to enter a full bearing period in advance, so as to solve the problems that in the prior art, the Europe cherry is difficult to enter the full bearing period due to the fact that the nutrition growth of the Europe cherry in the early stage is vigorous, the bud formation is difficult to enter the fruiting period and the Europe cherry is late in stone fruits, and the growing and entering of the fruiting period are influenced to a certain extent due to different ecological conditions.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

a cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter full bearing period in advance comprises the following steps:

selecting a shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage as a cherry planting park;

selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and storage and transportation resistance as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full bud and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety;

planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings;

shaping and trimming European sweet cherry seedlings planted in a cherry planting park;

and carrying out pest control treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings.

As a further scheme of the application: the planting varieties include red light, dragon crown, early-maturing fruits and Mori.

As still further aspects of the application: the selected pollinated varieties comprise red light, hongfeng and Nang, and the pollinated varieties are artificially pollinated by using megared and megaviolet pollens during pollination.

As still further aspects of the application: selecting seedlings with the height of more than 1.2m, the diameter of more than 1cm at the root and stem, the height of more than 30cm and more than 3 branches as planting seedlings, and checking whether root systems are dehydrated and frozen or not when the seedlings are selected.

As still further aspects of the application: applying organic fertilizer and/or farmyard manure to the seedlings planted in the cherry planting park.

As still further aspects of the application: the fertilization method comprises the following steps:

spraying 0.2% urea solution 1 time every 30d in cherry planting park from spring germination to june each year; timely topdressing is carried out in early July, organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are taken as main fertilizers, other fertilizers are taken as auxiliary fertilizers, and a small amount of fertilizer is applied for many times;

chemical fertilizers are applied for 1 time in spring and autumn each year;

in the full bearing period of European sweet cherry, proper amount of decomposed soybean, bean cake, chicken manure and other fertilizer are added, and proper amount of Ca, B, si and other trace elements are sprayed.

As still further aspects of the application: the seedlings are required to be watered while fertilization is carried out, and proper watering is also required to be carried out according to drought conditions of soil; and watering in the winter, the flowering and the hard pit period of the European cherry tree.

As still further aspects of the application: the method for pruning European sweet cherry seedlings planted in the cherry planting park comprises the following steps:

after the nursery stock is planted, 50-70cm of the nursery stock is required to be kept for drying, and a certain distance is reserved between the first bud under the shearing opening and the shearing opening;

after the seedlings are dried, the white latex or the healing agent is used for smearing the shearing mouth;

after the seedling pruning is completed, the height of the tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.0m, and the uppermost branch is leveled to be used as a single-axis extension branch, so that the tree head forms a flat top.

As still further aspects of the application: after the nursery stock enters the full-bearing period, the uniaxial extension branch is updated year by year or every other year.

As still further aspects of the application: the method for carrying out insect pest prevention treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings comprises the following steps:

(1) Sleep period: the method is combined with pruning to thoroughly remove residual branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in the plantation, the old cocktail bark of the tree body is scraped and coated, and the diseased branches and the diseased tips are sheared and thoroughly destroyed; the sawn and scraped positions of the nursery stock are coated with bactericide or paint to prevent disease infection;

(2) And (3) a branch stage: quan Shupu spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulfur for 1 time to kill plant diseases and insect pests; before the tree body sprouts, 1000 times of liquid fast scale or 1000 times of liquid agro-musical is sprayed for preventing and controlling when the low-age larvae move;

(3) Flower and fruit period: 5 ten days in month, spraying a gram of Erickus pela 1500 times of liquid Erickus pela gram or Nongdile, lesi Ben;

(4) Maturity stage: and (5) placing bird repellent medicines and arranging a bird preventing net on the tree before the cherry is mature.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: according to the application, a shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage is selected as a cherry planting park; selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and storage and transportation resistance as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full bud and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety; planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings; shaping and trimming European sweet cherry seedlings planted in a cherry planting park; and (3) carrying out insect pest prevention treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings, so that the time for the Europe cherries to enter the full-bearing period is shortened, the yield of the cherries is increased, and the economic benefit of cherry planting is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a cultivation method of the european sweet cherry in which the full bearing period is early entered.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

The early stage of the Europe sweet cherry is difficult to grow into a fruiting period and later in stone fruits, and the growing and fruiting periods of the Europe sweet cherry are affected to a certain extent by different ecological conditions, but the prior art lacks a cultivation method for improving the growing and fruiting period of the Europe sweet cherry, so that the fruiting period of the Europe cherry is difficult to enter, and the economic benefit of cherry planting is affected.

Based on this, referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the application, a cultivation method for early entry of a sweet cherry into a full bearing period includes the following steps:

s10, selecting a shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage as a cherry planting park;

s20, selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and is durable in storage and transportation as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full buds and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety;

it should be noted that, because the self-setting rate of the european sweet cherry variety is extremely low or the self-setting is not strong, a pollinating tree must be planted, in order to increase the pollinating rate, a high-quality variety should be selected as a planting variety, for example, in a premature cultivation area, a variety with early maturity, high quality and high yield, such as red light, dragon crown, early large fruit, molly, etc. should be selected as a main planting variety in an orchard; in the late-maturing cultivation area, the main cultivated varieties of the orchard should be mainly middle-late-maturing or extremely-late-maturing varieties, such as pioneer, red light, brilliant sun, ke Diya, rasina and the like; in addition, the European sweet cherry orchard cultivated in open field is selected by taking the anti-cracking property into consideration; when the rain-sheltering protection cultivation is carried out, the quality and the high yield property of fruits are mainly considered;

furthermore, in the embodiment of the application, as the cherry is required to enter the full bearing period in advance, the maturation period of the cherry is accelerated, the red light is selected as the variety of the European sweet cherry, the red light is suitable for being used as the pollination tree of most of the varieties of the European sweet cherry, and the pollination variety ratio is kept between 30 and 40 percent when the European sweet cherry orchard is built, so that the design of the ratio is most suitable for flowering and fruiting of the European sweet cherry, and the local fruit farmers can obtain ideal economic benefits.

Still further, since most varieties of the European sweet cherry have extremely low self-flower setting rate or self-flower fecundity, pollinating trees are required to be configured, and only pollinating affinities and flowering phases of the varieties of the main cultivated sweet cherry meet to form pollinating varieties, in the embodiment of the application, the selected pollinating varieties comprise red lamps, red plums and nados, and the pollinating varieties are artificially pollinated by using megared and megaviolet pollens during pollination, so that the fruit setting rate of the red lamps of the European sweet cherry is improved, and the main cultivated sweet cherry varieties quickly enter into the full bearing period.

In addition, in the embodiment of the application, the European sweet cherry seedlings need to be further selected during selection, and the selection rule is as follows: selecting seedlings with the height of more than 1.2m, the diameter of more than 1cm at the rhizome, the height of more than 30cm and more than 3 branches as planting seedlings; in addition, the seedlings need to check whether the root system is dehydrated and frozen during selection. The selection of the Europe sweet cherry seedlings is similar to the selection of the seeds of field crops, good seeds are the key for realizing yield and quality increase, and robust Europe sweet cherry seedlings are the key for cultivating high-quality Europe sweet cherries, and have direct relation with the success and failure of garden establishment. The seedlings selected by the selection rule are used for building the garden, the survival rate of the seedlings is high, the European cherry tree has early fruiting, quick income acquisition and good economic benefit.

S30, planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings;

in step S30 of the embodiment of the application, applying organic fertilizer and/or farmyard manure to the nursery stock planted in the cherry planting park, wherein the organic fertilizer contains comprehensive nutrient components, contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, and also contains trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron, the application of the organic fertilizer is beneficial to forming soil aggregate structure, and the water-retaining, heat-preserving, ventilation and fertilizer-retaining capacity of the soil is improved, so that various nutrients can be provided for the nursery stock in the fruit tree growing process, and the fertilizing method comprises the following steps:

s31, starting spring germination to June each year, and spraying 0.2% urea solution 1 time every 30d in a cherry planting park; at the beginning of seven months, the fertilizer can be applied at proper time, the organic fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer are used as main materials, other fertilizers are used as auxiliary materials, and a small amount of fertilizer can be applied for many times;

s32, dressing chemical fertilizer 1 time in spring and autumn each year, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined by trees;

s33, in the full bearing period of the European sweet cherry, a proper amount of decomposed soybean, bean cake, chicken manure and other fertilizers are required to be added, and a proper amount of calcium, boron, silicon and other trace elements are required to be sprayed;

notably, in the steps S31-S33, the seedlings are required to be watered while being fertilized, and chemical fertilizers are sufficiently diluted and dissolved so as to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizers; in addition, proper watering is carried out timely according to the drought condition of the soil, and it is notable that watering is needed in the overwintering period, the flowering period and the hard pit period of the European cherry trees, otherwise, the growth of the European cherry trees is affected, the fruit yield is reduced, and the economic income of fruit farmers is further affected;

furthermore, the hard core period should be controlled to be about 60% according to the specific condition of the soil.

S40, shaping and trimming the Europe sweet cherry seedlings planted in the cherry planting park;

in step S40 of the embodiment of the present application, a method for pruning the european sweet cherry seedlings planted in the cherry planting park includes the following steps:

s41, after field planting of the seedlings, keeping 50-70cm for drying, wherein the first buds under the cutting openings cannot be too close to the cutting openings, and a certain distance is needed to be kept;

s42, after the seedlings are dried, coating a shearing port with white latex or a healing agent to prevent wind drying;

s43, after the seedling pruning is completed, the height of the tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.0m, and the uppermost branch is leveled to be a single-axis extension branch, so that the tree head forms a flat top;

further, in step S40 of the embodiment of the present application, after the nursery stock enters the full-growing period, the uniaxial extension branch needs to be updated year by year or every other year to promote the growth of the young sprout, control the fruit yield and keep the tree vigor robust;

in addition, the selected season of the shaping and pruning of the nursery stock is summer, and summer is the best period of pruning of the adult European sweet cherry, and the pruning is easy to heal and free from gummosis, so that the density condition of the branches can be obviously seen, the nutrition growth is weakened, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted; the shaping and trimming mode of the nursery stock in summer includes drawing branch and opening angle, picking core, thinning branch and carving bud.

S50, performing pest control treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings;

in step S50 of the embodiment of the present application, the method for pest control treatment of seedlings according to different periods of seedling growth includes the following steps:

(1) Sleep period: the method has the advantages that the method combines pruning to thoroughly remove residual branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in a plantation, scrapes old cocktail bark of a tree body, cuts off diseased shoots and thoroughly destroys the diseased shoots, and reduces the occurrence base number of disease insects; meanwhile, the protection of the tree body is enhanced, and the saw kerf and the bark scraping part are coated with bactericide or paint to prevent disease infection;

(2) And (3) a branch stage: quan Shupu spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulfur for 1 time to kill plant diseases and insect pests; in a garden with the occurrence of the mulberry meadow, before the tree body sprouts, 1000 times of liquid fast meadow gram or 1000 times of liquid agro le are sprayed for preventing and controlling when the low-age larvae move for 1 time;

(3) Flower and fruit period: the key point is to control Sang Bai, in the hatching full period of the 1 st generation of the juvenile scale, the spraying scale is 1500 times of the liquid scale or the agro-musical instrument, and the Lesi-book;

(4) Maturity stage: the cherry is bright in color and sweet in taste after being ripe, and is easily damaged by birds, and the prevention and the control are mainly carried out by the measures of placing bird repellent medicines on the trees before the cherry is ripe, arranging bird repellent nets and the like, and can also be assisted with sound equipment to repel birds when the birds are high in pest.

In conclusion, the shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage is selected as the cherry planting park; selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and storage and transportation resistance as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full bud and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety; planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings; shaping and trimming European sweet cherry seedlings planted in a cherry planting park; and (3) carrying out insect pest prevention treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings, so that the time for the Europe cherries to enter the full-bearing period is shortened, the yield of the cherries is increased, and the economic benefit of cherry planting is improved.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation method for enabling European sweet cherries to enter full bearing period in advance, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting a shallow hillside land with good water source supply and less frost damage as a cherry planting park;

selecting a high-quality European sweet cherry variety which has high self-flower setting rate, gorgeous fruit color, harder pulp, light or no fruit cracking and storage and transportation resistance as a planting variety, and selecting a robust European sweet cherry seedling with developed and fresh root system, full bud and no harm of diseases and insects from the planting variety;

planting the selected European sweet cherry seedlings in a cherry planting park, and fertilizing and watering the seedlings;

shaping and trimming European sweet cherry seedlings planted in a cherry planting park;

and carrying out pest control treatment on the seedlings according to different periods of the growth of the seedlings.

2. The method for cultivating the European sweet cherry in advance in the full bearing period according to claim 1, wherein the cultivated varieties include red light, dragon crown, early-maturing fruits and Mori.

3. The cultivation method for early entry of the european sweet cherry into the full bearing period according to claim 2, wherein the pollinated varieties selected include red light, hongfeng and nado, and the pollinated varieties are artificially pollinated with megared and megaviolet pollens at the time of pollination.

4. The cultivation method for early entry of European sweet cherry into full bearing period according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings with seedling height of more than 1.2m, root diameter of more than 1cm, seedling height of more than 30cm and more than 3 branches are selected as the planted seedlings, and the seedlings are selected by checking whether root systems are dehydrated and frozen.

5. The cultivation method for early entry of european sweet cherry into full bearing period according to claim 1, wherein organic fertilizer and/or farmyard manure is applied to the seedlings planted in the cherry planting park.

6. The cultivation method for early entry of the european sweet cherry into the full bearing period according to claim 5, wherein the fertilization method comprises the steps of:

spraying 0.2% urea solution 1 time every 30d in cherry planting park from spring germination to june each year; timely topdressing is carried out in early July, organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer are taken as main fertilizers, other fertilizers are taken as auxiliary fertilizers, and a small amount of fertilizer is applied for many times;

chemical fertilizers are applied for 1 time in spring and autumn each year;

in the full bearing period of European sweet cherry, proper amount of decomposed soybean, bean cake, chicken manure and other fertilizer are added, and proper amount of Ca, B, si and other trace elements are sprayed.

7. The cultivation method for early entering full bearing period of European sweet cherry according to claim 6, wherein the seedlings need to be watered while being fertilized, and the seedlings need to be watered appropriately in time according to drought conditions of soil; and watering in the winter, the flowering and the hard pit period of the European cherry tree.

8. The cultivation method for early entry of a prunus cerasifera into a full bearing period according to claim 1, wherein the method for pruning prunus cerasifera seedlings planted in a cherry planting park comprises the steps of:

after the nursery stock is planted, 50-70cm of the nursery stock is required to be kept for drying, and a certain distance is reserved between the first bud under the shearing opening and the shearing opening;

after the seedlings are dried, the white latex or the healing agent is used for smearing the shearing mouth;

after the seedling pruning is completed, the height of the tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.0m, and the uppermost branch is leveled to be used as a single-axis extension branch, so that the tree head forms a flat top.

9. The cultivation method for early entry of european sweet cherry into full bearing period according to claim 8, wherein the uniaxial extension branch is updated year by year or every other year after the seedling enters into full bearing period.

10. The cultivation method for early entry of the european sweet cherry into the full bearing period according to claim 1, wherein the method for pest control treatment of the seedlings according to different periods of their growth comprises the following steps:

(1) Sleep period: the method is combined with pruning to thoroughly remove residual branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in the plantation, the old cocktail bark of the tree body is scraped and coated, and the diseased branches and the diseased tips are sheared and thoroughly destroyed; the sawn and scraped positions of the nursery stock are coated with bactericide or paint to prevent disease infection;

(2) And (3) a branch stage: quan Shupu spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulfur for 1 time to kill plant diseases and insect pests; before the tree body sprouts, 1000 times of liquid fast scale or 1000 times of liquid agro-musical is sprayed for preventing and controlling when the low-age larvae move;

(3) Flower and fruit period: 5 ten days in month, spraying a gram of Erickus pela 1500 times of liquid Erickus pela gram or Nongdile, lesi Ben;

(4) Maturity stage: and (5) placing bird repellent medicines and arranging a bird preventing net on the tree before the cherry is mature.